Journal articles: 'Al-Hind'

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Yeaqub, Md. "Musykilat Ta'lim al-Lughah al-Arabiyah Li Thullab Bengal al-Gharbiyah Fi al-Hind Wa Thuruq 'Allajuha." Arabiyatuna : Jurnal Bahasa Arab 4, no. 1 (May 8, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jba.v4i1.1210.

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The issue in this research what is the evidence of the various difficulties of the Arabic language for West Bengal students, it is the language full of words that suit the conception of its construction. It has become necessary to facilitate the teaching of the Arabic language; it is a difficult language, as educators believe that the difficulty of learning Arabic is a serious problem especially for non-Arabic speaking students. The method used in this research is the qualitative method. The state of West Bengal in India is a non-native speaking country, so this article discusses the idea of discovering the true and accurate causes that astrology student’s encounter in speaking, reading and writing, and the difficulty lies in the methods and technical process in teaching. But through research and study, it is possible to reach several ways to teach the Arabic language in a short time and in a reasonable way and to analyze the language treatment appropriate to their weakness. The difficulty of learning Arabic differs according to the age of the students in their environment in which they live while learning the language. Besides, the difficulty also differs in different phonetics, semantic, grammatical, morphological, and lexical. One of the most important problems facing non-Arabic speaking students when learning Arabic is that it is affected by its mother tongue, just as Bengalis are affected in Bengali and Hindi, which creates a barrier in the teaching of the Arabic language, and finally, solutions, suggestions and recommendations that are involved in overcoming these problems are dealt with. However, this study will focus on some of the problems that non-Arabic speaking students in West Bengal state in India face when learning Arabic. Then we will try to explain and develop the appropriate treatment for them.

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Abd Hamid, Samsuddin, and Khadijah Mohd Hambali @ Khambali. "Pemerkasaan Keharmonian Masyarakat Beragama: Rujukan Pendekatan al-Biruni Berdasarkan Karyanya Kitab Al-Hind." Jurnal Akidah & Pemikiran Islam 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/afkar.vol16no1.1.

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Hew-Butler, T., K. Stuempfle, and M. Hoffman. "Reply to Letter to the Editor by Hind et al." Hormone and Metabolic Research 46, no. 11 (May 5, 2014): 821–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1374632.

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Ardi, Mohammad Noviani, Fatimah Binti Abdullah, and Shihab Al Tamimi. "Al-Biruni: A Muslim Critical Thinker." International Journal of Nusantara Islam 4, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v4i1.490.

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As an academic course, critical thinking has emerged in the last century as the one of the important subjects, especially in the second half. But as a kind of thinking and a process of the human reason, it was exist as old as mankind. What are known, nowadays, as (standards) of critical thinking or (characteristic) of critical thinker were used by some ancient Greek philosophers, e.g. Socrates, Aristotle, as well as great Muslim scholars, e.g. al-Biruni, al-Ghazali, etc. al-Biruni was known as a great Muslim scholar due to objectively scientific method in his works. Moreover, he also was famed in comparative religion which early in history of discipline of comparative religion. However, this study attempts to talk about al-Biruni, one of greatest Muslim scholar in history from another side of previously discussion. It is tries to analyze al-Biruni as a Muslim critical thinker based on his monumental work of Tahqiq ma li al-Hind min Maqulah Maqbulah fi al-‘Aql aw Mardhulah or it is known by Kitab al-Hind.

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ZHANG, DA-PENG, HAI-XIANG YIN, and ZHAN YIN. "A new species of the genus Xya Latreille, 1809 from Shandong, China (Orthoptra, Tridctyloidea, Tridactylidae)." Zootaxa 4455, no. 3 (August 3, 2018): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4455.3.17.

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The genus Xya Latreille, 1808 obtains 56 known species in the world, among them 20 species distributed in Asia and 7 species in China only i.e. Xya japonica (Haan, 1842); Xya nitobei (Shiraki, 1911); Xya manchurei Shiraki, 1936; Xya apicicornis (Chopard, 1928); Xya riparia (Saussure, 1877); Xya leshanensis Cao et al, 2017 and Xya sichuanensis Cao et al, 2018, [Haan, 1844; Walker, 1871; Saussure, 1877, 1896; Brunner von Wattenwyl. 1893; Bolivar, 1900(1899); Shiraki, 1911, 1936; Chopard, 1928, 1936, 1968; Bey-Bienko, 1967; Günther, 1974. 1980; Ingrisch, 1987; Yin et al, 1996; Murai, 2005; Yin et al, 2013; Heads & Hollier, 2016; Kuravova & Kocarek, 2016; Zhang et al, 2017; Cao et al, 2017; Cao et al, 2018; Cigliano et al, 2018]. In the present paper, we describe a new species of the genus from Junan county, Shandong province, China. The new species Xya shandongensis sp. nov. is similar to Xya japonica (Haan, 1842), but differs from latter by antennae near moniliform, length of segment 1.2 times maximum width, median and lateral ocelli placed median part of eyes, pronotum with larger yellow stripe on hind apical part of both sides, hind femur black, upper side with a yellowish-white spot at the base of 1/3 place, hind wing long, reaching the base of epiproct. Type specimens are deposited in the College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.

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Hartung, Jan-Peter. "The Praiseworthiness of Divine Beauty – The ‘Shaykh al-Hind’ Maḥmūd al-Ḥasan, social justice, and Deobandiyyat." South Asian History and Culture 7, no. 4 (September 3, 2016): 346–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2016.1223719.

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Bray, Julia. "Reading “the exotic” and Organising the Production of Knowledge: al-Tanūkhī on Indians and Their Elephants." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 71, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 833–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2017-0003.

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AbstractAl-Muḥassin ibn ʿAlī al-Tanūkhī (327–384/939–994) included a number of items about Indian elephants and Indians in his compilations of stories and anecdotesNishwār al-muḥāḍara(“The table-talk of a Mesopotamian judge”) andal-Faraj baʿda al-shidda(“Deliverance follows adversity”), both of which approach the organisation of knowledge in novel ways and on a new scale. This paper lists the items, summarises their contents, and explains al-Tanūkhī’s interest in elephants in the light of an autobiographical narrative. It then surveys the ethnology of his Indian stories, which are often told by sailors or merchants, and compares them in content and style with the sailors’ tales inAkhbār al-Ṣīn wa-l-Hind(“Accounts of China and India”), with al-Bīrūnī’s observations inMā li-l-Hind(“India”), and with an alleged shift from factuality to fabulation said to be taking place at around this time, which is exemplified byʿAjāʾib al-Hind(“The Wonders of India”). Close reading shows how al-Tanūkhī’s portrayal of elephants as rational agents of divine providence is managed, and how exotic humans are proved to play their part in God’s plan like any others. Al-Tanūkhī’s response to “the exotic” leads us to question it as a category of enquiry in the light not only of cultural studies but also of its content and of the multiple Arabic literary fields to which apparent exotica may belong. The significance of the organisation ofFarajandNishwāris reassessed. We conclude that al-Tanūkhī’s purpose in composing the works was not to impart facts as such, exotic or otherwise, or cultural judgements, but to teach people how to read stories properly so as to understand the kind of truth they convey, an endeavour which may be compared to his contemporary al-Āmidī’s systematic approach to training his readers to become critical readers of poetry.

