Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alarm reaction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alarm reaction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Alarm reaction"

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Bliss, James P., Laticia Bowens, Rebecca Krefting, Ashley Byler, and Anastasia Gibson. "Collective Mistrust of Alarms." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 17 (September 2002): 1584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601712.

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Recently, alarm systems have become more sensitive and ubiquitous. Unfortunately, sensitive alarm systems may produce greater numbers of false alarms, lowering an operator's level of trust and degrading task performance. In the past, researchers have considered only situations where individuals react to alarms. Because of the frequency and variability of teamed alarm reaction scenarios, we investigated the reactions of independent and dependent teams to marginally reliable alarms. Based on prior literature, we expected dependent teams to show slower but more appropriate alarm reactions and poorer ongoing task performances. One hundred four general psychology students (52 two-person teams) independently or dependently performed a psychomotor task while reacting to alarms that were 30%, 50%, or 70% reliable. Participants responded more frequently to alarms of higher reliability, and less appropriately to those of medium reliability. Generally, dependent teams made more appropriate alarm reactions. Our results suggest that designers and trainers should promote team interdependence when operators are faced with marginally reliable signals.
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Fallon, Corey K., Ernesto A. Bustamante, James P. Bliss, and Brittany L. Anderson. "Combating Cry Wolf: The Effects of Synthetic Verbal Alarm Urgency on Choice Reaction Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 17 (September 2005): 1508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901701.

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Researchers have shown that increasing the perceived urgency of nonverbal auditory alarms can meliorate alarm response performance degradation due to the cry wolf effect. We conducted two experiments to examine the effects of verbal alarm urgency on the cry wolf effect. Experiment 1 revealed that participants responded significantly less often and correctly rejected more urgent alarms. Experiment 2 revealed that the results in Experiment 1 were contingent on the presence of additional task critical information. Response degradation due to the cry wolf effect was not moderated by alarm urgency in either study. However, the results suggest that performance may still benefit from increased alarm urgency provided additional task critical information is available. These results can be utilized to design verbal alarm systems that evoke more appropriate reactions to false alarms.
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Waterson, James, and Arkadiusz Bedner. "Types and Frequency of Infusion Pump Alarms and Infusion-Interruption to Infusion-Recovery Times for Critical Short Half-Life Infusions: Retrospective Data Analysis." JMIR Human Factors 6, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): e14123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14123.

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Background Alarm fatigue commonly leads to a reduced response to alarms. Appropriate and timely response to intravenous pump alarms is crucial to infusion continuity. The difficulty of filtering out critical short half-life infusion alarms from nonurgent alarms is a key challenge for risk management for clinicians. Critical care areas provide ample opportunities for intravenous medication error with the frequent administration of high-alert, critical short half-life infusions that require rigorous maintenance for continuity of delivery. Most serious medication errors in critical care occur during the execution of treatment, with performance-level failures outweighing rule-based or knowledge-based mistakes. Objective One objective of this study was to establish baseline data for the types and frequency of alarms that critical care clinicians are exposed to from a variety of infusion devices, including both large volume pumps and syringe drivers. Another objective was to identify the volume of these alarms that specifically relate to critical short half-life infusions and to evaluate user response times to alarms from infusion devices delivering these particular infusions. Methods The event logs of 1183 infusion pumps used in critical care environments and in general care areas within the European region were mined for a range of alarm states. The study then focused on a selection of infusion alarms from devices delivering critical short half-life infusions that would warrant rapid attention from clinicians in order to avoid potentially harmful prolonged infusion interruption. The reaction time of clinicians to infusion-interruption states and alarms for the selected critical short half-life infusions was then calculated. Results Initial analysis showed a mean average of 4.50 alarms per infusion in the general critical care pump population as opposed to the whole hospital rate of 1.39. In the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) group, the alarms per infusion value was significantly above the mean average for all critical care areas, with 8.61 alarms per infusion. Infusion-interruption of critical short half-life infusions was found to be a significant problem in all areas of the general critical care pump population, with a significant number of downstream (ie, vein and access) occlusion events noted. While the mean and median response times to critical short half-life infusion interruptions were generally within the half-lives of the selected medications, there was a high prevalence of outliers in terms of reaction times for all the critical short half-life infusions studied. Conclusions This study gives an indication of what might be expected in critical care environments in terms of the volume of general infusion alarms and critical short half-life infusion alarms, as well as for clinician reaction times to critical short half-life infusion-interruption events. This study also identifies potentially problematic areas of the hospital for alarm fatigue and for particular issues of infusion and infusion-line management. Application of the proposed protocols can help create benchmarks for pump alarm management and clinician reaction times. These protocols can be applied to studies on the impact of alarm fatigue and for the evaluation of protocols, infusion-monitoring strategies, and infusion pump-based medication safety software aimed at reducing alarm fatigue and ensuring the maintenance of critical short half-life infusions. Given the frequency of infusion alarms seen in this study, the risk of alarm fatigue due to the white noise of pump alarms present in critical care, to which clinicians are constantly exposed, is very high. Furthermore, the added difficulties of maintaining critical short half-life infusions, and other infusions in specialist areas, are made clear by the high ratio of downstream occlusion to infusion starts in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The ability to quantitatively track the volume of alarms and clinician reaction times contributes to a greater understanding of the issues of alarm fatigue in intensive care units. This can be applied to clinical audit, can allow for targeted training to reduce nuisance alarms, and can aid in planning for improvement in the key area of maintenance of steady-state plasma levels of critical short half-life infusions. One clear conclusion is that the medication administration rights should be extended to include right maintenance and ensured delivery continuity of critical short half-life infusions.
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Barreto, Rodrigo Egydio. "Mianserin affects alarm reaction to conspecific chemical alarm cues in Nile tilapia." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 43, no. 1 (August 23, 2016): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-016-0279-2.

