Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alaotra'
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Teyssier, André. "Contrôle de l'espace et développement rural dans l'Ouest Alaotra : de l'analyse d'un système agraire à un projet de gestion de l'espace rural." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010656.
Full textOne third of the paddy marketed in madagascar comes from the alaotra lake region. The increasing erosion of watersheds has been threatening farming potential in the plain for some ten years. Accordingly, policy-makers and donors' considerations have turned towards neighbouring reliefs to better understand space dynamics, and develop imamba and ivakaka watersheds on the alaotra west side. The hills-which correspond to a peneplain dissected by low-wetlands and worn away by dramatic erosion ("lavaka")- have been steadily colonised by migrant farmers for a long time this can be explained by the attraction the alaotra has exerted on populations from the highlands for two centuries, and relevant investments made to develop the plain. Effects of such a rapid land colonisation are many : dissapearing of primary forests, increased plant fires, intensified challenges on land, higher insecurity and greater enclavement. Migrants and native youth are the prime movers of the newly cultivated areas. Hill farming is characterised by the advantages that extensive systems can induce in an high-risk zone. But some intensification forms can now be observed here and there. A project on "terroir" management has therefore been implemented to develop methods capable of orienting hill farming methods to sustainable farming systems. The involvment of farmers'groups in project designin, and land securisation have appeared essential to make technical operations (mainly reafforestation) successful. Finally, the project has releaved that "terroir" management goes beyong the village scale and makes it necessary to reorganise the public sector machinery
Garin, Patrice. "Dynamiques agraires autour de grands périmètres irrigués : le cas du lac Alaotra à Madagascar." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100149.
Full textBorne, Frédéric. "Methodes numeriques de reconnaissance de paysages, application a la region du lac alaotra, madagascar." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077116.
Full textErismann, Julie. "Développement hydro-agricole au sud-est du lac Alaotra (Madagascar). Histoire, limites et pespectives de la maîtrise de l'eau." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30014/document.
Full textAlaotra lake is the biggest body of fresh water in Madagascar and the vast plains surrounding it, have naturally become highly coveted by the various authorities over the course of it’s history and its colonization. Primarily based on rice cultivation, this region has benefited from numerous rural planning projects. As a result, the landscape as well as the relationship between the people and their land has been transformed. Over time, the combination of knowledges and know-how farmers, technicians and the research interest in this area, have made it Madagascar’s most significant rice granary. This geography thesis is structured around water management, an essential resource in a country based on rural economies. Through the study of the southeastern valleys, we will focus on showing the extent to which the hydro-agricultural planning allows us to consider better agricultural and territorial development and how, in a context of decentralization, the control and the appropriation of natural resources by local actors can lead to renewed management dynamics and procedures in their environment
Ny farihy Alaotra no fihebanandranomandry lehibe indrindra ao Madagasikara , ary ny tany lemaka midadasika manodidina azy no nanitona ny fitsiriritan’ireo manampahefana nifandimby tao amin’ny tantaran’ny fiorenamponenana.Ny fambolem-bary no votoatim-piainana ao amin’io faritany io , ary fanajariana marobe no efa nanova tanteraka ny endrikin’ny tany sy ny fonenana eo . Ny fandrindrana ny fahalalàna sy fahaiza-miasan’ny tantsaha, ny mahay taozavatra , sy ny finiavan’ny mpikarodalana no nahatonga azy ho « lavabarin’i Madagasikara ». Manodidina ny fanafolahana ny rano , andry ijoroan’ny toekarenan’ny antsaha , no namolavolàna ity tandro-kevitra fandinihantany ity. Avy eo amin’ny fikatsahana natao tao amin’ireo lohasaha ao Atsimo-atsinanan’Alaotra no niaingan’ny sainay hampiseho fa ny fanajariana ny rano sy asatany no hahafahana mihevitra ny fivoaram-bokatra amin’ny voly sy ny faritany ; ary koa ao anatin’ny fitsinjarampitondrana , dia hahitàna fa ny fandinihana sy ny fandraisana an-tanana ireo loharanon-karena velona ataon’ny mpiasa eo antoerana no mety hiteraka fampandrosoana sy fivaozan’ny fitantanana ny toe-ponenana manotolo
Ducrot, Raphaele. "REGULATION D'UNE PRODUCTION EN SITUATION D'INCERTITUDES ET DE FORTES CONTRAINTES : EXEMPLE DES SYSTEMES RIZICOLES DU LAC ALAOTRA (MADAGASCAR)." Phd thesis, Institut national agronomique paris-grignon - INA P-G, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410680.
Full textRabehevitra. "La vie rurale sur la bordure est et nord du lac Alaotra : contribution à l'étude géographique des conditions paysannes." Montpellier 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON30004.
Full textThis research does not wholly consider this obvious local lack of balance, but pays particular problems of physical, human and socio-economic conditions of country people life in this eastern interesting as all that, and it is most certainly out of rice-producing chance, but in return, it
Rakotoarijaona, Razafimbelo Niry Minohery. "Les enjeux de la gestion communautaire des ressources naturelles et les politiques environnementales malgaches : l’exemple de la région Alaotra-Mangoro." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1031/document.