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Snedden, W., and Michael Greenfield. "Virgins are Louder: The Effect of Mating on Acoustic Signaling in Sagebrush Crickets." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 19 (January 1, 1995): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1995.3255.

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Female sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans, feed on the male's hind wings during copulation. Because removal of hind wing material during mating may alter male acoustic signal characteristics and account for a virgin male mating advantage (Morris et al. 1989; Snedden, in press) we recorded virgin and mated males in the field, and virgins before and after surgical excision of a portion of the hind wings. We found no significant differences in signal spectral characteristics or pulse rate between virgin and mated males following hindÂwing excision. However, the signal amplitude of laboratory recorded virgins was greater than that of mated males, and song amplitude was reduced in manipulated males. In contrast, signal amplitude was lower in field recorded virgins than mated males.

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TENNESSEN, K. J. "Perigomphus angularis spec. nov. from central Ecuador (Odonata: Gomphidae)." Zootaxa 2915, no. 1 (June 13, 2011): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2915.1.7.

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Perigomphus Belle, 1972, was described as a subgenus of Diaphlebia Selys, 1854, based on a single species, P. pallidistylus Belle (1972) from Costa Rica. Belle (1972) listed a combination of features as the basis for his subgenus: pterostigma of hind wing 1/7 hind wing length, anal triangle of male hind wing 2-celled, triangles without a crossvein, top of head round and without a row of setae, and branches of epiproct widely divaricate. In the species description he stated that the longest spines on the hind femora of the male were nearly the diameter of the femur. The status of Perigomphus and a related taxon, Desmogomphus Williamson, 1920, which was also included as a subgenus of Diaphlebia, remained poorly known for nearly two decades. Belle (1988), based on information from Dr. Minter J. Westfall, Jr., recognized Perigomphus and Desmogomphus as genera distinct from Diaphlebia. Westfall (1989) described the larvae of Perigomphus pallidistylus and Desmogomphus paucinervis and the adult female of P. pallidistylus. He had reared these species in 1979 and came to the conclusion that both subgenera deserved to be elevated to generic rank. Later, Belle (1996) placed Perigomphus in the subfamily Octogomphinae, whereas Desmogomphus and Diaphlebia were placed in the Gomphoidinae. Perigomphus pallidistylus is a rarely seen Neotropical species that ranges from northern Costa Rica to southern Panama (Garrison et al. 2006). Belle (1996) speculated that the genus “possibly occurs” in Colombia and Ecuador. I discovered a second species of Perigomphus in the Amazon headwaters of central Ecuador, partly verifying Belle’s prediction; the new species fits the generic characters for Perigomphus given in the key to Gomphidae in Garrison et al. (2006).

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Winkler, B., and J. K. Margerison. "Hoof measurements and their relationship to lameness in first lactation heifers." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011194.

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A significantly greater percentage of lesions on the claws of the outer hind foot has been recorded and this has been linked to the foot and leg conformation of the cow. Claw measurements were compared to survival rates and locomotion scores (Boelling and Pollot, 1998), but few experiments looked at changes during the lactation period (Offer et al., 2000) in heifers housed in straw yards and compared them to changes in lesion scores. The aim of this experiment was to compare measurements of the front and hind claws to the incidence of lameness and the formation of lesions in the sole horn during the pre- and postpartum period in first lactation heifers housed in straw yards.

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TORRETTA, JUAN P., JOANA P. HAEDO, HUGO J. MARRERO, and CARLOS J. E. LAMAS. "New austral-most records of the genus Heterostylum Macquart (Diptera: Bombyiliidae) in Argentina." Zootaxa 4990, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4990.3.10.

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Bee flies of the genus Heterostylum Macquart are medium-sized species (10–15 mm) characterized primarily by a robust body covered with long pile and by an indented hind margin of the eye (Cunha et al. 2007). There are several studies on the immatures of some species of Heterostylum (Bohart et al. 1960; Yeates & Greathead 1997), which are considered ectoparasites of fossorial solitary bee larvae and pupae (Yeates & Greathead 1997).

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Verdon, Noémi, and Michio Yano. "Al-Bīrūnī’s India, Chapter 14." History of Science in South Asia 8 (May 14, 2020): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18732/hssa.v8i.54.

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This article provides an English translation of Chapter 14 of al-Bīrūnī's Kitāb taḥqīq mā li-l-Hind. The whole book was translated by E. Sachau (as Alberuni's India) more tha 100 years ago. Thanks to the recent works by David Pingree, especially the Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit, we can offer many improvements and additions to Sachau's translation. We focused our attention to Chapter 14 of the same book where we find much interesting information about the history of Indian astronomy and mathematics. In the Appendix we have compared the table of contents of the Brāhmasphutasiddhānta as reported by al-Bīrūnī (in Arabic) and those given in Dvivedin's Sanskrit text.

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Navajas, E. A., A. J. L. Charteris, K. A. McLean, N. R. Lambe, A. V. Fisher, L. Bünger, and G. Simm. "Association among objective in vivo and post-slaughter assessments of muscularity in lambs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009558.

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Muscularity of lamb carcasses, which is defined as the depth of muscle relative to dimensions of the skeleton (De Boer et al., 1974), is a commercially important trait in many countries. An objective index of muscularity was defined by Purchas et al. (1991) based on the weights of the muscles around a bone and the bone length. Jones et al. (2002) proposed an objective index to assess in vivo the shape of the muscle in the hind leg using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT), which had a phenotypic correlation of 0.63 with dissection measures of muscularity, as described by Purchas et al. (1991).

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Wink, André. "III. ‘Al-Hind’ India and Indonesia in the Islamic World-Economy, c. 700–1800 A.D." Itinerario 12, no. 1 (March 1988): 33–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300023354.

