Academic literature on the topic 'Alaska Grooms'
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Journal articles on the topic "Alaska Grooms"
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Krueger, Hans Hanson, Mark B. Gravens, and Nicholas C. Kraus. "PROTOTYPE APPLICATIONS OF A GENERALIZED SHORELINE CHANGE NUMERICAL MODEL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.94.
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Three case studies are described in which long-term shoreline response was simulated using a numerical model. One project was along Kachemak Bay, Alaska and involved evaluation of design alternatives that included a detached breakwater, beach fill, and a revetment. The second project was on the north New Jersey coast and characterized by a long seawall and numerous groins. The third project was a model test of shoreline change behind three detached breakwaters Lake Erie. The shoreline response model used, called GENESIS, is demonstrated to have applicability to a wide range of commonly encountered shore protection situations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alaska Grooms"
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Cummine, Angela. "A citizen's stake in Sovereign Wealth Funds : the management, investment and distribution of sovereign wealth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5c3b8fa7-768e-445f-b4f1-54297dca9582.
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Over the past five years, Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) have become a prominent phenomenon in contemporary capitalism. Described as government investment vehicles that invest state wealth in financial markets, the majority of the world's 60-plus funds have been established since the year 2000. Despite extensive treatments of SWFs' geopolitical and international significance, ethical and domestic level analyses are sparse. In response, this thesis interrogates three key normative questions raised by the funds for the domestic citizen-state relationship: (1) How (and by whom) should sovereign funds be managed? (2) How should sovereign wealth be invested? (3) How should the earnings of sovereign fund investment be distributed? In answering these questions, this thesis aims to dispel ambiguity over the ownership status of sovereign funds, evident in popular and academic discourse and within communities that establish these entities. For this task, it draws on recently revived fiduciary theory of the citizen-state relationship to argue that the rightful owner of these funds is the citizenry - not states or governments who enjoy physical and legal possession of SWFs. It goes on to examine the implications of this fiduciary state conception of SWF ownership, asking how citizen-owners should enjoy control over and benefit from the distinct constituent parts of their SWF property: the institution of the fund, the underlying sovereign wealth and the financial returns earned on the investment of its assets. The model of citizen ownership defended demands substantially increased popular control over SWF management and the investment of sovereign wealth, as well as direct benefit rights for citizen-owners to fund income through individualised distribution of investment returns. Examination of existing practice among SWFs demonstrates that this normative ideal is far, although not impossibly distant from current institutional practice.
Books on the topic "Alaska Grooms"
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Murray, David A. Early Aleutians East Borough Alaska Marriage Index 1745-1950: Computer Indexed Alaska Marriage Records by Nicholas Russell Murray. 3878 W 3200 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84120-2154 USA ph.801-966-1611 huntingforbears@yahoo.com: Hunting For Bears Genealogical Society and Library, 2012.
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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Thanksgiving groom. New York: Steeple Hill Books, 2010.
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Early Aleutians West C.A. Alaska Marriage Index 1745-1950: Computer Indexed Alaska Marriage Records by Nicholas Russell Murray. 3878 W 3200 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84120-2154 USA ph.801-966-1611 huntingforbears@yahoo.com: Hunting For Bears Genealogical Society and Library, 2012.
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Anchorage Borough AK Marriages 1745-1950 (23 vols): Computer Indexed Alaska Marriage Records by Nicholas Russell Murray. 3878 W 3200 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84120-2154 USA ph.801-966-1611 huntingforbears@yahoo.com: Hunting For Bears Genealogical Society and Library, 2012.
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Kaaháni Worl, Rosita. Alaska. Edited by Frederick E. Hoxie. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858897.013.31.
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This chapter offers an overview of the experiences of the four major cultural groups within the borders of modern Alaska: Eskimos (Yup’ik, Inupiat), Aleuts, Athabaskans, and the Haida and Tlingit Indians. After describing the nature of precontact Alaskan cultures, the chapter describes the era of Russian rule (dominated by the trade in sea otters, the violent subjugation of the Aleuts, and the advent of Russian Orthodox missionaries), the American purchase and its aftermath, the Second World War, and the tumultuous events accompanying the admission of Alaska to statehood in 1958. Throughout their encounter with outsiders, the indigenous peoples of Alaska have struggled with the introduction of new diseases, assaults on their subsistence traditions, and struggles over land ownership. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (1971) has ushered in a new period of improvement even though the state’s Native people continue to struggle with the ongoing effects of colonialism.
