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Journal articles on the topic 'Al (Aluminum)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Sergeyev, D. M., and S. K. Kutshanov. "About resonance tunneling of quasiparticles through nanocontact «aluminum – aluminium oxide – aluminum» at low temperatures." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics Series" 86, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2017phys2/21-29.

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2

Edigarov, V. R. "Surface Friction-Electric Treatment of Aluminum Alloys." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 10 (727) (November 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-10-47-53.

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This paper examines a combined friction-electric treatment of surface layers of machine parts made of aluminums alloys. The temperature released during the friction process is the main technological factor of the treatment, and the heat released during the passage of electric current through the local volume of friction-thermal action is an additional heat source. The paper presents the results of studying a surface modification method involving friction-electric treatment of aluminium alloys with reinforcement by aluminium oxide particles under varied technological conditions: density of electric current, pressing force of the tool, shape of the tool working zone and speed of treatment. A hard alloy tool with high temperature resistance was used as a tool for friction-electric treatment. The tool was installed in a mandrel of a special design allowing supply of a modifier representing a mixture of aluminum oxide particles with a surfactant to the treatment zone. Using the friction-electric treatment of the surface layer of samples with reinforcement by aluminum oxide particles it was possible to increase the surface hardness by about 30–40 % and thickness of the hardened layer by 3–5 times due to the local deformation and passage of electric current through the treatment zone, and to improve wear resistance of the surface layer.
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3

Prasetya, Andreas Yoppy Aprianto, and Isdiriayani Nurdin. "Korosi Alumunim dalam larutan asam sitrat." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 11, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2012.11.2.8.

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The corrosion of Allumunium in citric acid sollutionCitric acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used as an additive in the beverage industry. Aluminum cans are often used as a beverage packaging due to its lightweight, space efficient, and low production costs. Contact between citric acid and the aluminum cans may cause corrosion reactions that lead contamination of beverages by corrosion products. This study aims to test the aluminum resistance against citric acid at the concentration of 1, 2, and 4 %-wt, and temperature of 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. The specimen used is a 1 cm2 aluminum plate with a purity of 99.07%. The experiment consists of aluminum corrosion rate measurements using the Tafel method and aluminum corrosion mechanism prediction using cyclic-voltammetry method. The research results show that aluminum is corroded into Al3+ by citric acid solution in a one-stage reaction with activation energy of 65.01 kJ/mol. The corrosion products are not stable, it forms amorphous aluminum salts. The aluminum corrosion rate increases with rising citric acid concentration and temperature that can be classified in "negligible" to "medium" category.Keywords: aluminum, citric acid concentration, corrosion, temperature AbstrakAsam sitrat merupakan asam karboksilat yang banyak digunakan sebagai aditif pada industri minuman. Kaleng aluminium sering dipakai sebagai kemasan minuman karena sifatnya yang ringan, efisien ruang, dan biaya produksinya rendah. Kontak asam sitrat dengan kemasan berupa kaleng aluminium dapat menyebabkan reaksi korosi yang berujung kontaminasi produk korosi terhadap minuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketahanan aluminium terhadap korosivitas asam sitrat pada konsentrasi 1, 2, dan 4 %-b, serta temperatur 40 °C, 50 °C, dan 60 °C. Logam yang digunakan merupakan pelat aluminium dengan kemurnian 99,07% dan luas permukaan 1 cm2. Penelitian mencakup pengukuran laju korosi aluminium dengan metoda Tafel dan prediksi mekanisme korosi aluminium dengan metoda voltametri siklik. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa aluminium terkorosi dalam larutan asam sitrat menjadi Al3+ dengan satu tahap reaksi searah dan energi aktivasi sebesar 65,01 kJ/mol. Produknya bersifat tidak stabil, langsung membentuk garam aluminium amorf. Laju korosi aluminium meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi asam sitrat dan temperatur, termasuk golongan korosi “dapat diabaikan” hingga “sedang”.Kata kunci: aluminium, konsentrasi asam sitrat, korosi, temperatur
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4

Mohamed, M. A., M. E. Kassim, and E. A. El-katatny. "Optimization of the extraction of aluminum sulfate and ammonium aluminum sulfate alums from aluminum dross tailings." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 4 (April 1998): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0149.

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Aluminum dross tailings, an industrial waste from the Egyptian Aluminium Company (Egyptalum), were used to produce two types of alums, namely, aluminum sulfate alum and ammonium aluminum alum via two separate processes. The first process involved leaching the impurities using dilute H2SO4 at different solid/liquid ratios and temperatures in the form of soluble sulfates. Some dissolved aluminum was recovered as ammonium aluminum sulfate. The second process involved extraction of aluminum sulfate from the purified dross produced after leaching. This was carried out under atmospheric pressure using different concentrations of H2SO4. Influence of temperature, time of reaction, and acid concentration on leaching and extraction processes were studied. X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, and thermal analysis techniques were used.
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5

Alekseev, A. V., V. V. Strekalov, A. A. Khasin, and M. R. Predtechensky. "Effect of carbon nanotubes and oxide nanofibers on mechanical properties of aluminum AD0 after cold working and annealing." Perspektivnye Materialy 4 (2021): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-4-56-66.

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Cast aluminium composite materials based on AD0 aluminium, reinforced with carbon nanotubes and aluminium oxide nanofibers are obtained. It is shown that the additives of 0.05 wt % of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and aluminum oxide nanofibers (AONF) allow increasing ultimate tensile strength of cast metal by 15 % and 16 % respectively. Strengthening of the metal is maintained after cold deformation and annealing. Aluminum AD0 with additives SWCNT or AONF retains high strength after annealing, while aluminum without additives is significantly weakened, this allows to obtain annealed aluminum wire, with a strength limit of 54 – 69 % and yield strength of 53 – 78 % higher than that of metal without additives. The influence of SWCNT and AONF on the size of aluminum grain AD0 in the cast state, after cold deformation and annealing has been studied. Nano-additives have been found to inhibit the growth of metal grains at the stage of collective recrystallization, as well as to influence the process of primary recrystallization of aluminum.
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6

Kucharčík, L., M. Brůna, and A. Sládek. "Influence of Chemical Composition on Porosity in Aluminium Alloys." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0026.

