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1
Hassinen, Carolina. "Tassar av lera : En materialitetsorienterad analys av en åländsk fornlämningskategori." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328500.
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Lindfors, Elin. "Undersökning av utökade användningsområden för Lotsbroverkets slam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175304.
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Lotsbroverket is the largest wastewater treatment plant on the Aland Islands and it isdesigned for handling wastewater from approximately 30 000 persons. In 2011,Lotsbroverket produced about 2800 m3 of dewatered sludge. The sewage sludge that isproduced is transported to a contractor where it is processed to eventually be used e.g.in the construction of green space. This study aims to investigate available applicationoptions in terms of the sewage sludge that is produced in Lotsbroverket. The main aimis to study the feasibility of using the produced sewage sludge as a fertilizer in theagriculture of the Aland Islands.The sludge already fulfills limit values for heavy metals in accordance with the Act"The Aland Government´s directive on the use of sewage sludge in agriculture." Inorder to clarify the sludge content of pharmaceutical and organic substances it isrequired that the substances are identified and a risk assessment is performed. In theliterature it is found that the risk of human exposure to these substances is low if thesludge is treated appropriately. Suggested appropriate treatment of the plant's sludge isthermophilic digestion whereby also pathogens are killed.The soil of the Aland Islands has a high content of phosphorus. Since 1995 there is anenvironmental program to which currently 95% of the island's farmers are connected.The program controls the use of fertilizers i.e. by setting maximum permitted levels ofphosphorus. Since sewage sludge contains relatively much phosphorus it may be alimitation of the use of sewage sludge on agricultural land of the Aland Island. That iswhy it would be suitable to use the sludge with a different fertilizer in order to obtainthe proper fertilizing properties.In Europe, the use of sewage sludge in agriculture is relatively widespread. Severalcountries have less strict laws regarding the sludge content than the Aland Islands.Because large amounts of fruits and vegetables annually are imported into the island,there is reason to believe that the population already consumes products grown onsludge treated soils. Several of the farmers on the Aland Islands are currently scepticalin terms of using sewage sludge in agriculture, mainly due to uncertainties in the sludgecontent. Regarding the certification of Lotsbroverket in accordance with the Swedishcertification system REVAQ no barriers have been found. To ensure that a certificationis possible, however, further investigations are required.
3
Fredrikson, Petter. "Matematikundervisning i skärningspunkten mellan Finland & Sverige : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om matematikundervisning i lågstadiet på Åland." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-62344.
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Åland är en autonom del av Finland, där omkring hälften av lärarna utbildats i Sverige och hälften i Finland. Den lilla regionen har skördat stora framgångar inom matematik i internationella kunskapsmätningar de senaste åren. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur åländska lågstadielärare förhåller sig till tre aspekter av skillnad mellan svensk och finsk matematikundervisning, samt hur detta tar sig uttryck och påverkar undervisningen. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sju lågstadielärare, samtliga verksamma på Åland, framträder berättelser om matematikundervisning som i viss mån kan härledas till vad som kan betraktas som en finsk undervisningspraktik. Resultatet är dock inte entydigt. Istället åskådliggörs att lärarna baserar sina didaktiska val på en tydlig medvetenhet om olika sätt att förhålla sig till matematikundervisningen. Detta gör att undervisningen, oavsett karaktär, formas och omformas på välmotiverade didaktiska val, vilket skapar en trygghet och en tilltro till dem som lärare.<br>The Aland Islands is an autonomous part of Finland, where approximately half of the teachers has been educated in Sweden whereas the other half has been educated in Finland. The small region has been successful in international knowledge-measuring studies monitoring mathematics in the last couple of years. The aim of this study is to explore how primary school teachers on The Aland Islands relates to three aspects of difference between Swedish and Finnis mathematics tuition, and how this shows and influences the tuition. Via qualitative interviews with seven primary school teachers, all active on The Aland Islands, tales emerge showing a mathematics tuition practice that to a certain extent is eligible to derive to what is perceived to be Finnish tuition practice. However the results are not unambiguous. Instead it appears that the teachers base their didactic choices on significant awareness of different ways to approach mathematics tuition. This leads to the tuition being shaped and re-shaped based upon insightful didactic choices, which creates confidence and belief in them as teachers.
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Aland, Sebastian [Verfasser], Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Voigt, and John S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Lowengrub. "Modelling of two-phase flow with surface active particles / Sebastian Aland. Gutachter: Axel Voigt ; John S. Lowengrub. Betreuer: Axel Voigt." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1067732543/34.
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Selander, Daniel. "Minoritetselevers upplevelser av lärares särbehandling : En studie om utanförskap på Åland och i Uppsala - immanent pedagogik ur ett elevperspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för utbildning, kultur och medier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-149340.
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Karlsson, Sara. "Data- och tv-spel – en väg till språkkunskap : Fritidsengelskans betydelse för elevernas språkliga självförtroende i en åländsk skolkontext." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-53624.
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The objective of this study is to investigate a connection between pupils’ self-confidence and extramural English. This is a quantitative survey study made among 37 fifth-graders in the Aland Islands, where a group of pupils were given questions about how they feel about English as a subject in school, and particularly about spoken English. There were also questions about their exposure to English at home. The results of the survey show that there is a connection between confidence and extramural English. Especially among the pupils playing computer games, the result shows that they are more self-confident when speaking English than the pupils who do not play computer games.
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Poloni, Alana [Verfasser], Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schirawski, and Alan [Akademischer Betreuer] Slusarenko. "Investigation of host specificity mechanisms of Sporisorium reilianum in maize and sorghum / Alana Poloni ; Jan Schirawski, Alan Slusarenko." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1127337033/34.
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Belitz, Michael. "Milde-Biese-Aland: Quellenkritische Überlegungen zu den Namen eines altmärkischen Flusssystems: Aufsätze Namen und Recht in Europa / Names and the Law in Europe, Akten der Tagung in Regensburg, 16. und 17. April 2015 / Conference Papers, Regensburg, 16 and 17 April 2015." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung (GfN), 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A17176.