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In the aftermath of the Islamic conquests of the seventh and early eighth centuries the territory which came under effective domination of the caliphate extended from the Iberian peninsula and North Africa to Central Asia and into the Persian-Indian borderland of Sind which for three centuries remained its easternmost frontier. Beyond Sind a vast area was left unconquered which the Arabs calledal-Hindand which, in their conception, embraced both India and the Indianised states of the Indonesian archipelago and Southeast Asia. In the countless kingdoms ofal-Hindthe Muslims penetrated, up to the eleventh century, only as traders. By the time that Islamic power was established in North India the political unity of the Abbasid caliphate was already lost. Neither India nor Indonesia were provinces of the classical Islamic state. But in the Middle East three decisive developments had occurred and these created patterns which were to survive the political fragmentation of the empire. Most important was that a thoroughly commercialized and monetised economy with a bureaucracy and a fiscal polity had been established which continued to expand. Secondly, from the ninth century onwards, the Islamic military-bureaucratic apparatus had begun to be staffed with imported slaves on an extended scale. And thirdly, from its Arab roots the Islamic conquest state had shifted to a Persianised foundation, adopting Persian culture and the Sassanid tradition of monarchy and statecraft.

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Wester, T. J., G. E. Lobley, L. M. Birnie, and M. A. Lomax. "Insulin stimulates phenylalanine uptake across the hind limb in fed lambs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003173.

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Although insulin has been shown to stimulate muscle protein accretion in nonruminants (e.g., Wray-Cahen et al., 1998) evidence for this same effect in ruminants has been equivocal (e.g., Oddy et al., 1987; Wolff et al., 1989). Moreover, when insulin has been reported to have an anabolic effect in ruminants, the animal has been in the fasted state. In addition, Garlick and Grant (1988) have shown that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) enhanced insulin-stimulated protein synthesis in fasted rats. The primary aim of the present study was to ascertain whether insulin increases phenylalanine (Phe) uptake (used as an index of skeletal muscle protein anabolism) across the hind limb of fed lambs. A secondary aim was to determine if infusion of BCAA, alone or in combination with insulin, would stimulate Phe uptake greater than insulin alone.

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Weddle, Carie, Jamie Allen, Hilton Jones, John Sakaluk, and Scott Sakaluk. "Ingestion of Male Hemolymph by Female Sagebrush Crickets: No Evidence of Male-Derived Anti-Aphrodisiacs." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 24 (January 1, 2000): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2000.3425.

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Male sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans, offer an unusual nuptial food gift to females during copulation: females are permitted to feed on the hind wings of males and ingest hemolymph that flows from the resulting wounds. Johnson et al. (1999) showed that females experimentally precluded from wing feeding during initial copulations were more receptive to subsequent matings than females allowed to obtain a blood meal during initial copulations. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that substances contained in the hemolymph of males and ingested by females during copulation function to decrease female receptivity to further matings, and thereby constitute male manipulation. To test this hypothesis, females were allowed to mate with an initial virgin male whose hind wings had been surgically removed to prevent wing feeding. Following these initial copulations, females were fed one of the following substances: male hemolymph, female hemolymph, or cricket Ringer's solution. Immediately following ingestion of the prescribed substances, females were given the opportunity to remate with novel virgin males whose hind wings had been left intact, and their latency to remating used as a measure of their sexual receptivity. There was no significant difference in latency to remating across treatments, suggesting no effect of hemolymph ingestion on female receptivity. The disparity between the results of the previous study (Johnson et al. 1999) and those of the present one suggest that the nutritional contribution derived through wing feeding, rather than male manipulation of female receptivity via substances in the hemolymph, affect remating propensity of female sagebrush crickets.

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Al Masud, Abdullah, and Md Faruk Abdullah. "ABU RAYHAN AL-BIRUNI’S STUDY OF OTHER RELIGIONS: A CASE ON HINDUISM." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp116-132.

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Studying other religions is a legacy left by medieval Muslim scholars. As a Muslim scholar, al-Biruni’s Kitab al-Hind was a unique contribution to the study of Hinduism. This study explores al-Biruni’s approaches to studying Hinduism, culture, and civilisation by reviewing related manuscripts and literature. Al-Biruni studied the Hindu scripture in its original language. He investigated Hindu theology and philosophy, their caste system in the society, law and ethics, rituals, and festivals. In Kitab al-Hind, an entire chapter was dedicated to Hindu scriptures which included Veda and Puranas. Concerning religious beliefs and divinity, there were various perceptions between the educated and uneducated people. Murti puja was a form of worship to express love and devotion towards God. However, the educated classes considered that idols were no more than intermediaries, and the idol-worshippers were being deluded from the actual worship of God. The Hindu caste system was established upon religious foundations where every caste used to have their mode of living and daily routine. Furthermore, Hindu rules, guidelines, and religious laws were developed by divine sages called Rishis, who provided laws of murder and theft, punishment of adultery, treatment for prisoners, and inheritance law. Al-Biruni took an objective, in-depth, scientific and authentic approach in presenting Hinduism, which made his work accepted by both Muslim and nonMuslim religious scholars. It is hoped that this paper would offer new perspectives to Muslim scholars on studying other religions, which may consequently enhance religious harmony in a multireligious society. Keywords: Al-Biruni, Hinduism, religion, comparative religion, Muslim scholar. Cite as: Al Masud, A., & Abdullah, M. F. (2021). Abu Rayhan Al-Biruni’s study of other religions: A case on Hinduism. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(2), 116-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp116-132

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HUANG, MIN, and YALIN ZHANG. "A new leafhopper genus Comahadina Huang and Zhang (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) and a key to genera of Eupteryx-complex." Zootaxa 2353, no. 1 (February 8, 2010): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2353.1.7.

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Leafhoppers of the Eupteryx-complex differ from other members of the tribe Typhlocybini in having the posterior branch of hind wing vein R separate from the anterior branch of M (Young 1952). The complex now includes 9 known genera of which 5 genera, Aguriahana Distant 1918, Eurhadina Haupt 1929, Eupteryx Curtis 1833, Caknesia Dworakowska 1994, Almunisna Dworakowska 1969 and Bellpenna Chiang et al 1989, have been reported from China. Here we propose a new genus Comahadina Huang and Zhang which shares the hind wing character with other genera in the complex, based on a new species, Comahadina angelica Huang and Zhang, here designated as the type-species. The new genus and species are described and illustrated and a key to all genera of the Eupteryx-complex is provided.

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VARGA, OLEKSANDR, ALEXEY RESHCHIKOV, and FILIPPO DI GIOVANNI. "First record of the genus Brachyzapus Gauld & Dubois, 2006 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from the Afrotropical region, with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 4377, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4377.4.8.

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Brachyzapus Gauld & Dubois, 2006 is a small genus belonging to the Polysphincta genus-group of the subfamily Pimplinae, with nine known species worldwide (Uchida & Momoi, 1958; Yu et al., 2012; Pham et al., 2012). The genus can be recognized by twisted mandibles, a very weakly convex and rather long clypeus with quite well-defined angulation laterally, elongate lower face, sparse pubescence on the eyes, hind coxal cavities separated from the metasoma insertion by a very strong sclerotized bridge, and the lack of a basal lobe on the ovipositor (Gauld & Dubois, 2006).

