Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ajustement structurel – Afrique centrale'
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Pinto, Moreira Emmanuel. "Politiques d'ajustement et intégration régionale en Afrique Centrale et de l'Ouest : contribution à une approche régionale de l'ajustement." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN20020.
Full textThe recent economic literature treated a lot the question of structural adjustment in sub-Saharan Africa. In another hand, a great writing showed the importance of regional integration in Africa because of the small dimension of countries and the smallness of national markets. But the literature failed in studding the relation between structural adjustment and regional integration. The national adjustment programs had an effect on the regional integration. The lack of harmonization of programs implied negatives effects on regional integration especially in West Africa where two kinds of external adjustment were experimented: real adjustment in CFA zone (before the devaluation of CFA franc) and devaluation in the non CFA countries. The purpose of this study is to show the benefits of harmonization of structural adjustment programs. It tries also to show how structural adjustment and regional integration can be used together as a base of a new strategy of economic and social development in sub-Saharan Africa
Beumeu, Emmanuel. "Systèmes financiers et développement : mobilisation des ressources dans les pays de la zone franc (cas des pays B.E.A.C.)." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL302.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to detect the role played by the financial systems in the economic development. Just after the independencies, the whole French-speaking countries of Black Africa were concerned by the mobilization of the resources which had to allow them to finance the economic activities. The creation or the transformation of a certain number of financial institutions were previoused for this way. More than thirty years after, the social and economic situation (stagnant growth, decrease of the tax revenues, political disorder and the virtually bankruptcy of banking sectors) suppose a profund failure of the strategies which were set up. The reform of the financial circulations seems to be one of the substancial features of the depression which affects the countries of the B. E. A. C. Zone, as well as the process of transformation of the economic scene which has been settled by these countries. The process aims at increasing the domestic resources and above all at improving the efficiency of investments. In this context, we have considered important to adopt a global vision which go beyond the scope of the financial system. This vision consists in analysing the environment in which the financial middlemen interfere. Indeed, the financial reforms must be included in a global process. We principally contributed to prove that the absence of industrialization of these countries was not necessarily linked to a lack of funds, as we usually think, but more to a inadequate management, based upon the principle of « the government by the privileged people », that we can find within economic sectors and administrations. So, we have drawn up some measures, without claiming that we found the miracle solution that would get these countries out of depression
Babagnack, Paul. "Marchés financiers de l'Afrique centrale : changements structurels et performances." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30012/document.
Full textThe sub-region Central Africa, in the perspective of continuing the construction of its economic and common Monetary Area (CEMAC) strengthened has died to set up a stock exchange of Central Africa (BVMAC) for the development of its system common financial system with subregional competence.Meanwhile, one of the member countries, in this case Cameroon has a stock exchange, the Douala Stock Exchange (DSX), with the same objectives but national competence. There are therefore problems of competition, competiveness and efficiency. In short, a problem of performance of the two stock exchanges weakening the financing of its economy by the financial market to the detriment of the major potential beneficiaries that are the companies.How to structure and reorganize the financial markets of Central Africa to improve their performance in financing its economy? This question then raises the issue of the reconstruction of CEMAC’s financial markets. To answer this main question, it is necessary to take into account two constituent determinants of CEMAC: The Economic Union of Central Africa (UEAC)And The Central Africa Monatry Union (UMAC)In order to support four theories namely: Optimal Monetary Zone theory Centrality theory Mutualization theory Structural change (organization)But also empirically, to know how is organized according to the current models, that is to say the international standards of different financial markets around the world.To demonstrate the constraint of consolidating these two financial markets in the same community space on the basic of the CODERE model is strong according to Kurt Lewin (940) model and analyze their current performance. The hain borrowed from the financial integration of these financial market leads to a bipolar or multipolar specialization of this privileged development actor that is the financial market
Moussavou, Pierre. "Essai sur l'intégration économique régionale en Afrique." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100105.
Full textThis study attempts to understand the logic and the rationality of the phenomenon of regional economic integration in Africa. It tries to answer to some fundamental questions such as: why do African countries go into the process of regional economic integration? Who does the integration? Who are the beneficiaries? Our work takes into account the international environment which influences the process of the regional economic integration in Africa. The international system contributes to mold the economic, social and political structures of African countries, which determine the results of different African experiences of regional integration. In this prospect we survey the contradictory movement of integration marginalization of African countries in the world economic, and the international economic crisis. At last, this study attempts also to draw up a balance-sheet of the regional economic integration in Africa through an evaluation of the results of UDEAC and CEAO which are considered as models. On the whole, it appears that the balance-sheet of the regional economic integration in Africa is very slight
Makosso, Christian Ernest. "Ajustement structurel et éducation en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100086.