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This article deals with problems related to the tradition of name
evidences in written documents. Those written sources functioning as mediating
medium for the variant types of the names, have a specific context of
origin and tradition, which makes its use for the etymological derivation
problematic.
Taking the example of the written evidences cited in the German
Book of Water Names edited by Albrecht Greule for the rivers Milde, Biese
and Aland, the importance of a source-critical analysis for every single document
used there shall be shown. The aim of the study is not only to provide
new insights into the etymological derivation of the river names in the Altmark,
but also to illustrate the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in
onomatology.
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Gottberg, Victoria. "Djurens kulturella betydelse i den gropkeramiska kulturen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352896.
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As humans we function with a biological side and a psychological side. Both of these sides have their needs. We need to put food in our stomach to stop feeling hungry and we need to give things meaning. In a Human Behavioral Archaeological perspective, which focuses a lot on the economical aspect of the animal and the human, the animal was killed for food. But, how was the animal perceived in a cultural perspective, what was the meaning of this animal? This is the question that will have its answer in this thesis. The animal handling of the Pitted Ware culture will be analyzed from an animistic point of view - meaning, that human, animals and object can have a soul or a personality. This makes the world seem more fluent. The sharp lines between culture and nature, life and death, human and animal get wiped out and we see a world view the modern Western human is not used to. As much as the animal was a prey, it also was a being with a purpose in the Pitted Ware culture. On the Pitted Ware sites at Jettböle on the Aland Island and at Ajvide on Gotland, the seal was the most prominent animal in both the economic and cultural sphere. The clay figurines of Jettböle show some sort of worship of the seal. Among many of the anatomical parts of the animal and human body, the head seems to be of most importance. Even differences within the same culture appear. At Ajvide, there is a clear burial tradition of the deceased humans, whereas at Jettböle, there is not. And as much as the seal is of dominance at Ajvide, the swine comes in at a close second, whereas at Jettböle, there is almost no swine at all.
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Biver-Pettinger, Francoise. "Evangeliar. Aarbechtsgrupp "Iwwersetzung vun der Bibel op Lëtzebuergesch" (2009) : Luxembourg : Archevêché / Saint-Paul : considérations historiques, théologiques et exégétiques appliquées à la traduction de l'évangéliaire en luxembourgeois." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK013/document.
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En 2009 fut édité l’Evangeliar, la première traduction en luxembourgeois des évangiles lus pendant la liturgie de l’Église latine. Dans l’introduction, la présente thèse décrit le contexte historique, ecclésial et national, et la situation des langues dans laquelle les fidèles catholiques ont pratiqué leur religion de 1815 à nos jours. Ensuite, cette étude s’enquiert de l’influence de l’institution Église sur les traductions bibliques liturgiques actuelles, y compris l’Evangeliar. Cette influence peut s’exercer par le Magistère, par la tradition scripturaire ou par l’usage liturgique.Dans le deuxième chapitre, la traduction de Mc 1, 1-45 est revue verset par verset pour discuter la méthode et les critères retenus dans son élaboration. Ceci afin de déceler les pièges linguistiques, exégétiques, théologiques, voire culturels et de sonder les limites d’une traduction des évangiles en luxembourgeois. Dans la conclusion, où convergent les différentes pistes suivies dans la thèse, sont intégrés certains éléments en vue d’une recherche ultérieure sur la traduction de μετανοέω et de μετάνοια en général et dans l’Evangeliar plus particulièrement<br>In 2009, the Evangeliar was published in Luxembourgish for the first time, containing the most-read Gospels of the Roman-Catholic liturgical tradition.In the introductory part, this thesis describes the historical, ecclesiastical, national, as well as linguistic background within which the faithful practised their religion from 1815 to the present day. Following on from there, it elucidates the influence of the Roman-Catholic church, as an institution, on contemporary biblical and liturgical translations, including the Evangeliar. This influence can originate from within the practice of Magisterium, scriptural tradition, or liturgical usage.In the second chapter, the translation of Mark 1, 1-45 is revised verse for verse in order to discuss the method as well as the criteria used in its development, with the aim of revealing traps of various kinds: linguistic, exegetical, theological, maybe even cultural, and furthermore to sound out the limitations of a translation into Luxembourgish of the Gospels. The conclusion, in which the various inquiry elements converge, also contains several elements conducive to further research on the translation of μετανοέω and of μετάνοια in general and in the Evangeliar in particular
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López, Jiménez Sinesio. "Revisitando a Alan García." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2008. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/47358.
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Samples, Gil L. "Greek texts and English translations of the Bible: a comparison and contrast of the Textus Receptus Greek New Testament of the sixteenth century and the Alexandrian text of Westcott and Hort (nineteenth century) and Aland and Metzger (twentieth century) concerning variant texts that pertain to the orthodox Christology of the Council of Nicea, A.D. 325." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3315/.
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The argument of this paper is that certain salient passages in the New Testament concerning Christology, as it was defined in the Nicene creed in A.D. 325, reflect such orthodoxy better in the Textus Receptus Greek texts and the English translations made from them than do the Alexandrian texts. Arian theology, which was condemned as heretical at Nicea, is examined. Patristic quotations, historical texts, and arguments of the scholars are cited and traced, along with a comparison of Christological verses.
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KOJIMA, Hideo. "Introduction to Alan Fogel's Article." 名古屋大学教育学部, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3690.
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Hudson, John. "Alan Ayckbourn : subverting the form." Thesis, Kingston University, 2006. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20245/.