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Abstract Porosity is one of the major defects in aluminum castings, which results is a decrease of a mechanical properties. Porosity in aluminum alloys is caused by solidification shrinkage and gas segregation. The final amount of porosity in aluminium castings is mostly influenced by several factors, as amount of hydrogen in molten aluminium alloy, cooling rate, melt temperature, mold material, or solidification interval. This article deals with effect of chemical composition on porosity in Al-Si aluminum alloys. For experiment was used Pure aluminum and four alloys: AlSi6Cu4, AlSi7Mg0, 3, AlSi9Cu1, AlSi10MgCu1.
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7

Yue, Qiang, Zaidong Fan, Chao Zhang, Fen Liu, Heming Wang, and Fengrui Jia. "Development and Evolution of Aluminum Industry in China Based on Aluminum Flow Analysis." Journal of Systems Science and Information 4, no. 3 (June 25, 2016): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2016-212-11.

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AbstractThe whole process of aluminum cycle consists of four stages: Production of alumina and primary aluminum, fabrication and manufacture of aluminum products, use of aluminum final products, and recycling of obsolete aluminum products. Aluminum cycle in China in 2011 was analyzed using alumium flow diagram, and the following indices were obtained: The resource self-support ratio of alumina, aluminum and the whole aluminum industry were 53.18%, 95.58% and 54.85%, respectively; self-produced and net imported aluminum scrap use ratios of the aluminum industry were 4.68% and 7.98%, respectively. Aluminum cycles and aluminum flow indices in China of the year 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008–2010 were also analyzed. It was found that from 1990 to 2011, imported Al-containing resources increased and imported bauxite has increased significantly since 2005. Resources self-support ratio of aluminum industry changed gradually from fully self-support to depencdent on the imports of raw materials. Self-produced auminum scrap use ratio presented downtrend basically and the imported aluminum scrap use ratio was greater than self-produced aluminum scrap use ratio after 1995.
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8

Wongpreedee, Kageeporn, Panphot Ruethaitananon, and Tawinun Isariyamateekun. "Interface Layers of Ag-Al Fusing Metals by Casting Processes." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.341.

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The materials of fusing metals commercially used in the jewelry niche marketing is seen as precious metals. An innovation of fusing metals searched for new materials to differentiate from the markets for mass production. In this research, it studied the bonding processes of silver and aluminium metals by casting processes for mass productions. The studies had been varied parameters on the types of aluminium and process temperature controls. This research had used two types of aluminium which were pure aluminium 99.99% and aluminum 5083 alloys bonding with pure silver 99.99%. The temperatures had been specified for two factors including casting temperature at X1, X2 and flasking temperature at Y1, Y2. From the results, it was found that the casting temperature at 730°C and the flasking temperature at 230 °C of pure silver-aluminum 5083 alloys bonding had the thinnest average thickness of interface at 427.29 μm. The microstructure of pure silver-aluminum 5083 alloy bonding was revealed eutectic-like structures at the interfaces. The EDS analysis showed the results of compounds at interface layers of Ag sides giving Ag2Al intermetallics on pure silver-aluminum 5083 alloy bonding unlike pure silver-pure aluminium bonding giving Ag3Al intermetallics.
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9

Shen, Yang, Yu Zhong Ruan, Yan Yu, and Yun Hong Zheng. "Synthesis of Aluminium Titanate Ceramics from Waste Sludge of Aluminium Factory." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1538.

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Aluminium titanate was synthesized using waste aluminium sludge and chemical pure TiO2 powder as raw materials. Effect of different compositions on crystal structure and contents of target product was discussed. XRD results showed that four crystal phases, aluminium titanate, perovskite, rutile and aluminum oxide, are formed in the sintered samples. The content of aluminium titanate increases first and then decreases with the decrease of the content of waste aluminum sludge. When the content of the sludge is 65.52wt%, the content of aluminium titanate reaches the maximum of 86.1wt%.
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10

Astashov, A. G., A. V. Samokhin, N. V. Alekseev, V. A. Sinayskiy, Yu P. Kalashnikov, and Yu V. Tsvetkov. "Synthesis of Al-B system nanostructures by interaction of disperse aluminium with boron and diborane in arc discharge plasma." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment, no. 3 (2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2020-3-11-18.

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Experimental studies of aluminium boride synthesis as a result of interaction of disperse aluminum with diborane B2H6 and disperse boron in a flow of thermal plasma of different composition generated in electric arc plasma torch have been carried out. Experimental work on the synthesis of aluminium boride nanoparticles from elements (a mixture of disperse aluminum and boron) has shown the possibility of obtaining in thermal plasma arc discharge of such phases of the boride as AlB12 and AlB31. The specific surface of the powders obtained is from 3 to 27 m2/g. According to X-ray phase analysis, the powders obtained, except for aluminum boride phases, also contain boron, aluminum, aluminum nitride and boric acid phases. The greatest yield of aluminum boride phases is provided by using the nitrogen plasma with hydrogen and enthalpy 4.5 kWt∙h/m3 in the reactor with increased high-temperature zone. The use of gaseous diborane made it possible to eliminate restrictions on the evaporation of boron particles but did not provide an opportunity to obtain aluminum borides in the plasma-chemical process. It was concluded that it is necessary to perform quenching of high-temperature gas flow containing boron and aluminum vapor to form aluminum borides from the gas phase in plasma-chemical synthesis. Such an approach should ensure that the temperature is reduced to the values at which aluminum borides are stable and that the formation of aluminum boride nanoparticles will occur as a result of condensation from the gas phase under these conditions.
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11

Yao, Guang Chun, Huan Liu, and Bin Na Song. "The Progress in Aluminum Foam Research in China." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.253.

