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Journal articles on the topic 'Al-Idrisi'
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Epalza, Míkel de. "Estudio del texto de Al-Idrisi sobre Alicante." Sharq Al-Andalus, no. 2 (1985): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/shand.1985.2.22.
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Kalinina, Tatyana. "Strait of Constantinople on views Arabic medieval Scientists (before al-Idrisi)." Античная древность и средние века, no. 44 (2016): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2016.44.008.
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Abdouli, Hafed. "Le village de «Banū Ḥasan» entre les données littéraires et les données du terrain: étude préliminaire et contribution à sa localisation." Libyan Studies 43 (2012): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009869.
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AbstractBased on an analysis of the Islamic literature and a comparison with the toponyms and archaeology of the region, this article contributes to the topography of Lepcis Magna by identifying the location of the village of Banu Hassan ten kilometres to the west of Lepcis, in the territory of Silin. A survey of the site, still known as Qaryat Banū Hassan, confirms its potential as the road station mentioned by both al-Idrīsī and al-‘Abdarī, though erroneously located by al-Idrisi to the east of Lepcis.
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Kennet, D. "Some Notes on Islamic Tolmeita." Libyan Studies 22 (1991): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900001606.
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AbstractThis article presents some sherds of glazed, medieval pottery which were found on the surface at Tolmeita in the vicinity of the Headquarters of the Dux. This pottery suggests a period of occupation at Tolmeita from the tenth to the thirteenth centuries AD. There is a brief discussion of the possible role of Tolmeita as a port for Barqa's trade. Yakubi, al-Idrisi and Abu al-Fida are quoted as they all mention Tolmeita by name.
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Troutt Powell, Eve M. "From Odyssey to Empire: Mapping Sudan Through Egyptian Literature in the Mid-19th Century." International Journal of Middle East Studies 31, no. 3 (August 1999): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800055495.
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The medieval Arabic cartography of Africa outlined a paradoxical continent of facts, myth, and mystery. Ever since the great geographers such as al-Idrisi, al-ʿUmari, al-Masʿudi, and Ibn Battuta traveled to and wrote about Africa, the map of Black Africa became a combination of mystical and empirical knowledge, the result of, in the words of Paulo Fernando de Moraes Farias, “the interplay of the ideological and the cognitive.” These kinds of maps were very illustrative of certain classificatory categories in which Africans in general were known, and where cultural boundaries were drawn between more specific areas, such as Egypt and neighboring African kingdoms. Merchants and traders also contributed to the mapping of the frontier to Egypt's uppermost south, the vast territory known as bilāad al-sūdān.
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Campos, Sergio, Thiago Godinho dos Santos, Cristiane Lopes da Silva, Zacarias Xavier de Barros, and Lincoln Gehring Cardoso. "CAPACIDADE DE USO DAS TERRAS DA BACIA DO RIBEIRÃO ÁGUA FRIA – BOFETE (SP)." IRRIGA 7, no. 2 (August 17, 2002): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2002v7n2p91-97.
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CAPACIDADE DE USO DAS TERRAS DA BACIA DO RIBEIRÃO ÁGUA FRIA – BOFETE (SP) Sérgio CamposThiago Godinho dos SantosCristiane Lopes da SilvaZacarias Xavier de BarrosLincoln Gehring CardosoDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu - SP, E-mail: seca@fca.unesp.br. 1 RESUMO A determinação da capacidade de uso das terras numa bacia é muito importante para o planejamento e uso do solo, pois o uso inadequado e sem planejamento dessas terras provocam a baixa produtividade das culturas. Este trabalho visou definir as classes homogêneas de capacidade de uso da terra da bacia do Ribeirão Água Fria - Bofete (SP) para atender ao planejamento de práticas de conservação do solo desta área. A bacia situa-se entre as coordenadas geográficas 22o 58' 30`` a 23o 04' 30`` de latitude S e 48o 09' 30`` a 48o 18' 30`` de longitude W Gr., apresentando uma área de 9.180,12 hectares. A carta de capacidade de uso da terra da bacia foi elaborada a partir da carta clinográfica obtida por Santos et al. (1999), mapa pedológico do Estado de São Paulo (Oliveira et al., 1999), da tabela de julgamento de classes de capacidade de uso do solo (França, 1963) e das recomendações constantes no manual para levantamento utilitário do meio físico e classificação das terras no sistema de capacidade de uso (Lepsch et al., 1983). A discriminação, o mapeamento e a quantificação das áreas das classes e subclasses de capacidade de uso pelo Sistema de Informação Geográfica - IDRISI apresentaram os seguintes valores: IIIe,s - 517,020 ha (5,63%); IIIs - 863,150 ha (9,40%); IVe - 846,730 ha (9,23%); VIe - 871,110 ha (9,49%) e VIIe - 6082,115 ha (66,25%). Os resultados permitiram concluir que a bacia essencialmente constituída por 2/3 pela subclasse VIIe, ou seja, são terras que podem ser utilizadas por pastagens com uso moderado ou florestas, pois apresentam problemas complexos de erosão por causa de sua declividade. O Sistema de Informação Geográfica IDRISI permitiu através de seus módulos discriminar, mapear e quantificar as áreas das classes e subclasses de capacidade de uso das terras da bacia com rapidez e confiabilidade. UNITERMOS: Capacidade de uso, unidades de solo, classes de declive, bacia hidrográfica. CAMPOS, S., SANTOS, T.G., SILVA, C.L., BARROS, Z.X., CARDOSO, L.G. LAND USE CAPACITY OF AGUA FRIA STREAM BASIN – BOFETE (SP) 2 ABSTRACT The land use capacity determination is considered to be very important on land use planning, since its inadequate utilization can lead to low crop productivity. This work aimed to define the homogeneous classes of land use capacity of Agua Fria stream Basin – Bofete (SP) in order to help the soil conservation procedure planning in this area. The Basin is located from 22°58’30’’ to 23° 04’30’’ southern latitude and 48° 09’30’’ to 48°18’30’’ western longitude, in a 9180.12 ha area. The chart of land use capacity was established based on the clinographic chart by Santos et al. (1999), São Paulo state pedological map (Oliveira et al, 1999), class determination chart of soil use capacity (França, 1963) and the recommendations from the manual for physical environmental utilitary survey in the using capacity system (Lepsch et al, 1983). The determination, mapping and quantification of class and subclass areas of using capacity by the Geographic Information System – IDRISI presented the following values: IIIe,s – 517.020 ha (5.63%); IIIs 863.150 ha (9.40 %); IVe – 846.730 ha (9.23%); VIe – 871.110 ha (9.49 %) e VIIe – 6082.115 ha (66.25 %). The results allowed to conclude that the Basin is 2/3 essentially constituted by VIIe subclass, i.e., land that could be used for moderate grazing or forests, since it has complex erosion problems due to its slope. The Geographic Information System IDRISI by its modules enabled to discriminate, map and quantify the land use capacity class and subclass areas of the basin fast and reliably. KEY-WORDS: Using capacity, soil unit, sloping class, hidrographic basin.
