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Academic literature on the topic 'Alaska Ancestry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alaska Ancestry"

1

Liebler, Carolyn A. "Counting America’s First Peoples." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 677, no. 1 (April 25, 2018): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218766276.

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The descendants of the First Peoples of the Americas (labeled “American Indians and Alaska Natives” in the federal definition) are a particularly challenging group to count in censuses. In this article, I describe some enumeration issues and then outline what we have learned about American Indians and Alaska Natives from efforts that rely on individuals’ answers to census questions on race, ancestry, ethnicity, and tribe. Those who do not report a tribe and those who change their race response from one census to another complicate these efforts. Tribal self-enumeration and indigenous data sovereignty may improve data about some portions of the population. Census and survey enumeration efforts should continue to separate the concepts of race, ancestry, and tribe lest the various subpopulations become indistinguishable in the data, making the data much less useful and possibly misleading.

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Sprott, Julie. ""Symbolic Ethnicity" and Alaska Natives of Mixed Ancestry Living in Anchorage: Enduring Group or a Sign of Impending Assimilation?" Human Organization 53, no. 4 (December 1994): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.53.4.y33p52n817466155.

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Brown, Ryan A., Daniel L. Dickerson, David J. Klein, Denis Agniel, Carrie L. Johnson, and Elizabeth J. D’Amico. "Identifying as American Indian/Alaska Native in Urban Areas: Implications for Adolescent Behavioral Health and Well-Being." Youth & Society 53, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x19840048.

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American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth exhibit multiple health disparities, including high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, violence and delinquency, and mental health problems. Approximately 70% of AI/AN youth reside in urban areas, where negative outcomes on behavioral health and well-being are often high. Identity development may be particularly complex in urban settings, where youth may face more fragmented and lower density AI/AN communities, as well as mixed racial-ethnic ancestry and decreased familiarity with AI/AN lifeways. This study examines racial-ethnic and cultural identity among AI/AN adolescents and associations with behavioral health and well-being by analyzing quantitative data collected from a baseline assessment of 185 AI/AN urban adolescents from California who were part of a substance use intervention study. Adolescents who identified as AI/AN on their survey reported better mental health, less alcohol and marijuana use, lower rates of delinquency, and increased happiness and spiritual health.

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Boersma, Alexandra T., and Nicholas D. Pyenson. "Arktocara yakataga, a new fossil odontocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Oligocene of Alaska and the antiquity of Platanistoidea." PeerJ 4 (August 16, 2016): e2321. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2321.

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The diversification of crown cetacean lineages (i.e., crown Odontoceti and crown Mysticeti) occurred throughout the Oligocene, but it remains an ongoing challenge to resolve the phylogenetic pattern of their origins, especially with respect to stem lineages. One extant monotypic lineage,Platanista gangetica(the Ganges and Indus river dolphin), is the sole surviving member of the broader group Platanistoidea, with many fossil relatives that range from Oligocene to Miocene in age. Curiously, the highly threatenedPlatanistais restricted today to freshwater river systems of South Asia, yet nearly all fossil platanistoids are known globally from marine rocks, suggesting a marine ancestry for this group. In recent years, studies on the phylogenetic relationships in Platanistoidea have reached a general consensus about the membership of different sub-clades and putative extinct groups, although the position of some platanistoid groups (e.g., Waipatiidae) has been contested. Here we describe a new genus and species of fossil platanistoid,Arktocara yakataga, gen. et sp. nov. from the Oligocene of Alaska, USA. The type and only known specimen was collected from the marine Poul Creek Formation, a unit known to include Oligocene strata, exposed in the Yakutat City and Borough of Southeast Alaska. In our phylogenetic analysis of stem and node-based Platanistoidea,Arktocarafalls within the node-based sub-clade Allodelphinidae as the sister taxon toAllodelphis pratti. With a geochronologic age between ∼29–24 million years old,Arktocarais among the oldest crown Odontoceti, reinforcing the long-standing view that the diversification for crown lineages must have occurred no later than the early Oligocene.

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Rollins, J. L. "Body-size and growth-rate divergence among populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 11 (November 2017): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0092.