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Volpato, Gilson, and Percília Giaquinto. "HUNGER SUPPRESSES THE ONSET AND THE FREEZING COMPONENT OF THE ANTIPREDATOR RESPONSE TO CONSPECIFIC SKIN EXTRACT IN PINTADO CATFISH." Behaviour 138, no. 10 (2001): 1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390152822175.

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AbstractAlthough the skin of an injured conspecific releases alarm substance in some fish species, it has been shown that such damage induces feeding behaviour rather than an alarm reaction under conditions of food scarcity. We studied chemical communication associated with this paradox in a Brazilian catfish, the pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans). In preliminary tests pintado were confirmed to demonstrate an alarm reaction to conspecific skin extract. In the experiment we investigated whether skin extract of pintado induces either alarm response (panic or alert component) or feeding in hungry conspecifics. Fish feed-deprived for eight days and fed control fish were exposed to either conspecific skin extract or distilled water (as a control). Alarm reaction was restricted to the skin extract treatment and occurred in the fish irrespective of their hunger state, but the components of this response were significantly affected by hungry. Fed fish showed a complete alarm reaction (dashing and freezing behaviours). Feed-deprived fish exhibited only part of this biphasic response, the dashing component. We conclude that chemicals from injured fish elicit an alarm reaction, which is partially inhibited by feeding motivation.
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Rehnberg, Bradley G., R. J. F. Smith, and B. D. Sloley. "The reaction of pearl dace (Pisces, Cyprinidae) to alarm substance: time-course of behavior, brain amines, and stress physiology." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 2916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-442.

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Pearl dace, Semotilus margarita (Pisces, Cyprinidae), respond behaviorally and physiologically to conspecific alarm substance. The behavioral alarm reaction was biphasic. A brief initial phase of rapid and unpredictable swimming was followed by a period of inactivity that was observable even after 5 h. In nature, biphasic behavioral reactions may function to remove alarmed fish from the area of greatest danger and then render them inconspicuous. The physiological alarm reaction included elements of a stress response. Concentrations of plasma cortisol and glucose were elevated at 15 min after the detection of alarm substance, but had returned to control levels by 5 h. There were no odor-induced changes observed in brain concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or tryptophan. The biphasic behavioral response and the physiological stress response were interpreted as adaptations that permit pearl dace to successfully react to threats of predation.
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Bliss, James P., and Eric Chancey. "The Effects of Alarm System Reliability and Reaction Training Strategy on Alarm Responses." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 54, no. 27 (September 2010): 2248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193121005402706.

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Bliss, James P. "Alarm Reaction Patterns by Pilots as a Function of Reaction Modality." International Journal of Aviation Psychology 7, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0701_1.

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Hugie, D. M., and R. J. F. Smith. "Epidermal club cells are not linked with an alarm response in reedfish, Erpetoichthys (= Calamoichthys) calabaricus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 2057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-314.

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Club cells in the epidermis of reedfish, Erpetoichthys (= Calamoichthys) calabaricus (Pisces, Polypteriformes), are morphologically similar, perhaps homologous, to the "alarm substance cells" found in the skin of cypriniform fishes. Cypriniforms perform a fright reaction when they detect chemicals released from the damaged alarm substance cells of conspecifics. We examined the response of reedfish to conspecific skin extract and checked for a cross reaction to reedfish extract by a cypriniform fish, the zebra danio, Brachydanio rerio. Reedfish responded to conspecific skin extract with an increase in activity but this response did not resemble a fright reaction. Zebra danios responded to reedfish extract with a feeding response. We conclude that reedfish do not show a fright reaction to the skin extract of conspecifics. This suggests that if cypriniform alarm substance cells are homologous to reedfish club cells, their alarm pheromone function is a secondary adaptation.
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Costa, Francesco Vittori, Claudio Borghi, Stefano Boschi, Alessandra Mussi, and Ettore Ambrosioni. "Alarm Reaction and Serum K+ in Hypertensive Patients." American Journal of Hypertension 3, no. 8_Pt_1 (August 1990): 638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/3.8.638.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alarm reaction"

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Alsrhani, Abdullah Falleh. "Studies in Trypsin as an Alarm Substance in Zebrafish." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248500/.

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Previous studies have shown that fish release alarming substances into the water to alert their kin to escape from danger. In our laboratory, we found that zebrafish produce trypsin and release it from their gills into the environment when they are under stress. By placing the zebrafish larvae in the middle of a small tank and then placing trypsin at one end of the tank, we observed that the larvae moved away from the trypsin zone and almost to the opposite end of the tank. This escape response was significant and did not occur in response to the control substances, bovine serum albumin (BSA), Russell's viper venom (RVV), and collagen. Also, previously, we had shown that the trypsin could act via a protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) on the surface of the cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that trypsin would induce a change in neuronal activity in the brain via PAR2-mediated signaling in cells on the surface of the fish body. To investigate whether the trypsin-responsive cells were surface cells, we generated a primary cell culture of zebrafish keratinocytes, confirmed these cells' identity by specific marker expression, and then incubated these cells with the calcium indicator Fluo-4 and exposed them to trypsin. By using calcium flux assay in a flow-cytometer, we found that trypsin-treated keratinocytes showed an increase in intracellular calcium release. To test whether PAR2 mediates the escape response to trypsin, we treated larvae with a PAR2 antagonist and showed that the trypsin-initiated escape response was abrogated. Furthermore, par2a mutants with knockdown of par2a by the piggyback knockdown method failed to respond to trypsin. Trypsin treatment of adult fish led to an approximately 2-fold increase in brain c-fos mRNA levels 45 mins after trypsin treatment, suggesting that trypsin signals may have reached the brain, probably via a spinothalamic pathway. Taken together, our results reveal a novel trypsin-initiated escape response in fish. These studies should enhance our understanding of fish communication in general and alarm behavior in particular. Furthermore, since pain receptors in other animals are also PAR2, our finding may be useful in exploring pathways of pain reception.
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Neal, Orin J. "Responses to the audio broadcasts of predator vocalizations by eight sympatric primates in Suriname, South America." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1245291915.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 26, 2010). Advisor: Marilyn Norconk. Keywords: predation; anti-predator strategies; alarm calls. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-120).
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Shelton, Diane Coleman. "THE EFFECT OF EQUIPMENT ALARMS ON THE HEART RATE AND BLOOD FLOW OF HEALTHY ADULTS IN A SIMULATED ICU ENVIRONMENT." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275248.

