Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alaska commercial

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alaska commercial'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alaska commercial"

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Fechhelm, Robert G., and David B. Fissel. "Wind-Aided Recruitment of Canadian Arctic Cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) into Alaskan Waters." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-110.

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Summer wind data collected at Barter Island, Alaska, were compared with commercial fishery catches of arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) at the Colville River, Alaska, for the period 1967–85. There was a significant (p = 0.036) association between yearly catch-per-unit-effort and the percent of easterly winds after adjusting for a 5-yr differential in the two time series. Results suggest that young-of-the-year fish which spawn in Canada's Mackenzie River are aided in their westward dispersal into Alaskan waters via wind-driven longshore currents. The greater the prevalence of easterly winds (westerly currents), the greater the recruitment. Increased recruitment manifests itself as an increase in Alaskan commercial fishery catch some 5-yr later when fish have grown to a size that renders them susceptible to commercial nets.
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Lincoln, J. M., and G. A. Conway. "Preventing commercial fishing deaths in Alaska." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.10.691.

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Elder, Lee, and Robert Gorman. "(304) Alaska Native Plant Commerical Demand Survey." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1060A—1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1060a.

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About 333 people in the Anchorage area are involved in landscaping and landscape architecture, while about 18% of all farms in Alaska are considered greenhouse and nursery farms. These greenhouse and nursery farms account for $12.7 million in annual sales and comprise 28% of total Alaska agricultural sales. Alaskan horticulture producers have little industry knowledge of landscapers' and landscape architects' demand for Alaska native plants. This survey attempted to uncover the amounts of specific native Alaska varieties of shrubs, trees, herbaceous plants, and ferns that landscapers and landscape architects used in 2004, while also asking what types of plants they would like to use if a consistent supply was established. Landscapers' and landscape architects' business activities and perceptions are also evaluated. Surveys were distributed electronically as well as by standard mail to 165 landscapers and landscape architects in the Anchorage area. An overall 12% response rate provided insight into the commercial demand for Alaska native plant varieties.
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Stekoll, Michael S. "The seaweed resources of Alaska." Botanica Marina 62, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bot-2018-0064.

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Abstract Alaska has the longest coastline of all of the states in the USA. This coastal zone stretches from the temperate zone to past the Arctic circle. Oceanographic conditions vary from quiet estuaries to exposed open coasts. Water temperatures range from over 20°C in the summer in the south to ice covered water in the north. Consequently, the marine flora is plentiful and diverse with over 500 species of seaweeds. Three species of floating kelps occur from the southern boundary to Kodiak Island and westward along the Aleutian Chain. Species of Fucus are dominant in the intertidal along most of the coastline. There is also an abundance of red algae in the intertidal and subtidal. There is only minimal subsistence and commercial utilization of the seaweed resource. The major commercial use of seaweeds is in the herring spawn-on-kelp fishery. “Black seaweed” (Pyropia sp.) is a special resource for Alaskan Native subsistence harvest. Recently, there has been increasing interest and activity in the commercial mariculture of kelps such as Saccharina latissima and Alaria marginata.
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Sethi, Suresh Andrew, Michael Dalton, and Ray Hilborn. "Quantitative risk measures applied to Alaskan commercial fisheries." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 3 (March 2012): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-170.

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Risk measures can summarize the complex variability inherent in fisheries management into simple metrics. We use quantitative risk measures from investment theory to analyze catch and revenue risks for 90 commercial fisheries in Alaska, USA, nearly a complete census. We estimate the relationship between fishery characteristics and catch risk using nonparametric random forest regression to identify attributes associated with high or low risks. Catch and revenue risks for individual Alaskan fisheries are substantial and are higher than risks for farmed food alternatives. Revenue risks are greater than catch risks for most fisheries, indicating that price variability is an additional source of risk to fishermen. Regression results indicate that higher productivity species tend to be higher risk, and there is an increasing gradient of risk moving north and west across Alaskan waters, with the remote western Bering Sea fisheries tending to have the highest risks. Low risk fisheries generally have large catches and support larger fleets. Finally, fisheries with greater catch history under some form of dedicated access privileges tend to have lower catch risks.
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Lewis, Carol E., Roger W. Pearson, and Wayne C. Thomas. "Agricultural development in Alaska." Polar Record 23, no. 147 (September 1987): 673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400008378.