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The aluminum foam materials have studied for the last 15 years in China, from laboratory experiments to industrialized scale. we can manufacture 800mm×2000mm aluminum foam board products. The essential parameters of our aluminum foam product are as follows, density: 0.3~0.6g/cm3; porosity: 77%~88%; pore diameter 5MPa. Some properties of aluminium foam materials were studied such as sound absorption, energy absorption, impact bending strength of aluminum (steel) plate/Al foam sandwich, etc.
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12

Ichikawa, Junichi, Tatsuro Hayashida, and Shinsuke Suzuki. "Compressive Properties of Porous Aluminum Alloy Fabricated by Joining Pipes and Melt through Continuous Casting." Materials Science Forum 761 (July 2013): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.761.151.

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A porous aluminum alloy was fabricated by joining pure aluminum pipes and Al-13mass% Si melt through continuous casting. Compressive tests were carried out with test specimens of the porous aluminum alloy fabricated by this method, non-porous aluminum alloy fabricated by continuous casting using Al-Si melt, and porous aluminum alloy consisting of only Al-Si fabricated by drilling non-porous Al-Si bar. From the compressive tests, it was confirmed that specific proof strength of the porous aluminum alloy fabricated by joining pipes and melt can be described by rule of mixture of Al-Si base metal, pure aluminium pipes and pores.
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13

Zhou, Jia, Jun Ping Zhang, and Ming Tu Ma. "Study on the Formability of Aluminium Alloy Sheets at Room and Elevated Temperatures." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.393.

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This paper presents the main achievements of a research project aimed at investigating the applicability of the hot stamping technology to non heat treatable aluminium alloys of the 5052 H32 and heat treatable aluminium alloys of the 6016 T4P after six months natural aging. The formability and mechanical properties of 5052 H32 and 6016 T4P aluminum alloy sheets after six months natural aging under different temperature conditions were studied, the processing characteristics and potential of the two aluminium alloy at room and elevated temperature were investigated. The results indicated that the 6016 aluminum alloy sheet exhibit better mechanical properties at room temperature. 5052 H32 aluminum alloy sheet shows better formability at elevated temperature, and it has higher potential to increase formability by raising the temperature.
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14

Han, Yu, Bao An Chen, Zhi Xiang Zhu, Dong Yu Liu, and Yan Qiu Xia. "Effects of Zr on Microstructure and Conductivity of Er Containing Heat-Resistant Aluminum Alloy Used for Wires." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.205.

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It has particular heat-resistant property and conductivity of high-conductivity heat-resistant Aluminium alloys, which would be wildly applied in transmission and transformation flied. Al-Er-Zr alloys containing different content of Zr were prepared. The effect of Zr on microstructure of heat-resistance Aluminum alloy were studied by using of STEM, and thermodynamic behavior of Zr in Aluminium alloy was analyzed based on the theory of alloy phase formation. The results showed that the effect of Zr content on the grain size of heat-resistant aluminum alloy was remarkable, and the conductivity of heat-resistance Aluminum alloy was influenced.
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15

Chen, Ting Yi, Wen Lu, Wei Liu, Ya Dian Xie, and Ye Qi Fu. "Preparation of Purity Al2O3 for LED Sapphire Materials by Ammonium Aluminum Sulfate and its Performance." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.50.

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The preparation of aluminium sulfate adopting the sulfuric acid heating method with Al (OH)3 as raw material, and join the β complexing agent in aluminium sulfate solution to remove impurities; ammonium aluminum sulfat is prepared by the reaction of the ammonium solution and aluminum sulfate, and purify ammonium aluminum sulfate to get high purity ammonium aluminum sulfate crystals containing crystal water. Purify the crystallization of ammonium aluminum sulfate with containing water treated at 1250 °C for 3 h. Then the high purity alumina was prepared. Break the high purity alumina to press, and then again process in 3 h under 1650 °C, get Al203 which is craw materials of sapphire crystal LED. The samples were characterized by atomic absorption spectrum (AAS), differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), scanning electron microscopy, XRD and chemical analysis. The purity of high purity alumina is 99.991%, which will be applied to the LED manufacturers on sapphire artificial sapphire growth test.
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16

Salah, EI, TEM Eltayebb, MK Sabahelkhier, and HM Abuseif. "Detection of lead (pb) and aluminum (Al) metal as contaminant in food prepared by using locally manufactured cooked pots (Hala) in Kosti City, Sudan." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12621.

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The objectives of this study are to assess the quantities of Aluminu m; lead released into the food from locally manufactured cooked pots (Aluminium pots) in Kosti market. Seven types of pots (Pistons, Cartels, Kettles, Kettles + trays, Pepsi cans, Atmonia and Steel) which is locally manufactured cooked pots (Hala) were used. Amount of Al and Pb that leaked into the food from locally manufactured cooked pots were assessed by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results were indicated that highly significance amount of Aluminum and lead which were leaked into the food that prepared by locally manufactured cooked pots (Hala).The analysis of urine for 10 selected randomly individuals that used locally manufactured cooked pots (Hala) for preparation their food were indicated highly amount of Aluminum and Lead in their urine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12621 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 19-26
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17

Karengke, Mathius, Triyono Triyono, and Agus Supriyanto. "PENGARUH CU TERHADAP REAKSI ANTARMUKA BAJA DAN ALUMINIUM DENGAN PERLAKUAN DIFUSI." ROTASI 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.16.3.1-9.