Full textAccording to ongoing research, the management of forest areas on Madagascar's east side is currently undergoing a significant evolution, though it differs from one place to another. In the case of the study region (Alaotra-Mangoro), it is limited to an ancestral mode of organization and management where the traditional authorities, the elders (Ray aman-dreny) and the communities are the prime contractors. This traditional management consists of a right to exploit natural resources for the needs of the community. In Madagascar, the imperative of biodiversity conservation is the focus of international attention. New territories are being created with the extension of protected areas; however, the practices of conservation NGOs, supported by donors, mainly exclude local communities and local populations from decision-making processes. But at the same time, new conservation projects are being launched, with the main objective of setting up community-based forest management through the intermediary of the Basic Communities (COBA). We support the idea that a "skillful" integration of local customs within conservation projects will enable the population to derive greater benefit from the rational exploitation of local resources
Bruelle, Guillaume. "Pertinence de l’agriculture de conservation pour tamponner les aléas climatiques : cas des systèmes de culture en riz pluvial au lac Alaotra, Madagascar." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0060/document.
Full textConservation agriculture (CA) is widely disseminated at large scale in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to restore soil fertility and sustainably increase crop production of family farming. As defined by the FAO, CA is based on the three principles of minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and complex crop rotation. Among all the beneficial functions of CA, its ability to improve water balance through mulching can buffer water stress during crop cycle, and hence secure yields when rainfall are limited or poorly distributed. In the Lake Alaotra region of Madagascar, the area under rainfed upland rice has expanded lately. The region being characterized by an erratic rainfall distribution, intra- and inter-annually, CA practice seems appropriate to secure rainfed production. The main objective of this study is to evaluate to which extent this climate hazard can be buffered through the practice of CA. Firstly, we ran a review of the scientific literature to better understand the impact of CA in a wider context. Regarding the projections of population growth and climate change for SSA, CA is considered as a climate-smart option, i.e. an agriculture able to simultaneously mitigate climate change, adapt to this change, and sustainably increase productivity. The different studies illustrated the capacity of CA to maintain, or even increase production in the long-term, and in the shorter-term under limited or poorly distributed rainfall African contexts. These results suggested an ability of CA to adapt to climate change, predicting an increase in rainfall variability in SSA. However, the climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration under CA remained unclear because of a superficial storage which may be unsteady. Then, we focused on the study area to evaluate the potential of CA to buffer rainfall hazard. Using a 4-year dataset monitoring farmers' fields transitioning to CA, we observed a gradual increase in upland rice average yield with a decrease in variability over the consecutive years of CA practice. The data also suggested a capacity of CA to secure early or late sowing. But agro-environmental factors were mainly impacting yields in the region. This exploratory analysis allowed us to observe positive impacts of CA under the climate conditions of the Lake Alaotra region, suggesting an impact on water balance but no information was available to validate this hypothesis. Finally, we focused more precisely on the impact of mulch on water balance and upland rice yields under the climate conditions of the region, using a modeling approach. We ran an virtual experiment with the model PYE-CA to simulate a range of soil and climate conditions met in the region. We confirmed the ability of mulch to reduce, or even suppress, efficiently surface water runoff. We identified the sowing period within which rice growing would be the least impacted by water stress in the region. The results indicated that water availability for rice cropping was slightly impacted by a decrease in runoff for the majority of soil conditions and farmers' usual sowing dates. Beneficial effects of runoff reduction appeared under higher water stress conditions such as early sowing date or crop intensification and yield variability was decreased. This study allowed us to better apprehend the impacts of CA on water balance in the specific climate context of the study area. It would be interesting to integrate these results at the farm-level to identify the pros and cons of adopting CA under the socio-economic context of the Lake Alaotra region of Madagascar
Franco, Stéphanie Bertagnoli Stéphane. "Epidémiologie de la peste porcine africaine dans la région du lac Alaotra (Madagascar) étude des facteurs de risque et estimation de la prévalence /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/1744/1/debouch_1744.pdf.
Full textBianchi, Giorgio. "Comportement et nuisibilité de Maliarpha separatella Ragonot (Lép. Phycitinae) dans les rizières malagaches du lac Alaotra et modélisation de la dynamique de ses populations /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1989. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8959.
Full textLammers, Pina Lena [Verfasser], Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter, Jasmin [Gutachter] Mantilla-Contreras, and Jonah [Gutachter] Ratsimbazafy. "Conservation perspectives at Lake Alaotra, Madagascar – ecological state, nature protection and resource use / Pina Lena Lammers ; Gutachter: Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras, Jonah Ratsimbazafy ; Betreuer: Torsten Richter." Hildesheim : Stiftung Universität Hildesheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205462627/34.
Full textRanaivoson, Lalaina. "Etude des fonctions agro-écologiques des principes de l'agriculture de conservation dans l'amélioration de la production du riz pluviale dans la région du lac Alaotra (Madagascar)." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0043/document.