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AbstractDevelopment during approximately 200 years of agricultural activity in Alaska has been varied and generally inadequate. Four stages are here identified. During the period from Russian and early American colonization to the late 1880s production was largely for personal consumption. From 1898 to World War II federal intervention stimulated local commercial agriculture, and from the late 1940s to the late 1960s commercial production expanded. Since then a state- supported strategy to develop an export-based agriculture has been tried, but implementation has not been completed. Alaska remains a frontier which has yet to find a workable manner in which to implement a strategy for its agriculture.
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Crowell, Aron L. "Ice, Seals, and Guns: Late 19th-Century Alaska Native Commercial Sealing in Southeast Alaska." Arctic Anthropology 53, no. 2 (February 2016): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/aa.53.2.11.

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Stekoll, Michael S., and Wayne A. Roberts. "Commercial potential of seaweeds from St Lawrence Island, Alaska." Journal of Applied Phycology 5, no. 2 (April 1993): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00004012.

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Roberts, Wayne A., and Michael S. Stekoll. "Commercial potential of seaweeds from St Lawrence Island, Alaska." Journal of Applied Phycology 5, no. 2 (April 1993): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00004013.

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Zegre, Sera J., Mark D. Needham, Linda E. Kruger, and Randall S. Rosenberger. "McDonaldization and commercial outdoor recreation and tourism in Alaska." Managing Leisure 17, no. 4 (October 2012): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13606719.2012.711604.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alaska commercial"

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Robinson, Deborah Butterworth. "Changing relationships to marine resources : the commercial salmon fishery in Old Harbor, Alaska." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23733.

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This thesis presents a case study conducted in 1994 concerning the effects of fishery management regulations on the Native village of Old Harbor, Alaska. Access to the traditional livelihood of harvesting marine resources has profound implications for the sustainability of the economy of Alaska's rural Native villages. The institution of the limited entry system in 1975 caused the transfer of commercial salmon fishing rights away from some Native fishermen and a reduction in local fishing jobs. Although the alternatives may have had similar or worse effects on the village, limited entry is perceived as a major cause of economic and social dysfunction. One of many factors that has integrated remote villages into the global market economy, it has exacerbated the uneven distribution of wealth in the community and contributed to a growing gulf between fishing as a business and a lifestyle.
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Figus, Elizabeth Carroll. "Using Local Knowledge to Inform Commercial Fisheries Science and Management in Poland and Alaska." Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10747800.

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Science and decision making in commercial fisheries management take place in the context of uncertainty. This research demonstrates ways that local knowledge held by fishermen can be used to mitigate that uncertainty. This dissertation documents local knowledge of fishermen in Poland and Alaska, and contributes to the development of methods for utilizing that local knowledge in commercial fisheries management. Specific case study examples were developed through exploratory interviews with fishermen in the two study regions. Interviews were conducted with Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) fishermen in Poland and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) fishermen in Alaska. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyze local knowledge about ecosystems, as well as preferences held by fishermen about regulations. Cultural consensus analysis was used to quantify agreement among fishermen in Poland about the abundance and condition of cod, and generalized additive modeling was used to show how fishermen and scientists attributed different causes to similar observed phenomena. Multiple factor analysis and logistic regression were used to demonstrate how fishing characteristics influence encounters with incidental catch in the commercial fishery for halibut in Southeast Alaska. Finally, an analytic hierarchy process model was used to shed light on preferences halibut fishermen have about data collection methods on their vessels. All findings show how the inclusion of fishermen’s local knowledge in fisheries management need not be limited to informal conversations or public testimony at meetings in order to be meaningfully interpretable by managers.

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Hennen, Daniel Reneau. "The Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) Decline and the Gulf of Alaska / Bering Sea Commercial Fishery." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/hennen/HennenD1204.pdf.

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The Steller sea lion (SSL) population in Alaska was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1991. Several procedural restrictions were placed on the commercial fisheries of the region at that time in an effort to reduce the potential for human induced mortality on sea lions. Several years have elapsed since these restrictions were put into place and questions about their efficacy abound. In an effort to determine whether or not fisheries interventions have helped the SSL population to recover, estimates of the fishing activity of the Bering Sea/ Gulf of Alaska commercial fisheries in the vicinity of individual Steller sea lion rookeries and SSL population trends at those rookeries were made using data from the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Fisheries Observer Program and Steller Sea Lion Adult Count Database. Fisheries data from 1976 - 2000 were analyzed in relation to SSL population counts from 1956 - 2001, at 32 rookeries from the endangered Western Stock. Linear regression on the principal components of the fisheries data show that a positive correlation exists between several metrics of historical fishing activity and SSL population decline. The relationship is less consistent after 1991, supporting a hypothesis that fishing closures around some of the rookeries have been effective in moderating the localized effects of fishing activity on SSL.
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Glass, Jessica Rose. "Spatiotemporal variation of benthic communities on weathervane scallop (Patinopecten caurinus) beds with socioeconomic considerations of the commercial fishery off the coast of Alaska." Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1566803.