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Klechkovskyi, Yu, L. Titova, О. Palahina, L. Pylypenko, and А. Orlinski. "Practical methodology of assessing probability of establishment of adventive plant pests." Agricultural Science and Practice 3, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp3.01.036.
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Aim. To develop practical methodology of assessing the probability of establishment of adventive pests out- side of their native range of distribution, using specialized software. Methods. International standards for pest risk analysis ISPM No. 2, ISPM No. 11, ISPM No. 21, РМ 5/1(1), РМ 5/2(2), РМ 5/3(5), РМ 5/5(1) and Agro Atlas (Afonin et al., 2008), MapInfo v.11.0 (Pitney Bowes) and Idrisi Taiga (Сlarklabs) software. Results. The presence of host-plant species range and the correspondence of ecoclimatic conditions of Ukraine (as a pest risk analysis area) to the climate indices of the current area of distribution of such pests as Oemona hirta (lemon tree borer) and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth) were studied using specifi ed software. The potential areas of establishment of these pests in Ukraine were defi ned. Conclusions. The effi ciency and convenience of me-thods of assessing the risk of establishment of adventive plant pests using Agro Atlas, MapInfo v.11.0 and Idrisi Taiga software, were proven. It was determined that a potential area of establishment of O. hirta is the sou-thern part of Odessa region, an inconsiderable part of south-west of Mykolayiv region, south-western territory of Kherson region and almost the entire territory of the Crimean Peninsula. A potential area of establishment of T. leucotreta is an inconsiderable territory of the Black Sea coast − Tarkhankut Penin- sula and Kerch Peninsula in the Crimea.
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Rahman, Mushtaqur. "A History of Arab-Islamic Geography (9th-16th Century AD)." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 4 (January 1, 1997): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i4.2223.
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“Everything you ever wanted to know about the Arab-Islamic contribution togeography (but have had no time to learn up to now),” aptly describes SayyidMaqbool Ahmad‘s A History of Arab-Islamic Geography, which is a descriptionof the Arab-Islamic contribution to geography between the sixth and nineth centuries.To the uninitiated reader, the book may seem like a spider’s web; there isa guiding thread to follow, but that thread is hard to find and easy to lose.Barring language difficulty and the insipid organization of the text, the book ismonumental. It clarifies a number of misconceptions and provides authenticdetails about Arab-Islamic geography.The book is based on over 50 years of painstaking research of Arabicpalimpsests and chronicles and their translations into English and otherEuropean languages. It was the late Professor Hamilton Gibb of St. JohnsCollege (Oxford University), a shining light among Western Orientalists, whoasked Ahmad in 1945 for research on the subject. Following his mentor, Ahmadhas done a remarkable job of distilling much of the chaotic and contentious mattersrelating to Arab-Islamic geography. Never before has anyone attempted toprovide detailed “basic data” on Arab-Islamic geography. Contrary to whatmany Western Orientalists believe, the Arabs-in addition to being inheritorsand preservers of Greek, Indian, and Persian knowledge-made significant contributionsto geography. It was partly the contribution of Nasir al-Din Tusi(astronomy), al-Battani (astronomy), Mohammed Musa al-Khwarizmi (mathematics),Ibn al-Haytham (optics), Abul-Rayhan al-Biruni (astronomy, physics),Ibn Sina (medicine), Al-Jazari (mechanics), Al-Sharif al-Idrisi (geography), Al-Masudi (geography), Ibn al-Nafis (blood circulation), Ibn Majid (magnetic compass),and others to science and technology.that motivated the IndustrialRevolution of Europe.The book is organized into two parts and twenty-two chapters to present thevast literature by subject and chronological order. Part I of the book has threesections and nine chapters, which discuss the origins of scientific geography,astronomical and philosophical literature, reports of the explorers and Arabembassies, and regional discussions. These chapters are conclusive that Arab-Islamic scientific geography began with Al-Ma’mun (813-833 AD), who establishedthe first academy, known as Bayt al-Hikmu (the House of Wisdom). As aresult, in Baghdad after the middle of the ninth century, general and descriptivegeographical works began appearing. Included in this section are also chapterson the Iraqi and Balkhi school of geography. Chapters 10 through 15 discuss theimportant regional, philosophical, and astronomical geography works whichappeared in Baghdad. lbn Khurdadbih was the fit writer on the subject andhence can be called the father of Arab-Islamic geography. His Kirub ul-Musalikwu ul-Mumulik (Book of Roads and Kingdoms) is a classic.Two appendices, one concerning the Waqwaq Islands and the other concerningModification of Ptolemy’s Geography by Al-Idrisi, are the most revealingparts of the book because the location of the Waqwaq Islands and Al-Idrisi’smodification of Ptolemy’s map have long baffled Orientalists. Waqwaq Islands(ul-Juzur al-Wuqwuq) were fit mentioned in Ibn Khurdashbih’s Kitab ul-Musulik wu a1 -Mamulik. Appendix 2, Al-Idris’s modification of Ptolemy’s map, ...
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Gómez, Laura Fabiana. "Simulación de escenarios futuros de cambios de usos del suelo usando Redes Neuronales Artificiales. Aplicación en la ciudad de Curuzú Cuatiá, Corrientes, Argentina." Estudios Socioterritoriales. Revista de Geografía, no. 28 (December 14, 2020): 054. http://dx.doi.org/10.37838/unicen/est.28-054.
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Las simulaciones de escenarios de usos del suelo futuros permiten obtener resultados que puedan convertirse en información valiosa para planificadores del territorio en tanto disminuyen el grado de incertidumbre. El objetivo del trabajo es la simulación de un escenario de usos de suelo de trayectoria lineal para el año 2030 de la ciudad de Curuzú Cuatiá, Corrientes. Factores topográficos, distancias y áreas inundables definidas por normativa vigente fueron escogidas como variables explicativas de los cambios, se utilizó un modelo basado en redes neuronales artificiales disponible en el Modelador de Cambios del Terreno (LCM) del software Idrisi Selva, junto con dos mapas de usos del suelo de cinco categorías elaborados para dos momentos del pasado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran los mapas de potenciales de transición hacia el Área Urbana Consolidada con precisiones mayores al 72%; escenarios simulados al año 2030 y se determinaron las superficies de cada categoría, encontrando aumento de la clase Urbana Consolidada. Se completó el estudio con la validación del modelo por clase, mediante la fiabilidad global y el índice Kappa.