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Nowadays, developing vehicle is made as light as posible with the purpose to reduce energy consumption. For this reason, material that can be used is aluminium that has light weight and non corrosion properties. Aluminum structure will be not strong enough, it still need another material like steel to make it stronger and stiffer. Joining aluminum to steel has problems because of very low solubility, thus it requires other material as its medium in which it accelerates promoter solubility aluminum to steel. In this study, mixture of Fe and Cu powder was used as promoter material or filler in the process of diffusion welding of aluminium and steel.. The good results diffusion between the steel with aluminum filler hence the need for variation of Fe and Cu. Aluminum and steel welding process with adapting diffusion treatment will produces intermetallic layer. Intermetallic layer was formed from the fussion among two different material, and it made new compound. This research showed some different solubility level of aluminum in steel in every variation of filler composition. The highest solubility ratio of aluminum in steel was 0.4 which reached in the specimens with filler composition of 40% Fe,60% Cu and 60% Fe,40% Cu.
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18

Hodsman, A. B., and B. M. Steer. "Serum aluminum levels as a reflection of renal osteodystrophy status and bone surface aluminum staining." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2, no. 8 (February 1992): 1318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v281318.

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Twenty eight (14%) out of 196 patients in a regional dialysis population were found to have serum aluminum levels greater than or equal to 5 mumol/L or 135 micrograms/L; 21 consented to undergo a bone biopsy to identify the spectrum of renal osteodystrophy associated with this degree of hyperaluminemia. Both the Aluminon reagent and the acid solochrome azurine (ASA) stain were used to identify aluminum deposits. A control group of 13 patients with biochemical and histological evidence of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism was used to contrast the measured parameters of bone histology in the hyperaluminemic group. Al(OH)3 was used as the principal phosphate binder in all patients. In the hyperaluminemic group, 67% had either dialysis osteomalacia or aplastic bone lesions, and all except one aplastic lesion were positive for bone surface aluminum deposits by the Aluminon stain. The Aluminon stain was also positive in one of three cases of osteitis fibrosa and three of four mild lesions, whereas it was negative in all biopsies from the control group. However, the ASA stain was positive in all biopsies from the hyperaluminemic group and in 11 of 13 control biopsies from the patients with "pure" osteitis fibrosa. For all biopsy data from both groups, there were significant (P less than 0.01) negative correlations between the ASA-stained surface aluminum deposits and resorption indices (total eroded surface, r = -0.68; surface osteoclast counts, r = -0.53) and indices of bone formation (surface osteoblast counts, r = -0.61; mineral apposition rate, r = -0.63; bone formation rate, r = -0.69). These correlations were not significant for Aluminon-stained surface deposits with the exception of the bone formation indices, which had lower correlation coefficients (r = -0.44). These data suggest that hyperaluminemia greater than or equal to 5 mumol/L has a predictive value to identify impaired mineralization in dialysis patients that is high enough to affect clinical decision making. However, the more sensitive ASA stain identifies surface aluminum across the whole spectrum of renal osteodystrophy and is consistent with a toxic role for aluminum at any level of exposure.
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19

Liu, Yang, Jingxuan Zhang, Zhibo Li, Qi Liu, and Guofeng Wang. "Numerical simulation and experimental research on hot extrusion of 5B70 aluminum alloy complex end frame part." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 16 (March 22, 2020): 3221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220912280.

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5B70 aluminium alloy is strengthened by Sc and Zr. It has higher strength and plasticity than common aluminum alloy. Meanwhile, 5B70 aluminum alloy which is widely used as a structural material also presents some advantages, such as corrosion resistance, excellent formability, and weldability. In this study, the high-temperature deformation behavior of 5B70 aluminum alloy and the hot extrusion process of the complex end frame part were studied, and the deformation property of 5B70 aluminum alloy at elevated temperature was analyzed by the high-temperature compression test. The numerical simulation of hot extrusion of complex end frame part was carried out. Moreover, the optimal hot extrusion parameters of 5B70 aluminum alloy were obtained, and the hot extrusion property and microstructure evolution of 5B70 aluminum alloy were investigated.
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20

Wu, Ching-hsien, Celina Dobrogowska, Xin Zhang, and Loren G. Hepler. "Calorimetric investigations of Al3+(aq), Al(OH)4−(aq), and aluminium–citrate complexes at 298.15 K." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 1110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-132.

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We have combined results of earlier measurements leading to equilibrium constants for formation and reaction of aluminum–citrate complexes in aqueous solution at 298.15 K with results of our calorimetric measurements at this same temperature to obtain ΔH values for reactions of Al3+(aq) with citrate ions. Results of some of these calorimetric measurements also lead to a value of ΔH for the reaction Al3+(aq) + 4 OH`(aq) = Al(OH)4−(aq). Keywords: aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)4−(aq), thermodynamics; aluminium–citrate complexes, thermodynamics; citrate–aluminum complexes, thermodynamics; aluminum (3+, aq), thermodynamics.
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21

Jiang, Ying, Zhi Hua Xiong, and Qian Xiang. "Design of LED Integrated Package Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.1154.

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To solve the technical problem of LED chips with top and back electrodes can only forms parallel connection; this paper provided integrated packaging structure by using silver reflective layers, aluminium oxide and aluminum plate. LED chips with top and back electrodes, according to a certain permutations and combinations way, were packaged integrally on the independent silver reflective layers. The silver reflective layers were on the aluminum plate with aluminium oxide insulating layer. Studies show that when the LED chips with top and back electrodes packaged on aluminum plate with aluminium oxide insulating layer are easier to achieve parallel and series connection. Moreover, the LED integrated package devices has higher driving voltage and lower driving current than traditional LED integrated package devices with top and back electrodes. In addition, independent silver reflective layers can provide integrated package devices with a better luminous efficiency.
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22

Cao, Dan Yang, Xi Zhong Song, and Jin Hong Li. "Research on Statistical Process Control for Aluminium Electrolysis Reduction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 1839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.1839.