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McLaughlin, Shane Brendan. "Analytic Assessment of Collision Avoidance Systems and Driver Dynamic Performance in Rear-End Crashes and Near-Crashes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29561.

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Collision avoidance systems (CASs) are being developed and fielded to reduce the number and severity of rear-end crashes. Kinematic algorithms within CASs evaluate sensor input and apply assumptions describing human-response timing and deceleration to determine when an alert should be presented. This dissertation presents an analytic assessment of dynamic function and performance CASs and associated driver performance for preventing automotive rear-end crashes. A method for using naturalistic data in the evaluation of CAS algorithms is described and applied to three algorithms. Time-series parametric data collected during 13 rear-end crashes and 70 near-crashes are input into models of collision avoidance algorithms to determine when the alerts would have occurred. Algorithm performance is measured by estimating how much of the driving population would be able to respond in the time available between when an alert would occur and when braking was needed. A sensitivity analysis was performed to consider the effect of alternative inputs into the assessment method. The algorithms were found to warn in sufficient time to permit 50â 70% of the population to avoid collision in similar scenarios. However, the accuracy of this estimate was limited because the tested algorithms were found to alert too frequently to be feasible. The response of the assessment method was most sensitive to differences in assumed response-time distributions and assumed driver braking levels. Low-speed crashes were not addressed by two of the algorithms. Analysis of the events revealed that the necessary avoidance deceleration based on kinematics was generally less than 2 s in duration. At the time of driver response, the time remaining to avoid collision using a 0.5g average deceleration ranged from â 1.1 s to 2.1 s. In 10 of 13 crashes, no driver response deceleration was present. Mean deceleration for the 70 near-crashes was 0.37g and maximum was 0.72g. A set of the events was developed to measure driver response time. The mean driver response time was 0.7 s to begin braking and 1.1 s to reach maximum deceleration. Implications for collision countermeasures are considered, response-time results are compared to previous distributions and future work is discussed.
Ph. D.
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Baptestini, Elizabeth Machado. "Um sistema presa-predador com evasão mediada por feromônio de alarme." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4276.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1414332 bytes, checksum: 6e2f42018f3e3dcdf9e8cbccab567e7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-20
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Pattern, structure and emergent collective properties are ubiquitous in systems with many units (alive or inanimated) coupled through nonlinear interactions. Within this context, the study of cooperative phenomena in population dynamics of ecological interest has attracted the attention of the mathematicians and physicists since Lotka and Volterra in the 1920s. Thenceforth, in addition to differential equations, theoretical ecology has continuously incorporated powerful and well-established techniques of contacts processes, cellular automata models and others, developed in the fields of condensed matter physics, statistical physics and computational physics. In the present work, a predator-prey model with pursuit and escape triggered by alarm pheromones is proposed and studied through analytical methods and computer simulations. Such models can show oscillatory behavior of the population density, phase transitions that belong to distinct universality classes and rich stationary phase diagrams. Two distinct levels of description were used. In a first approach, we consider a model of cellular automata in which predators and preys walk on a square lattice, according specific rules for each species, in a homogeneous environment and with periodic boundary conditions. The second part of our study is based on the analysis of partial differential equations that also describes the dynamics of a prey-predator system with the same characteristics above. Both, spatially uniform or mean field like and explicit spatio-temporal partial differential equations were considered. These models can represent relevant tools to design better strategies of biological control of pests by predators. In successful cases, the pests and its predators must persist in stable interactions at a low level of pest density.
Padrões, estruturas, propriedades coletivas emergentes são ubíquas em sistemas com muitas unidades (vivas ou inanimadas) acopladas por meio de interações não-lineares. Dentro desse contexto, o estudo de fenômenos cooperativos em dinâmica de populações de interesse ecológico tem atraído a atenção de físicos e matemáticos desde os anos de 1920 com Lotka e Volterra. Portanto, além de equações diferenciais, a teoria ecológica tem continuamente incorporado poderosas e bem-estabelecidas técnicas dos processos de contatos, modelos de autômatos celulares e outros, desenvolvidos no campo de física da matéria condensada, física estatística e física computacional. No presente trabalho, um modelo presa-predador com perseguição e fuga mediada por um feromônio de alarme é proposto e estudado através de métodos analíticos e simulações computacionais. Tais modelos podem exibir comportamentos oscilatórios da densidade de população, transições de fases que pertencem a classes de universalidade distintas e um diagrama de fases rico. Duas abordagens distintas de descrição foram usadas. Numa primeira abordagem, propomos um modelo de Autômato Celular (AC) onde predadores e presas se movimentam, segundo regras específicas para cada espécie, num ambiente homogêneo e com condições de contorno periódicas. A outra parte do nosso estudo é baseado na análise de EDP s que também descrevem a dinâmica de um sistema presa-predador com as mesmas características citadas acima. É feito um estudo considerando as equações sem termos espaciais, isto é, tipo campo médio e depois considerando esses termos. Esses modelos podem representar ferramentas relevantes para o estudo das melhores estratégias para o controle biológico de pragas por predadores. Em casos bem sucedidos, as pestes e seus predadores devem persistir em interações estáveis e com uma baixa densidade da população de pragas.
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Kan, Benjamin. "The effects of exercise intensity and cognitive load on acute changes in attention and vigilance in healthy young adults." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2018. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2066.