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YANG, QIANG, VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN, and DONG REN. "New fossil Mesochrysopidae (Neuroptera) from the Mesozoic of China." Zootaxa 3597, no. 1 (December 24, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3597.1.1.

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A new genus and two new species of extinct Mesochrysopidae (Neuroptera) are described from the Mesozoic of China:Protoaristenymphes daohugouensis sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia; and Kareninoideslii gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation) of Dakangpu, Liaoning Province. The presence of CuPin one hind wing of K. lii gen. et sp. nov. is interpreted as an atavism. Armandochrysopa Nel et al. is regarded as a newjunior synonym of Karenina Martins-Neto. Armandochrysopa inexpecta Nel et al. is tentatively transferred to Kareninoides gen. nov.

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Longland, A. C., W. H. Close, and A. G. Low. "The role of the large intestine in the utilization of feeds containing non-starch polysaccharides." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020845.

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The utilization of diets high in fibre (defined here as non-starch polysaccharide - NSP) is dependent on the extent to which the NSP is fermented by the gut microflora, and the subsequent utilization by the animal of the end-products of fermentation - the VFAs. It has frequently been assumed that fermentation of NSP in the pig occurs almost exclusively in the hind-gut. However, a number of studies using pigs fitted with ileal-cannulas have suggested that some fermentation of NSP may occur prior to the hind-gut (e.g. Graham et al., 1985). The aim of this study was to determine the relative roles of the small and large intestine in a) the digestion of feeds containing non-starch polysaccharides, and b) the subsequent utilization of energy by growing pigs. This was achieved by comparing the abilities of intact or ileo-rectomised pigs to digest and grow on cereal-based diets containing 0 or 300 g/kg sugar beet pulp.

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Latief, Hillman. "Comparative Religion in Medieval Muslim Literature." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 28–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v23i4.446.

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This article investigates medieval Muslim literature on the study of non-Islamic religions through the writings of al-Biruni and al-Shahrastani in their dealing with Hind (India) and the nomenclature of world religions. I focus on their perceptions of monotheism and polytheism. My findings show that they used different approaches, categories, and classification models of world religious traditions in general, and of Hind’s religious traditions in particular. Al-Biruni classifies Indian religions according to the religious outlooks found in Hindu texts or sayings of Hindu philosophers/theologians and in the attitudes of ordinary people in a popular context. Al-Shahrastani categorizes the divisions and subdivisions of Hindu beliefs and practices according to types of “idol worshippers.” This article points out that they dealt with some conceptual issues in their presentations, such as “religious representation,” “intermediaries,” and “anthropomorphism.”

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LIAN, XIN-NENG, CHEN-YANG CAI, and DI-YING HUANG. "A new mesopanorpodid scorpionfly (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Mesozoic of Jilin Province, northeastern China." Palaeoentomology 3, no. 6 (December 21, 2020): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.6.8.

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Mesopanorpodidae Tillyard, 1918 is a small extinct family of Mecoptera described from France, Russia, China, Australia, and South Africa ranging from the Late Permian to the Late Triassic. The systematic placement of Mesopanorpodidae is debated; some suggested it as a separate family (Riek, 1953, 1976; Carpenter, 1992; Ren et al., 1995; Van Dijk & Geertsema, 1999; Hong et al., 2002; Hong & Guo, 2003; Sun et al., 2007), whereas others considered it a member of Permochoristidae Tillyard, 1918 (Martynova, 1962; Novokshonov, 2001; Novokshonov et al., 2004; Bashkuev, 2011). As all mesopanorpodids distinctly differ from Permochoristidae by their constant four-branched Rs and M in both forewing and hind wing, here we regard it as a valid family. Herein, we describe the first species of Prochoristella Riek, 1953 (Mesopanorpodidae) from the Xiaofengmidingzi Formation of Jilin Province, northeastern China.

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Latief, Hillman. "Comparative Religion in Medieval Muslim Literature." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 28–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i4.446.

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This article investigates medieval Muslim literature on the study of non-Islamic religions through the writings of al-Biruni and al-Shahrastani in their dealing with Hind (India) and the nomenclature of world religions. I focus on their perceptions of monotheism and polytheism. My findings show that they used different approaches, categories, and classification models of world religious traditions in general, and of Hind’s religious traditions in particular. Al-Biruni classifies Indian religions according to the religious outlooks found in Hindu texts or sayings of Hindu philosophers/theologians and in the attitudes of ordinary people in a popular context. Al-Shahrastani categorizes the divisions and subdivisions of Hindu beliefs and practices according to types of “idol worshippers.” This article points out that they dealt with some conceptual issues in their presentations, such as “religious representation,” “intermediaries,” and “anthropomorphism.”

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Masudi, Idris. "Islam Dibawa Masuk oleh Orang Nusantara: Dari Data Terserak Buzurgh Al-Ramahurmuzi, ‘Ajaibul Hind: Kisah-Kisah Ajaib di Daratan dan Lautan Hindi." ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for Study of Islamic History and Culture 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47776/islamnusantara.v1i1.52.

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Studies of the archipelago (nusantara) on the notes of foreign travelers written in the 9th and 10th of centuries are still quite rare. Indeed, there have been several studies on the notes of travelers such as Ma Huan (China), Tome Pires (Portuguese), Ibn Bathuthah (Arabic), and some others. But, these studies revolve around the notes of travelers after the 10th of century. Meanwhile, notes of travelers who came to the archipelago (nusantara) in the century before 10 AD have not got serious attention yet. This book is a travel note's report which captures various activities in India, China and Southeast Asia. This book also contains a history about how Islam met in the Sarandib area. There are many interpretations of sarandib accurate location today. The findings of Keram Kevonian in his research on the names of regions in the Indian Ocean region using Armenian language sources stated that Sarandib means Swarnadipa which was no other than Sumatra. Keywords: nusantara, records of travelers, islamization, sarandib Reference: Balka, Ilyas. The Geoghraphy of The Islamic Word As Seen By Ibn Khaldun. Oman: Ministry of Awqaf and Religious Affairs, t.thn. Buzurg ibn Syahriyar Ramahurmuz. Kitab Ajayib al-Hind; Barruhu wa Bahruhu, wa Jazairuhu, Penerjemah: Arsyad Mokhtar. Malaysia: Pulau Pinang-Malaysia, 2015. Fatimi, S.Q. Islam Comes to Malaysia. Singapore: Malaysian Sociological Institute, 1963. —. Two Letters From Maharaja to The Khalifah: A Study in the Early History of Islam in the East. t.thn. Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. “ Some Thought on Buzurg Ibn Shahriyar Al-Ramahormuzi: The Book of The Wonders India.” Paideuma Journal, 1982: no. 28. Hasymy, A. Sejarah masuk dan berkembangnya Islam di Indonesia. Bandung: Al-Maarif, 1981. Kevonian, Keram. Suatu Catatan Perjalanan di Laut Cina, dalam buku Lobu Tua Sejarah Awal Barus, editor Claude Gulliot, Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2015. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2015. Kratovsky, Ignatius. Istoria Arabskoi Geograficheskio Literatury, Tarikh Al-Adab al-Jugrafi al-'Arabiy, penerjemah: Shalahuddin 'Utsman Hasyim,. Teheran: Al-Idarah al-Tsaqafah, t.thn. Nurcholis, Nanang. “The Golden Triangle (India-China-Indonesia) Maritime Cultural Relations (A Critical Analysis on Kitab ‘Ajaib alHind by Buzurg Ibn Shahriyār (d.399 H/1009 M).” Proceeding of the International Seminar and Conference 2015: The Golden Triangle (Indonesia-India-Tiongkok) Interrelations in Religion, Science, Culture, and Economic. Semarang: Unwahas, 2015. Ramahurmuz, Buzurg Ibn syahriyar. Kitab Ajaib al-Hind: Barruhu wa Bahruhu, wa Jaziruhu. Paris: Leiden-E.J. Brill, 1883. Shimada, Ryuoto. “Southeast Asia and International Trade: Continuity and Change in Historical Perspective.” Dalam Paths to the Emerging State in Asia and Africa Springer, oleh Keijiro Otsuka dan Kaoru Sugihara (Ed), Chapter III. Berlin: Springer, 2019. Syakir, Mahmud. al-Tarikh al-Islamy; al-Tarikh al-Muashirah fi al-Qarah al-Hindi. Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islamy, 1991.