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In order to lower the measurement system errors in aluminum electrolysis reduction, and find out the abnormity of process parameters, this paper considered the process parameters in the production process, used mean-range control chart in statistical process control to analyse aluminium level data during aluminium electrolysis reduction, designed and implemented the statistical process control system for aluminum electrolysis reduction data, presented process improvement method for aluminium level data. Results for the 300KA aluminium electrolysis cell show the statistical process control system can ensure the stability of aluminium electrolysis pot process parameters, find out specific reasons of abnormal data, keep the material balance and energy balance, improve current efficiency, and reduce the energy consumption.
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23

Abdulkader, Niveen J., Payman Sahbah Ahmed, and Mohammed Mahdy Jabar. "Study Corrosion Behavior of Alumina Particulate / (AA6061) Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite In Marine Environment." Sulaimani Journal for Engineering Sciences 3, no. 3 (April 1, 2016): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/sjes.10034.

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24

Wang, Hong-Wen, and Ming-Ssu Chin. "Rapid Hydrogen Generation from Aluminum-Water System Using Synthesized Aluminum Hydroxide Catalyst." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 6, no. 3 (June 2015): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2015.v6.470.

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25

Yamada, Yasuo, Cui E. Wen, Tadashi Asahina, Kiyotaka Katou, Tsutomu Sonoda, and Mamoru Mabuchi. "Compressive Properties and Energy Absorption of Hollow Sphere Aluminum." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.333.

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Manufactured cellular aluminums have been developed for a wide range of automotive applications where weight savings, improved safety, crashworthiness and comfort are required. The plateau deformation behavior of cellular aluminums under compressive loading makes this new class of lightweight materials suitable for energy absorption and comes close to ideal impact absorbers. In the present study, aluminum hollow hemispheres were firstly processed by pressing. Hollow sphere aluminum samples with a body-centered cubic (BCC) packing were then fabricated by bonding together single hollow spheres, which were prepared by adhering together hollow hemispheres. Hollow sphere aluminum samples with various kinds of sphere wall thicknesses of 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm but the same outside diameter of 4 mm were investigated by compressive tests. The effects of the sphere wall thickness on the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics were investigated.
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26

Ahmad Hamdi, Amirah, Nurul Akmal Mohd Sharif, and Anasyida Abu Seman. "Dissolution Method of Aluminum Foams Containing Mg Using Carbamide Space Holder." Materials Science Forum 888 (March 2017): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.373.

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This study investigated the properties of aluminium foam containing Mg with various amount of space holder. Aluminum foam was fabricated using dissolution method with various amount of carbamide (20, 40 and 60 wt. %). Aluminum foam with 60 wt. % carbamide has the lowest density (0.68 g/cm3) and exhibited the highest porosity (74.97%). However, the results indicates that aluminum foam with 40 wt. % of carbamide have good compressive and energy absorption with acceptable density and porosity value.
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Feng, Guo, Wei Hui Jiang, Jian Min Liu, Quan Zhang, Zi Hu, Li Feng Miao, and Qian Wu. "Low-Temperature Synthesis of Magnesium-Stabilized Aluminum Titanate Powder via Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Method." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.319.

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Magnesium-stabilized aluminum titanate powder was prepared via non-hydrolytic sol-gel method using titanium tetrachloride and anhydrous aluminium chloride as precursors, anhydrous ethanol as the oxygen donor, magnesium powder, magnesium fluoride, magnesium ethoxide and anhydrous magnesium acetate as stabilizers. The effect of magnesium stabilizers on low temperature synthesis of aluminum titanate was investigated, and their role and mechanism in stabilizing aluminum titanate were also studied by XRD, FT-IR and thermal expansion dilatometer. The results show that introducing magnesium powder or magnesium fluoride can’t stabilize aluminum titanate, they also lead to the failure of aluminum titanate low-temperature synthesis at 750 °C due to its promotion of non-hydrolytic homogeneous condensation. Anhydrous magnesium acetate and magnesium ethoxide can react with aluminum alkoxide and titanium alkoxide in the precursor mixture to form heterogeneous condensation bonds, which promotes magnesium ion to dope into aluminum titanate lattice at 750 °C, and hence to improve its thermal stability.
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Morris, H. Douglas, and Paul D. Ellis. "Aluminum-27 cross polarization of aluminas. The NMR spectroscopy of surface aluminum atoms." Journal of the American Chemical Society 111, no. 16 (August 1989): 6045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00198a012.

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29

Zhang, Li Fang, Cui Zhi Dong, Hui Fang Zhang, Xiao Yan Wang, and Shu Long Ma. "Preparation of Zirconia-Aluminum Titanate Nano-Composite Powder." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.281.

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With zirconium oxychloride, aluminium sulphate and titanium oxysulphate as the basic raw materials, zirconia-aluminum titanate nano-composite powders were prepared with the liquid precipitation method. The nanocomposite powders were detected with XRD, TEM and TG-DTA.The results show that recovery ratio of zirconia and aluminum titanate precursosr is higher, with respective pH about 9.5, 5.5 and concentration of 0.1 mol dm-3 in the system. About several nanometer zirconia and 100 nanometer size aluminum titanate can be obtained when the precursors are respectively roasted at 600°C and 1000°C.
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30

Roth, David J. "The Approach to Zero Waste from Smelter and Secondary Dross Processing." Materials Science Forum 693 (July 2011): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.693.24.

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Worldwide production of aluminium continues to grow even in the past economic slowdown period, at present the annual production is at approximately 65 million metric tons per annum. The production of aluminum has contributed to about 1% of global green house gases and all industry is under pressure to reduce these emissions. The industry is also responsible for 1.0 – 1.8 million tons of dross/salt slag landfill waste per year. The percentage of aluminum recycled, (currently about one third), continues to increase and may be looked upon as a cornerstone for the reduction of green house gases in aluminum processing. Recycled aluminum needs just 5% of the energy and emits only 5% of green house gases but the re-melting of scrap aluminum produces dross that presents its own environmental problems.
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Breval, Else, Michael K. Aghajanian, John P. Biel, and Stanislav Antolin. "Structure of Aluminum Nitride/Aluminum and Aluminum Oxide/Aluminum Composites Produced by the Directed Oxidation of Aluminum." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 76, no. 7 (July 1993): 1865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb06662.x.