Full textThis study consist mainly on showing the impact of the structural adjustment on enrolments of people provided with schooling in Ivory Cost. At first, we place this study in the general context in SSA. This brings us to make an inventory of fixtures of African school systems and point out the growth of the global tends of the structural adjustment on enrolments of people provided with schooling in SSA' countries under adjustment and outside of adjustment between 1970 and 2000. Afterwards, we enter specifically upon our study, which is to study the impact of the structural adjustment on scholastic supply and the private scholastic demand (effective demand) in Ivory Cost and behaviours change of Ivorian households in terms of familial education strategies generated by the adjustment. The post adjustment perspective, we are outlining PRSP's (Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers) implications on the scholastic supply and its quality in Burkina Faso (having reached the completion point), in default of of Ivorian' PRSP (decisional point)
Zeufack, Albert G. "Investissement privé et ajustement en Afrique sub-saharienne : modélisations et estimations économétriques sur données de panel des secteurs manufacturiers du Cameroun et de la Côte d'Ivoire /." Paris ; Montréal (Québec) ; Budapest [etc.] : l'Harmattan, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37656490r.
Full textFoumthim, Momo Claude. "Fonction publique et ajustement structurel en Afrique Noire : l'exemple du Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40030.
Full textLéon, Alain. "L'intégration économique régionale en Afrique orientale et australe." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100134.
Full textRegional economic integration is a global process which can occur in several forms. The contrasted conceptions of liberal or planned economy seem to be difficult to apply in Africa where the relative failure of structural adjustment policies, of communal and security logics, of the financial and state crises, the informal exchanges, as well as a negative insertion into the world trade. . . Require a specific approach. The first part deals with integration by the market. The first chapter studies the theory of integration and developing countries at a static and dynamic level. The second chapter shows the contradiction within the regional integration process in eastern Africa with the examples of the preferential trade area and the economic community of big lakes countries. The second part analyses the regional cooperation and coordination of economic policies. The third chapter puts in relation the regional cooperation in less developed countries, the organization efficiency and integration by socioeconomic actors. The fourth chapter studies regional coordination and inter-African relations. The third part deals with the polarization of regional activities and integration into the global economy. The fifth chapter links the polarization activities and regional cooperation. Finally, the sixth chapter analyses the integration disintegration process in less developed countries
Raissouni, Omar. "Financement et ajustement des comptes extérieurs : (étude centré sur les pays du Maghreb, 1974-1984)." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131000.
Full textThis study has shown, at last that the deconnexion of the external constraint from the internal ajustments, due to international indebtedness, has rapidily reached limits. These limits have forced the ldc's to adjust drastically their external accounts in order to adapt their needs to their importation capacity. Consequently, their economic growth have been affected negatively. In the maghreb countries, the limits of indebtedness have obliged these countries, one after the other, to adopt different adjustment policies. Morocco which has been the most affected by negative external chocs, has been also the first con fronted to the adjustment. The adjustment policies applied by these countries, have succeeded to reduce their external imbalances, but their economic growth as well as the living standard of the population, were notably affected, particularily in morocco were the adjustment has been the most drastic. In spite of that, the indebtedness level of these countries remain high. Consequently, the adjustment effort should be maintained, but this adjustment should be selective : elimination of wastes, wrestling against fiscal fraud and escape, reduction of expenses that have little effect of stimulating economic activity, particulary import-competing and exported oriented industries, finally increase of direct taxes contribution to the government revenues. More fundamentaly, however, in order to avoid deflationary adjustments and prepare the conditions of a sustainable growth in the long, these countries must elaborate a new policy of international insertion and engage in that way a structural adjustment process : exploration of the possibilites of new manufacturing exports development, stimulation of food production (above all cereals), development of local equipment goods production in order to break down the gearing between increase of industrial production and increase more then proportionally of equipment goods imports
Wambo, Yamdjeu Augustin Herman. "La gouvernance des politiques publiques en Afrique subsaharienne en période post-ajustement structurel : une critique de la valeur ajoutée du NEPAD face au défi agricole." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111022.