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SALGAR, LINA, JULIO MARIO HOYOS, and ANDRÉS ACOSTA. "New conditions and intraspecific variations in hand and foot muscles in Pristimantis bogotensis (Peters, 1863) (Amphibia:Anura: Strabomantidae)." Zootaxa 2025, no. 1 (March 2, 2009): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2025.1.5.

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Some conditions from complete dissection of hand and foot muscles of Pristimantis bogotensis (Strabomantidae) presented here have not been reported in anurans. One muscle not described before was found: the m. abductor ulnocarpalis. Muscles of the forearm, the hand, and the foot were found as exclusive characters in this species. Two minor variants (sensu Raikow et al., 1990) were identified, showing that it is important to examine hind and forelimbs of both sides of the body (left and right) in anatomical studies for detecting intraspecific variation.

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CAO, CHENG-QUAN, YAN DANG, and ZHAN YIN. "A new species and key to all known species of the genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 from China (Orthoptera: Acridoidea, Arcypteridae)." Zootaxa 4555, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4555.2.8.

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The genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 is a median genus in Arcypteridae, which contains 23 species in the world, among them 11 species distributed in China [Walker, 1870; Bolivar, 1914; Uvarov, 1931; Zheng, 1977; Liu, 1981; Zheng, 1983; Yin, 1984; Liang, 1988; Wang, 1992; Liu et Li, 1995; Ou et al, 1995; Yin et al, 1996; Zheng et Xia, 1998; Zhang et al, 2017; Feng et al, 2018; Cigliano, 2018]. A new species of the genus from Hainan, China is described in this paper. The new species i.e. Ceracris amplicornis sp. nov. is similar to Ceracris versicolor (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893), but differs from latter by antennae short, length of a segment in the middle 2.9 times its width; lateral carinae of pronotum not intact and indistinct in metazona; median area of tegmen without intercalary vein; bridge of epiphallus straight and tegmen of female short, reaching the end of hind femur only. Type specimens are deposited in the Natural Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.

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SHI, JIAN-PING, ZHAN YIN, and LI DAI. "A new species of the genus Humphaplotropis from China (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae, Pamphaginae)." Zootaxa 4378, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4378.2.10.

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A new species of the genus Humphaplotropis Xiao et al, 2013, i.e. Humphaplotropis tongbaishanensis sp. nov. is described from Henan province, China in this paper. The new species is allied Humphaplotropis xiai Zhi, Shi & Dai, 2015, but differs from latter by tegmina of male short, not reaching the hind margin of 1st abdominal tergite; base of cercus not narrow in male; epiphallus with disperse spikes, ancorae broad, both posterior projections shorter than median projection; length of subgenital plate larger than width in female and Krauss` organ of female with 20 keels. The genus Humphaplotropis Xiao et al, 2013 is a valid genus and not a synonym of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888. Type specimens are deposited in Shanghai Entomological Museum, C.A.S., Shanghai China.

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Beckemeyer, Roy J., and Michael S. Engel. "First North American species of the European genus Archaemegaptilus from the Upper Carboniferous Pottsville Formation of northern Alabama (Palaeodictyoptera: Archaemegaptilidae)." Novitates Paleoentomologicae, no. 21 (December 14, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/np.v0i21.7164.

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A new palaeodictyopteran (Palaeodictyopterida: Palaeodictyoptera) taxon is described based on a nearly complete hind wing found in the Pottsville Formation (Upper Carboniferous) of Bibb County, Alabama. Archaemegaptilus blakelyi Beckemeyer & Engel, new species, is the sixth insect genus and species described from the Pottsville of Alabama and the second palaeodictyopteran from those deposits. It is the third valid species assigned to the family Archaemegaptilidae. Previously known species are A. kiefferi Meunier, from the Commentry of France and A. schloesseri Brauckmann et al., from the Hagen-Vorhalle of Germany.

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WANG, YING, LIN WANG, and DONG REN. "Revision of genera Quadraticossus, Martynovocossus and Fletcheriana (Insecta, Hemiptera) from the Middle Jurassic of China with description of a new species." Zootaxa 1855, no. 1 (August 22, 2008): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1855.1.3.

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Four species, belonging to three known genera of Palaeontinidae (Hemiptera), are described from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. They are Quadraticossus eumorphus sp. nov., Q. fangi Wang & Ren, 2007, Martynovocossus punctulosus (Wang & Ren, 2006) Wang & Zhang, 2008 and Fletcheriana colorata Wang et al, 2006. Based on these materials, a new species is erected; line drawing of hind wing of Q. fangi is reconstructed and the diagnoses of the genera Quadraticossus Wang & Ren, 2007, Martynovocossus (Martynov, 1931) Wang & Zhang, 2008 and Fletcheriana Evans, 1956 are revised.

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Nugroho, Anjar. "DISKURSUS MUSLIM ABAD PERTENGAHAN TENTANG AGAMA DAN SEKTE." Jurnal Ushuluddin 25, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jush.v25i2.3923.