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Hamza, Mohamed Hafedh, Ayed Added, Alain Francès, Ramiro Rodriguez, Mohamed Ajmi, and Saâdi Abdeljaoued. "Évaluation de la vulnérabilité à la pollution potentielle de la nappe côtière alluvionnaire de Meltine-Ras Jebel-Raf Raf (Nord-Est tunisien) selon les méthodes paramétriques DRASTIC, SINTACS et SI." Revue des sciences de l'eau 21, no. 1 (April 29, 2008): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017932ar.
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Résumé La nappe alluvionnaire de Metline-Ras Jebel-Raf Raf (gouvernorat de Bizerte, côte Nord Est de la Tunisie), qui occupe une superficie de 35 km2, représente une ressource économique jugée prioritaire du fait qu’elle est utilisée dans les domaines d’irrigation et de consommation domestique. L’aire de la nappe est occupée essentiellement par des zones agricoles caractérisées par une utilisation de plus en plus importante des engrais chimiques qui représentent, en plus des rejets des zones industrielles, un risque permanent pour la qualité des eaux souterraines. L’étude de la vulnérabilité à la pollution par les polluants inorganiques de cette nappe a été effectuée en appliquant les méthodes DRASTIC standard (Aller et al., 1987; Engel et al., 1996), SINTACS (Civita, 1994) et SI (Ribeiro, 2000), avec l’aide des logiciels des systèmes d’information géographique, ARC/Info et Idrisi. Une comparaison statistique des cartes de vulnérabilité obtenues a été effectuée. Cette comparaison a montré une certaine ressemblance entre les résultats obtenus en utilisant les méthodes SINTACS et SI. En revanche, la carte DRASTIC standard s’avère différente par rapport aux autres.
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Goldberg, Jacob. "The Origins of British–Saudi Relations: The 1915 Anglo–Saudi Treaty Revisited." Historical Journal 28, no. 3 (September 1985): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00003368.
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The outbreak of the First World War in Europe and the subsequent Ottoman–German alliance presented Great Britain with some severe dilemmas as to her interests in the Middle East as well. Striving to consolidate their position in the Middle East should a war against the Ottomans become inevitable, the British began to search for local allies. In the Arabian Peninsula, three rulers emerged as potential allies: the Sharif Husayn, the guardian of the Holy Places in the Hijāz on behalf of the Ottoman sultan; the Idrisi Sayyid of 'Asīr, the area south of the Hijāz and north of Yemen; and 'Abd al-'Azīz Ibn Saud, the Amir of Najd, who became a Persian Gulf coastal ruler in May to 1913 by virtue of his occupation of Hasa the coastal strip stretching from Kuwayt to the base of the Qatar peninsula.
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Pérez-Almazán, Carlos, Miguel Ángel Balderas-Plata, Norma Leticia Manríquez-Morán, Delfino Madrigal-Uribe, and Xanat Antonio-Némiga. "Distribución potencial del complejo Aspidoscelis gularis (squamata: teiidae) en México." CienciaUAT 9, no. 1 (December 10, 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v9i1.616.
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La distribución del complejo Aspidoscelis gularis en México ha sido difícil de modelar debido a los problemas taxonómicos que enfrentan sus integrantes y a que los modelos publicados excluyen zonas típicas donde los taxones han sido reportados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar la información sobre la distribución del complejo A. gularis y proponer un modelo aplicable a grupos de especies considerados “complejos”, así como para cualquier nivel taxonómico. La información generada permitió desarrollar un modelo de distribución con el algoritmo Tipicidad de Mahalanobis en IDRISI Taiga y se validó con el área bajo la curva (AUC), la cual obtuvo un valor de 0.932. La distribución modelada abarcó estados pertenecientes al Altiplano Mexicano. Se encontró que los taxones del complejo están asociados con la vegetación característica del Altiplano Mexicano clasificada como desierto Chihuahuense compuesta principalmente por matorrales xerófilos y pastizales, lo que sugiere un factor que limita su distribución en el norte hasta el centro de México, similar con otros grupos de reptiles.
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Khamidullin, Salavat I. "RELATIONS BETWEEN THE BASHKIRS AND THE VOLGA BULGARS IN THE 10TH–13TH CENTURIES." Ural Historical Journal 71, no. 2 (2021): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-2(71)-137-145.
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The article examines the history of relations between the Bashkirs and the Volga Bulgars based on written sources (Arab-Muslim, Mongolian and Western European) and archaeological data. The study analyzes the earliest historical information preserved in the geographical tradition of al-Balkhi, represented by such authors of the 10th century as al-Istakhri and Ibn Haukal, as well as in the work of the 12th century geographer al-Idrisi. Special attention is paid to the problem of political affiliation of the Сhiyalik culture tribes, which, according to most scientists, were of Ugric origin. On this basis, they are figuratively called “Eastern Hungarians” in historical literature. The article concludes that the majority of Сhiyalik tribes were a part of the Bashkir polity already in the 10th century. At least, the 13th century Western European authors (Rubruck, Plano Carpini) equated Bashkiria with “Great Hungary” (Magna Hungaria). However, some of Сhiyalik tribes recognized the suzerainty of the Volga Bulgars. These, apparently, should include the Bashkir tribe Bulyar, which corresponds to the “land of Bular”, mentioned in the Hungarian chronicle “Gesta Hungarorum” and by al-Gharnati (12th century) as a part of Volga Bulgaria. With the beginning of the Mongol invasion in the Ural-Volga region, the Bashkirs accepted the Chingissids’ offer of an alliance, after which they participated in the conquest of Volga Bulgaria and in campaigns on the territory of other Eastern European countries.
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Figueredo, Oscar Agustín Torres, Pedro Roberto de Azambuja Madruga, and Rudiney Soares Pereira. "Geoprocesamiento aplicado al analisis del uso de la tierra en el municipio de San Pedro de Ycuamandyyú, Paraguay." Ciência Florestal 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050981693.