Full textNzepa, Serge. "Le rôle du programme d'ajustement structurel dans la réforme du régime de l'investissement étranger adoptée par les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne surendettés." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010280.
Full textThis thesis emphasizes the role of structural adjustment program (SAP) on the foreign investment reform adopted by the heavily indebted subsaharan african countries. In the first part, the author shows that the sap has become a fundamental rule that subsaharan African countries must now comply with in all their economic conduct, including their conduct towards foreign investments. First, he describes the causes of the sap's adoption by African countries, especially their balance of payments crisis occured in the early 1980 s. , and their indebteness. Afterwards, he points out that sap fonction is to guarantee subsaharan african countries' external debt towards their creditor. Finally, he shows that the performance of this rule is sanctionned by a strict control ensured by ifm. In the second part, the author deals with the foreign investment reform adopted by subsaharan African countries in order to comply with sap. First, he studies the principal measure adopted by these countries, especially the national investment code liberalization. Then, he stresses the other national measures carried out such as public enteprises privatization and export free zones. Finally, he analyses the international extensions of these national measures such as bilateral investment treaties, the world bank guidelines on the treatment of foreign investment and the political risk guarantees (national garantees and miga's garantee).
N'tetani, Lucien. "Intervention publique, entreprise publique et développement économique : approches théorique et historique dans le cas de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0011.
Full textThe extend of state interference in developing countries and the numerous questions that surround it, lie at the heart of current economic debates. The economic development theory has seen sevaral attempts at reformulation over the past years. Today, development economics specialists point out negative implications of excessive state intervention in an economy. After two or three decades of observing the economies of developing notions many today increasingly question the development strategies of yester years which were conceived largely by theoritical orthodox foundations and ideology borrowed freely from marxism. The observation of developing economies from a microeconomic point of view has resulted in criticisms of traditionnel development models and given rise to alternatives ones. The new institutional approach, in a wake of d. North, bears testimony to this. The objective of our study is to bring a certain clarity to the complex area of economics where differents approaches oppose, compete, complement and co-exist. In this regard, we have been particularly interested in public enterprises as a means of state economic intervention. Two important question faces in today: does macroeconomic instability faced by developing countries sufficiently question the economique role of the state? Is privatization of public enterprises as envisaged by the financial institution the ideal solution to avert the economic crisis faced by nations of the subsaharian belt?
Ben, Salem Leila Samah. "Systeme et politique de santé au Sénégal et dans certains étáts d'Afrique subsaharienne : Texte imprimé : Difficultés et échecs des réformes." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0024.
Full textN'Gouan, Konin Patrick. "Financement budgétaire et croissance économique en Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010014.
Full textOsuagwu, Chikereze. "La participation de l'Union européenne au processus de l'ajustement structurel des états d'Afrique autour de Lomé IV." Paris 8, 2000. http://octaviana.fr/document/182423530#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textParrot, Laurent. "Étude de l'impact de mesures macro-économiques sur une économie villageoise africaine : un modèle d'équilibre général calculable simplifié d'une petite ville." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010017.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is (I) to give an accurate framework of an African village-town economy and its global organization, and (II) to create two models, a social accounting matrix and a general equilibrium model. These two models are used in view to better understand the interactions between the actors of the economy. The general equilibrium model is relatively simple (the elasticities are equal to one or zero, and we use linear functions), but it gives an accurate idea of a complex economy, integrating local specificities. The linear model shows a town completely demand-driven and with no supply constraints. The general equilibrium model shows different results with the integration of more realistic constraints (decreasing return to scale, endogeneous crop prices, prices etc. . . ). It is possible to study price policies, credit policies, marketing policies, income policies, tax policies, and the effects of a deteriorating ecological environment on agriculture. The opportunity to be able to modelize a town or a village makes it possible to analyse the effects of such policies on the different households groups
Ngouhouo, Ibrahim. "Les investissements directs étrangers en Afrique centrale : attractivité et effets économiques." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274376.
Full textEom, Hanjin. "L'islam dans la transformation néo-libérale du rapport entre l'Etat et la société au Maghreb : l'Etat-nation, l'impérialisme et l'islam." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081934.
Full textAlary, Véronique. "Incertitude et prise de risque en période d'ajustement : le comportement des producteurs de cacao du Cameroun avant et après 1994." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010047.