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In this thesis, I argue that plays written by Alan Ayckbourn during the period 1970 to 1990 are political and subversive. They are political in the sense that they offer an analysis of political and social constructions then current, taking an oppositional standpoint. They are subversive in that they do this using an adaptation of a form not usually associated with such analysis and for an audience not already politicised. Ayckbourn is frequently taken to be a farceur. I will argue that he uses some aspects of British farce, but that his adaptation of the form subverts the expectations of his predominantly middle-class audience. Rather than the two-dimensional, essentially unsympathetic characters and the reinforcement of the status quo usually found in farce, Ayckbourn's plays offer political analysis in the private sphere and promote an oppositional agenda in the public sphere. While it is recognised by some that Ayckbourn was indeed a political commentator during this period, there has been no substantial account of what I suggest is their specific agenda in the public sphere - namely, the promotion of collectivism in direct opposition to the ideology embraced by Margaret Thatcher. During the 70s and then under Conservative governments post-1979, the tenets of what was to become known as Thatcherism, frequently centring upon the supposed supremacy of the individual, came to dominate British public life. Thatcher, Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990, declared herself openly against collectivism, disempowering the unions, establishing a major programme of privatisation that involved selling off previously State-owned assets such as the utilities, the railway network and social housing, and denying the very existence of society. Ayckbourn's plays of this period expose the solipsism that is the corollary of this anti-collectivist agenda, the moral bankruptcy of the selfishness it encourages and the dangers of a political system that actively sets itself against working together for the greater good of all. At the same time, many acknowledge that Ayckbourn writes about women in a particularly sympathetic way, reflecting the raised consciousness brought about through second-wave feminism. I shall argue that these plays not only demonstrate ways in which expectations of gender performance impact upon women, but also show pressures upon men to perform masculinities. The plays exhibit a complex picture of gender performance, frequently in settings that present a liminal arena between feminine or masculine associated spaces: the domestic garden of the middle-class suburbs. In this, they examine cross-gender conflicts in representations of situations familiar to the very audience by whom the plays are received.
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Themis, Revista. "Entrevista a Alan M. Dershowitz." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108336.
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Alemany, Agustí. "Sources on the Alans : a critical compilation /." Leiden : Brill, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37221581j.
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Texte remanié de: Doct. th.--Universitat autònoma de Barcelona, 1997. Titre de soutenance : Recull crític de fonts per a l'estudi de la història, cultura i llengua dels alans.<br>Bibliogr. p. 449-461.
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Brown, Stephen A. "Alan Gewirth and the political community." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250039.
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Sousa, Liliana Patrícia Ferreira de. "Alan Ayckbourn : tradução e breve comentário." Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2011. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000211683.
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Esta dissertação de Mestrado consiste numa tradução da peça Absent Friends do dramaturgo inglês Alan Ayckbourn, acompanhada de um breve comentário sobre o autor e as tradições dramáticas que enquadram e ajudam a entender a sua obra. Num primeiro momento, evidencio a forma como este autor determinou o seu próprio percurso na comédia inglesa, contrariando alguns dos seus contemporâneos, bem como apresento o enquadramento histórico-social do autor e da obra. Num segundo momento, reflicto acerca de alguns contributos teóricos no âmbito da tradução dramática, de modo a não só delimitar as linhas de pensamento que orientarão a tradução da presente dissertação, como também explicitar alguns problemas pontuais da mesma.
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Wiggins, Kathryn Louise. "Alan Bush : activist, cultural diplomat, composer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730835.
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Ferrari, Arturo. "Alan Dershowitz y el "abogado perfecto"." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107718.
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Maartens, Deneys Sean. "Queue scheduling the Alan Cousins Telescope." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31460.
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The Alan Cousins Telescope is a 0.75-m automatic photoelectric telescope situated at the South African Astronomical Observatory, in Sutherland. The telescope was designed and built to execute a range of photometry programmes, but is used mainly for the long-term monitoring of variable stars. In addition, there is the potential for target-of-opportunity observations of unanticipated events, such as gamma ray bursts, and anticipated events such as occultations. Ultimately the telescope is intended to be a fully robotic telescope with limited operational support needs. Some advance toward this goal has been made by a full hardware interface to allow queue executions of observations. The next phase is the implementation of an automated scheduler that will generate a queue of valid observations for each night of observation. Queue scheduling algorithms are widely used in astronomy and the aim of this dissertation is to present a strawman scheduler that will generate the nightly observation queue. The main design of the scheduler is based on a merit-based system implemented at the STELLA robotic observatory, paired with the scheduling algorithms used by SOFIA. The main drawback of the telescope is that it does not currently accommodate dynamically changing weather conditions. As a consequence, the main scheduling constraints are observation parameters, instrument ability, and for monitoring type observations, observation time window constraints.
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Sousa, Liliana Patrícia Ferreira de. "Alan Ayckbourn : tradução e breve comentário." Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/57407.
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Esta dissertação de Mestrado consiste numa tradução da peça Absent Friends do dramaturgo inglês Alan Ayckbourn, acompanhada de um breve comentário sobre o autor e as tradições dramáticas que enquadram e ajudam a entender a sua obra. Num primeiro momento, evidencio a forma como este autor determinou o seu próprio percurso na comédia inglesa, contrariando alguns dos seus contemporâneos, bem como apresento o enquadramento histórico-social do autor e da obra. Num segundo momento, reflicto acerca de alguns contributos teóricos no âmbito da tradução dramática, de modo a não só delimitar as linhas de pensamento que orientarão a tradução da presente dissertação, como também explicitar alguns problemas pontuais da mesma.
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Latif, Qaisar [Verfasser], Alan [Akademischer Betreuer] Huckleberry, Alan [Gutachter] Huckleberry, Bruce [Gutachter] Gilligan, and Ivan [Gutachter] Penkov. "On the pseudoconcavity of flag domains / Qaisar Latif ; Gutachter: Alan Huckleberry, Bruce Gilligan, Ivan Penkov ; Betreuer: Alan Huckleberry." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148104003/34.
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Adkins, David A. "Scenic Design for Alan Ayckbourn's Taking Steps." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AdkinsDA2003.pdf.
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Impiö, N. (Niklas). "Paikallinen pienisanastoinen puheentunnistus verrattuna alan johtaviin pilvipalveluihin." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201906212617.
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Tiivistelmä. Työssä tarkasteltiin konvoluutioverkkoon pohjautuvan pienisanastoisen paikallisen puheentunnistuksen tuloksia verrattuna suosittuihin pilvipalveluihin. Saaduista tuloksista arvioitiin tunnistustarkkuutta ja -aikaa työasematietokoneella sekä sulatetulla laitteella suoritettujen testien välillä. Testejä varten koulutettiin kolme puheentunnistuskonvoluutioneuroverkkoa käyttäen eri koulutusalgoritmeja. Pilvipalveluita testeissä edustivat Google SR, Google Cloud SR ja Microsoft Azure SR.