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32

Ennouhi, Mariem, Abdellah EL Boukili, Abderrahim El Hourch, Aicha Guessous, Abderrahim Khadir, Mohamed El Otmani, Lahcen Hasnaoui, and Mohammed El Azzouzi. "Optimization of conventional treatment of the surface water treatment plant of the city of Khenifra." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 6 (January 14, 2019): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc7619011409mea.

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Treatment of the surface water of the city of Khenifra combines a conventional treatment and a membrane process unit (reverse osmosis). The conventional treatment in question uses an aluminium base reagentin the form of Aluminum sulphate that may cause leaks of Aluminum called "residual Aluminum" in the filtered water. The objective of this work is to study the elimination of residual aluminum, resulting from the conventional treatment, for a better operation of the demineralization unit by Reverse Osmosis, located downstream. Indeed, according to the requirements of the supplier of the membranes, the residual aluminum content should not exceed 0.05mg/L. The jar test remains the most used test, at the level of the laboratories, which allows optimizing the doses of treatment reagents to be used in a treatment plant; particularly the aluminum sulfate coagulant. Trials of the jar test were performed and had been optimized by the application of Doehlert experimental design.The effectiveness of the treatment and the optimum conditions through the stages of treatment are achieved by monitoring the parameters: pH, turbidity and residual aluminum.
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33

Widiyanti, Setyo Erna. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE ALUMINUM SULFATE AND PAC (POLY ALUMINUM CHLORIDE) COAGULANT ON TELLO RIVER WATER TREATMENT." Konversi 7, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v7i1.4843.

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Abstract- Tello River water used by PT. PLN SULTANBATARA for sanitation and process water. One of the process's water is boiler feed water. River water has fluctuative characteristics depending on the season that occurs such as turbidity and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The presence of TSS in boiler feed water needs to be minimized as it can decrease boiler performance in generating heat. The concentration of TSS in river water can be removed by coagulation and flocculation method with the addition of coagulant. Excessive coagulant distribution will increase the concentration of dissolved solids (TDS) of water. Thus, it is necessary to determine the optimum concentration of coagulant based on initial TSS concentration of river water. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of Aluminum Sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) Coagulant in reducing TSS water of Tello River. The sample used in this research is Tello river water which has an initial TSS concentration of 150 mg/L. The coagulant used was Aluminum Sulfate and PAC with several concentration variation of 5% - 40% to the initial TSS concentration of river water. Analysis of TSS content of samples using Gravimetry method. The optimum concentration of coagulant Aluminum Sulfate and PAC was 35% and 25% to the initial TSS concentration of river water where the final concentration of TSS obtained was 20 mg/L and 15.5 mg/L with percent TSS removal of 86.67% and 89.6 %. Keywords: Total Suspended Solid, Coagulation, Aluminium Sulfate, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC)
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34

Widiyanti, Setyo Erna. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE ALUMINUM SULFATE AND PAC (POLY ALUMINUM CHLORIDE) COAGULANT ON TELLO RIVER WATER TREATMENT." Konversi 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31213/k.v7i1.1.

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Abstract- Tello River water used by PT. PLN SULTANBATARA for sanitation and process water. One of the process's water is boiler feed water. River water has fluctuative characteristics depending on the season that occurs such as turbidity and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The presence of TSS in boiler feed water needs to be minimized as it can decrease boiler performance in generating heat. The concentration of TSS in river water can be removed by coagulation and flocculation method with the addition of coagulant. Excessive coagulant distribution will increase the concentration of dissolved solids (TDS) of water. Thus, it is necessary to determine the optimum concentration of coagulant based on initial TSS concentration of river water. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum concentration of Aluminum Sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride) Coagulant in reducing TSS water of Tello River. The sample used in this research is Tello river water which has an initial TSS concentration of 150 mg/L. The coagulant used was Aluminum Sulfate and PAC with several concentration variation of 5% - 40% to the initial TSS concentration of river water. Analysis of TSS content of samples using Gravimetry method. The optimum concentration of coagulant Aluminum Sulfate and PAC was 35% and 25% to the initial TSS concentration of river water where the final concentration of TSS obtained was 20 mg/L and 15.5 mg/L with percent TSS removal of 86.67% and 89.6 %. Keywords: Total Suspended Solid, Coagulation, Aluminium Sulfate, Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC)
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35

Tedja, Michael, Irfan Balindo Sidauruk, and Ricky Rahmadyansah. "Perbandingan Pekerjaan Kusen dan Pintu Bahan Kayu dengan Bahan Alumunium." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v6i2.2274.

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Sills, doors and windows is one of the most important parts of the buildings, one type of building that needs them is residences. Nowadays, the development sills, doors and windows are very fast with advanced technology that expands the materials of sills, doors and windows from traditional wood materials to aluminium. The presence of aluminum material choices make the owner of the house could have a role towards sustainable concept but it is inversely proportional to the real situation in which the use of aluminum frames is widely used by the middle class and above. Yet in terms of time, efficiency and quality is still superior to aluminum frames, aluminum frames in which certain anti-termite, easier maintenance and more durable. This situation is considered as the cost of aluminum door sills and relatively expensive. With so many advantages to the frame, people should start using aluminum frames since it is reasonable to pay a higher price for longer durability.
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36

Lazarevic, Zorica, Vesna Miskovic-Stankovic, Zorica Kacarevic-Popovic, and Dragutin Drazic. "Epoxy coatings electrodeposited on aluminium and modified aluminium surfaces." Chemical Industry 56, no. 11 (2002): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0211468l.