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El municipio de San Pedro de Ycuamandyyú está ubicado en el noroeste de la región oriental del Paraguay. Los objetivos de este trabajo constituyen la elaboración y el análisis del mapa del uso de la tierra para la planificación de actividades forestales en la zona, para los cuales se utilizaron técnicas de cartografía, sensores remotos y (SIG) Sistemas de Informaciones Geográficas, que posibilitaron el análisis de informaciones provenientes de imágenes satelitales LANDSAT TM 5, de cartas topográficas y de (GPS) Sistema de Posicionamiento Global, que permitió el procesamiento de datos en el programa Idrisi 2.0 para la confección de un mapa que posibilitó el análisis sobre la situación del uso de la tierra en el municipio. Se distinguió categorías predominantes como praderas altas o campos naturales, uso agropecuario y praderas bajas o bañados, siendo la cobertura forestal con valor inferior al 25%. Se concluyó que el municipio presenta bastantes áreas de campos naturales y uso agropecuario que podrían utilizarse para actividades de reforestación, sea con especies nativas o exóticas de rápido crecimiento con la finalidad de obtener valores de cobertura forestal en equilibrio con las demás categorías de uso de la tierra.
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Pereira, Inalda Leite, Luciene Carvalho de Sousa, Levy Aniceto Santana, Renato Da Veiga Guadagnin, and Rinaldo De Souza Neves. "A posição da câmera fotográfica influencia no cálculo computadorizado da área de úlcera por pressão?" Enfermagem em Foco 2, no. 4 (November 16, 2011): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21675/2357-707x.2011.v2.n4.187.
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A análise de área de úlcera por pressão através do processamento computacional de imagens vem sendo utilizada como meio de se quantificar a evolução e as respostas de feridas aos tratamentos aplicados. Este artigo verifica como a posição da câmera fotográfica afeta o cálculo da área de uma úlcera por pressão. Foi fotografada uma úlcera por pressão de grau III, com o eixo da câmera posicionado perpendicularmente à úlcera por pressão, às distâncias de 20 e 30 centímetros. Esse mesmo procedimento foi repetido com o eixo da câmera posicionado a 20° e 30° de inclinação. As imagens foram recortadas preservando-se apenas a úlcera por pressão, a pele sadia e o objeto padrão. Posteriormente, foram processadas pelo software ‘Idrisi’ para cálculo de área por classificação computacional. Os resultados mostraram que a posição da câmera fotográfica interfere no cálculo da área e que a menor alteração ocorreu com o eixo da câmera posicionado perpendicularmente à úlcera por pressão.Descritores: Úlcera por Pressão, Fotografia, Processamento de Imagem, Medidas de Área.The position of the photographic camera influences the computerized calculation of the area of pressure ulcer?The analysis area of pressure ulcers through computer processing of images has been used as a mean of quantifying the evolution of wounds and responses to treatments. This article examines how the position of the photographic camera affects the calculation of the area of a pressure ulcer. It was photographed a pressure ulcer grade III, with the axis of the camera positioned perpendicular to the pressure ulcer, at distances of 20 and 30 cm. This same procedure was repeated with the axis of the camera positioned at 20 ° and 30 ° tilt. The images were cut preserving only the pressure ulcer, skin healthy and standard object. They were later processed by the software 'Idrisi' for area calculation by computer classification. The results showed that the position of the camera interferes in the calculation of the area and that the smallest change occurred with the axis of the camera positioned perpendicular to the pressure ulcer.Descriptors: Pressure Ulcers, Photography, Image Processing, Measures of AreaLa posición de la cámara influye en el cómputo informático de la zona de la úlcera por presión?El área de análisis de las úlceras por presión a través del procesamiento informático de imágenes se ha utilizado como un medio de cuantificar la evolución de las heridas y las respuestas a los tratamientos. Este artículo examina cómo la posición de la cámara afecta al cálculo de la superficie de una úlcera por presión. Se ha sido fotografiada una úlcera por presión grado III, con el eje de la cámara en posición perpendicular a la úlcera por presión, a distancias de 20 y 30 cm. Este mismo procedimiento se repitió con el eje de la cámara situada a 20 ° y 30 ° de inclinación. Las imágenes fueron cortadas conservar sólo la úlcera por presión, objeto de la piel sana y por defecto. Fueron procesados posteriormente por 'Idrisi' el software para el cálculo del área de clasificación de equipo. Los resultados mostraron que la posición de la cámara se inmiscuye en el cálculo de la zona y que el más pequeño cambio se produjo con el eje de la cámara en posición perpendicular a la úlcera por presión.Descriptores: Las úlceras por Presión, Fotografía, Procesamiento de Imágenes, Las Medidas del Área.
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Kohsul, Basit B. "The Islamic Impact on Western Civilization Reconsidered." American Journal of Islam and Society 12, no. 1 (April 1, 1995): 36–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v12i1.2404.
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IntroductionThe topic of the Islamic impact on western civilization has receiveda great deal of attention from various Muslim scholars, and some attentionfrom western scholars. When discussing this topic, Muslims usuallyconcentrate on providing a list of important scientific discoveries madeby Muslims with the intent of proving that Muslims made the discoveriesbefore the Europeans. For example: Ibn Sina’ (d. 1036) used an air thermometerand Ibn Yunus (c. 900) used a pendulum many centuries beforeGalileo, al Idrisi (c. 1000) discovered and mapped the sources of the NileRiver nine hundred years before the Europeans, and al Zarkayl provedthat the planetary orbits were elliptical-not circular-many centuries inadvance of Copernicus.Whereas the historical authenticity of these claims cannot be questioned,such discussion does not shed much light on the Islamic impact onwestern civilization. It is entirely possible that even though the Europeansmade the noted discoveries many centuries after the Muslims, they did sowithout having any knowledge of earlier Islamic works. Such is the casein the above-mentioned examples. Hence, the issue of the Islamic impacton the West cannot be discussed in this context.Due to the shortcoming of the typical method of discussing the issueat hand, this paper will adopt an alternative method: the history of ideasand intellectual traditions in the Muslim world and the West. An attemptwill be made to identify broad trends and characteristics of the western andIslamic intellectual traditions in order to discover possible links. The primacyof reason, logic, and the scientific method are the defining characteristicsof the western intellectual tradition from the Renaissance to thepresent. Prior to the Renaissance, Christian theology determined ...
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Ruiz-Corral, José Ariel, Jose Luis Ramírez-Díaz, Francisco Javier Flores-Mendoza, and José de Jesus Sánchez-González. "CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y EFECTOS SOBRE LAS ÁREAS POTENCIALES PARA MAÍZ EN JALISCO, MÉXICO." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 23, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2000.2.183.