Puheentunnistusjärjestelmiä testattiin käyttäen projektin aikana neuroverkkojen koulutusta varten kerättyjä äänitiedostoja. Testit suoritettiin kahdella eri testilaitteella ja käyttäen kahta eri koulutus-, validointi- ja testausryhmä jakoa. Jaon tarkoituksena oli tarkastella miten paikalliset tunnistustulokset muuttuivat puhujariippuvaisen ja puhujasta riippumattoman koulutusjoukon välillä. Nähtiin, että koulutukseen vaadittaisiin lisää dataa, jotta pystyttäisiin tavoiteltuun 80 % tai suurempaan tunnistustarkkuuteen.
Testeissä myös tarkasteltiin puheentunnistusjärjestelmien suoriutumista, kun syötetiedostoja manipuloitiin aikasiirron tai lisätyn taustamelun/kohinan avulla. Paikalliset tunnistusneuroverkot suoriutuivat paremmin aikasiirtotesteissä 17–19 % tunnistustarkkuuden laskulla verrattuna pilvipalveluiden 20–31 % laskuun. Pilvipalvelut puolestaan suoriutuivat paremmin lisätyn taustamelun ja kohinan testeissä tunnistustarkuuden laskiessa 17–34 % verrattuna paikallisten tunnistusjärjestelmien 27–40 % muutokseen.
Testituloksien perusteella pohdittiin paikallisen ja pilvipalvelupohjaisen puheentunnistuksen vahvuuksia ja heikkouksia sekä miten nämä vaikuttavat potentiaalisiin käyttötarkoituksiin ja -ympäristöihin. Toteamme paikallisten pienisanaisten puheentunnistusjärjestelmien pystyvät kilpailemaan ja jopa ohittamaan alan johtavat pilvipalvelut rajatuissa käyttötarkoituksissa.Local limited vocabulary Finnish speech recognition compared to leading cloud services. Abstract. This work reviews how local small vocabulary Finnish convolutional neural network speech recognition fares against popular cloud services. Collected results were analyzed based on recognition accuracy and time using desktop computer and an embedded device. For the tests, three convolutional neural networks were trained using different training algorithms. Google Speech Recognition, Google Cloud Speech Recognition and Microsoft Azure Speech Recognition were the Finnish supporting cloud based speech recognition services used in the tests.
Speech recognition solutions were tested using audio files that were collected for training the local neural networks. All tests were performed with two test devices and using two differently selected training, validation and testing groups. The reason for two different training groups was to see how the local recognition results change between speaker dependent and independent training groups. The results were that the amount of training data were lacking for the speaker independent speech recognition accuracy to reach the desirable 80% threshold.
The tests also reviewed how different speech recognition systems performed when the test data was manipulated using time shifting and added background noise. Local recognition neural networks performed better in time shift tests with 17–19% decrease in recognition accuracy compared to 20–31% seen in cloud services. The cloud services in turn outperformed local solutions with 17–34% decrease in recognition accuracy compared to 27–40% in test categories with added background noise.
Based on the collected results, the work discusses the strengths and weaknesses of local and cloud based speech recognition and how they affect potential use cases and scenarios. The thesis concludes that local small vocabulary Finnish speech recognition systems can compete with and in some cases even outperform leading cloud services.
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Bispo, Danilo Gustavo. "A teoria da computação de Alan Turing." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21265.
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-03<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The present work aims to expose the study of some aspects that permeated the emergence of
Computing Theory of Alan Mathison Turing at the beginning of the 20th century. According to
previous research, it is suggested that this occurred in part, due to a theoretical consequence of the
development of mathematics. At the end of the nineteenth century there was an effort expended by
some thinkers whose aim was to clarify the nature of truth in mathematics, a problem put in sharp
evidence by the turbulent stage in the development of mathematical thinking between about 1870 and
1940 with the emergence of new types of geometry. This stage can also be interpreted as "the crisis of
fundamentals" and visualized as the outcome of the development phase corresponding to the
emergence of contemporary science. Within this context, the idea will now be to broaden the research
to identify details of the projects that were not successful but that also had their contribution or
influenced in some way the emergence of the theory that established key concepts for the digital
computer model<br>O presente trabalho tem como objetivo expor o estudo de alguns aspectos que permearam o surgimento
da Teoria da Computação de Alan Mathison Turing no início do século XX. De acordo com pesquisa,
sugere-se que isso tenha ocorrido em parte, devido a uma consequência teórica do desenvolvimento da
matemática. No final do século XIX houve um esforço despendido por parte de alguns pensadores cujo
o intuito estava em clarificar a natureza da verdade em matemática, problema posto em aguda
evidência pela turbulenta etapa no desenvolvimento do pensamento matemático ocorrido entre
aproximadamente 1870 e 1940 com o surgimento de novos tipos de geometria. Esta etapa também pode
ser interpretada como "a crise dos fundamentos" e visualizada como o desfecho da fase de
desenvolvimento correspondente ao surgimento da ciência contemporânea. Dentro deste contexto, a
ideia será agora ampliar a investigação procurando identificar detalhes dos projetos que não foram
bem-sucedidos, mas que também tiveram sua contribuição ou influenciaram de algum modo o
surgimento da teoria que estabeleceu conceitos chave para o modelo do computador digital
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Becker, Dominique. "Alan Watts (1915-1973) : le philosophe-artiste." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN21014.