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Many studies have reported acute effects of exercise on cognition, and that exercise intensity is a key factor affecting post-exercise cognition. It appears that the cognitive load associated with exercise may also influence post-exercise cognition, but this has not been quantified. Little attention has been given to the cognitive aspect of attention and vigilance, and no previous study has investigated the effects of either exercise intensity or cognitive load, on post-exercise attention and vigilance. Therefore, this research project examined the effects of different cycling exercise intensities on post-exercise attention and vigilance (Study 1), assessed cognitive load associated with cycling exercise and investigated its effects on postexercise attention and vigilance changes (Study 2), and compared between eccentric and concentric cycling for cognitive load during exercise and its effects on post-exercise attention and vigilance changes (Study 3). In Study 1, 26 healthy young adults (10 women) performed 20-min of either low- (30% peak power), moderate- (50%) and high-intensity (70%) cycling, or sat for 20-min (control) on a stationary ergometer, separated by week in a randomised order. To assess attention and vigilance, a 3-min sustained attention to response test (SART) was performed before and immediately, 15, 30, 45 and 60-min after each session. Although exercise intensity was significantly different between exercise sessions (p<0.01), no significant differences (p=0.372) were observed for changes in reaction time before and for 60-min among the four sessions. No significant interaction effect was evident between sessions for correct detection (p=0.723) and false alarm (p=0.354) scores. These results suggest that attention and vigilance were not influenced by exercise intensity. In Study 2, the cognitive load associated with participant-controlled (PC) and computer-controlled (CC) cycling exercise, and its effects on attention and vigilance were investigated. The same participants as those in Study 1 performed the low-, moderate- and high-intensity cycling exercise for both PC and CC conditions. Cognitive load associated with exercise was assessed by the average of power errors from the target over ~1200 revolutions, a choice reaction time test (CRT) and the NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX). The SART was used to assess changes in attention and vigilance before and immediately after, and 15, 30, 45 and 60-min after each exercise session. Intensity of exercise was not different between PC and CC cycling conditions for low- (p=0.500), moderate- (p=0.959) and high-intensity (p=0.470). Although CRT was slower (p<0.05), and mental demand in NASA-TLX was greater (p<0.01) in PC than in CC for all three exercise intensities, CRT accuracy was found to be similar in both conditions. No significant difference in post-exercise attention and vigilance changes were found between PC and CC conditions. These findings suggest that PC and CC were similar in cognitive demand, resulting in no difference in their effects on changes in post-exercise attention and vigilance. Study 3 compared the cognitive load between concentric (CONC) and two sessions of eccentric cycling (ECC1, ECC2) that is deemed to require a higher cognitive demand to perform, and its effects on post-exercise attention and vigilance. Thirty-one healthy young adults (9 women) performed a bout of 20-min CONC followed by two bouts of 20-min ECC (ECC1, ECC2) at the same workload (227.5 ± 51.5 W, 60-rpm) separated by a week. Cognitive load during both ECC and CONC was assessed by the same parameters as those in Study 2. ECC1 and ECC2 were less physically demanding than CONC (p<0.05), without a significant difference between ECC1 and ECC2. CRT was slower and less accurate for ECC1 and ECC2 than CONC, with no difference between ECC1 and ECC2. Torque error was also greater (p<0.05) for ECC1 and ECC2 than CONC, with more error (p<0.05) for ECC1 than ECC2. Attention and vigilance decreased 2-8% after 20-min sitting, but improved 2-10% immediately after ECC2, and did not decline from the baseline for 30 min after ECC1 or 60 min after CONC and ECC2 (P<0.05). These findings suggest that cognitive load was greater during ECC than CONC, and post-exercise attention and vigilance were maintained after all exercise sessions with a transient improvement only after ECC2. In conclusion, this research project showed that cognitive load rather than exercise intensity in 20-min cycling exercise affected post-exercise attention and vigilance in healthy young adults. Future studies should investigate the effects of prolonged exposure to cognitively demanding exercise such as eccentric cycling on cognitive function.
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Mahurin, Ellen Jolene. "Feeding behavior and chick-a-dee calls in the presence of predator models a field study of Carolina Chickadees (Poecile Carolinensis) /." 2006. http://etd.utk.edu/2006/MahurinEllen.pdf.

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McLeod, A. J. "The psychological impact of guerilla warfare on the boer forces during the Anglo-Boer war." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28050.

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The thesis is based on a multi disciplinary study involving both particulars regarding military history and certain psychological theories. In order to be able to discuss the psychological experiences of Boers during the guerrilla phase of the Anglo-Boer War, the first chapters of the thesis strive to provide the required background. Firstly an overview of the initial conventional phase of the war is furnished, followed by a discussion of certain psychological issues relevant to stress and methods of coping with stress. Subsequently, guerrilla warfare as a global concern is examined. A number of important events during the transitional stage, in other words, the period between conventional warfare and total guerrilla warfare, are considered followed by the regional details concerning the Boers’ plans for guerrilla warfare. These details include the ecological features, the socio-economic issues of that time and military information about the regions illustrating the dissimilarity and variety involved. In the chapters that follow the focus is concentrated on the psychological impact of the guerrilla war on the Boers. The wide range of stressors (factors inducing stress) are arranged according to certain topics: stress caused by military situations; stress caused by the loss of infrastructure in the republics; stress caused by environmental factors; stress arising from daily hardships; stress caused by anguish and finally stressors prompted by an individuals disposition. Then the psychological theories regarding an individual’s resistance resources (or general resistance resources ─ GRRs) and the means of using these resources to cope with stress are applied to the actual circumstances that the Boers were faced with. This discourse is arranged according to material resources, motivational issues and intrapersonal resources. Subsequently the complete guerrilla warfare phase is considered, the accent being placed on the psychological effect that the Boers’ strategies, as well as the British counter strategies, had on the republican forces. The phase is subdivided into four stages according to the course of the war, while still furnishing an overall account of the guerrilla phase ─ ranging from the initial successes on Boer side, the gradual decline in Boer initiatives to the final months, when the few successful encounters that the Boers launched, came too late to change matters. In the final chapter the impact of the guerrilla warfare on a selected group of Boers is examined in the form of case studies. The group includes President M.T. Steyn, whose health failed him in the end and Generals C.R. de Wet and J.C. Smuts, where their positive conduct is considered from a psychological perspective. The result of the continuous pressure on the young Commandant G.J. Scheepers is examined and the stress related experiences of Chief Field Cornet H.S. van der Walt, Burghers P.J. du Toit and R.W. Schikkerling are analysed.
Thesis (DPhil(History))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Jurisprudence
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Books on the topic "Alarm reaction"

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Stine, R. L. Mary McScary. New York: Scholastic, Incorporated, 2017.