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar el impacto del cambio climático durante el período 1947-1996, sobre las áreas potenciales para la producción de maíz (Zea mays L.) en Jalisco, México. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo comparando información climática de los períodos 1947- 1971 y 1972-1996 en términos de la variación de la estación de crecimiento (EC) y su capacidad térmica (CT) en grados-día de desarrollo (GDD) con respecto a las áreas potenciales para maíz y considerando cuatro ciclos biológicos: intermedio-tardío, intermedio intermedio-precoz y precoz. Mediante el contraste de la CT de la EC y el requerimiento térmico (RT) de los cuatro tipos de maíces se delimitaron las áreas potenciales para maíz pero para calcular su superficie fue necesario desarrollar matrices de datos georreferenciados sobre dichas variables e integral al sistema de información geográfica IDRISI, para generar mapas estatales. Los resultados mostraron que las áreas potenciales para el cultivo de maíz se modificaron dado que la superficie apta para maíces de ciclo intermedio-tardío y precoz se redujo 24 y 49 %, respectivamente, mientras que la superficie apta para maíz de ciclo intermedio e intermedio-precoz se incrementó en 44 y 73 %. Las variaciones climáticas durante 1972-1996 impactaron negativamente sobre el agroclima regional y la superficie potencial para la producción de maíz en el estado de Jalisco, la cual se redujo en 319,950 ha.
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Campos et al., Sérgio. "GEOPROCESSAMENTO APLICADO NO DIAGNÓSTICO DOS CONFLITOS DE USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO EM ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE NO RIBEIRÃO DAS AGULHAS – BOTUCATU (SP)." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 2, no. 6 (March 9, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549/interespaco.v2n6p163-175.
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As áreas de preservação permanente (APP) têm função ambiental de preservar os recursos naturais, a biodiversidade, o fluxo gênico da fauna e flora, o solo e a segurança do bem-estar das populações humanas. Enquanto que a degradação das matas ciliares contribui para o assoreamento, elevação da turbidez da água e para a erosão das margens dos cursos d'água, transportando substâncias poluidoras, como defensivos e fertilizantes agrícolas. O trabalho visou determinar o uso inadequado das áreas de preservação permanente da microbacia do Ribeirão das Agulhas – Botucatu (SP), tendo como base cartográfica, a carta planialtimétrica de Botucatu e a imagem de satélite de 2011. A metodologia consistiu no uso do SIG-IDRISI Selva para realização do georreferenciamento da imagem, geração dos buffer de APPs e o overlay na obtenção dos conflitos de uso e ocupação em APPs. O grande uso da microbacia correspondeu às pastagens com 675,34ha. As APPs (166,10ha) estão sendo usadas inadequadamente por 93,33ha com pastagens. O diagnóstico dessas áreas da microbacia indica a necessidade de uma intervenção vinculada ao plano de proteção ambiental para a recuperação das áreas degradadas e consequentemente permitir uma regeneração da cobertura natural das APPs que estão sendo utilizadas sem respeitar a legislação ambiental brasileira. As ferramentas de geotecnologias foram imprescindíveis para obter o diagnóstico do uso e ocupação do solo em APPs da área.Palavras-chave: Sistema de Informação Geográfica; Uso e Ocupação do Solo; Preservação Ambiental.GEOPROCESSING APPLIED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CONFUSED GODS AND SOIL OCCUPATION IN AREAS OF PERMANENT PRESERVATION IN THE STREAM OF THE AGULHAS - BOTUCATU (SP)ABSTRACTThe permanent preservation areas (PPA) have environmental function of preserving natural resources, biodiversity, gene flow of fauna and flora, the soil and the safety of the well-being of human populations. While the degradation of riparian forests contributes to silting, water turbidity increase and the erosion of the banks of waterways, carrying pollutants, such as pesticides and agricultural fertilizers. The objective of this work was to determine the inadequate use of the permanent preservation areas of Stream of the Agulhas - Botucatu (SP) microbasin, based on cartography, Botucatu planialtimetric chart and satellite image of 2011. The methodology consisted of the use of SIG-IDRISI Jungle to perform image georeferencing, generation of PPA buffer and overlay in obtaining conflicts of use and occupation in PPA. The great use of the microbasin corresponded to pastures with 675.34ha. PPA (166, 10 ha) are being used inadequately for 93.33ha with pasture. The diagnosis of these areas of the microbasin indicates the need for an intervention linked to the environmental protection plan for the recovery of the degraded areas and consequently to allow a regeneration of the natural coverage of the PPA that are being used without respecting the Brazilian environmental legislation. The geotechnology tools are essential to obtain the diagnosis of land use and occupation in PPA in the area.Keywords: GIS; Land Use; Environmental Preservation.SIG APLICADOS EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE CONFLICTOS DE USO Y OCUPACIÓN DEL SUELO EN ÁREAS DE PRESERVACIÓN PERMANENTE EN EL RÍO DE LAS AGULHAS – BOTUCATU (SP)RESUMENLas Áreas de Preservación Permanente (APP) tienen una función ambiental para preservar los recursos naturales, la biodiversidad, el flujo genético de fauna y flora, el suelo y la seguridad del bienestar de las poblaciones humanas. La degradación de los bosques ribereños contribuye a la sedimentación e incremento en la turbidez del agua, a la erosión de las orillas de los cursos de agua y al transporte de sustancias contaminantes, como pesticidas y fertilizantes agrícolas. El trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el uso incorrecto de las áreas de preservación permanente de la cuenca del río das Agulhas – Botucatu (SP), basada en la carta planialtimétrica de Botucatu y la imagen de satélite de 2011. La metodología consistió en el uso de GIS-IDRISI Selva para la georreferenciación, la generación de los amortiguamientos de las APPs y la superposición de los conflictos de uso y ocupación. El gran uso de la cuenca se correspondió con pastizales, 675,34ha. Las APPs (166,10ha) se utilizan inadecuadamente, con 93, 33ha de pastizales. El diagnóstico indica la necesidad de un plan de protección vinculado al medio ambiente, y destinado a la recuperación de áreas degradadas, que permita la regeneración de la cubierta natural de las APPs, que se utilizan sin cumplir con la legislación ambiental brasileña. Las geotecnologías fueron herramientas indispensables para el diagnóstico del uso y ocupación del suelo en el área analizada.Palabras clave: SIG; Uso y Ocupación del Suelo; Preservación del Medio Ambiente.
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Hernández Flores, María De la Luz, Abraham Palacios Romero, Elena María Otazo Sánchez, César Abelardo González Ramírez, and Alberto José Gordillo Martínez. "Influencia de la urbanización en el cambio de la vegetación colindante del corredor Pachuca-Tizayuca (2000-2014)." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 7, no. 33 (November 16, 2017): 020–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v7i33.88.