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Notre sujet, Alan Watts : le philosophe artiste, nous permet de présenter les conceptions d'Alan Watts, personnalité marquante du mouvement de la contre-culture aux Etats-Unis. Nous pensons que le terme de "philosophe-artiste", utilisé par Watts, rend compte de l'ensemble de sa conception de la vie, des formes de psychologie et de psychothérapie ainsi que des religions et métaphysiques occidentales et orientales, particulièrement la mystique chrétienne et le bouddhisme zen. Notre travail s'articule en trois parties : dans la première, l'approche incidente, nous étudions la vie et les idées d'Alan Watts pour aboutir à certaines acceptations du terme "philosophe-artiste" où transparaissent fantaisie, absence de sérieux, cynisme et attrait pour des personnages particuliers des religions primitives, les chamans et les tricksters. L'approche directe nous fera aborder de front la notion de philosophie-artiste, les définitions des termes "philosophe" et "artiste" et les valeurs ajoutées ou retranchées par le second mot au premier : le philosophe-artiste apparaîtra comme un chercheur de sagesse à la fois fantaisiste, constamment étonné, interprète et esthète : la fantaisie de Watts apparaît dans son style, son recours à l'humour, au jeu et à l'absence de but, Watts-l'esthète apprécie la danse et la musique, voit dans la beauté terrestre le reflet de la beauté divine et, par conséquent goûte la beauté de la vie et l'intensité émotionnelle de la pratique religieuse. Nous nous demanderons enfin où mène la voie du philosophe-artiste et situerons Watts entre Nietzsche et Granier. Dans l'approche circulaire, nous étudions l'influence de Watts sur la contre-culture et l'intérêt que Watts suscite aujourd'hui, puis nous situerons Watts par rapport à des penseurs tels que Trungpa, Merton, Fromm, Huxley et Graf Durckheim<br>In our doctoral thesis, Alan Watts : the philosopher as artist, we present the ideas of Alan Watts, a key figure of the American counterculture. We believe that the terms "philosopher as artist" account for most of Watts's ideas concerning psychology, psychotherapy, eastern and western religions and metaphysics, especially Christian mysticism and zen buddhism. First, in the incidental approach, we study Watts's life and ideas and this leads us to a number of definitions of the "philosopher as artist", showing originality, lack of seriousness, cynism and a special attraction for such primitive characters as the shaman and the trickster. In the direct approach, we start from the notion of "philosopher as artist", explore several definitions of "the philosopher" and "the artist" and study what the latter term adds to or removes from the former : the philosopher as artist appears as someone in search of wisdom, who is at once original, constantly bewildered, is an interpreter and an aesthete. Watts's originality appears in his style, humour, play and purposelessness. Watts as an aesthete appreciates music and dance, recognises in beauty a reflection of divine beauty and, accordingly, tastes the beauty of life and the emotion derived from religious practice. We shall eventually wonder where the way of the philosopher as artist leads, and conclude that Watts stands between Nietzsche and Granier. In our third part, the circular approach, we study the influence of Watts on the American counter-culture and the interest for Watts today, and, last, we shall relate Watts to such thinkers as Trungpa, Merton, Fromm, Huxley and Graf Durckheim
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Daughtery, Elaine DiFalco. "Taking Steps by Alan Ayckbourn: A Directorial Challenge." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DaughteryED2005.pdf.
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Greene, Liz. "Alan Splet and Sound Design : An archival study." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529533.
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Niemi, K. (Kati). "IT-alan yrityksen asiakaspalvelun ongelmanratkaisun tehostaminen työntekijöiden näkökulmasta." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201405281555.
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Yrityksen asiakaspalvelu on ensimmäinen ja tärkein taho, joka näkyy yrityksestä ulospäin asiakkaille. Yrityksen asiakaspalvelun toimivuus vaikuttaa suoraan asiakkaiden tyytyväisyyteen. Asiakaspalveluprosessi on ratkaisevassa asemassa miten hyvin tai huonosti asiakaspalvelun työt sujuvat. Jos asiakaspalvelulla ei ole yhteisiä pelisääntöjä miten työt hoidetaan, hukataan turhaan aikaa ja resursseja esimerkiksi päällekkäisiin töihin.
Asiakaspalvelun työkaluna on usein toiminnanohjausjärjestelmä, joka omalta osaltaan ohjaa asiakaspalvelun työskentelyä. Hyvin suunniteltu ja toimiva toiminnanohjausjärjestelmä tehostaa asiakaspalvelun ongelmanratkaisua.
Aikaisempi tutkimus osoittaa, että asiakaspalveluprosessin tukena ja tehostamisessa voidaan käyttää erilaisia kehyksiä ja standardeja. Asiakaspalvelun haasteiksi on todettu asiakaspalvelun rakenne, asiakaspalvelun työkalu, asiakaspalvelun ja virheidenkorjauksen välisen rajapinnan toimimattomuus sekä asiakaspalvelun ohjeiden puuttuminen. Asiakaspalvelu tarvitsee tehokkaseen ongelmanratkaisuun asiakaspalvelun työkalun tai yrityksen toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän. Asiakaspalvelun työkaluja ovat myös useimmin kysytyimmät kysymykset järjestelmä FAQ (Frequently Asked Question) ja ratkaisupankki. Ratkaisupankkeja voidaan tarjota myös asiakkaiden käyttöön.
Tämä tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tapaustutkimuksena. Tutkimuksen kohteena oli suuri IT–alan yritys, jossa asiakaspalveluprosessi noudattaa ITIL:n (Information Technology Infrastructure Library) periaatteita. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kyselyllä, joka lähetettiin 113:lle yrityksen asiakaspalvelussa työskentelevälle henkilölle. Kyselyyn vastasi 31 henkilöä. Työntekijät kokivat yrityksessä käytössä olevan asiakaspalveluprosessin olevan pääsääntöisesti hyvä. Puuttuvien kuvausten ja sovittujen toimintatapojen lisääminen vielä tehostaisi asiakaspalveluprosessia. Asiakaspalvelun käytössä olevan tietojärjestelmän koettiin sisältävän asiakaspalvelun tarvitsemat perustoiminnot. Kuitenkin yhteinen tietojärjestelmä tuotekehityksen kanssa tehostaisi työntekijöiden mielestä asiakaspalvelua. Työntekijät haluaisivat lisäksi toimivan ratkaisutietopankin, joka tehostaisi myös asiakaspalvelun toimintaa.
Tutkimus vahvisti aikaisempaa tutkimusta aiheesta. Lisäksi IT-alan asiakaspalvelua ja asiakaspalveluprosessia on syytä tutkia lisää, koska toimiva ja tehokas asiakaspalvelu on sekä asiakkaan että yrityksen etu.
