Academic literature on the topic 'Alaska Genealogy'

Not all spirits have retreated to metaphor, even in the very public sphere of U.S. electoral politics. As we learned during the last presidential campaign, Governor Sarah Palin enlisted the help of Kenyan pastor Thomas Muthee during his 2005 visit to Alaska to cast out the spirits that hindered her career. TheNew York Timeselaborated, “Ms. Palin has long associations with religious leaders who practice a … brand of Pentecostalism known as ‘spiritual warfare.’ Its adherents believe that demonic forces can colonize specific geographic areas and individuals.… Critics say the goal of the spiritual warfare movement is to create atheocracy” (Goodstein 2008, my emphasis).

Scientific expeditions organized in different years by the Russian government to the northeast of the country needed guiding maps compiled by experienced people, including the son of a boyar Ivan Lviv from Yakutsk. In the 1710s, he compiled the first map of Chukotka with the inclusion of the Anadyr prison, two islands and part of Alaska, which, not yet explored by anyone, at one time went down in history as the "Land of the Yakut nobleman". The genealogy of the serviceman Ivan Lviv begins with Yakut Kisikey Sakhaltin, baptized in Moscow in 1677 under the name of Leonty Lviv and recorded in the title of the son of a boyar. His direct descendant, the official A.Ya. Uvarovsky, is known as a writer who wrote the first works of fiction in the Yakut language in 1848. The map compiled by the son of Boyar Ivan Leontievich Lviv is now highly regarded as the oldest map in which, for the first time in the world, the strait connecting the Arctic and Pacific Oceans, the islands of Diomede (Gvozdev) and part of Alaska were designated.

Abstract We employed Bayesian coalescent modeling of samples of mitochondrial control region sequences in two species of shorebird, Red Knots (Calidris canutus) and Dunlins (Calidris alpina) to estimate evolutionary effective population size, population divergence times, and time to most recent common ancestor of genes in the samples. The gene trees for the two species contrast sharply: knot haplotypes were connected in a shallow, star phylogeny whereas Dunlin haplotypes were related in a deeper bifurcating genealogy. Divergence times of populations representing all six subspecies of knots are estimated to have occurred within the last 20 000 (95% CI: 5600–58 000) years, and evolutionary effective population sizes of females are small (Nef = 2000–14 000). We hypothesized that breeding knots were restricted to unglaciated regions of Eurasia during the last glacial maximum, and gradually expanded eastwards into Alaska, the high Canadian Arctic and Greenland as the ice melted. Population divergence times in Dunlins are much older (58 000–194 000 ybp) and effective population size has historically been higher in major lineages (Nef = 12 000–44 000). We conclude that Dunlin populations were not severely reduced in size in the last 200 000 years, and major lineages have differentiated under restricted gene flow for a much longer time than knots. Knots present a snapshot of genetic evolution in the last 20 000 years, whereas Dunlins display patterns of genetic evolution over an order of magnitude longer time frame. Tiempos de Divergencia Poblacional e Historia Demográfica en Calidris canutus y C. alpina Resumen. Aplicamos modelos Bayesianos de coalescencia en una muestra de secuencias de la región de control mitocondrial de dos especies de playeros, Calidris canutus y C. alpina, para estimar el tamaño efectivo de la población, los tiempos de divergencia entre poblaciones y la distancia cronológica al antepasado común más reciente de los genes muestreados. Los árboles genealógicos de las dos especies contrastan fuertemente: los haplotipos de C. canutus están conectados superficialmente siguiendo un patrón filogenético en forma de estrella, mientras que los haplotipos de C. alpina se relacionan de manera más profunda, mostrando patrones de genealogía bifurcados. Se estima que la divergencia poblacional de las seis subespecies de C. canutus tuvo lugar durante los últimos 20 000 años aproximadamente, y los tamaños efectivos de la población de hembras son pequeños (Nef = 2000–14 000). Presumimos que la reproducción de C. canutus estuvo restringida sólo a regiones de Eurasia que estuvieron libres de hielo durante el último máximo glacial y se expandieron gradualmente hacia el este de Alaska, el Ártico canadiense y Groenlandia cuando el hielo se derritió. Los tiempos de divergencia poblacional en C. alpina son más antiguos (58 000–194 000), y el tamaño efectivo de la población ha sido históricamente más alto en los linajes principales (Nef = 12 000–44 000). Concluimos que las poblaciones de C. alpina no mostraron reducciones serias en los últimos 200 000 años, y que sus linajes se han diferenciado por un período de tiempo mucho más prolongado que los de C. canutus. Los patrones encontrados para C. canutus representan una imagen de evolución genética ocurrida durante los últimos 20 000 años, mientras que los patrones de C. alpina indican la ocurrencia de evolución genética durante un período de tiempo diez veces más largo.