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Las áreas urbanas ejercen presión sobre la vegetación colindante a estas. Se ha demostrado que la diferencia en los índices de vegetación (DIV) es un buen indicador de su deterioro; aunque se relaciona con la presión urbana, no se ha establecido una metodología que cuantifique su impacto. Esta estrategia se aplicó en los principales municipios del Valle de Pachuca-Tizayuca, en donde la urbanización registra mayores crecimientos. Se obtuvo la clasificación supervisada en los años 2000 y 2014, mediante sistemas de información geográfica e imágenes Landsat (confiabilidad > 80 %). Se determinó el cambio de uso de suelo (NU) a urbano (U) con los cocientes U/NU y se compararon con DIV entre ambos años; se usaron los índices NDVI, MSAVI, SAVI y TSAVI; además de los AGEB rurales, como unidades geográficas de análisis. Posteriormente, se generó un archivo raster de distancias de cada pixel al borde de las zonas urbanas más cercanas (DU). La correlación lineal de DU se determina con el DIV a partir de la regresión espacial bivariada en IDRISI-Taiga. Las AGEB con creciente urbanización se identifican por los valores mayores del cociente U/NU y se observa que los DIV presentan mayores valores. Se demuestra que DU tiene más correlación con DIV en las AGEB con asentamientos humanos intermedios en expansión (R2 de 0.1 a 0.33). Se demuestra que la correlación espacial DIV vs. DU es una buena estrategia metodológica para estimar el impacto de presión urbana sobre la vegetación colindante a los asentamientos humanos.
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Palomeque de la Cruz, Miguel Angel, Silvia del Carmen Ruiz Acosta, Rodimiro Ramos Reyes, Miguel Alberto Magaña Alejandro, and Adalberto Galindo Alcantara. "Modelación de cambios de coberturas y uso de suelo en Nacajuca, Tabasco." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 12, no. 4 (June 25, 2021): 655–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v12i4.2622.
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El crecimiento urbano de Nacajuca, Tabasco, ha transformado el sistema natural, siendo necesario conocer la actual configuración espacial de las coberturas naturales y los usos artificiales con la finalidad de proveer información de la dinámica espacial para el ordenamiento ecológico. El objetivo del estudio fue modelar los cambios de cobertura y uso del suelo (2000, 2008 y 2017), mediante un análisis multitemporal empleando el Land Change Modeler for ecological sustainability de IDRISI. Los resultados indican que en el periodo 2000-2008 se encontró la disminución de los humedales (1 796 ha) y un ligero aumento de la vegetación arbórea (689 ha), contrario al crecimiento urbano (796 ha) y elevado aumento del pastizal (2 168 ha). En el segundo periodo (2008-2017) se detectó la mayor pérdida de humedales (3 995 ha) y de vegetación arbórea (1 233 ha), mientras que el área urbana y el pastizal presentaron los mayores incrementos (1 365 y 4 378 ha). Las principales transiciones fueron en primer lugar, el cambio de grandes coberturas de humedales a pastizal y en segundo lugar la transformación de pastizal a urbano. La perturbación se relaciona con la dinámica de la zona metropolitana de Villahermosa y coincide con la pérdida de grandes superficies de humedales en las áreas analizadas. Ante esto, las alternativas para reducir los efectos del cambio de uso de suelo son la elaboración del ordenamiento ecológico territorial y del programa de desarrollo urbano donde se haga partícipe el uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, la teledetección ambiental y la implementación de modelos geomáticos para el análisis espacial.
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Ruiz-Corral, José Ariel, José Luis Ramírez-Díaz, Francisco Javier Flores-Mendoza, and José de Jesús Sánchez-González. "CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y SU IMPACTO SOBRE LA ESTACIÓN DE CRECIMIENTO DE MAÍZ EN JALISCO, MÉXICO." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 23, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2000.2.169.
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar los cambios en la estación de crecimiento (EC) y la capacidad térmica (CT) de la EC, durante el periodo 1947-1996, como base de valoración posterior de cambios en la superficie potencial para el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) en el estado de Jalisco. Se estimó el inició (IEC), duración (DEC) y finalizacion (FEC) de la EC, a partir de registros diarios y mensuales de 42 estaciones meteorológicas para dos períodos de tiempo (1947-1971 y 1972-1996), utilizando el método de la FAO y valores de precipitación al 75 % de probabilidad de ocurrencia. Se cuantifico la CT en grados-día de desarrollo acumulados (GDDA) durante la EC. Para ello se utilizaron temperaturas máximas y mínimas diarias y una temperatura base de 10ºC. Con estas estimaciones se realizaron interpolaciones geográficas para generar mapas estatales de IEC, FEC, DEC y CT, utilizando el sistema de información geográfica IDRISI 4.1. Los resultados mostraron una reducción promedio de 6 días en la DEC producto de un retrazo promedio de 2 días en la IEC y de un adelantado promedio de 4 días en la FEC. Esta reducción de la DEC estuvo asociada con una disminución de la precipitación probabilística de los meses de junio, septiembre y octubre. La CT de la EC también disminuyó en promedio 79 GDDA. Se concluye que tanto EC como CT presentan actualmente una tendencia de disminución, por lo que el panorama agroclimático actual es menos favorable para la agricultura temporalera de Jalisco.
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Kenzheakhmet, Nurlan, and Alpamys Zh Abu. "Some Medieval and Post-Golden Horde’s Towns of the Itil (Volga) and Syr-Darya Basins According to the Arabic and Chinese Maps." Golden Horde Review 9, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 611–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-3.611-653.
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Research objectives: The earliest depictions of the towns of the Itil (Volga) and Syr-Darya Basins in medieval cartography are found on the Idrisi map (1154). The post-Golden Horde towns in these areas are found in the Jenkinson map and the Kunyu wanguo quan tu (Map of the Ten Thousand Countries of the Earth, 1602) by Matteo Ricci. In 1772, the Qianlong neifu yutu 乾隆内府舆圖 (Terrestrial Map of the Imperial Repository of Qianlong), which used modern cartographic techniques, enriched the geographic information of Central Asian countries and filled the gaps in contemporary European maps. Research materials: Influenced by the map of Al-Idrīsī’, the geographic gaps and blind spots on the European maps were filled, reconstructed, and connected with the new world geographic knowledge, forming a relatively complete world map. At the end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, a large amount of overseas geographic knowledge was introduced by Western missionaries who entered China. Results and novelty of the research: The analysis of Arab, European, and Chinese maps made it possible to assess the degree of accuracy of their information about the post-Golden Horde cities of the Itil (Volga) and Syr-Darya basins. The authors managed to determine the geographical ideas of Arab, European, and Chinese geographers about Central Asia. Specifically, this article examined the place names of the Itil Basin (including Western Siberia) and the Qazaq Steppe (including adjacent regions) in the European-Russian imperial maps and in the Qing Chinese maps. Historical maps provide rich resources of knowledge that graphically encode information about the state of a fraction of the real world at a certain point in time.