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Body size is one of the most perceptible traits of organisms and is an important fitness proxy in evolutionary studies. Oceanic threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) have colonized and adapted to numerous freshwater habitats throughout the Holarctic since the most recent glacial retreat, giving us natural “replicates” of both convergent and divergent evolution. I observed considerable body-size variation among 22 threespine stickleback populations within a small region surrounding Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA. Larger bodied populations tended to have bimodal size-frequency distributions, whereas most smaller bodied populations had unimodal distributions. Bimodal distributions suggested the presence of at least two age classes within large-bodied populations. I used a Bayesian approach to infer mean size of presumed age-1 and age-2+ fish from bimodal size-frequency distributions; I found significant differences in size among populations within ages and sexes, suggesting significant divergence in growth rate among populations. I did not find significant correlations between growth rates (age-specific size) and geographic distances among populations, drainage affiliation, or distance to the sea. Thus, historical processes like isolation by distance, gene flow, or recent common ancestry did not explain differences in growth among populations, suggesting a role for local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity in size divergence.

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Cacari Stone, Lisa, Magdalena Avila, and Bonnie Duran. "El Nacimiento del Pueblo Mestizo: Critical Discourse on Historical Trauma, Community Resilience and Healing." Health Education & Behavior 48, no. 3 (June 2021): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10901981211010099.

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Purpose. Historical trauma has been widely applied to American Indian/Alaska Native and other Indigenous populations and includes dimensions of language, sociocultural, and land losses and associated physical and mental disorders, as well as economic hardships. Insufficient evidence remains on the experiences of historical trauma due to waves of colonization for mixed-race Mexican people with indigenous ancestry (el pueblo mestizo). Research Question. Drawing from our critical lenses and epistemic advantages as indigenous feminist scholars, we ask, “How can historical trauma be understood through present-day discourse of two mestizo communities? What are public health practice and policy implications for healing historical trauma among mestizo populations?” Methodology and Approach. We analyzed the discourse from two community projects: focus groups and ethnographic field notes from a study in the U.S.–Mexico border region (2012–2014) and field notes and digital stories from a service-learning course in northern New Mexico (2016–2018). Findings. Our analysis describes the social and historical experiences of Mexicans, Mexican Americans, Chicanas/os, and Nuevo Mexicano peoples in the southwestern border region of the United States. We found four salient themes as manifestations of “soul-wound”: (1) violence/fear, (2) discrimination/shame, (3) loss, and (4) deep sorrow. Themes mitigating the trauma were community resiliency rooted in “querencia” (deep connection to land/home/people) and “conscientizacion” (critical consciousness). Conclusion. Historical trauma experienced by mestizo Latinx communities is rooted in local cultural and intergenerational narratives that link traumatic events in the historic past to contemporary local experiences. Future public health interventions should draw on culturally centered strength-based resilience approaches for healing trauma and advancing health equity.

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7

Rudolph, Karen M., Alan J. Parkinson, and Marilyn C. Roberts. "Molecular Analysis by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Antibiogram of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 6B Isolates from Selected Areas within the United States." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 9 (1998): 2703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.9.2703-2707.1998.

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Fifty-eight clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B, including 16 from Alaska, 14 from Arizona, 11 from Washington, and 17 from seven additional states, were analyzed. The antibiograms of these isolates were assigned to 10 antibiotic profiles based on their susceptibilities to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Thirty-two (55%) of these isolates were penicillin nonsusceptible, while 21 (36%) were intermediate or resistant to three or more antibiotics. The restriction endonucleases ApaI and SmaI were used to digest intact chromosomes, and the fragments were resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The ApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns were combined, and 13 of the 16 Alaskan isolates showed indistinguishable PFGE patterns. One other isolate exhibited highly related ApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns, differing by only one band after restriction with ApaI. Among the 14 isolates from Arizona, 1 was indistinguishable from the predominantApaI and SmaI PFGE patterns seen in the Alaskan isolates; 5 others were highly related (±1 band after cutting with either enzyme) to the Alaskan isolates, suggesting a common ancestral origin. Of the remaining eight isolates, six additional ApaI plus SmaI PFGE patterns were observed. The 28 isolates from the various contiguous states had 22ApaI plus SmaI PFGE patterns. No correlations were found between specific PFGE patterns, antibiograms, dates of isolation, or geography. The serotype 6B isolates across the contiguous United States were genetically diverse, while the 6B isolates from Alaska appeared to be much less diverse.