Full textThe study of the cocoaplanters'behaviour in Cameroon during a period of economic instability and unruliness sets at once the following question : is there still a future for the cocoa plantation ? This study attemps to answer the urgent problems of national policy. Indeed, cocoa -which represents 15% of export profits- is one of the most important commodity for economic take-off in Cameroon. Following interviews with farmers about their decisions just before and after the devaluation of the fcfa, we tried to surround the agronomical and social vulnerabilities which are characteristic of various cocoa production systems, in order to appreciate how much the instability coming from outside (price variability, access to credit, changes in agricultural policy) can affect those farmers and to come to the real conditions of decision taking of the planter. Based on decision making criteria towards risk and uncertainty, gleaned from the empirical study, a linear programming model was developed in order to test the logics of agricultural supply under different constraints and macro-economic management interventions. The uncertain factors as they are considered in the model, are not only a constraint, but limit the amount of the knowledge that is possible to have of the future and also influence on the ratio between consumption and saving. Over the whole set of simulations, decision making risk seems to be a strong factor in discouraging investment since, due to price instability, the possible gains achieved by taking risks are questionable from one year to another. Conscious of such uncertain events, the cocoa planter will tend to economize -precaution savings- in order to survive through periods of low price and low yields
Shajari, Parastoo. "Ajustement avec croissance : les enseignements du modèle intégré FMI-Banque mondiale en matière de politique économique dans le cas de quelques pays de la région MENA et de la Méditerranée." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0005.
Full textThe IMF and the World Bank began the implementation of structural adjustment programs in 80s to help countries affected by economic crises and achieve objectives such as restoration of balance of payments, controlling inflation and growth. The aim of this thesis is to study the method of macroeconomic analysis which accentuate on the programs advocated by the IMF and the World Bank from the model known as the "Integrated Model IMF-World Bank". The purpose of this research is to make a comprehensive assessment of the applicability of this model to analyse the performance of adjustment programs in the case of six countries in the Mediterranean and MENA region, namely, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey during the 1974-2004 period. Then we analyze the effects of the different policies on the different targets variables
Moupébélé, Makadjoka Chislain. "Le Gabon, la France et la Banque des États de l'Afrique centrale, 1959-1992 : entre logique "géomonétaire" et financement de l'économie." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0057.
Full textThe Bank of Central African States, created in 1973 and responsible for ensuring the monetary issue, is the result of institutional transformations that mark the economic and political dynamics of the States. When in 1955 the French government set up the Institut d’émission d’Afrique équatoriale et du Cameroun, it intended to dissociate the functions of issuing money from those of credit. According to this objective, the cardinal mission of the new monetary institution is to guarantee monetary stability by targeting inflation and defending the exchange rate. Its commercial activities are limited. It only grants short-term loans, while medium and long-term loans are now provided by the Caisse Centrale de Coopération Economique. When in 1959, at the time of independence, the institute of emission becomes the central Bank of equatorial African states and the Cameroun, the missions and paradigms have not changed much, while the question of financing economy becomes a central issue in Gabon as well as in other postcolonial states. The debates and negotiations that took place in the late 1960s aim to deconstruct the theoretical framework of monetary policy and credit of the federal central Bank and lead to a form of organization which makes it possible to combine the objectives of Africanization, growth and monetary stability. The objective of our research is to situate ourselves in this process, by focusing in particular on the political, geo-monetary and financial issues around the Franco-Gabonese monetary relations. We have studied the practices of the central bankers, the power relationship in the management of the Central Bank, the balance of power among states within the Board of Directors, the theoretical framework of monetary policy and the impact of these different parameters on fiscal policy and the evolution of the real economy in Gabon. In this respect, we have defined a method which does not allow us to dip in the process of politicization or depoliticization of the Central Bank and to see that several factors interact to make the problem of monetary sovereignty marginal and legitimize the principle of collective and concerted sovereignty. To achieve this, we consider three levels of analysis: national (Gabon), regional (BEAC and franc zone) and multilateral (relationship with France and the Bretton Woods institutions). The reconstruction of these interactions has enabled us to understand that the monetary policy carried out by the Central Bank conformed to the conditions which are out of economic rationality
Simard, Hughes. "Une étude des politiques canadiennes en matière d'aide au développement à l'égard des pays francophones d'Afrique de l'Ouest dans les années 1980." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26273.pdf.
Full textMendy, Pierre. "Les relations économiques entre les institutions de Bretton Woods et les pays africains de la Zone franc." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100105.