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Weathervane scallops (Patinopecten caurinus [Gould, 1850]) off Alaska are commercially harvested in areas that contain commercially important groundfish and crabs. Using observer bycatch data collected during 1996-2012, we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns in community composition on weathervane scallop beds and explored whether observed patterns related to environmental variables (sediment, depth, bottom water temperature, and freshwater discharge) and anthropogenic variables (trawling and dredging effort). Significant (P<0.05) differences in community structure were observed at the scale of state fishery registration districts, as well as among individual scallop beds. Spatial differences were most strongly correlated with sediment, depth, and dredging effort. Sequential changes over time were also detected, as was a split between 1996-1999 and 2000-2012. Temporal changes were weakly yet significantly correlated with freshwater discharge and dredging effort. We also conducted a socioeconomic assessment of the commercial weathervane scallop fishery, structured within the framework of a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis. Specifically, we focused on five categories: social, technological, economic, environmental, and regulatory. Whereas the data-poor status of the stock appears to be the fishery's biggest weakness, the largest strengths are conservative management, industry self-regulation, and the fishery's small footprint. Impending threats include stock declines, effects of dredging, and changes in the structure of the fishery. These analyses provide a baseline of benthic community composition on weathervane scallop beds, as well as socioeconomic information to contribute to the environmental, economic, and social sustainability of the Alaska scallop fishery.

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Books on the topic "Alaska commercial"

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Woodby, Doug. Commercial fisheries of Alaska. Anchorage: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Sport Fish, Research and Technical Services, 2005.

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Coughenower, D. Douglas. Commercial fishing industry study: Homer, Alaska. Fairbanks: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska, 1987.

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Kurt, Byers, and Alaska Sea Grant College Program., eds. Ocean treasure: Commercial fishing in Alaska. Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, 2003.

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Frielinghausen, Connie. Commercial fishing management in Bristol Bay, Alaska. Bellingham, Wash: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1996.

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Savikko, Herman. 1988 preliminary Alaska commercial fisheries harvests and values. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, 1989.

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Knapp, Gunnar. Fatality rates in the Alaska commercial fishing industry. Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1990.

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Savikko, Herman. 1989 preliminary Alaska commercial fisheries harvests and values. Juneau, Alaska (P.O. Box 3-2000, Juneau 99802-2000): Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, 1990.

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Kruse, Gordon H. Fishery management plan for commercial scallop fisheries in Alaska. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Management and Development Division, 1994.

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Nancy, Hollenbeck, ed. Alaska Airlines: A visual celebration. [Seattle, Wash.]: Hollenbeck Productions, 2012.

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Archie, Satterfield, ed. Bush pilots in southeastern Alaska. Missoula, Mont: Pictorial Histories Pub. Co., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alaska commercial"

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Springer, Emilie. "Historical Transitions in Access to and Management of Alaska's Commercial Fisheries, 1880-1980." In World Fisheries, 291–309. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444392241.ch17.

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Langdon, Steve J. "Approaching Leviathan: Efforts to Establish Small-Scale, Community Based Commercial Salmon Fisheries in Southeast Alaskan Indigenous Communities." In Fisheries, Quota Management and Quota Transfer, 197–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59169-8_10.

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"Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems." In Mitigating Impacts of Natural Hazards on Fishery Ecosystems, edited by Christian E. Zimmerman, Christina A. Neal, and Peter J. Haeussler. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874011.ch29.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Fish and fishing communities are iconic symbols of Alaska. Volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis also stand out as processes that define or shape the Alaska landscape. Alaska has numerous fishing ports that regularly rank in the top 10 ports for commercial landings by weight and value in the United States. In addition to commercial fisheries, subsistence fisheries and sport fishing play an important role in the economy and culture of Alaska. Alaska is home to one of the most active plate boundaries on the planet, where the Pacific Plate is subducting the North American Plate at rates greater than 5 cm/year. This process brings to Alaska earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. Active plate boundaries around the Pacific basin also make Alaska vulnerable to transoceanic tsunamis generated by earthquakes thousands of miles away. Alaska is the most seismically active state in the United States by a large margin and one of the most active areas in the world. In this paper, we examine the distribution of fishing communities and fish habitat with respect to volcanic and earthquake hazards and discuss the possible implications of these natural hazards to fisheries. Because natural hazards cannot be prevented, communities must prepare for and minimize risk associated with such events. Understanding the nature and distribution of natural hazards is the first step in preparing for future events and limiting the impacts of those events.
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Meyers, Theodore R., Sally Short, and William Eaton. "DISEASES OF FIVE COMMERCIAL CRAB SPECIES IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA." In Pathology in Marine Science, 407–20. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-550755-4.50045-8.