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Artikel ini mengkaji ciri-ciri risalah Muslim Abad Pertengahan tentang agama dan sekte. Sejumlah ilmuwan Muslim menulis lebih dari beberapa karya yang berkaitan dengan studi agama dan antar budaya. Namun, sebagian besar ilmuwan memiliki fokus yang sama: baik “agama Al-kitab” atau “ajaran sesat Muslim”, sementara yang lain melangkah lebih jauh dengan penjelasan mendalam tentang tradisi keagamaan Hind. Dalam membahas agamaagama alkitabiah dan ajaran sesat Muslim, kecenderungan umum, teknik, dan metode yang digunakan oleh para penulis Muslim di era abad pertengahan kebanyakan bersifat polemik dan apologetis. Selain itu, jenis informasi yang diperoleh ilmuwan abad pertengahan Muslim, menurut penulis, biasanya merupakan studi regional dan lintas budaya yang kadang-kadang mencakup diskusi mengenai gagasan keagamaan atau komunitas religius. Sejalan dengan ekspansi politik dan budaya Muslim, pengamatan para pengamat Muslim dan penulis pada saat itu tidak terbatas pada masyarakat, agama dan budaya di semenanjung Arab dan Persia, namun juga menghidupkan Hind dan bahkan China. Paling tidak, tiga kategori informasi yang berbeda dapat dilihat lebih jauh dalam karya mereka: beberapa ilmuwan Muslim menekankan apresiasi mereka terhadap studi budaya, beberapa terkonsentrasi pada laporan saksi mata mereka mengenai wilayah tertentu dan informasi geografinya, dan yang lainnya menyediakan karya ensiklopedi dan intisari

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Godin, I., C. Wylie, and J. Heasman. "Genital ridges exert long-range effects on mouse primordial germ cell numbers and direction of migration in culture." Development 108, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.108.2.357.

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The functional gametes of all vertebrates first arise in the early embryo as a migratory population of cells, the primordial germ cells (PGCs). These migrate to, and colonise, the genital ridges (GR) during the early organogenesis period, giving rise to the complete differentiating gonad. PGCs first become visible by alkaline phosphatase staining in the root of the developing allantois at 8.5 days post coitum (dpc). At 9.5 dpc they are found in the wall of the hind-gut and, during the following three days, they migrate along the hind-gut mesentery to the dorsal body wall, and then to the genital ridges. By 12.5 dpc, the great majority of PGCs have colonised the genital ridges. During this period the number of PGCs increases from less than 100 to approximately 4000. In a previous paper (Donovan et al. 1986), we showed that 10.5 dpc PGCs can be explanted from the hind-gut mesentery, and will spread and migrate on feeder cell layers. We showed also that the intrinsic ability of PGCs to spread and migrate changes as they colonise the genital ridges. In this paper, we examine extrinsic factors that control PGC behaviour in vitro. Using PGCs taken from 8.5 dpc embryos, at the beginning of their migratory phase, we show that culture medium conditioned by 10.5 dpc genital ridges causes an increase in the number of PGCs in these cultures. We also show that PGCs migrate towards 10.5 dpc genital ridges in preference to other explanted organs. These experiments show that genital ridges exert long-range effects on the migrating population of PGCs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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ZHANG, DA-PENG, CHEN LIN, and ZHAN YIN. "A new species of the genus Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Pamphagidae) from Inner Mongolia, China." Zootaxa 4544, no. 4 (January 14, 2019): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4544.4.10.

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The genus Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 belongs to family Pamphagidae, superfamily Acridioidea. It contains three species: Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888; Haplotropis xiai Ye, Shi & Li 2016 and Haplotropis zhuoluensis Ye, Shi & Li 2016 distributed mainly in Amur River region of Asia and China only (Saussure, 1888; Bey-Bienko et Mishchenko, 1951; Otte, 1994; Yin, Shi et Yin, 1996; Storozhenko & Paik, 2011; Yin et al, 2014, Dong et al, 2015; Ye et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2017; Cigliano et al, 2018). A new species Haplotropis aqiensis sp. nov. is described in this paper. The new species is similar to H. xiai Ye et al., 2016, but differs from latter by tegmina of male extending over the hind margin of first abdominal tergite slightly, length of tegmina 1.7 times width, cover 2/3 tympanum; frontal ridge of male not widened at median ocellus; length interspace of mesosternum in male equal narrowest width; apical half part of cercus suddenly tapering in male and lower margin of epiphallus without projection in the middle. Type specimen is deposited in the College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China.

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NEL, ANDRÉ, and JEAN-MARC POUILLON. "The second genus of the ‘libelluloid’ family Araripephlebiidae (Odonata, Clavilabiata)." Palaeoentomology 3, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.3.4.

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The Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation is a well-known Konservat Lagerstätte with a very rich entomofauna. The Odonata are especially very diverse and extensively studied (Bechly, 1998, 2000, 2007, 2010; Nel et al., 1998; Bechly et al., 2001; Bechly & Ueda, 2002) with representatives of all the extant anisopteran main subgroups. This fauna is especially interesting because it comprises some of the oldest and most ‘basal’ groups of the highly diverse extant ‘libelluloid’ dragonflies, or Clavilabiata Bechly, 1996. Among these, the monospecific family Araripephlebiidae Bechly, 1998 is remarkable in the highly specialized hind wing cubito-anal area that contains a curious supplementary longitudinal vein more or less parallel to AA and CuA, unique among the Odonata. Nevertheless, this family remained rather poorly known by three described specimens, only females.

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FENG, LI, NING QIAO, and HONG YIN. "A new species of the genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 from Hainan of China (Orthoptera: Acridoidea, Arcypteridae)." Zootaxa 4508, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4508.3.9.

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The genus Ceracris Walker, 1870 is a median genus in Arcypteridae, which contains 23 species in the world, among them 10 species distributed in China [Walker, 1870; Bolivar, 1914; Uvarov, 1931; Zheng, 1977; Liu, 1981; Zheng, 1983; Yin, 1984; Liang, 1988; Wang, 1992; Liu et Li, 1995; Ou et al, 1995; Yin et al, 1996; Zheng et Xia, 1998; Zhang et al, 2017; Cigliano, 2018]. A new species of the genus i.e. Ceracris jianfenglingensis sp. nov. is described from Hainan, China in this paper. The new species is similar to Ceracris n. nigrocornis Walker, 1870, but differs from latter by antennae wider, length of middle segment 3.4 times of its width; lateral carinae of pronotum almost parallel; length of interspace 1.2 times minimum width in mesosternum of male; cubital area of tegmen without intercalary vein in male; epiphallus with straight bridge and tegmen of female shorter, reaching the end of hind femur only. Type specimens are deposited in the Natural Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.

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Hoare, R. D., and Babak Aghababalu. "Large Devonian and Mississippian rostroconchs (Mollusca) from Iran." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 5 (September 2001): 1047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000039937.