Full textWith two economic and monetary unions (WAEMU and CAEMU), the franc zone of Africa created in 1939, results from the evolution of the French colonial monetary system in Africa which managed to survive to the wave of the disappearances of the colonial monetary systems after the independences of the African countries, while the other systems (British, Portuguese, Spanish and Belgian) did not escape it. This survival of the Africa’s franc zone is largely explained by its evolution, its specific organization and by its institutional functioning. However, this does not spare the ACZF from the economic imbalance observed from 1985 and it until 1993, being understandable at the same time by the problem of the creation of a monetary area, an unsuitable institutional functioning, as well as unsuitable economic structures, the considerable degradation of current and external the budgetary accounts, the explosion of the foreign debt and finally the unfavorable evolution of the international economic situation. The fundamental major principles set up since the creation of the franc zone of Africa in 1939, are not then adapted any more to the economic, political and social evolution of each economic union, therefore their reform in depth is necessary. In front of these economic imbalances, the ACZF and France opted first for the real adjustment in order to restore economic balance. But this choice quickly interfered with the local sociopolitical realities and with economic slowdown of the frank zone of Africa, which will finish to request, at the beginning of 1980s, the intervention of the Bretton Woods institutions (World Bank and International Monetary Fund) which recommended then the implementation of PSA to return to economic balance. In front of the incapacity of the ACZF to restore economic balance by means of the real adjustment, the IBW required to the ACFZ the implementation of the exchange adjustment (devaluation of the CFA franc with regard to the French franc) in prerequisite of any financial help and obtained France’ support that then left the ACZF, because of the "doctrine Balladur", by refusing henceforth to grant them any financial help without the prior authorization of the BWI. This imposed devaluation of the CFA franc was not the most effective and credible macroeconomic mode of adjustment, because it did not preserve sustainable economic balance, the real adjustment appeared to be in this situation more effective and credible, but requiring a forward austerity policy. This medium-term failure of the devaluation was added to all the other measures of the PSA of which evaluation revealed a reserved assessment even a failure in particular in the social domain, because not having allowed the return to the economic balance of the ACZF. Furthermore, public aid in development, foreign debt and struggle against poverty which characterized also the IBW intervention in the zone franc of Africa did not reach their expected objective. So, today as yesterday, the cooperation between the IBW and the ACFZ does not benefit these last ones, but rather the industrialized countries, main shareholders of these institutions and holders of the multinational firms. The latter remains the main beneficiaries of PSA. The multilateralism, intended to correct these inequitable economic relations created by the North-South regionalism to the detriment of the South, does not produce either the fair rules necessary for the world market. To compensate for this problem, the ACFZ, as well as the rest of Africa, have to strengthen the regionalism or the integration South-South, the only real profitable institution to their economy. Also, the ACFZ, strengthen by such a report, diversify their partners for development and adopt more and more the " Beijing Consensus " as an alternative model to the " Washington Consensus ", where State regains its role in the regulation of the economic activity in association with the market to create at last a real system of mixed economy
Sawadogo, Elvis Flavien. "Les instruments de la convergence des politiques budgétaires dans la zone UEMOA." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0021/document.
Full textLegal studies on African Public Finance rarely address fiscal policy issues. The economic nature of this subject isprobably the reason. Yet the creation of economic integration space between states sharing the same currency led the law,including community law, to take a firm hold on fiscal policy issues. Any fiscal laxity from a state has repercussions on theothers and the stability of the monetary Union. The strengthening of economic integration, in west Africa, with the WAEMUTreaty of 1994 has been accompanied by the setting up of a converging measures of budgetary policies of states members. This consists in monitoring, through a community institutional framework, compliance by states with some criteria, mainlybudgetary. The convergence of budgetary policies thus refers to common budgetary discipline to be observed by the statesmembers of the WAEMU area. The establishment of such measures necessarily ends at the normative level by thetransformation of public finance law of states. The compliance with community budget discipline goes through self-discipline that states must self-impose in the management of their public finances. This new community power has an effect on national finance through their content, their public policy choices and management techniques. The aim of this study is to take an interest in one of the determining transformations factors of national public finance management systems in the states members of the WAEMU area
Bilodeau, Valérie. "Démocratiser sous ajustement au Bénin : comment la dépendance économique hypothèque la consolidation démocratique." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15091.
Full textDompierre-Major, Laurence. "Impact de la crise économique de 2008-2009 sur le modèle de développement proposé par les institutions financières internationales en Afrique subsaharienne : rupture ou continuité?" Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4580/1/M12387.pdf.
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