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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by Danielle F. Evenson, Steve J. Hayes, Gene Sandone, and Daniel J. Bergstrom. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch30.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—This paper reviews and describes the status of stocks, fisheries, and management of Chinook salmon <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </em>in the Yukon River. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) manages the Yukon commercial and subsistence fisheries in the Alaskan portion of the drainage and by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans in the portion in Yukon Territory. The salmon are managed to achieve escapement goals for spawning, to maintain sustained production based upon perceived run strength, and to accomplish approved fishery management plans. The Chinook salmon stocks of the Yukon River have experienced considerable variation in abundance and harvest over the past 50 years. After experiencing poor runs from 1998–2000, Chinook salmon escapement goals have been generally met throughout the Alaska portion of the Yukon River drainage during the past five years, 2004–2008. Typically, about 50% of the Chinook salmon reproduction occurs in Canada. The escapement goal into Canada was not met in 2007 and 2008. The average escapement to the Canadian portion of the Yukon River drainage from 2004 to 2008 was 49,500 Chinook salmon (range 32,500 to 68,500 fish), which was similar to the historical baseline ten-year average (1989–1998) of 50,800 fish. The age-class composition of the Canadian-origin Chinook salmon return from brood-years 1979–1998 indicated a decrease in age-7 salmon from an average of 22% from brood years 1979–1982 to an average of only 8% from brood years 1983–2000. In Alaska, the five-year (2004–2008) average commercial and subsistence combined harvest of 86,573 Chinook salmon was a 55% decrease from 1989 to 1998 average of 156,092 fish. In Canada, total harvest from all sources (domestic, aboriginal, sport, and commercial) from 1980 to 1997 ranged between 10,729 and 22,896 fish. The ten year (1999–2008) average total harvest of 8,739 Chinook salmon was 81% below the lower end of this range. While certainly challenges exist, careful management through the regulation of the fisheries to permit adequate escapements for spawning should ensure the sustainability of the resource for future generations.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by John M. Burr. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch25.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The sport fisheries for Chinook <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </em>and coho salmon <em>O. kisutch </em>are a small but important component of fisheries in the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region (AYK). In the United States’ portion of the Yukon River drainage and in the Kuskokwim River drainage, only 5% of the total harvest (sport, commercial, subsistence) of these species are taken by the sport fisheries. In Norton Sound, sport fisheries harvest is somewhat more important and approximates 10% of the total Chinook and coho salmon harvest. The goal of sport fishery management is to maintain reliable fishing opportunities. In contrast, commercial and subsistence fishery management seeks a maximum sustainable harvest via efficient capture methods to provide for subsistence needs and viable commercial markets. The Alaska Board of Fisheries and Alaska Department of Fish and Game have primary responsibility for managing fisheries. Sport fishery management for salmon in the AYK region has little effect on annual spawning escapements of salmon due to low levels of harvest. Sport fishing gear is inherently inefficient and catch rates are variable. Bag limits are low in number and the focus of many anglers is on catching and releasing salmon, not on harvest. In recent years, catch-and-release fishing has increased and the proportion of salmon harvested from the total sport catch has declined. Catch-and-release fishing has been controversial with some local residents. Sport fisheries often occur upstream of, and after, the subsistence and commercial fisheries have completed their harvests. Maintaining reliable fishing opportunities are particularly critical to the few, small volume, AYK sport fish guide businesses. Clients generally arrange to fish several months before the start of the season. This small industry adds diversity in economic opportunities in rural Alaska. An inseason closure of the sport fishery for salmon can have a devastating economic impact on these small businesses.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by Becca Robbins Gisclair. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch35.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Chinook <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </em>and chum <em>O. keta </em>salmon bycatch in the Bering Sea Aleutian Islands (BSAI) walleye pollock <em>Theragra chalcogramma </em>fishery has increased dramatically in recent years, reaching near record highs for both salmon species. This bycatch must either be thrown back into the water or saved for donation to food banks. Many of these salmon were bound for spawning streams in the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (AYK) region of western Alaska, where the people of the AYK region await the salmon’s return to provide for subsistence and commercial fisheries, and to fulfil a vital cultural role. To examine the interplay between the pollock fishery and western Alaska salmon stocks, this paper reviews important characteristics of the pollock fishery, western Alaska salmon stock status and origins of salmon bycatch in the pollock fishery, legal requirements to reduce bycatch, past and present bycatch management measures, and discusses possibilities for change and improvement to ensure that salmon bycatch and the impacts to western Alaska salmon are reduced. Current management under the voluntary rolling hot spot system provides an adaptive approach to bycatch management, but has not reduced salmon bycatch overall. To be effective, this system needs to be combined with a total cap on salmon bycatch. Technical approaches to reduce salmon bycatch, such as salmon excluder devices, should be developed and implemented. Social devices such as labelling regimes for sustainably caught fish could also play a role in reducing salmon bycatch.