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The corrosion behaviour and thermal stability of epoxy coatings electrodeposited on modified aluminum surfaces (anodized, phosphatized and chromatized-phosphatized aluminium) were monitored during exposure to 3% NaCl solution, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Better protective properties of the epoxy coatings on anodized and chromatized-phosphatized aluminum with respect to the same epoxy coatings on aluminum and phosphatized aluminum were obtained: higher values of Rp and Rct and smaller values of Cc and Cd, from EIS, and a smaller amount of absorbed water inside the coating, from TGA. On the other hand, a somewhat lower thermal stability of these coatings was obtained (smaller values of the ipdt temperature). This behavior can be explained by the less porous structure of epoxy coatings on anodized and chromatized-phosphatized aluminum, caused by a lower rate of H2 evolution and better wet ability.
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37

Hou, Qinghua, Raj Mutharasan, and Michael Koczak. "Feasibility of aluminium nitride formation in aluminum alloys." Materials Science and Engineering: A 195 (June 1995): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)06511-x.

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38

So, Woong-Sub, and Kyeong-Ho Baik. "Microstructural Evolution of Aluminum Nitride - Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Composite Coatings by Plasma Spraying from Different Feedstock Powders." Korean Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 2 (February 27, 2011): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2011.21.2.106.

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39

Zhou, Yu Hong, Xing Hua Guo, and Xi Jiang Han. "Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium Anode by CeCl3 in Simulated Seawater." Advanced Materials Research 281 (July 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.11.

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Corrosion of aluminium anode in the seawater will reduce the life of the aluminum-air cell. It has been recognized that addition of inhibitor into the seawater electrolyte is an effective method that may prevent the corrosion of aluminium anode.The corrosion inhibition behavior of aluminium anode after addition of CeCl3 with different concentrations in simulated seawater has been investigated in this paper. EIS results showed that there was a significant increase of corrosion resistance when the concentration of CeCl3 reached 500mg·L-1 in simulated seawater, compared to the case without inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that CeCl3 was a cathodic inhibitor in simulated seawater. SEM and XPS confirmed that the cerium oxide/hydroxide were formed at micro-cathodic areas of aluminum surface,which decreased the corrosion rate of aluminium anode.
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40

Mohanavel, V., K. Rajan, and K. R. Senthil Kumar. "Study on Mechanical Properties of AA6351 Alloy Reinforced with Titanium Di-Boride (TiB2) Composite by In Situ Casting Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.583.

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In the present study, an aluminum alloy AA6351 was reinforced with different percentages (1, 3 and 5 wt %) of TiB2 particles and they were successfully fabricated by in situ reaction of halide salts, potassium hexafluoro-titanate and potassium tetrafluoro-borate, with aluminium melt. Tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of the composite were investigated. In situ reaction between the inorganic salts K2TiF6 and KBF4 to molten aluminum leads to the formation of TiB2 particles. The prepared aluminum matrix composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron micrographs revealed a uniform dispersal of TiB2 particles in the aluminum matrix. The results obtained indicate that the hardness and tensile strength were increased with an increase in weight percentages of TiB2 contents.
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41

Alexandrovich, George, J. Raymond Edinger, Alan Hofer, and John Kuykendall. "Aluminum–aluminum oxide stylus arm." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 78, no. 4 (October 1985): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.393109.

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42

Wesolowski, Steve S., T. Daniel Crawford, Justin T. Fermann, and Henry F. Schaefer. "Aluminum monocarbonyl and aluminum isocarbonyl." Journal of Chemical Physics 104, no. 10 (March 8, 1996): 3672–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471536.

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43

Duffy, Stephen J., and Gary W. vanLoon. "Investigations of aluminum hydroxyphosphates and activated sludge by 27Al and 31P MAS NMR." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1645–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-204.

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High-resolution solid-state 27Al and 31P MAS NMR has been used to investigate the nature of aluminium- and phosphorus-containing solids formed during wastewater treatment. Although difficult to characterize by conventional techniques, these amorphous solids can be characterized by MAS NMR, providing information about their short-range ordering. In the present study, most of the solids were precipitated under conditions of high alkalinity, similar to those encountered during wastewater treatment. The ageing time of the aluminum hydroxide prior to the addition of phosphate (t1), the ageing time of the aluminum hydroxyphosphates after the addition of phosphate (t2), and the phosphorus to aluminum molar ratio were controlled while the effects of changing the parameters were examined. It was found that the aluminum MAS NMR chemical shift was related to the amount of phosphate present in the solid, which in turn was related to t1, t2, and the P:Al molar ratio. The results also lend support to the hypothesis that phosphate removal occurs through an adsorption process onto amorphous aluminum hydroxide, rather than through direct precipitation of aluminum phosphate. The increased understanding of aluminum and phosphate chemistry and the species formed during wastewater treatment will be useful in optimizing wastewater treatment processes. Keywords: aluminum, phosphate, NMR, activated sludge, wastewater treatment.
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44

Uribe, R., and C. Baudín. "Formación de titanato de aluminio por reacción en estado sólido de alúmina y titania." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2000): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2000.v39.i2.867.

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45

Yang, T., Y. Ding, Y. Zhu, Y. Li, X. Wang, R. Yang, G. Lu, J. Qi, and Y. Yang. "  Rhizosphere bacteria induced by aluminum-tolerant and aluminum-sensitive soybeans in acid soil." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 6 (June 18, 2012): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/652/2011-pse.

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Rhizosphere microbial communities play a major role in multiple soil functions. The aim of this study is to assess the relation of bacteria and organic acids in rhizosphere soil and community function induced by soybean genotypes, BX10 [aluminum (Al)-tolerant soybean] and BD2 (Al-sensitive soybean). Organic acid analysis in the rhizosphere soil indicates that BX10 increased the concentration of citric acid, whereas BD2 decreased it; malic acid was only found in the rhizosphere soil of BX10. Redundancy analysis results also showed that the two soybean genotypes induced distinct rhizosphere microbial communities, and citric acid and malic acid had a significantly positive correlation with rhizosphere bacteria of BX10. The community level physiological profiling showed that BX10 might have more influence than BD2 on the ability to metabolize organic C substrates. Sequence analysis indicates that two soybeans stimulate some rhizobacteria, such as species of Acinetobacter, Candidatus Amoebinatus, and uncultured proteobacterium. This study revealed that rhizobacteria of two soybeans may be related to their organic acid exudation.    
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46

Zhu, Ji Hua, Miao Chang Zhu, Liang Liang Wei, Wei Wen Li, and Feng Xing. "Bond Behavior of Aluminum Laminates in NSM Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1053.