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Dodson, Stanley I., Daniel A. Skelly, and Carol Eunmi Lee. "Out of Alaska: morphological diversity within the genus Eurytemora from its ancestral Alaskan range (Crustacea, Copepoda)." Hydrobiologia 653, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0351-3.

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Zhang, Chenan, Quinn Ostrom, Helen Hansen, Adam de Smith, Cassie Kline, Carol Kruchko, Zalman Vaksman, et al. "PDTM-33. EUROPEAN GENETIC ANCESTRY ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF CHILDHOOD EPENDYMOMA." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.809.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Ependymoma is a histologically-defined central nervous system tumor most commonly occurring in children. Incidence differs by race/ethnicity, with individuals of European ancestry at highest risk. No large-scale genomic analyses of ependymoma predisposition have been conducted to date. We aimed to determine whether extent of European genetic ancestry is associated with ependymoma risk. METHODS In a multi-ethnic study of Californian children (327 cases, 1970 controls), we estimated the proportions of European, African, and Native American ancestry among admixed Hispanic and African-American subjects and estimated European substructure among non-Hispanic white subjects using genome-wide data. We tested whether genome-wide ancestry differences were associated with ependymoma risk and performed admixture mapping to identify associations with local European ancestry. We also re-analyzed CBTRUS data to examine subtype-specific differences in ependymoma incidence across racial/ethnic groups. RESULTS Each 20% increase in European ancestry was associated with 1.31-fold greater odds of ependymoma among Hispanic and African-American subjects (95% CI: 1.08–1.59, Pmeta=6.7×10–3). Among non-Hispanic whites, European ancestral substructure was also significantly associated with ependymoma risk. Local admixture mapping revealed a peak at 20p13 associated with increased local European ancestry, and genotype association analysis in the region identified an association upstream of R-spondin 4 that survived Bonferroni correction (P=2.2x10-5) but was not validated in an independent set of posterior fossa type A (PF-EPN-A) patients. In complementary CBTRUS analyses, American Indian/Alaskan Natives were at reduced risk relative to non-Hispanic whites (RR=0.64, 95% CI:0.46–0.87), as were African-Americans (RR=0.67, 95% CI:0.60–0.74) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (RR=0.86, 95% CI:0.73–1.00). Although overall ependymoma rates were similar in U.S. Hispanics (RR=0.96, 95% CI:0.88–1.05), lower rates were observed for myxopapillary ependymoma and other spinal ependymoma. CONCLUSION Inter-ethnic differences in ependymoma risk vary by histopathologic and potentially molecular subgroup, and are recapitulated in the genomic ancestry of ependymoma patients.

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Seymour, M. S., K. E. Ott, D. A. Guertin, H. N. Golden, D. B. McDonald, and M. Ben-David. "Early Holocene glacial retreat isolated populations of river otters (Lontra canadensis) along the Alaskan coast." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 9 (September 2012): 1136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z2012-082.

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Pleistocene climatic oscillations have resulted in high rates of speciation. Lesser known are speciation events related to recent glacial retreats. During the early Holocene many Alaskan coastal glaciers receded, exposing much of the Kodiak Island Archipelago (KOD), the Kenai Peninsula, and Prince William Sound (PWS). Using fecal DNA analyses on samples collected in KOD, PWS, Kenai Fjords National Park (KEFJ), Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM), and Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC), we found isolation by distance to be an important mechanism for the divergence of populations of river otters ( Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)) along the Pacific coast. Nonetheless, our results also demonstrated that KOD river otters appear to be more isolated genetically from their mainland conspecifics (approximately 50 km away), as river otters inhabiting PWS are from those in BC (over 2500 km away). In addition, KATM and KOD otters likely differentiated from one ancestral stock that inhabited the southwestern shores of Alaska during the Pleistocene and was isolated from more easterly populations by distance. The low genetic diversity among KOD river otters, compared with similar subpopulations in PWS, is likely the result of a founder effect and limited gene flow among the different islands within the Archipelago. Our observation that glacial retreat, rising sea levels, and formation of the Gulf of Alaska Coastal Current in the early Holocene likely led to divergence of populations of river otters, a highly mobile semiaquatic mammal, highlights the potential for future speciation events related to current climate change and ocean currents in coastal animal populations.