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Timonen, T. (Tuomas). "IT-alan yrityksen houkuttelevuuden kehittäminen työnantajana sosiaalisessa mediassa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605121715.
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Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma tehdään toimeksiantona Landis+Gyr Oy:lle, joka on energianhallintaan erikoistunut Toshiban itsenäinen tytäryhtiö. Toimeksiantajayritys rekrytoi jatkuvasti ja se haluaa varmistaa osaavien työntekijöiden kiinnostuksen myös jatkossa. Tänä päivänä IT-alan työntekijöiden kysyntä on suurta, sillä yleisesti yritysten tuotteet ja palvelut perustuvat yhä enenevissä määrin IT-alan ohjelmistoihin tai -tekniikkaan. Hankkimalla kyvykkäimmät työntekijät kehittää yritys kilpailukykyään suhteessa kilpailijoihinsa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, kuinka IT-alan yritys voi kehittää houkuttelevuuttaan työnantajana sosiaalisessa mediassa. Jotta yrityksen houkuttelevuutta työnantajana voidaan kehittää, päätettiin tutkimuksessa etsiä tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat IT-alan nykyisten tai potentiaalisten työntekijöiden sitoutumiseen yrityksen sosiaalisen median sivuihin.
Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys muodostetaan kolmesta aihepiiristä, joita ovat digitaalinen markkinointi sosiaalisessa mediassa, sitoutuminen ja siihen vaikuttavat tekijät sosiaalisessa mediassa sekä työnantajabrändääminen. Teorian perusteella muodostetaan käsitys siitä, mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat IT-alan nykyisten tai potentiaalisten työntekijöiden motivaatioon sitoutua yrityksen sosiaalisen median sivuihin ja, kuinka yrityksen on kannattavaa kommunikoida työnantajabrändiin liittyvää viestintää kohdeyleisölleen.
Tämä tutkimus on teorialähtöinen. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osio on toteutettu keräämällä aineisto IT-alan nykyisiltä ja potentiaalisilta työntekijöiltä sähköisen kyselylomakkeen avulla. Vastauksia kyselyyn saatiin yhteensä 381 kappaletta, joista tutkimuksen kohdeyleisöön kuuluvia oli 345. Kerätty aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisin menetelmin, joista päätutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin konfirmatorista faktorianalyysiä. Tilastollisen analyysin perusteella luotiin malli, joka havainnollistaa tutkimuksen tuloksia.
Teorian perusteella löydettiin viisi tekijää, jotka vaikuttavat sosiaalisen median käyttäjien motivaatioon sitoutua yrityksen sivuihin. Näitä tekijöitä ovat viihde, yhdentyminen ja sosiaalinen vuorovaikutus, henkilökohtainen identiteetti, informaatio ja informaatio yrityksestä työnantajana. Havaitun aineiston perusteella voitiin osoittaa, että viidestä tekijästä neljä olivat sopivia muodostetun mallin kanssa. Näin ollen ei voitu todistaa, että yhdentyminen ja sosiaalinen vuorovaikutus vuorovaikuttaisi kohdeyleisön sitoutumisen kanssa. Tutkimuksessa löydettiin myös muuttujat, joilla kyseisiä tekijöitä voidaan mitata.
Tutkimuksesta saatuja tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää laajalti markkinoinnin ja henkilöstöhallinnon toimenpiteissä. Ymmärtämällä IT-alan nykyisten ja potentiaalisten työntekijöiden yrityksen sosiaalisen median sivuihin sitoutumiseen vaikuttavat tekijät, voivat markkinoinnin ja henkilöstöhallinnon ammattilaiset kohdentaa kommunikaationsa yleisölle tätä kiinnostavalla sekä sitouttavalla tavalla. Toimimalla näin, ansaitsee yritys pitkällä tähtäimellä kilpailuetua, jota osaavat työntekijät tuovat. Tutkimus tarjoaa myös kattavan lähtötilanteen jatkotutkimukselle sekä esimerkiksi uusien tekijöiden löytämiselle.
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Kinnear, Tyler 1985. "Alan Hovhaness and the Creation of the 'Modern Free Noh Play'." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10308.
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xi, 135 p. : ill., music. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>American composer Alan Hovhaness (1911-2000) published twelve operatic
works during his career. Eight of these staged productions were written between the
years 1959 and 1969. During these ten years Hovhaness immersed himself in the music
and theatre of Japan. The composer traveled to Japan twice, once in 1960 and again in
1962, where he frequently attended Noh plays. As composer-in-residence at the
University of Hawaii in 1961, Hovhaness took private lessons on and composed freely
for the instruments of Gagaku, the ancient court music of Japan.
My study investigates the degree to which Hovhaness was exposed to Gagaku and
Noh, and what elements of these Japanese alts the composer manifests in his staged
works between 1959 and 1969. I compare Hovhaness' treatment of Japanese elements to
that ofother twentieth-century Western composers interested in East Asian music.
Through this study we gain greater knowledge of Hovhaness' operatic style.<br>Committee in Charge:
Dr. Marian Smith, Chair;
Dr. Anne Dhu McLucas;
Dr. Jack Boss
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Bujotzek, Manfred. "The portrait of the Maori's cultural treasures in Alan Duff's work : Taonga /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783830036609.
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Yeates, Charl Alan. "Biocatalytic resolution of substituted styrene oxides / Charl Alan Yeates." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1489.
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Celić, Alan [Verfasser]. "Performance of Modern Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models / Alan Celic." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1186575085/34.
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Gorman, Sara Elizabeth. "Transformative Allegory: Imagination from Alan of Lille to Spenser." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10916.