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Large rostroconchs have been described from Europe by Sowerby (1815), M'Coy (1844), Baily (1871), Halfar (1882), de Koninck (1885), Hind (1900), and Amler (1996). This report concerns the first known occurrences of rostroconchs from Iran (Fig. 1). The specimens are from the Devonian Bahram Formation (Famennian) (Dastanpour, 1996; Dastanpour and Bassett, 1998; Brice, 1999; Brice et al., 1999) and the Mississippian Mobarak Formation (Tournaisian-Vis6an) (Gaetani, 1968; Bozorgnia, 1973). The Devonian specimens were collected from limestone and argillaceous limestone associated with a diverse brachiopod fauna (Fig. 2). The Mississippian specimens were found in limestone with brachiopods, corals, and crinoids (Fig. 3).

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Hornick, J. L., A. Clinquart, C. Van Eenaeme, S. Gauthier, and L. Istasse. "Glucose, α amino nitrogen and urea uptake by hind-limb in bulls offered different amounts of concentrate." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026544.

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Aside from its function of contraction, the muscle is also a pool of mobilisable protein which may be released or stored according to the needs of the animal. An approach of this aspect can be theorically studied by measure of arterio-venous differences of plasma metabolites from blood in the muscle mass. The aim of this experiment was to study uptake of α amino-nitrogen, glucose and urea across the hind-limb of bulls from a breed with large muscle development.Three bulls from the Belgian Blue breed-double muscled type-were used. They weighed about 300 kg when an ultrasonic flow probe (Transonic Systems, Inc.,Ithaca, NY) was implanted around the abdominal aorta, back to the renal vessels, in order to measure the blood flow in the hind-leg (Eisemann et al., 1987). After an one month recovery period, circumflex iliac artery and vein were implanted with catheters. During the periods of surgery, the bulls were offered hay only at a rate of three kg daily. Ten days after the second surgery, increasing amounts of concentrate were given with the hay so that the animals received one kg concentrate on day 1 (level 1), three kg concentrate on day 3 (level 3), five kg concentrate on day 5 (level 5).

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Close, W. H., A. C. Longland, and C. E. Sharpe. "Metabolic adaptation to dietary energy source in the growing pig." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (March 1991): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600019875.

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It is now known that growing pigs can utilise considerable quantities of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in their diets (Bulman et al., 1989). These materials are fermented in the hind-gut of the animal to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) which are then used as an energy source, unlike starch from conventional cereal-based rations which is digested by the host enzymes of the animals. Little is known about how animals adjust to a sudden change in dietary energy source and the present experiments were designed to investigate the metabolic adaptations in pigs fed either a conventional cereal-based diet or one containing 300 g sugar beet pulp/kg diet.

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AL-Kahtani, Saad N., and El-Kazafy A. Taha. "Morphometric study of Yemeni (Apis mellifera jemenitica) and Carniolan (A. m. carnica) honeybee workers in Saudi Arabia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): e0247262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247262.

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The Yemeni honeybee (Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner) is the native race in Saudi Arabia. The Carniolan honeybee (A. m. carnica Pollmann) and its hybrid with the Egyptian honeybee (A. m. lamarkii Cockerell) have been imported and frequently reared in Saudi Arabia. Temperature often exceed 40 °C during the summer season in most regions of Saudi Arabia. Honeybees decrease foraging activity in this period during mid-day, which affect colony productivity. The Yemeni bee race appears well adapted to these unique climatic conditions. We compared body weight and morphometric parameters of both subspecies’ worker bees reared at the apiary of Training and Research Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa oasis of eastern Saudi Arabia. Measurements of Yemeni bee were smaller than Carniolan bee for body weight, head structures, including antenna, flagellum, and proboscis length, thorax appendages, including femur length, tibia length and width, metatarsus length and width of the right hind leg, and length and width of the right forewing and hind wing, abdominal characteristics, including the length of the 3rd and 4th abdominal tergites and sternites, and length and width of the 1st and 4th wax mirrors. It could be concluded that with the exception of the number of hamuli, worker Yemeni bee body size and morphometric parameters related to the colony productivity were smaller than Carniolan bees under environmental conditions of the study region.

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Seleznev, Nikolai. "Devatāsūtra in the Arabic Compendium of Chronicles of Rashīd al-Dīn." State Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide 38, no. 3 (2020): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2020-38-3-237-254.

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In the Compendium of Chronicles ( Jāmi‘ al-tawārīkh) of a famous medieval scholar, physician, and influential vizier at the Ilkhanid court Rashīd al-Dīn Hamadhānī (1249/50–1318) that was compiled on the basis of the works of the court historian Abū-l-Qāsim Qāshānī (died after 1323/4), one finds a History of India (Tārīkh al-Hind wa’lSind), which contains a lengthy section about the Buddha and Buddhism. Among the Arabic sources on Buddhism, this work is considered to be the most important. One of the chapters in this section is a version of the famous Buddhist sutra adapted for the Muslim reader, in which the Buddhist teachings and ethical principles are presented in the form of questions-riddles addressed by a heavenly being to the Buddha as well as his answers. The article provides a survey of various versions of this work that were in use in Buddhist cultures in the Middle Ages, as well as a comparison of the Muslim and Buddhist interpretations of this sutra presented in the Arabic version of the Compendium of Chronicles. The article is followed by a publication of the Arabic text of the sutra based on the only preserved manuscript from the London collection Khalili MSS 727, and its Russian translation.

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HUANGFU, WEI-GUO, HONG-FEI CHAI, and XUE-XIN CHEN. "The discovery of the rare genus Xyeloblacus van Achterberg, 1997 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Blacinae) in China, with description of a new species." Zootaxa 3255, no. 1 (April 3, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3255.1.6.

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The Blacinae Foerster, 1862 is a cosmopolitan subfamily of Braconidae (Hymenoptera), with five tribes and 14 genera (van Achterberg 1976, 1988). The genus Xyeloblacus van Achterberg, 1997 is the only member of the tribe Xyeloblacini van Achterberg with two known species in the world (van Achterberg and Altenhofer, 1997; Yu et al., 2005). van Achterberg and Altenhofer (1997) mentioned four important characters for Xyeloblacus as follows: the straight ventral margin of the clypeus, the crenulate anterior subalar depression, the curved vein 1-1A of fore wing, and the presence of vein 2A of hind wing. The members of this genus are parasitoids of Xyela spp. (Xyeloidea: Xyelidae) (van Achterberg and Altenhofer, 1997).

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CAO, CHENG-QUAN, SHEN-ZHI CHEN, and ZHAN YIN. "A new species of the genus Xya Latreille, 1809 from Fujian, China (Orthoptera, Tridctyloidea, Tridactylidae)." Zootaxa 4731, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4731.3.13.