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Books on the topic "Alaska Ancestry"

1

Murray, David A. Early Aleutians East Borough Alaska Marriage Index 1745-1950: Computer Indexed Alaska Marriage Records by Nicholas Russell Murray. 3878 W 3200 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84120-2154 USA ph.801-966-1611 huntingforbears@yahoo.com: Hunting For Bears Genealogical Society and Library, 2012.

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2

American Indian and Alaska native children and mental health: Development, context, prevention, and treatment. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2011.

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3

Knapman, Ruth Mary Jolly. Brief history of Daughters of American Revolution in Alaska: Honoring Alaska daughters and our patriot ancestors. Fairbanks, Alaska (1280 Gilmore Trail, Fairbanks 99712): R.M.J. Knapman, 2001.

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Early Aleutians West C.A. Alaska Marriage Index 1745-1950: Computer Indexed Alaska Marriage Records by Nicholas Russell Murray. 3878 W 3200 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84120-2154 USA ph.801-966-1611 huntingforbears@yahoo.com: Hunting For Bears Genealogical Society and Library, 2012.

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Anchorage Borough AK Marriages 1745-1950 (23 vols): Computer Indexed Alaska Marriage Records by Nicholas Russell Murray. 3878 W 3200 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84120-2154 USA ph.801-966-1611 huntingforbears@yahoo.com: Hunting For Bears Genealogical Society and Library, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alaska Ancestry"

1

Dodson, Stanley I., Daniel A. Skelly, and Carol Eunmi Lee. "Out of Alaska: morphological diversity within the genus Eurytemora from its ancestral Alaskan range (Crustacea, Copepoda)." In Fifty years after the ‘‘Homage to Santa Rosalia’’: Old and new paradigms on biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, 131–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9908-2_11.

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Kimmel, Mara, Chad R. Farrell, and Megan Ackerman. "Newcomers to Ancestral Lands: Immigrant Pathways in Anchorage, Alaska." In Human Migration in the Arctic, 93–116. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6561-4_5.

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3

"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by Fred M. Utter, Megan V. McPhee, and Fred W. Allendorf. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch7.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The genetic population structures of chum <em>Oncorhynchus keta</em>, Chinook <em>O. tshawytscha</em>, coho <em>O. kisutch</em>, sockeye <em>O. nerka</em>, and pink <em>O. gorbuscha </em>salmon within the AYK region are described based on available published and unpublished information. The most detailed genetic data were for chum salmon where major groups included: (1) summer-run fish returning to coastal rivers and the lower reaches of the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers, (2) upper Yukon River, and (3) upper Kuskokwim River fall-run populations. AYK Chinook and coho salmon populations showed similar patterns of differentiation within the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers, although each species had quite different spatial separation and timing. Based on unpublished genetic data from AYK sockeye salmon populations, Norton Sound populations were grouped together and were distinct from ten other areas within the Yukon and Kuskokwim drainages which had affinities with Bristol Bay populations. Available pink salmon data were insufficient to estimate population structures. Similarity of AYK and Susitna River chum and Chinook salmon populations suggest a common ancestry that may reflect an historical connection of these drainages. Low species-wide indices of among-population genetic variation (<EM>F<sub>ST</sub></EM>) in chum and pink salmon suggest that regionally based conservation strategies for these species will be effective. In contrast, Chinook, coho, and sockeye salmon had higher <EM>F<sub>ST</sub> </EM>values and require population-specific strategies. Genetic stock identification methods (mixed stock analysis) provided valuable estimates of oceanic distributions of AYK chum salmon, and in-season estimates of chum, Chinook, and coho salmon stocks migrating within the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers. The genetic information now known about salmon in the AYK region will help the formulation and design of future investigations, and will ultimately promote a better understanding, management, and conservation of AYK salmon.

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