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Ducene, Jean-Charles. "Francisco Herrera Clavero, Alberto Weil Rus, José Luis Ruiz García et José Antonio Alarcón Caballero, El mundo del geógrafo ceutí al Idrisi, Ceuta, Instituto de estudios ceutíes, 2011, 277 p., ISBN : 978-8492627233, 89 $." Arabica 60, no. 5 (2013): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341259.
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Klechkovskyi, Yu, L. Titova, O. Palagina, and L. Janse. "Grapevine roditis leaf Discoloration-associated virus: express pest risk analysis for Ukraine." Agricultural Science and Practice 9, no. 1 (August 3, 2022): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp9.01.039.
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Aim. To conduct an express pest risk analysis of Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus (GRLDaV) for Ukraine, a virus that has been related to a grapevine disease and was included in the EPPO Alert List in 2018. Methods. The phytosanitary risk analysis was carried out on the basis of an analytical review of expert literature and in accordance with the EPPO Decision-support scheme for an Express Pest Risk Analysis (EPPO, 2012) and with methodological recommendations for Ukraine (Pylypenko et al, 2012). The possibility of further spread and the potential range of the virus were determined using modern software packages AgroAtlas (Afonin and Li, 2011; Shumilin and Li, 2009), MapInfo Pro15.0 (ESTIMap®) and IDRISI SELVA (Clarklabs®). Results. An express pest risk analysis of GRLDaV for Ukraine was carried out for the first time. Outbreaks of the virus were first detected in the 1980ies in Greece (Rumbos, Avgelis, 1989) and from 2014–2018 in: Italy (Chiumenti et al, 2015, 2016; Maliogka et al, 2015), Turkey (Adan, 2016; Serçe et al, 2018) and Croatia (Vončina et al, 2018). Climatic predictors were analyzed in the outbreaks of the countries where the causal agent of the disease was identified. The potential range of GRLDaV in Ukraine has been established in case of importing infected planting material with further spreading of the virus. Risk management measures are proposed, which envisage including GRLDaV in the list of the Regulated Non-Quarantine Harmful Organisms of Ukraine. Conclusions. There is a possibility of introduction, further spread, and harmfulness of Grapevine Roditis leaf discoloration-associated virus in Ukraine, which is due to the presence of the host plant (grapevine, Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera L.) and the corresponding climatic conditions of the southern and (part of) western Ukraine, where grapevine is cultivated on an industrial scale. The introduction of GRLDaV into Ukraine is possible as a result of the import of GRLDaV-infected grapevine planting material from the countries where the virus has been reported and presumably is still present. The current Ukrainian phytosanitary measures cannot reliably prevent the risk of intoduction of GRLDaV into Ukraine. The inclusion of GRLDaV in the List of the Regulated Non-Quarantine Harmful Organisms of Ukraine with the recommendation of permission to import grapevine planting material certified for the absence of GRLDaV (from the countries where the virus is reported) or mandatory testing of imported grapevine planting material for the presence of GRLDaV (from areas where such certification is absent), can be an effective risk management measure. It requires the producers and importers of grapevine planting material to include GRLDaV virus in their certification schemes to prevent eventual further spreading of the virus. It is recommended to do a nation-wide survey to determine the likelihood of the presence of GRLDaV in the region. Further research to identify possible natural virus vectors and to develop methods of (latent) GRLDaV diagnostics are needed. Finally additional studies on prevention and control of the virus (including breeding for resistance) are also required.
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Alsharif, Mohammad, Abdulrhman Ali Alzandi, Raid Shrahily, and Babikir Mobarak. "Land Use Land Cover Change Analysis for Urban Growth Prediction Using Landsat Satellite Data and Markov Chain Model for Al Baha Region Saudi Arabia." Forests 13, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101530.
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Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) and urban growth prediction and analysis are two of the best methods that can help decision-makers for better sustainable management and planning of socioeconomic development in the countries. In the present paper, the growth of urban land use was analyzed and predicted in all districts of the El Baha region (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) based on high-resolution Landsat, 5, 7, and 8 satellite imagery during the period of study between 1985–2021. Using remote sensing techniques, the LULCC were obtained based on the maximum likelihood classification (MLC), where the geographic information system (GIS) had been used for mapping LULCC classes. Furthermore, Markov cellular automata (MCA) in Idrisi TerrSet was applied for assessing the future growth of urban land use between 2021–2047. The findings of the LULCC analysis based on the MLC indicate great socioeconomic development during the study period and that the urban expansion was at the expense of rangeland, forest and shrubland, and barren land and sand areas, with the contribution of each in the built-up area estimated to be around 9.1% (179.7 km2), 33.4% (656.3 km2) and 57.5% (1131.5 km2), respectively. The simulation of the future LULCC period 2021–2047 revealed a loss in rangeland, forest and shrubland, and barren land and sand by 565, 144 and 105 km2, respectively, where rangeland is the most influenced, its land cover will decrease from 4002 to 3437 km2. From the obtained results based on MCA, urban growth is predicted to be large and it is estimated at around 2607 km2 until the year 2047 with a net increase of 811 km2. The results obtained from this study may provide information to help decision-makers to implement efficient practices for future planning and management of the growth of urban land use, especially Saudi vision 2030.
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Konovalova, Irina. "Regional Description as a Part of World Geography: Cumania by Al-Idrisi." ISTORIYA 8, no. 5 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s0001885-2-1.
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Gualdi, Vittorio. "Uomo e ambiente. L'Italia descritta dal geografo musulmano al-Idrisi per volontà di Ruggero II, re di Sicilia." l'italia forestale e montana, 2018, 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2018.4.5.04.
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Konovalova, Irina. "Eastern Europe in the Geographical Work of Abū al-Fidāʾ: Personal Experience and the Burden of Tradition." Quaestio Rossica 10, no. 3 (August 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/qr.2022.3.715.