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The genus Xya Latreille, 1808 obtains 58 known species in the world, among them 18 species distributed in Asia and 8 species in China only i.e. Xya japonica (Haan, 1842), Xya riparia (Saussure, 1877), Xya nitobei (Shiraki, 1911), Xya apicicornis (Chopard, 1928), Xya manchurei Shiraki, 1936, Xya lehsanensis Cao et al, 2017, Xya sichuanensis Cao et al, 2018, Xya shandongensis, Zhang et al, 2018; [Latreille, 1809; Haan, 1844; Walker, 1871; Saussure, 1877, 1896; Brunner von Wattenwyl. 1893; Bolivar, 1900(1899); Shiraki,1911, 1936; Chopard, 1920, 1928, 1936, 1968; Tindale, 1928; Willemse, 1954; Bey-Bienko, 1967; Harz, 1970, 1971; Günther, 1974, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1990, 1995, 1998; Ingrisch, 1987, 2006; Baehr, 1988; Yin et al, 1996; Murai, 2005; Yin et al, 2013; Heads & Hollier, 2016; Kuravova & Kocarek, 2016; Cao et al, 2017; Cao et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018; Cigliano, et al, 2019]. In the present paper, a new species of the genus Xya Latreille, 1809 from Fujian, China is described. The new species Xya fujianensis sp. nov. is similar to Xya lehsanensis Cao et al, 2017, but differs from the latter by head black, with a yellow band along inner margin of eye; pronotum black, with a white band on the lower margin; fore wing black, with two yellow spots near base and two yellow spots near top and hind femur black with two large yellow spots on upper side. Type specimens are deposited in the College of Life Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614004, China.

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Murray, J. M. D., and A. C. Longland. "Effect of particle size and supplemental sugar beet pulp on in vitro fermentation of high temperature dried alfalfa incubated with an equine faecal inoculum." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200005093.

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The fibrous forage high temperature dried (HT) alfalfa has been fed to horses for a number of years because of its consistently high nutritive value. It is common practise in the UK to combine HT alfalfa either chopped or in a ground and pelleted form with sugar beet pulp (SB) as this is regarded as a nutritious feed for horses. Synergistic effects of sugar beet when added to fibre-based diets have been observed in other species (Longland et al., 1994) whereby the digestibility of graminaceous forages has been increased. However, such effects have been little examined in horses and there is a lack of information in the literature on the effects of SB on the digestibility of leguminous forages. Thus, the effect of sugar beet on the in vitro fermentation of ground and chopped HT alfalfa by an equid hind-gut microflora using the pressure transducer technique of Theodorou et al. (1994) was investigated.

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Newbold, C. J., B. Macías, C. Crawford, J. Elliott, P. A. Harris, S. R. Bailey, and N. R. McEwan. "Changes in the bacterial populations in the equine hindgut following the addition of inulin to the diet." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200028556.

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Laminitis in the horse is associated with the over consumption of rapidly fermentable carbohydrate, in the form of simple sugars, fructans and/or starch. The fermentation of excessive carbohydrate in the hind-gut can result in the production of lactic acid and other toxins which in turn may act as “laminitis trigger factors.” (Crawford et al., 2007). However, whilst it is known that susceptibility to laminitis varies within the equine population, little is known about the factors governing this variation. We have previously shown that 16S rRNA t-RFLP profile from bacteria extracted from equine faeces clustered weakly into two clades representing normal versus laminitis-prone ponies suggesting a difference in gut microflora between the two groups (Newbold et al., 2008). Here we have extended this observation using real time PCR to investigate changes in the number of streptococci and lactobacilli in the faeces of normal and laminitis-prone ponies following fructan administration.

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45

Conermann, Stephan, and Andre Wink. "Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume I. Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 36, no. 3 (1993): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3632641.

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46

Lehmann, Fritz, André Wink, and Andre Wink. "Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol. 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries." Journal of the American Oriental Society 114, no. 2 (April 1994): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605863.

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47

Fisher, Michael H., and Andre Wink. "Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume 1, Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries." American Historical Review 97, no. 3 (June 1992): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2164901.

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48

Whittall, H., E. J. Mtengeti, L. A. Mtenga, D. L. Romney, and E. Owen. "Bovine or equine faeces as sources of micro-organisms instead of rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry in vitro digestibility technique for evaluating forages in Tanzania." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033857.

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Akhter et al.(1994) demonstrated bovine faeces to have considerable potential as a source of microorganisms to replace rumen liquor in the in vitro digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) for evaluating temperate gramminaceous forages, under UK laboratory conditions. In view of the difficulties and costs of maintaining fistulated animals in tropical, less-developed countries, the present study was undertaken in Tanzania to investigate the potential of bovine faeces as a substitute for rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry technique for evaluating local, gramminaceous forages. Use of equine faeces was also investigated in view of the prevalence of equines in some tropical countries. It was also hypothesised that equines, being hind-gut fermentors, would yield faeces containing more micro-organisms than faeces from bovines, with a consequent improvement in digestibility.

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MAKARKIN, VLADIMIR N., S. BRUCE ARCHIBALD, and ROLF W. MATHEWES. "New Protosmylinae (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) from the early Eocene of western North America, with taxonomic remarks." Zootaxa 4980, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.9.

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The osmylid subfamily Protosmylinae is revised based on our emended diagnosis: Petrushevskia Martynova, 1958 and Mesosmylidus Jepson et al., 2012 are excluded (both considered Osmylidae incertae sedis), and Sogjuta Martynova, 1958 is transferred to it from the Mesosmylininae. The late Eocene genus Protosmylus Krüger, 1913 is considered a junior synonym of Osmylidia Cockerell, 1908 based on a distinct apomorphy (deeply forked MA in the hind wing), syn. nov. Three new species of Osmylidia from the early Eocene of North America are described: O. donnae sp. nov. from Quilchena, O. glastrai sp. nov. from Republic, Washington, USA, and an unnamed species of Osmylidia is reported from Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park, British Columbia (all localities of the Okanagan Highlands series), and O. taliae sp. nov. from the Green River Formation of Colorado, USA.

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50

Bracco, Carolina. "The Creation of the Femme Fatale in Egyptian Cinema." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 15, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 307–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-7720655.

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Abstract The appearance of the character of a femme fatale in Egyptian cinema in the mid-1950s is deeply intertwined with the new social and moral imprint made by the Nasserist regime. At a time when women’s participation in the public sphere was regulated, the portrayal of the evil woman was intended to define how the good woman should behave as well as the terrible fate in store for those who dared to flout the limits. This evil woman was embodied in the character of the Oriental dancer who was to be seen, from that time on, as a fallen woman. This article aims to discuss the mutation of the character of the dancer from a bint al balad (lit. “girl of the country”) to a femme fatale by analyzing three films starring two icons of the time, Hind Rustum and Tahia Carioca.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Al-Hind'

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