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by Gunnar Knapp. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch22.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—This paper provides an overview of Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (AYK) commercial salmon fisheries, reviews economicvariables affecting the fisheries, and discusses the challenge of increasing the economic benefits from these fisheries. During the years 2004–2006, AYK fisheries accounted for about 1% of total Alaska harvest volume and 2% of total Alaska harvest value. AYK fisheries accounted for 18% of total Alaska permit holdings and 14% of permits fished, but only 1.6% of total earnings. AYK commercial salmon fisheries have faced significant challenges over the past two decades. Harvest volumes fell sharply from the late 1980s to 2002. By 2007, total harvest volume in five of the six AYK fisheries had recovered somewhat from the low levels of the early 2000s, but remained well below the levels of the late 1980s. Prices fell during the 1990s, most importantly because of the growth of salmon farming, which dramatically increased world salmon supply and reduced the market share of Alaska wild salmon. Currently, prices for AYK coho <em>Onchorhynchus kisutch </em>and chum salmon <em>O. keta </em>remain far below levels of the 1980s, while prices for the Chinook salmon <em>O. tshawyscha </em>fisheries are comparable to levels of the late 1980s. Other challenges have included a steep decline in the number of buyers, and a dramatic increase in fuel prices in the late 2000s. AYK wild salmon producers also face new opportunities in world markets to market wild salmon not as a commodity but as a specialty product. Some AYK salmon runs, such as Yukon River Chinook and chum salmon, have unusually high oil content, which have given them reputations as among the best-tasting salmon in the world. To reduce costs and increase value for AYK salmon fisheries, a need exists for (a) implementing improvements in the quality and consistency of salmon products by improvements in how fish are handled at every stage of harvesting, processing, and transportation; (b) sustained investments in marketing; and (c) investments in infrastructure, ranging from ice machines to airport runways, to reduce costs and improve quality.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by Robert J. Wolfe and Joseph Spaeder. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch18.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Salmon <em>Oncorhynchus </em>spp. is a staple food for the Native villages of the Yukon and Kuskokwim drainages and Norton Sound in Alaska. The economy of the area is characterized by the high production of wild foods for local use and low-per-capita monetary incomes. Traditional subsistence activities form the core of village economies. Subsistence harvests, the priority use of salmon designated by state and federal law, have displayed variable trends, primarily linked to local environmental variables and the food needs of people and sled dogs. Commercial fishing of western Alaska salmon stocks intensified during the early 1970s through 1980s, providing income to small-scale fishers selling to export markets. During the 1990s, commercial salmon harvests collapsed resulting in substantial decreases of income to villages. In the Yukon River drainage, families have culled dog teams in response to lower subsistence salmon harvests for dog food, impacting cultural traditions involving sled dogs. Declines in subsistence salmon harvests for food may lead to increased harvests of other wild-food species or cause human out-migration from villages; however, no programs are currently in place to monitor such effects. A growing number of case studies have documented the important contributions of Traditional Ecological Knowledge to fishery research as well as to the formulation of fisheries regulations.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by E. Lance Howe and Stephanie Martin. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch21.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—This paper addresses broad demographic and economic characteristics of the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region (AYK) of Alaska. AYK human population growth has generally been moderate over time. Because out-migration regularly exceeds in-migration, especially in the villages, population growth is mainly a product of natality. We anticipate future population growth patterns will be similar. In terms of regional characteristics, the linguistically and geographically distinct populations of the AYK region are similar in that they all have active traditional cultures, a strong reliance on subsistence, and relatively high measures of income poverty. While commercial fishing income is not a large contributor to total regional income, it is an important component of income for households in proximity to commercial fish processors. Many commercial fishermen are also subsistence harvesters, and for many, commercial fishing income provides the means to purchase equipment and other inputs to subsistence activities. This paper examines the relationship between subsistence harvests, population growth, and commercial fishing using a simple least squares regression model. We found that earnings from Kuskokwim commercial salmon fisheries are positively correlated with subsistence harvests while earnings from other commercial fisheries reduce subsistence harvests for a set of lower Kuskokwim River communities. Separately, we found that population growth is not positively correlated with subsistence salmon harvests in the same communities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Alaska commercial"