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This paper raises the question of the influence of a scholar’s personal experience on their research strategies, which determines the selection of sources, the purpose of creating a work, its structure, and content. The author refers to A Sketch of the Countries (Taqwim al-buldan), a work on Eastern Europe in world geography by Abū al-Fidāʾ, a Syrian scholar of the first third of the fourteenth century and emir of the city of Hama. The purpose of the paper is to reconstruct Abū al-Fidāʾ’s methods of work employing source analysis and trace the correlation between his principles of selection of sources, on the one hand, and the parameters of the geographical area characterised by him in Eastern Europe, on the other. The personal experience of the geographer, who was primarily a military leader and politician and maintained constant contact with the leaders of Mamluk Egypt, had a decisive influence on the content of messages about Eastern Europe. With access to information related to Egypt’s relations with the outside world, including with the strongest state in Eastern Europe at that time – the Golden Horde, Abū al-Fidāʾ was able to compose original descriptions of the Black Sea, and give detailed characteristics of the Golden Horde cities of the Northern Black Sea region, the Azov region, and the Lower and Middle Volga regions. The analysis of the geographer’s reports demonstrates that the ethnopolitical picture of Eastern Europe in Abū al-Fidāʾ’s treatise is practically exhausted by the borders of the Golden Horde, despite the presence of rich material about Rus’ and the Eastern Baltics in the treatise of the famous Arab geographer al-Idrisi (12th century), whose work Abū al-Fidāʾ widely used to characterise different regions of the world. At the same time, the basis of Abū al-Fidāʾ’s story about Eastern Europe is formed by extensive excerpts from the work of Ibn Sa‘id al-Maghribi, a Spanish-Arab geographer of the second half of the thirteenth century related to the territory under the control of the Golden Horde khans. Thus, the significance of al-Idrisi’s information about Eastern Europe was assessed by Abū al-Fidāʾ in the light of the information about the region that came to Mamluk Egypt through channels connected with the Golden Horde. It was the relevant information about certain objects in the region that performed structure-forming functions in the description deforming the traditional context or even completely displacing it.
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Salazar, Eduardo, Jorge Mendoza, Susana Ochoa-Gaona, Víctor Ku-Quej, and Mircea Hidalgo-Mihart. "Evaluación de la conectividad del paisaje en la región Puuc-Chenes, México, con base en los requerimientos de hábitat del jaguar (Panthera onca)." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 92 (March 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.14350/rig.52210.
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La región Puuc-Chenes está ubicada en el centro de la Península de Yucatán. Debido a que está rodeada por tres áreas naturales protegidas, constituye un importante eslabón para mantener la conectividad de la selva maya. Sin embargo, la expansión de la frontera agrícola en la región está favoreciendo la fragmentación del hábitat del jaguar (Panthera onca). En el presente estudio hemos analizado el grado de conectividad del paisaje para la región Puuc-Chenes con base en los requerimientos del hábitat de P. onca. Se usaron los programas ArcMap, FRAGSTATS e IDRISI para el análisis de la conectividad estructural y funcional del paisaje, el cual se basó en las diferencias conocidas de los requerimientos de hábitat para machos y para hembras. La selva fue la cobertura vegetal dominante al ocupar 49.8% del paisaje. El índice de contagio fue del 62.5% y el índice de contraste total de los bordes fue de 43.7%. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, concluimos que la región Puuc-Chenes presenta una conectividad de paisaje estructural intermedia, ya que se identificó un corredor adecuado solo para machos y tres corredores para ambos sexos. Este estudio aporta elementos robustos basados en evidencias científicas que justifican la conservación de cuatro fragmentos de selva en la región Puuc-Chenes para preservar la conectividad del paisaje para Panthera onca en esta región.
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Muñoz Flores, Hipolito Jesus, José Trinidad Sáenz Reyes, Agustín Rueda Sánchez, Martín Gómez Cárdenas, David Castillo Quiroz, and Francisco Castillo Reyes. "Áreas potenciales para plantaciones forestales con Brosimum alicastrum Sw., con fines de restauración." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 9, no. 45 (January 24, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v9i45.133.
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Las plantaciones forestales con fines de restauración son parte de una estrategia para recuperar los terrenos degradados y la prevención de la erosión, así como para la reconversión de suelos desmontados con fines agrícolas y pecuarios al uso forestal. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar las áreas potenciales para plantaciones forestales con Brosimum alicastrum, con fines de restauración en el estado de Michoacán, mediante el uso de los sistemas de información geográfica. La delimitación de las superficies se realizó con los programas IDRISI 32 y ArcView, a partir de los requerimientos ambientales de la especie; las variables consideradas fueron: altitud, precipitación total anual, temperatura media anual, pendiente, uso y tipo de suelo. Se generaron mapas para dos condiciones de pendiente (12 en total) para cinco regiones forestales (10) y para la entidad (2), en los que se muestran las áreas potenciales para el establecimiento de plantaciones en intervalos de pendiente de 0-15 % (mecanizadas) y de 15-30 % (no mecanizadas). La superficie total con potencial fue de 86 408 ha, de estas 71 687 ha corresponden a pendientes de 0-15 %, y 14 721 ha de 15-30 %; localizadas en las regiones: IV Oriente, V Tepalcatepec, VIII Tierra Caliente, IX Sierra Costa y X Infiernillo. El trópico seco de Michoacán por sus características ecológicas, geológicas, fisiográficas y topográficas presenta condiciones favorables para el desarrollo potencial de plantaciones forestales de restauración con Brosimum alicastrum.
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Cornelius, Sarah, and Ian Heywood. "An interactive learning environment in Geographical Information Systems." Research in Learning Technology 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v6i2.11005.
Full textAbstract:
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are computer-based tools for the input, management, analysis, modelling and display of geographical data. GIS are applied in a wide range of organizations and disciplines, including central and local government, environmental agencies, transport planning and vehicle navigation, education and research, utilities management, resource management, and the financial and retail sectors. GIS is a field of constantly changing technology, and it has been recognized that GIS education needs to be more than a 'once in a lifetime' event (Muller, 1993). Consequently, GIS teachers have developed computer-based materials for learners at all levels, from school students to postgraduates, and for the independent professional updating their skills and knowledge. To date, these materials have followed a number of approaches. Initially demonstrations of GIS software and its capabilities addressed the need to increase awareness of GIS and its applications (DoE, 1987). Arcdemo (Green, 1987) was an innovative early example, providing a demonstration of the software package Arc/Info online. Training in particular software, and the need for hands-on experience, have been addressed with the production of software-specific educational materials which use primarily traditional text-based instructions for exercises with specially prepared data. Examples include Getting started in GIS (Langford, 1993), the Unitar workbooks for Idrisi (for example McKendry et al, 1992) and Understanding GIS: the Arc/Info Method (ESRI, 1990). These have proved particularly popular, and by directing learners through structured exercises allow new users to become familiar with complex software in a relatively short time. More recently, they have migrated to CD-ROM, with training materials such as Getting to know Arcview (ESRI, 1995) provided in this format, and combining software, data and demonstrations.DOI:10.1080/0968776980060204