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This dissertation traces the progress of the personified imagination from the twelfth-century De planctu Naturae to the sixteenth-century Faerie Queene, arguing that the transformability of the personified imagination becomes a locus for questioning personification allegory across the entire period. The dissertation demonstrates how, even while the imagination seems to progress from a position of subordination to a position of dominance, certain features of the imagination's unstable nature reappear repeatedly at every stage in this period's development of the figure. Deep suspicion of the faculty remains a regular part of the imagination's allegorical representation throughout these five centuries. Within the period, we witness the imagination trying to assert its allegorical position in the context of other, more established allegorical figures such as Reason and Nature. In this way, the history of the personification of the imagination is surprisingly continuous from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries. This "continuity" is not absolute but functions as a consistent recombination of a standard set of features of and attitudes toward imagination that rematerializes regularly. In order to understand this phenomenon at any point in these five centuries, it is essential to examine imagination across the entire period. In particular, the dissertation discovers an alternative, more nuanced view of the personified imagination than has thus far been posited. The imagination is a thoroughly ambivalent character, always on the cusp of transformation, and nearly always locked in a power struggle with other allegorical figures. At the same time, as the allegorical imagination repeatedly attempts to establish itself, it becomes a locus for intense questioning of the meaning and process of personification. The imagination remains transformative, uncertain, and at times terrifying throughout this entire period.
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Akten, Murat Yılmaz Oğuz Gül Atila. "Isparta Ovasının optimal alan kullanım planlaması üzerine bir araştırma /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01156.pdf.
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Elmas, Onur Köylü Halis. "50 Hz elektromanyetik alan maruziyetinin kalp üzerine anlık etkisi /." Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2007. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00349.pdf.
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Nightingale, Andrew. "Reanimating Alan : investigating narrative and science in contemporary poetry." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/295466/.
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This practice‐based research is a long creative work about Alan Turing. It consists of a series that includes prose, narrative poems and visual poems. An accompanying critical commentary, which is split into three sections, addresses the relationship between narrative and seriality, ways in which scientific notations can be used in visual poetry, and aspects of biographical and civil poetry. A finalsection contains a selection of creative approaches to commentary that reflect on research in a manner that is complementary to the critical commentary. The research was carried out through a process of repeated planning and experimentation that has resulted in a variety of forms and procedures, ranging from the accessible and conventional to the idiosyncratic and experimental. A method of investigating narrative was created by allowing narrative and serial formsto intersect throughout the creative work. A means of bringing science and literature into relation was sought through a process of forceful combination of scientific notations with literary or occult materials. And alternative possibilities for biographical poetry were investigated through resistance to celebration and through experiment with formal propertiesin poetry that could be appropriate to Turing. The creative work and critical commentary find new models for the relationship between narrative and seriality in which the will to create narrative is not denied and seriality is not a mere absence of narrative. They find new means by which science and literature can come into contact through visual poetry. They help to define a unique role for poetry in biographical writing in the way that poetry allows the subject to be embodied formally. And they set up a productive dialogue between experimental andmore established writing strategies.
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Grompone, Romeo. "Los cien primeros días del gobierno de Alan García." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2006. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/47270.
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Mercan, Özlem Babayev Arif. "Kane tipli yarıiletken kuantum yapılarında magnetik alanda yük taşıyıcılarının enerji spektrumları /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01120.pdf.
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Brecan, Ana-Maria [Verfasser], Alan [Akademischer Betreuer] Huckleberry, Ivan [Akademischer Betreuer] Penkov, and Joseph A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolf. "Schubert slices in the combinatorial geometry of flag domains / Ana-Maria Brecan. Betreuer: Alan Huckleberry. Gutachter: Alan Huckleberry ; Ivan Penkov ; Joseph A. Wolf." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1081256109/34.
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Dinsmore, Brad Alan. "Conversations." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/b_dinsmore_041709.pdf.
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Schulz, Jennifer [Verfasser], and Alan [Akademischer Betreuer] Tennant. "Energieanalyse und Fokussierung von Neutronenstrahlen / Jennifer Schulz. Betreuer: Alan Tennant." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036262995/34.
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Hinz, William. "Alan Watts' theological anthropology and its implications for religious education." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60471.
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To those individuals who felt alienated and disillusioned by traditional Western forms of religion, Alan Watts offered a different way of looking at the world and a new understanding of what it means to be religious. Borrowing heavily from Taoism, Zen Buddhism, Vendanta Hinduism and other Eastern traditions, Watts argues that our widely accepted notion of a person as an active, willing agent existing as a lonely island of consciousness is an illusion rooted in social and linguistic conventions.<br>In place of the typical Western image of God as an external personal being governing the universe by means of his omnipotent will and omniscient intellect, Watts argues in favour of the Eastern image of God as the mysterious depth and ground of all being.<br>If education is concerned with the task of enabling a person to grow and mature as a full human being and religion is concerned with fostering the uniquely human capacity to be fully present and open to the mystery and wonder of existence, then it follows that being educated and becoming religious are part of the same process. For Watts, religious education is characterized not according to a specific content but rather an underlying set of values which promote an awareness of humanity's interrelationship and interdependence with the rest of the universe.
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Can, Özlem Aydoğan Tuncay. "Veri yapıları eğitimi alan öğrencilerin listeler konusundaki kavram yanılgılarının belirlenmesi /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01279.pdf.
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Türköz, Perihan Kösekahyaoğlu Levent. "KOBİ'lerin finansman sorunları ve bankaların KOBİ'lere yaklaşımı Isparta alan araştırması /." Isparta : SDÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TS00651.pdf.
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Johnson, Collin Eugene. "The design and implementation of Alan Touring, the Campus Tourbot." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46164.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-127).<br>Alan Touring, the Campus Tourbot, is a robotic tour-guide/tourist robot for parts of the MIT campus. Work on the robot began in January 2006, and for the past 31 months, I have devoted thousands of hours to designing, implementing, and testing the robot. This thesis describes the hardware and software systems created for the robot, performs an evaluation of the robot's functionality, and discusses the public's reactions to the robot when they encountered it driving through their world. As with any robotic system, the development of the Tourbot involved trial-and-error. A critique of some major design decisions that were made and how these decisions affected the development of the robot is performed. Suggestions for how the development process could have been improved based on lessons that I learned are then offered.<br>by Collin Eugene Johnson.<br>M.Eng.
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Kultalahti, M. (Martti). "Suomalaisen kirjanpidon historia ja tulevaisuus:diskurssianalyysi alan lehdistä vuosilta 2010–2015." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201701121055.