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The Neuroethology of PredatorPrey Interactions. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2015.

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The Neuroethology of PredatorPrey Interactions. John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2015.

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Stine, R. L., and Marc Brown. Mary Mcscary. Scholastic, Incorporated, 2017.

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West, William. Mathew D. McCubbins and Thomas Schwartz, “Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms”. Edited by Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page, and Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.11.

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This chapter comments on “Congressional Oversight Overlooked: Police Patrols versus Fire Alarms,” in which Mathew McCubbins and Thomas Schwartz used the analogy of police patrols and fire alarms to the role of the legislature in monitoring and controlling the bureaucracy. McCubbins and Schwartz made a case for Congress’s assessment of program implementation. The chapter examines the theory of fire alarm oversight, as well as the influence of McCubbins and Schwartz’s argument on how scholars think about Congress’s relationship to the bureaucracy. In particular, it considers the use of the theory of fire alarm oversight to challenge views equating delegation and the rise of an administrative state with the decline of legislative power. It highlights some of the criticisms made, especially with respect to Congress’s heavy reliance on reactive strategies to gather information about agency performance.
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Robin, Barrow, and Milburn G. 1932-, eds. "Ring some alarm bells in Ontario": Reactions to the report of the Royal Commission on Learning. London, Ont., Canada: Althouse Press, 1996.

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Van Den Bos, Kees. Uncertainty and Other Threats. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657345.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 proposes that when the experience of unfairness is coupled with uncertainty and other threatening information, this is likely to exacerbate the radicalization process. The chapter introduces the concept of uncertainty and reviews evidence that suggests that under conditions of uncertainty, people are more in need of reassurance that their views on how the world works are valid and that their culture is viewed positively. The chapter distinguishes between people being uncertain about themselves (personal uncertainty or insecurity) and people not having enough relevant information available (informational uncertainty). Personal uncertainty is an alarming experience with strong affective and emotional reactions and can be linked to the human alarm system, a basic system that people use to make sense of their worlds and that this book relates to processes of radicalization (see Figure 5.1). Being uncertain about whether one can trust important authorities in delayed-return cultures also plays an important role.
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The Interaction between occupants and fire alarm systems in complex buildings: This paper reports research conducted with regard to the investigation of the evacuation of personnel from a shopping mall. The key focus of the investigation relates to the concept of delay in evacuation or pre-reaction time. The paper reviews the procedure conducted and the data obtained from two evacuations. Preston: Not applicable, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alarm reaction"

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Corsberg, Dan, and Larry Johnson. "A Nuclear Reactor Alarm Display System Utilizing AI Techniques for Alarm Filtering." In Artificial Intelligence and Other Innovative Computer Applications in the Nuclear Industry, 119–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1009-9_15.

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Méndez Baiges, Maite. "Bodies of Tow and Paraffin." In Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and Modernism, 23–28. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-656-8.03.

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“Bodies of tow and paraffin” is the phrase used by Georges Braque, pioneer with Picasso of Cubism, to describe the alarm that he felt at his first sight of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon when he paid Picasso a visit as he was painting it in the Bateau Lavoir in 1907. This sums up well the reactions the work produced among the friends of the Spanish painter who first saw it. This chapter summarises these first reactions of horror, disgust and disappointment felt among Picasso's friends and acquaintances. It also provides a host of comments and quotes made by Picasso himself, remarkable for their contradictions and high dosages of irony.
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Zimmerman, Bruce D., and John A. Rawlins. "CRAW — An Expert System for Nuclear Reactor Cover Gas Alarm Analysis." In Artificial Intelligence and Other Innovative Computer Applications in the Nuclear Industry, 503–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1009-9_61.

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Lucas, Edward, and Bobo Lo. "Partnership Without Substance: Sino-Russian Relations in Central and Eastern Europe." In Russia-China Relations, 203–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97012-3_11.

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AbstractIn recent years, the Sino-Russian partnership has emerged in Western eyes as the principal threat to the post-Cold War, rules-based international order. According to this narrative, the challenge is no longer simply one of China’s rise or Russia’s resurgence, but a growing strategic convergence: a mutually reinforcing “axis of authoritarians.” Talk of an alliance has become commonplace. In leading Western capitals, the Sino-Russian “comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for a new era” has become the existential menace of our time. This sense of alarm has been heightened by a feverish international context, dominated by great-power rivalry and the devastating consequences of the covid-19 pandemic. One region, however, has been largely exempt from such speculation. Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) remains a backwater of Sino-Russian engagement, and Western reactions have been correspondingly muted. Nevertheless, the region provides a useful window through which to assess the dynamics of the relationship.
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Henry, J. P., D. L. Ely, and P. M. Stephens. "Changes in Catecholamine-Controkng Enzymes in Response to Psychosocial Activation of the Defence and Alarm Reactions." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 8 - Physiology, Emotion and Psychosomatic Illness, 225–51. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719916.ch11.

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"Endocrine organs." In Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences, edited by Robert Wilkins, Ian Megson, and David Meredith, 613–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789895.003.0009.

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The ‘Endocrine organs’ chapter focuses on the major endocrine systems of the body, including the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, and adrenal glands, as well as other sites of hormone productions such as the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, heart, and kidneys. The normal roles and functions of the hormones are considered, including hormones influencing calcium, phosphate, and bone, along with pathologies such as diabetes, Cushing’s syndrome, and hyperaldosteronism. Finally, coordinated hormonal responses are discussed, in terms of the response to stress, including the alarm reaction (‘fight or flight’), and the physiological effects of chronic stress.
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M. Abd El-Ghany, Nesreen. "Pheromones and Chemical Communication in Insects." In Pests, Weeds and Diseases in Agricultural Crop and Animal Husbandry Production. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92384.