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Oliveira, Alexandra, Trina Lapis, Tobias Popp, Brian Himelbloom, Scott Smiley, Peter Bechtel, and Charles Crapo. "The Chemical Composition and Oxidative Stability of Alaska Commercial Salmon Oils." In A Sustainable Future: Fish Processing Byproducts. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/sffpb.2010.20.

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DeBord, Frank, Timothy McAllister, Christopher Cleary, John Dolny, and Robin Kawamoto. "Design Considerations for Operation of Coast Guard Cutters and Combatants in the Arctic." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-109.

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The United States Coast Guard is responsible for completing all of its statutory missions in U.S. waters surrounding Alaska. In the past, patrols in these waters have been limited to areas outside of the seasonal sea ice boundary, plus one or two icebreaker patrols per year. Recently, due to reduced sea ice areal coverage and the associated increases in commercial activity, demands for a Coast Guard presence in the Alaskan Arctic have increased significantly. In addition to ongoing efforts to increase the size of the icebreaker fleet, these demands have caused the U.S. Coast Guard to operate non-ice-strengthened cutters in areas where sea ice could be encountered, and to evaluate the capabilities of these cutters to operate in ice. This paper presents results of engineering studies completed over the past several years to evaluate the capabilities of current and future cutters for operations in ice and cold temperatures. These studies, which are also applicable to naval combatants, include: (1) definition of sea ice characteristics variations with season and geographic location; (2) evaluation of the ice-transiting capabilities of non-ice-strengthened hull structures; (3) analysis of potential increases in safe operating areas for different levels of ice strengthening; (4) evaluation of the capabilities of existing rudders, propellers, struts and shafting to withstand ice impacts; (5) assessment of possible cold temperature operating issues for deck equipment; and (6) analysis of the capabilities of HVAC, electrical and seawater systems to operate in cold air and water temperatures. Findings for each of these studies are discussed and results are presented. In addition, lessons learned from actual operations are included where appropriate. Finally, recommendations are offered for future class-specific engineering evaluations and operating considerations when non-ice-strengthened vessels are assigned to operating areas where sea-ice and cold temperatures may be encountered.
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Müller, Andreas, Albrecht Keil, and Heiko Freudenberg. "Efficient Simulation of Load Cases of Wind Turbines." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71347.

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Wind turbines have become the sustainable backbone of green energy. This is not least because of the development of complex models enabling numerical simulation of the turbine dynamics. Such simulation models, combining non-linear flexible and rigid substructures, wind field as well as converter and operational management, allow for detailed investigations of all parts of the turbine and its overall performance. However, such investigations require to long simulation times. For a wind turbine design to get certified it must pass extensive simulation runs. The current standards require a few thousand different load case scenarios, which apparently poses a great challenge to the simulation tools. Even more, automatic mass simulation of predefined load cases requires capabilities that standard simulation tools are lacking, including parallel computation features indispensable for such applications. In this paper a tailored software solution for distributed batch simulation of wind turbines is presented. The turbine model is described in detail and the implementation in the commercial multibody software alaska is outlined. Special emphasize is given to the structure of the software. The simulation tool is validated and successfully applied in the industrial design and certification.
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Feitelberg, Alan S., Michael D. Starkey, Richard B. Schiefer, Roointon E. Pavri, Matt Bender, John L. Booth, and Gordon R. Schmidt. "Performance of a Reduced NOx Diffusion Flame Combustor for the MS5002 Gas Turbine." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-058.

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This paper describes a reduced NOx diffusion flame combustor that has been developed for the MS5002 gas turbine. Laboratory tests have shown that when firing with natural gas, without water or steam injection, NOx emissions from the new combustor are about 40% lower than NOx emissions from the standard MS5002 combustor. CO emissions are virtually unchanged at base load, but increase at part load conditions. The laboratory results were confirmed in 1997 by a commercial demonstration test at a British Petroleum site in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. The standard MS5002 gas turbine is equipped with a conventional, swirl stabilized diffusion flame combustion system. The twelve standard combustors in an MS5002 turbine are cylindrical cans, approximately 27 cm (10.5 inches) in diameter and 112 cm (44 inches) long. A small, annular, vortex generator surrounds the single fuel nozzle that is centered at the inlet to each can. The walls of the cans are louvered for cooling, and contain an array of mixing and dilution holes that provide the air needed to complete combustion and dilute the burned gas to the desired turbine inlet temperature. The new, reduced NOx emissions combustor (referred to as a “lean head end”, or LHE, combustor) retains all of the key features of the conventional combustor: the only significant difference is the arrangement of the mixing and dilution holes in the cylindrical combustor can. By optimizing the number, diameter, and location of these holes, NOx emissions were substantially reduced. The materials of construction, fuel nozzle, and total combustor air flow were unchanged. The differences in NOx emissions between the standard and LHE combustors, as well as the variations in NOx emissions with firing temperature, were well correlated using turbulent flame length arguments. Details of this correlation are also presented.
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Gore, Daniel J. "Maritime Administration’s Formulation of a Maritime Energy and Clean Emissions Program." In ASME 2002 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2002-462.