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Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kuvata suomalaisen kirjanpidon kehityskaari aina sen ensiaskelista nykypäivän kautta tulevaisuuden näkymiin. Aihetta tutkitaan historiantutkimuksen ja diskurssianalyysin keinoin. Aiheen laajuuden vuoksi tarkastelun painopiste rajattiin erityisesti kansainvälistymisen näkökulmaan, muitakaan, esimerkiksi digitalisaatiota, unohtamatta.
Historiantutkimuksen osiossa käydään läpi suomalaisen kirjanpidon historian merkittävimmät kehitysvaiheet. Historiajakson tarkastelu päättyy 2000-luvulle, jolloin kansallisen kirjanpitomme kansainvälistyminen on päässyt vauhtiin. Tästä eteenpäin suomalaista kirjanpitoa lähdetään arvioimaan diskurssianalyysin keinoin, yhdistellen historiantutkimuksessa tehdyt löydöt nykyiseen ammattilehtien sisältöön. Aineistona diskurssianalyysille toimivat vuosien 2010–2015 ammattilehdistö, tarkemmin Balanssi, Tilintarkastus ja Tilisanomat.
Diskurssianalyysi pyrkii vastaamaan tutkimuksen kysymyksiin taloushallinnon ammattilehtien diskurssien ominaispiirteistä, sekä linkittämään historian ja diskurssit keskenään. Tutkittavana ovat myös mahdolliset hegemoniset diskurssit. Diskurssianalyysi ammentaa etenkin ranskalaisen diskurssianalyysin traditiosta, jossa muun muassa diskurssien historiallisuudella on tärkeä asema. Diskurssianalyysin myötä aineiston artikkeleista poimitaan ja näytetään sopiviksi katsottuja esimerkkejä eri diskursseista.
Hegemonisina diskursseina esitetään kv.-diskurssi ja digidiskurssi. Näistä kv.-diskurssia lähdetään avaamaan sitä tukeviin osadiskursseihin, joita ovat harmonisointidiskurssi, kokodiskurssi sekä kansallinen diskurssi. Sekä hegemonisten diskurssien että osadiskurssien kuvaus esimerkkeineen antaa vastauksen toiseen tutkimuskysymykseen ominaispiirteistä ja hegemonisista diskursseista. Ensimmäiseen tutkimuskysymykseen diskurssien ja historian yhteydestä vastataan kunkin diskurssin kohdalla erikseen, mutta yleistyksenä voidaan sanoa, että diskursseille näyttäisi löytyvän vaikuttimet ja perustansa historiasta. Kolmatta tutkimuskysymystä suomalaisen kirjanpidon tulevaisuudesta diskurssien perusteella käsitellään muutoksen ja siihen liittyvän diskurssin valossa.
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Goutefangea, Patrick. "Alan Turing : La "pensée" des machines et l'idée de pratique." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT3003.
Full textAbstract:
La plausibilite de l'equivalence enoncee par la + these de church-turing ; entre procedure effective de calcul et procede mecanique repose sur la possibilite, pour une + machine universelle ;, de simuler les conditions intuitives du calcul chez un individu humain. En ce sens, la machine universelle renvoie a l'homme, non seulement en tant qu'il calcule, mais en tant qu'il est son createur : la machine doit pouvoir simuler les conditions de sa propre construction. Le + jeu de l'imitation ; imagine par turing a pour fonction d'etablir cette possibilite. Selon turing, l'adversaire humain de la machine au jeu de l'imitation peut etre surpris par celle-ci. Bien plus, il ne dispose d'aucun moyen de distinguer l'imprevisible auquel il est ainsi confronte de celui qu'il attend d'un individu humain dont il postule qu'il pense. L'adversaire humain de la machine est conduit au cours du jeu a faire comme si son interlocuteur mecanique etait pour lui un semblable, c'est-a-dire un autrui. Par la, l'hypothese d'une victoire de la machine au jeu de l'imitation fait appel a la problematique qui regit, dans une optique kantienne, l'examen des conditions de possibilite de la reconnaissance d'un autrui. C'est parce qu'il eleve son adversaire mecanique a la dignite du sujet kantien qu'un individu humain quelconque est defait au cours du jeu de l'imitation. Ainsi, dans le cadre de l'experience imaginee par turing, l'idee de sujet prend sens en tant que moment necessaire du processus d'enonciation-communication. Sous cet angle, l'hypothese de turing conduit a l'affirmation du primat, sur le sujet, du processus d'enonciation-communication. L'idee kantienne de pratique est alors bouleversee : elle contribue a la mise en forme du processus d'enonciation-communication, mais a travers l'erreur de l'adversaire humain de la machine. De sorte que c'est par la critique de sa propre histoire que l'idee philosophique de pratique est a meme de rendre compte du processus d'enonciation-communication<br>The plausibility of an equivalence, enunciated through the + church-turing's thesis ;, between effective procedure of calculus and mechanical procedure, is built on the possibility, for a + universal machine ;, to simulate the intuitive conditions of calculating for a human being. In that sense, the universal machine refers to man not only as he calculates, but also as he is its creator : the machine must be able to simulate the conditions of its own building. Establishing such a possibility is the role of the + imitation game ; proposed by turing. According to turing, a human individual can be surprised during the imitation game by the machine. Furthermore he does not have any means to distinguish the kind of surprise he feels in that case from the one he is expecting from a human individual about which he postulates that he is thinking. During the game, the human adversary of the machine is led to act as if the machine was for him a fellow creature, i. E. Another people. In this way, the machine's victory hypothesis requires the problematic which, from a kantian point of view, governs the study of the conditions of possibility to recognize not only another mind, but another people. A human individual is defeated during the imitation game because he tends to raise his mechanical adversary to the dignity of the kantian subject. Within the frame of the experiment imaginated by turing, the idea of subject takes sense as a necessary moment of the enunciation-communication process. In other words, the turing's hypothesis leads to state the primacy of the enunciation-communication process on the subject. The kantian idea of practice is altered : it takes part to the elaboration of the enunciation-communication process, but it does it through the human error. Then, it is through the critics of its own history that the philosophical idea of practice can explicit the enunciation-communication process. The idea of practice refers to the dynamics of its own criticizing