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Chemical communication is an essential item for insects’ survivals that qualify them to adapt their behavior depending on the surrounding environment. Semiochemicals defined as informative molecules (M) mainly play an important role that conveys specific chemical messages between insect and insect and plant and insect. Olfaction mechanism in insects is a key point of chemical communication between the same and different insect species. Discrimination of various odors through the olfaction system depends only on the evolutionary pressures of the molecules which stimulate the development of specific binding proteins (BPs) and specific receptor sites present on individual chemosensory neurons. Pheromones are defined as species-specific chemical signals which enable communication between life-forms of the same species. Recently, semiochemicals become as alternative or complementary components to insecticide approaches in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Pheromones are secreted by insects causing a specific reaction, for example, either a definite behavior or a developmental process. Pheromones have been classified into eight various types: aggregation pheromones, alarm pheromones, oviposition-deterrent pheromones, home recognition pheromones, sex pheromones, trail pheromones, recruitment pheromones, and royal pheromones. Pheromones are promising and can be used singly or in integration with other control strategies for monitoring and controlling insect pests in agricultural systems.
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Stanton, Neville. "Operator reactions to alarms." In Human Factors in Nuclear Safety, 79–98. Taylor & Francis, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203481974.ch5.

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Bye, Andreas, √òivind Berg, and Fridtjov √òwre. "Operator support systems for status identification and alarm processing at the OECD Halden Reactor Project‚Äî experiences and perspective for future development." In Human Factors in Alarm Design, 147–64. Taylor & Francis, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203481714.ch9.

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Auchus, Richard J., and Keith L. Parker. "The Adrenal Glands." In Textbook of Endocrine Physiology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199744121.003.0016.

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The basic function of the adrenal glands is to protect the organism against acute and chronic stress, a concept popularized as the fight-or-flight response for the medulla and as the alarm reaction for the cortex. The steroid hormones of the cortex and the catecholamines of the medulla probably developed as protection against immediate stress or injury and more prolonged deprivation of food and water. In acute stress, catecholamines mobilize glucose and fatty acids for energy and prepare the heart, lungs, and muscles for action, while glucocorticoids protect against overreactions from the body’s responses to stress. In the more chronic stress of food and fluid deprivation, adrenocortical steroid hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis to maintain the supply of glucose and increase sodium reabsorption to maintain body fluid volume. Based on the widespread effects of its secreted products in multiple tissues, adrenal dysfunction is associated with protean manifestations. Diseases associated with adrenocortical hypofunction are relatively rare, while those associated with adrenocortical hyperfunction are slightly more common. However, both of these conditions are life threatening if untreated, and a high index of suspicion must therefore be maintained. Subtle increases in cortisol secretion or tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids may be involved in many of the devastating effects of chronic stress, including visceral obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, infertility, and depression. Moreover, exogenous glucocorticoids are widely used to treat numerous diseases and, when used in supraphysiological doses, can induce all of the manifestations of glucocorticoid excess. Perhaps because the adrenal medulla accounts for only 10 % of total sympathetic nervous activation, we can live quite well without it, and syndromes due to hypofunction are not clinically significant. However, conditions of excess catecholamine output due to tumors called pheochromocytomas are a rare but potentially life-threatening cause of secondary hypertension.
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Conference papers on the topic "Alarm reaction"

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Frohmann, Lisa, Marian Weger, and Robert Höldrich. "Recognizability and Perceived Urgency of Bicycle Bells." In The 24th International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2018.025.

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Raising awareness about how alarm sounds are perceived and evaluated by an individual in traffic scenery is important for developing new alarm designs, as well as for improving existing ones. Bearing a positive contribution to road safety, cyclists and pedestrians especially can benefit from appropriate alarming bell and horn sounds. Primarily, the alarm signal should evoke a precise idea of what is the source of the warning and the desired reaction to it. Furthermore, it should not be masked by other noises thus going undetected by the ear. Finally, an appropriate warning signal should transmit the urgency of a given situation, while at the same time, it should not cause other road users and pedestrians to startle. In two listening experiments, we examined the perception of commonly available bicycle bells and horns. Average typicality or recognizability as a bicycle bell among other everyday sounds has been investigated through a free identification task. In a second experiment, we tested perceived urgency of the warning sounds in relation to traffic noise. This article further provides a survey on non-verbal alarm design, as well as an analysis of acoustic properties of common bicycle bells and horns. Consequently, a linear regression model presents the relationship between named properties and perceived urgency. It is our intention to give an insight into the often unattended but important issue of the perception of auditory warning sounds in our everyday acoustic environment.
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Mwaffo, Violet, and Franck Vernerey. "Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Startle Reaction on Group Coordination." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3161.

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Abstract Startle reaction is an alarm behavior observed in animal groups during anti-predatory response or fear-inducing stimulation. This behavior is characterized by spontaneous change in heading direction and increasing speed that can drastically affect group coordination. In this work, we leverage a mathematical model of fish social behavior to recreate startle reaction. Specifically, we model startle reaction through a biased jump diffusion process, where the jumps process captures sudden and fast changes of heading direction observed during this escaping behavior. Then, using extensive numerical simulations, we test their effects on group of fish including an informed individual prescribing the direction of motion and several followers by systematically varying the frequency and intensity of the sudden and fast turns introduced in the heading direction of a single individual. We demonstrate the emergence of novel form of leadership and phase transition between complete ordered states and disorganized states. In addition, we evidence that at specific range of frequencies and amplitudes, the initiation of this behavior might be utilized to divert group followers from their reference trajectory while keeping them in a synchronized state with the startling individual. Our findings offer a new paradigm to recreate the emergence of leadership applicable to divert or contain multi-vehicle systems.
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Guo, Chao, Shuqiao Zhou, Duo Li, and Xiaojin Huang. "Analysis of the Alarm Generation and Display for the Reactor Accidents in HTR-PM." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82483.