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The Environmental Protection Agency promulgation of “Control of Emissions of Air Pollution from New Marine Compression Ignition Engines at or above 37 kW,” on December 29, 1999, marked the first time federal air pollution regulations were directly applied to marine engines for commercial U.S. ships. Perhaps surprisingly, these regulations are not having as much impact as are individual State Implementation Plans (SIP) for Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) attainment, and local political pressures. These regional plans and pressures are forcing many domestic marine operators and ports to get a quick education on the cause and mitigation of air pollution. Cases in point, include: • The State of Alaska now fines passenger vessels that enter ports with greater than allowable stack gas opacities. One cruise operator has opted to plug into shore power when its vessels are tied up to pier. • In the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach vessel operators have been asked to slow vessel speeds below normal while entering and exiting in a voluntary attempt to reduce NOx emissions. • Environmentalists in the San Francisco Bay Area are applying significant political pressures to ensure proposed new ferry systems emit a minimum of air pollution. • The State of Texas briefly considered stopping all industrial equipment in the Port of Houston for twelve hours per day as a method of decreasing area ozone formation. • Potential NOx emissions generated during imminent channel dredging in the Port of New York and New Jersey is impeding the development of the latest State Implementation Plan. Local pressures are likely to continue to grow, federal regulations are set to become more stringent, and international conventions loom on the horizon. However, as expected in such a competitive industry, concerns are often focused on the bottom line in which cost of operations is a pre-eminent factor. It was in view of these dynamics that the federal Maritime Administration (MARAD) recently launched the Maritime Energy and Clean Emissions Program. This paper introduces the Program, including the background, evolution, and progress of each strategic goal. This paper is intended to be an overview. Attention is paid to the potential transferability and/or development of technologies not previously deployed in the U.S. marine environment. Any of the specific projects described could become the basis for a separate technical paper.
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Morehouse and Koch. "Alaska's cruise ship initiative and the Commercial Passenger Vessel Environmental Compliance Program." In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178593.

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Vallance, C. A., Matthew Jackson, and Kyle Wilkins. "Radiation Safety Management for Manned Underwater Operations at Nuclear Facilities." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49030.

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Commercial divers are frequently utilized to perform critical work at commercial nuclear power plants, fuel reprocessing plants, waste storage facilities, and research institutions. Various types of tasks can be performed underwater including inspection, welding, mechanical modifications, repairs, coating, and work associated with decommissioning. Work may take place in areas such as the reactor vessel, equipment pool, spent fuel pool, and suppression chamber. Because water provides excellent shielding, divers are able to work in areas where radiological exposures would be prohibitive or even fatal to workers in dry conditions. To perform such work safely while minimizing exposure requires special equipment and techniques. This paper will provide an overview of the procedures and equipment necessary to perform work in radiation areas while meeting ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) goals. Careful planning and execution are necessary and require close cooperation with site personal. Dive teams must coordinate with operations, maintenance, radiation protection, radwaste disposal, chemistry, and other departments. Examples of representative projects are used to illustrate key points.
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Brown, S. H. "Design Improvements and ALARA at U.S. Uranium In Situ Recovery Facilities." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16415.