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An attempt was made to replace the commonly used Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) with aluminium alloy in NSM technique. This paper presents experimental investigation of interfacial bond behavior between NSM aluminium laminates and concrete structures. Aluminum laminates were mounted into premade slit of concrete with epoxy resin. Test results show that both maximum applied force and ductility of NSM reinforced specimens can be effectively improved by increasing bond length and width of aluminium laminates, whilst almost no change was found in average bond strength at the same time. Besides, the loaded end slip of specimen, corresponding to the maximum applied force, was mutually influenced by bond length and width of aluminium laminates. Furthermore, the measured strain distribution of aluminium laminates along the direction of bond length of specimen was found to be similar to that of FRP in NSM technique.
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47

Zhao, Zeqiong, Emma J. Willard, Hui Li, Zongkai Wu, Ricardo H. R. Castro, and Frank E. Osterloh. "Aluminum enhances photochemical charge separation in strontium titanate nanocrystal photocatalysts for overall water splitting." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 33 (2018): 16170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05885g.

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48

Jia, Zhi Hong, Ming Ze Ma, Liang Xu, Dao Cun Xie, and Yu Tao Zhao. "Effect of Segregation Purification Process on Content of Impurity Elements in High Purity Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.71.

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Because of high purity aluminum’s excellent performance in the electronics industry, it has become more and more popular. Aluminum purification technology is the key to the development of high-purity aluminum, in this paper, through self-purification equipment and directional solidification method to explore the effect of k0to the element purification rate during the produce of high-purity aluminum. Found that when k0is less than 1, the smaller the value is, the better the purification is.
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49

Darnas, Yeggi. "EKSTRAKSI ALUMINIUM DARI TANAH LEMPUNG GAMBUT SEBAGAI KOAGULAN CAIR." Jurnal Dampak 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/dampak.10.1.11-19.2013.

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ABSTRAKAluminium adalah bahan utama yang terkandung dalam koagulan yang umum digunakan dalam proses koagulasi. Aluminium merupakan kandungan elemen ketiga terbesar yang terdapat pada lapisan kulit bumi, yang terdapat dalam mineral, bebatuan dan tanah liat, seperti tanah lempung gambut yang mengandung garam aluminium, telah dapat dijadikan koagulan bantu. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan dengan mengekstraksi aluminium yang terkandung dalam tanah lempung gambut yang mengandung 18,78% Al2O3 dijadikan kogulan pengganti (PAC) untuk menurunkan zat organik alam pada air gambut. Hal yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah dihasilkannya koagulan cair dari tanah lempung gambut yang ada di Indonesia. Koagulan cair diekstraksi dari tanah lempung gambut dari Kalimantan Selatan dengan menggunakan pelarut asam sulfat (H2SO4). Untuk mendapatkan Al2O3 dari tanah lempung gambut tersebut, tanah dikalsinasi dan diekstraksi. Proses pengaktifan Aluminium dari tanah dipengaruhi oleh ukuran butiran tanah, temperatur kalsinasi dan waktu kalsinasi. Untuk proses leaching dipengaruhi konsentrasi dan jumlah H2SO4 dalam kondisi mendidih.Kata kunci: asam sulfat, ekstraksi, kalsinasi, koagulan cair, tanah lempung gambut. ABSTRACTAluminum is the primary material contained in commonly used coagulant in the coagulation process. Aluminum is the third largest content of elements found in the earth's crust in the form of minerals, rocks and clay. Peat loam soil is one of the class that contains of aluminum salts and can be used as coagulant aids. In this research, further development by extracting aluminum contained in peat clay. In which the aluminum in the form of 18.78% Al2O3 on clay peat coagulant used as a substitute for the (PAC). The aim of this research was the production of liquid coagulant of clay peat in Indonesia. This liquid coagulant extracted from peat loam soil of South Kalimantan using sulfuric acid solvent (H2SO4) with a concentration of 40%. To obtain Al2O3 from the peat loam soil, the soil had to be calcinated and extracted. The aluminum activating processes of soil was influenced by soil particle size, temperature and duration of calcination. Meanwhile the leaching process was affected by the amount and concentration of H2SO4 in boiling conditions.Keywords: calcinations, extraction, liquid coagulant, sulfuric acid, the clay peat
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50

Niu, Hui Jun, Zhi Yi Zhang, Wei Guo, Yi Xue, and Zhen Xing Yao. "Mechanical, Morphological and Thermally Behaviors of Natural Rubber/Aluminum Powder Composites." Key Engineering Materials 501 (January 2012): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.501.289.

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Different content of aluminum powder was mixed into natural rubber. Aluminum powder was modified by different coupling agents via wet method, and the modified aluminum filler/NR composite was prepared. The mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and thermogravimetric analysis of the composites was investigated. The results showed that the best physical properties and thermal conductivity of composites were achieved with saline coupling agent Si-69, and Thermo decomposing temperature of 3%TM-38S matching composites improved evidently. SEM test indicated that boundary surface of aluminium fillers and rubber was obviously improved when aluminum powder was modified by coupling agent, which would result in preferable mechanical property. The result of Thermogravimetric analysis showed that after aluminum powder filler was modified by three coupling agents, thermo decomposing temperature and hot lost weight of composites rose obviously. With the increase of Al powder content the thermal conductivity improved greatly, Thermal conductivity of Al/NR composites lay between 0.25 and 0.47 W·m-1·K-1.
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