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Nuclear safety is one of the key issues for a nuclear power plant (NPP). The alarm system plays a critical role for the safe and efficient operation of an NPP which affects the correctness and efficiency of the operators in dealing with the accidents. It is even more important for the alarm system of a multi-modular NPP which has more than one reactor modules in a single unit because all the modules are usually monitored in the same main control room. The alarm generation and display mechanism of a typical multi-modular NPP, the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor - Pebble bed Module (HTR-PM), is analyzed in this paper which has two reactor modules coupled to one steam turbine. Three operators are responsible for the operation of two nuclear islands and a conventional island, respectively. The alarm generation and display processes will be discussed in this paper. Firstly, the architecture of the RPS and the alarm system related to the red and yellow alarms is introduced. Then the generation and display mechanism of the red and yellow alarms is proposed. A protection variable of a design basis accident is given as an example for the alarm signal handling. The characteristics of the alarm system are then discussed. More optimization directions on the alarm design for multi-modular NPPs are proposed in the end.
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Nam, Jung-Han, Chae-Ho Nam, Jong-Moo Lee, Hae-Won Jung, Sim-Kyun Yook, and Chang-Ho Cho. "New Design of a Digital CRCS by Introducing LOM." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89444.

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A Control Rod Control System (CRCS) is one of the most important pieces of equipment in a nuclear power plant because it controls the nuclear reaction by moving the Control Rod Drive Mechanism (CRDM) in the reactor with speed and direction signals from the Reactor Regulating System (RRS). This paper introduces a CRCS with full-duplex configuration and a Local Operator Module (LOM) computer to enhance reliability in comparison to existing simplex systems. The duplex configuration, LOM program, and maintenance test program of the CRCS are explained in detail. This duplex system can perform a failsafe changeover in only a few milliseconds, which results in ‘bumpless’ CRDM coil current control. In particular, because all the control cards are hot-swappable and power converter modules are drawer type, the operator can replace a malfunctioning module without a system shutdown. For ease of operation, the CRCS has its own panel computer called Local Operator Module (LOM) which has a monitoring program installed. The LOM shows all the CRCS operating information such as urgent/non-urgent alarm status, controller operation status, CRDM coil voltage/current, data logs and detailed event alarms. In the CRCS power cabinet, there is an extra panel for easy and simple module maintenance. If the operator suspects that any module of a power cabinet such as a power control card or a power converter module is abnormal, he has only to place the module in the maintenance panel and run the test program to ascertain the module’s sanity. The operator also can utilize the maintenance panel for spare module testing before the spare module is installed in the system and thus avoid installing a defective module.
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Maiera, Kathrin, Jürgen Hellbrücka, and Heike Sacherb. "A Visuohaptic Collision Warning Approach for High-Priority Braking Scenarios." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100751.

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Referring to the great importance of an intuitive HMI for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, a driving study was conducted to test innovative warning concepts for high-priority, imminent braking scenarios. Based on previous findings, a peripheral visual illumination stripe warning was expected to show important brake reaction time benefits compared to an auditory alarm, especially in multimodal presentation mode along with a haptic brake pulse warning. Based on previous findings recommending multimodal instead of unimodal warnings to minimize brake reaction times, the optimal timing of multimodal warning components was additionally evaluated. Using the EVITA test system, almost rear-end collision scenarios were provoked to test the different warning concepts. The results indicate a visuohaptic warning approach based on a synchronous presentation of multimodal warning components to communicate imminent braking advices. Further implications for warning concept design will be discussed.
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Jia, Qianqian, Yang Liu, and Liangju Zhang. "A Design of the Alarm System in Digital Control Room of HTR-PM." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15546.

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A design of alarm system which includes both annuciator tiles and VDU alarm displays is proposed of the digital control room in HTR-PM (high temperature reactor pebble-bed module). Important and system-level alarms are located as fixed tiles, most of which are shared alarms. A shared alarm is a combination of several alarm causes associated with a single plant system or component. In the VDU displays, icons which stand for alarm tiles are developed. The tile icons obey the same coding rules of the real alarm tiles. A special VDU display is designed, in which the alarm list function and the tile icons are both included. The tile icons in the display are arranged exactly the same as the real tiles on the panel. When the shared alarm tile is activated, via the special VDU display, operators can easily get the detailed alarm information about the alarmed tiles with only a click on the tile icon. Based on the alarm display features, an alarm control procedure of pushbuttons on the console and the control functions in VDU display is presented. In the alarm response procedure, the personnel cannot acknowledge the alarm when the detailed messages are not read. This alarm system is technically based on the DCS (Distribute Control System) of the plant. Compared with using VDU alarm list only, tiles provide the operator perceptual understanding of the whole plant situation and rapid detection of alarms. The special VDU display with tile-like icons and function of listing detailed alarm messages provide the operator inquiry capability to obtain specific information, which support the operator effectively.
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Dmitruk, A. V. "NCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF THE ALARM SYSTEM FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF A SELF-SUPPORTING CHAIN NUCLEAR FISSION REACTION IN ACCORDANCE WITH CURRENT REQUIREMENTS." In Высокие технологии атомной отрасли. Молодежь в инновационном процессе. Саров: Российский Федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53403/9785951505033_188.

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Guo, Chao, Qianqian Jia, Xiaojin Huang, and Shuqiao Zhou. "Architecture and Suppression Design of Alarm System in HTR-PM." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66681.