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In the last few years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for Uranium as historical inventories have been consumed and new reactor orders are being placed. Numerous mineralized properties around the world are being evaluated for Uranium recovery and new mining / milling projects are being evaluated and developed. Ore bodies which are considered uneconomical to mine by conventional methods such as tunneling or open pits, can be candidates for non-conventional recovery techniques, involving considerably less capital expenditure. Technologies such as Uranium In Situ Leaching / In Situ Recovery (ISL / ISR - also refered to as “solution mining”), have enabled commercial scale mining and milling of relatively small ore pockets of lower grade, and are expected to make a significant contribution to overall world wide uranium supplies over the next ten years. Commercial size solution mining production facilities have operated in the US since the mid 1970’s. However, current designs are expected to result in less radiological wastes and emissions relative to these “first” generation plants (which were designed, constructed and operated through the 1980s). These early designs typically used alkaline leach chemistries in situ including use of ammonium carbonate which resulted in groundwater restoration challenges, open to air recovery vessels and high temperature calcining systems for final product drying vs the “zero emmisions” vaccum dryers as typically used today. Improved containment, automation and instrumentation control and use of vacuum dryers in the design of current generation plants are expected to reduce production of secondary waste byproduct material, reduce Radon emisions and reduce potential for employee exposure to uranium concentrate aerosols at the back end of the milling process. In Situ Recovery in the U.S. typically involves the circulation of groundwater, fortified with oxidizing (gaseous oxygen e.g) and complexing agents (carbon dioxide, e.g) into an ore body, solubilizing the uranium in situ, and then pumping the solutions to the surface where they are fed to a processing plant (mill). Processing involves ion exchange and may also include precipitation, drying or calcining and packaging operations depending on facility specifics. This paper presents an overview of the ISR process and the health physics monitoring programs developed at a number of commercial scale ISL / ISR Uranium recovery and production facillities as a result of the radiological character of these processes. Although many radiological aspects of the process are similar to that of conventional mills, conventional-type tailings as such are not generated. However, liquid and solid byproduct materials may be generated and impounded. The quantity and radiological character of these by products are related to facility specifics. Some special monitoring considerations are presented which are required due to the manner in which radon gas is evolved in the process and the unique aspects of controlling solution flow patterns underground. The radiological character of these procesess are described using empirical data collected from many operating facilities. Additionally, the major aspects of the health physics and radiation protection programs that were developed at these first generation facilities are discussed and contrasted to circumstances of the current generation and state of the art of uranium ISR technologies and facilities.
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Vandorpe, M. "Services to Nuclear Industry." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1204.

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Abstract Services to the nuclear industry started at the very beginning of the nuclear industry with the construction of the first commercial units. Based on the knowledge developed in laboratories, small units were constructed and gradually extended to the large plants actually in service. Over the past few years, reverse operations have been undertaken with the decommissioning of and the green-field operations for the oldest units. At all stages of this work as well as during the main outage operations, external firms have been involved. Progressively these companies have built up specific knowledge including both the technical requirements identical to those of non-nuclear interventions (mechanical, electrical, engineering…) and the more nuclear-related ones (quality and safety requirements, radwaste management, radiological aspects, alara principles…).
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Kuşçu, Ayşe Dudu. "Role of Seljuk Maritime Trade on the Integration of Anatolian Economy with World Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01533.

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It was not only Turkish history to be changed when Seljuk conquered Anatolia but also the destiny of Anatolia changed. Anatolia that was the center of east – west and north – south trade since Assyria trade colonies was lost its commercial importance during the conquer by Turks, long time ago. Before Seljuk, the region was a part of the Byzantine Empire and it lost its commercial activities. It was a long time for Seljuk to revitalise the Anatolian trade. The war in Myriokephalon reduced the problems of Turkish Seljuk and enabled the establishment of a strong state in Anatolia. Myriokephalon War deeply impacted Byzantine and the Seljuk Sultan Kılıç Arslan focused on to develop the economy of the county and made very important achievements. He was the first who tried to conquer Antalya that is a port city. Kılıç Arslan and succeeding Sultans of Seljuk State followed the same path. Izeddin Keykavus conquered Sinop. Alâeddin Keykubâd conquered Alanya, so Seljuk had its third port city. The volume of domestic and international trade of Seljuk made it very powerful economy of the region. In this study, the factors which made for Seljuk to conquer these port cities in the Black Sea and Mediterranean easy, and the contribution of maritime trade to Seljuk economy, with reference to the sources form the era.
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Reports on the topic "Alaska commercial"

1

Reyes-Jimenez, J., and L. Tsoukalas. ALARA practices to minimize occupational radiation exposure from contamination at commercial nuclear power plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103025.

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Commercial fishing fatality summary: Alaska region. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2017171.

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Commercial fisherman drowned after fishing vessel capsized - Alaska. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface92ak032.

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Commercial fisherman presumed drowned after fishing vessel capsized - Alaska. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface92ak014.

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Commercial fisherman drowned after fishing vessel capsized - Alaska, August 31, 1992. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshface9232.

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Commercial fisherman presumed drowned after fishing vessel capsized - Alaska, February 3, 1992. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshface9214.

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Fatigue prevention for pilots: a training program for commercial pilots in Alaska. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2016162.

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Summary of existing data and potential for commercial hydrocarbon accumulations, Bristol Bay, Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1188.

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Commercial fishing vessel skipper dies after being pulled into a deck winch - Alaska. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface95ak023.

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Current intelligence bulletin 58 - commercial fishing fatalities in Alaska, risk factors and prevention strategies. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub97163.

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