Full textConservation agriculture (CA) is based on the principles of minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover and diversification of crop species grown in rotations and/or associations. CA was introduced in the late 90s in the Lake Alaotra region, Madagascar, in order to improve rainfed crop productivity which is commonly constrained by low soil fertility, soil water stress and weed infestation. The main objective of this study was to quantify and understand the impact of CA on rainfed rice productivity as compared to the practice of conventional tillage (CT). First, a review of literature was conducted on the agro-ecological functions of mulching with crop residues in relation to their quantity. The literature review showed that the optimal amount of residues required principally depends on the agro-ecological function searched for. Residue amounts of 2 to 3 t ha-1 had clear positive effects in terms of improving water infiltration and limiting water runoff and soil erosion. On the other hand, results on weed control, nutrient availability and soil fauna in relation to the amount of mulch were highly variable, suggesting the interaction of these agro-ecological functions with other factors, including residue type and soil-climate conditions. Second, two field experiments were monitored at the research center of FOFIFA in the Lake Alaotra region. A first experiment aiming at quantifying the physical effect of a mulch of crop residues on weed infestation, with amounts of surface residues ranging from 0 to 45 t ha-1 showed that the emergence and biomass of weeds on mulched plots depend mainly on the quantity and distribution of rainfall during the cropping season. Overall, weed emergence and biomass decreased with increasing amounts of mulch. However, a large quantity of residues, i.e. in the order of 10 t ha-1, was required to significantly (p<0.05) reduce weed pressure as compared to a bare soil under the agro-ecological conditions of our experiments. The second experiment was conducted during six years (2009/10 to 2014/15), and a 2-year rotation of maize + Dolichos lablab // rice and a 3-year rotation of maize + Stylosanthes guianensis // S. guianensis // rice were combined with three soil/residue management practices and two level of fertilization. Two levels of weed pressure were added as split-plot in 2013/14 and 2014/15. Higher rice grain yields on CA plots as compared to CT plots in the fifth and sixth year of the CA practice were mainly related to a decline of weed pressure under CA. Soil water and mineral nitrogen dynamics did not differ markedly between CA and CT and were strongly influenced by the rainfall pattern. Finally, the use of the concept of stability analysis and the yield gap approach to analyze the variation of rice yield under the 6 crop seasons from 2009/10 to 2014/15 showed that the effects of treatments including crop rotation, soil and residue management, and fertilization levels interact with other factors likely related to the spatial variability of the experimental design. Results of our study suggest that both agro-ecological function of mulch searched for and rainfall conditions should be taken into account when promoting CA systems to improve crop productivity in the Lake Alaotra region. Practicing CA with typical amounts of residues that are produced on farmer’s field (i.e. 1 – 2 t ha-1) is sufficient to control water runoff and soil erosion. However, extra amounts of crop residues are required to effectively control weed infestation. These extra amounts could be produced with the introduction of high biomass-producing crop rotations and could decrease the labor pressure from weeding
Rakotoarisoa, Tsiry Fanilonirina [Verfasser], Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter, Jasmin [Gutachter] Mantilla-Contreras, and Rainer [Gutachter] Buchwald. "Use of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in poor and remote regions – a case study from Lake Alaotra, Madagascar / Tsiry Fanilonirina Rakotoarisoa ; Gutachter: Jasmin Mantilla-Contreras, Rainer Buchwald ; Betreuer: Torsten Richter." Hildesheim : Universität Hildesheim, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1151638471/34.
Full textSmadja-Rakotondramanitra, Tiana. "Approche économique de la qualité d’un bien intermédiaire : application à la filière rizicole dans l’Alaotra-Mangoro (Madagascar)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100144/document.
Full textMadagascar suffers from a chronic insufficiency of rice, the staple food of the population.The value chain is struggling to emerge from dependence on imports and even less to develop exports.We try to see how these poor performances reflect a "quality crisis" in rice exchanges by means of themarket model of Harrison White (2002) and its concept of market “viability” based on quality issues.To be viable, market needs to be governed by an order of quality defined by perceptions on ricequality from actors at play. The intermediaries have then to orient upstream or downstream theiractivities depending on where the greatest uncertainty on quality is in order to take into accountquality perceptions by the actors involved. Rice exchanges analysis in the Alaotra-Mangoro gives thefollowing results. 1 / Three rice marketing channels are theoretically viable. The “dominating”marketing channel and the “marginal” one are respectively ruled by a "domestic" quality conventionaround the nutritious quality of paddy and an "industrial" one around the esthetic quality of milledrice. Both quality conventions exist on the "transitional" channel: the "domestic" convention is sharedby upstream and the "industrial" one by downstream. 2 / The order of quality on this last marketingchannel would be a compromise between the two existing conventions and is materialized by areferential of esthetic and nutritious quality. 3 / The recognition of these two quality conventions andof the need for compromise between them would enable rice exchanges to be viable and then wouldend the "quality crisis" at the origin of the poor performances of the Malagasy rice value chain
Leite, Alaor [Verfasser]. "Notstand und Strafe. : Grundlinien einer Revision des Schuldbegriffs. / Alaor Leite." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1238485812/34.
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