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Nuclear safety is one of the key issues for a nuclear power plant (NPP). The alarm system plays a critical role for the safe and efficient operation of an NPP which is a significant human-machine interface in the main control room. The multi-modular NPPs have multiple reactor modules coupled to one steam turbine. One critical problem for the multi-modular NPP is that the complexity of the alarm system is greatly increased, which threatens the human-factor safety and the operation reliability. On the other hand, the main control room usually suffers from too many alarms to be handled at the same time after the accident, which is difficult for the operator to find out specific initiating event and may cause severe accident. The High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor - Pebble bed Module (HTR-PM) which is under construction in Shandong province of China, is a typical multi-modular NPP with two reactor modules coupled to one steam turbine. In this paper, the architecture of the alarm system of HTR-PM is introduced. Different from conventional full-digital alarm system in the NPPs, a set of alarm tiles which are set up at the top of the large display panel are adopted to improve the alarm identification, and the alarm tiles are classified to groups of reactor 1#, conventional island, and reactor 2#, respectively. These alarm tiles cooperates with the alarm indication on the visual display unit to help to locate the accident location as soon as possible. The suppression design in case of alarm overloading are also discussed in this paper. Techniques like the dead band and first alarm indication are adopted in the alarm system of HTR-PM. Two kinds of suppression logics on condition and priority are discussed in the end of this paper. The work showed in this paper can contribute to improve the design of alarm systems in other NPPs, especial the multi-modular NPPs.
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Li, Dongyuan, Shi Qing, Haiying Luo, Jinkai Wang, and Jiaoshen Xu. "Application of ALARP Concept in Nuclear Power Plant Design — A Case Study in HPR1000." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92241.

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Abstract As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) is one of the most important nuclear regulatory concepts in the UK Generic Design Assessment (GDA). ALARP requires that nuclear power plants have the duty to achieve the lowest level of residual risk provided this is reasonably practicable. Unlike As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA), ALARP concept should be considered not only in radioprotection, but also in nuclear safety areas such as fault studies, structural integrity, etc. Different from the traditional licensing requirements in other countries, ALARP concept is not prescriptive but emphasizes self-evaluation, risk-orientation and balance of all aspects. It is therefore difficult to demonstrate that the design has reduced nuclear risks to an ALARP level without a systematic approach during the licensing. In this study, the UK context regulatory requirements of ALARP (including the Tolerability of Risk, Relevant Good Practice, Gross Disproportion, and Numerical Targets) are investigated based on which an ALARP approach for Hua-long Pressurized Reactor (HPR1000) is developed. In this approach, potential improvements can be identified through the review against Relevant Good Practice and risk insights. Risks can be reduced through the implementation of preferred options determined by optioneering process. The ALARP position of the whole plant design can be evaluated through holistic risk review. The ALARP approach has been successfully applied to HPR1000 and recognized by the UK authority during the GDA process. The ALARP approach facilitates the balance of safety, economy and environmental friendliness during nuclear power plant design, and can be guidance to the robust licensing and regulation.
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Havre, Kjetil, Christian Trudvang, Gustav Kjørrefjord, Sonia Smith, Colin C. King, Jaqueline Vinicombe, and Trevor Roberts. "Use of Rigorous Multiphase Flow Models for Leak Detection and Online Flow Assurance." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208899-ms.

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Abstract Cenovus Energy has deployed a rigorous multiphase flow assurance online solution to detect leaks and monitor hydrate formation conditions at the White Rose Field and satellite extensions 350 km east of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Twenty-five production wells are connected via subsea manifolds to the SeaRose floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) system, through four flexible flowlines and risers. An online subsea advisor has been developed to provide control-room operators with enhanced monitoring/visibility in detecting potential leaks and hydrate formation within the subsea system, including the mechanical flowline connectors. The online solution makes use of a commercial multiphase flow simulator. An online real-time mode (RTM) was developed to simulate the production loops connecting the manifolds to the SeaRose FPSO. The wells are equipped with multiphase flowmeters, which are calibrated at regular intervals during well test campaigns. Reconciled flow rates from the meters are used as inlet boundary conditions to the real-time multiphase model. This RTM acts as a digital twin of the production network. As part of the online subsea advisor leak detection system (LDS), Schlumberger has delivered improved algorithms for leak detection in multiphase production networks. The solution makes use of 14 signatures indicating leaks, which form the basis for a generalized multivariable LDS. Artificial intelligence and data clustering are used to determine whether the signature vector indicates a leak. By making use of multiple leak signatures, the system becomes more robust with respect to sensor faults and drift. Multiple signatures also reduce the number of false alarms and make the LDS less dependent on model calibration. The use of signatures, artificial intelligence and data clustering is new compared to traditional mass balance model-based LDS. The theory is described with results from four of these 14 signatures in the paper. The advisor system monitors the potential for hydrate formation conditions and calculates the hydrate margin at the flowline connectors, which have been identified as potential "cold spots." A rigorous flowline connector model has been implemented at positions along the flow path where they exist in the field. This model is fine-tuned to estimate mechanical flowline connector wall temperatures. This gives the control-room operators a realistic estimate of reaction time to manage an emergency shutdown and initiates an alarm when hydrate conditions will be reached, prompting immediate action of predefined safeguard measures.
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Reports on the topic "Alarm reaction"

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Scorby, J. C., D. Hickman, B. Hudson, S. Garbett, G. Auld, A. Horrne, T. Beller, et al. Plan for IER-443 Testing of the Y-12 and AWE Criticality Accident Alarm System Detectors at the Godiva IV Burst Reactor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1373666.

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Scorby, John C., David Hickman, Becka Hudson, Tim Beller, Joetta Goda, Chris Haught, Christopher Woodrow, Dann Ward, Chris Wilson, and Leo Clark. Final Report for the Testing of the Y-12 Criticality Accident Alarm System Detectors at the Godiva IV Burst Reactor (IER-443). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1418913.

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LEWIS, M. E. ALARA Analysis for Shippingport Pressurized Water Reactor Core 2 Fuel Storage in the Canister Storage Building (CSB). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803032.

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Langstrand, Jens-Patrick, Hoa Nguyen, and Robert McDonald. Report for 2.2.1 Task 5: Develop and Document a State-Based Alarm System for a Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Using Machine Learning. Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1560801.

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Fire detection and alarm subsystem design description: 4 x 350 MW(t) Modular HTGR [High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor] Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/464377.

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