Book chapters on the topic "Alaska Grooms"
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Villars, P., K. Cenzual, J. Daams, R. Gladyshevskii, O. Shcherban, V. Dubenskyy, V. Kuprysyuk, and I. Savysyuk. "AlAsO4." In Structure Types. Part 8: Space Groups (156) P3m1 – (148) R-3, 429. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70892-6_230.
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"Enclosing the Fisheries: People, Places, and Power." In Enclosing the Fisheries: People, Places, and Power, edited by Steve J. Langdon. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874059.ch8.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—In 1995, the harvestable quotas for Pacific halibut <em>Hippoglossus stenolepis </em>and sablefish <em>Anoplopoma fimbria </em>in the Gulf of Alaska were fully privatized primarily as individual fishing quotas. By 1999, initial quota held by rural, predominantly Alaska Native fishermen resident in the region had declined dramatically. Recognizing that quota loss posed a serious threat to the viability of the villages and small communities, a coalition of Alaska Native villages developed and submitted a proposal to the North Pacific Fishery Management Council to establish a community fisheries program for Gulf of Alaska villages. While partially designed along the lines of the Community Development Quota program in the Bering Sea, one of the features of the Gulf of Alaska program was the requirement that the community-based groups, known as community quota entities, would have to purchase quota on the market from other holders. This paper provides background to the emergence of the program, placing it in context of other Alaskan fisheries rights programs; discusses the diversity in the communities across the region; and considers a number of factors that contribute to the problems of implementation. The paper concludes that there are serious barriers to the successful fulfillment of the program’s goal of local community ownership of halibut and sablefish quota as it is currently constituted. Achieving that goal will require significant policy changes or new programmatic initiatives.
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"Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Advances in Understanding Landscape Influences on Freshwater Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Jeffrey A. Falke, Brock M. Huntsman, and Erik R. Schoen. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874561.ch4.
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<i>Abstract.</i>—Climatic variation is a key driver of freshwater physical processes that in turn control stream fish growth and population dynamics at fine spatial scales and species distributions across broad landscapes. A recent downturn in Chinook Salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </i>returns across the Yukon River basin, Alaska, USA and Yukon Territories, Canada has led to hardship among user groups and increased interest in understanding how freshwater processes affect population persistence within this important commercial, recreational, and subsistence fishery. Here, we present results for the Chena River basin, interior Alaska, where we used field observations and riverscape-scale spatially explicit models to assess the influence of stream temperature on juvenile Chinook Salmon growth potential among years (2003–2015) and across 438 stream kilometers. We ran bioenergetic simulations for warm and cool year scenarios and contrasted temperature model precision and growth among different habitat types (small and large tributaries, main stem, and side channels) based on field estimates of growth, size, diet, and measured stream temperatures. Stream temperature regimes predicted from remotely sensed land surface temperatures were precise during the open water season (<I>R</I><sup>2</sup> > 0.87; root-mean-squared error < 1.1°C), although the relationship was weakest in groundwater-mediated tributary habitats. Field observations revealed salmon were 67% larger by mass (g) in September during a warm year versus a cool year from main-stem sites. Bioenergetic simulations predicted that, on average, growth potential was 42% higher in warm years, although growth potential varied across the riverscape as much as 60% between cool upstream and warm downstream habitats. Climate variability is clearly an important driver of freshwater habitat conditions and has a large role in controlling freshwater growth of juvenile salmon. A better understanding of how climate influences growth conditions in different habitat types and across broad landscapes will be critical for conservation and management of Alaskan Chinook Salmon stocks under an expected warmer and more variable climate.
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CORCORAN, PATRICIA A., F. H. ALLEN, A. C. ALLISON, and B. S. BLUMBERG. "Blood Groups of Alaskan Eskimos and Indians." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 134–40. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0009.
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Gmelch, George, and Sharon Bohn Gmelch. "Applying Anthropology in an Alaskan National Park." In In the Field, 50–69. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520289611.003.0004.
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In a very different sort of applied research, one of the authors is hired by the National Park Service to study Tlingit Indian and white fishermen in a remote area of Glacier Bay National Park. Both groups are suspicious of the research and some individuals are hostile, fearing the Park Service intends to impose new regulations. Shunned at first, the anthropologist later is recruited by the Tlingit to become an “expert witness” and advocate for their rights in Alaska’s Supreme Court.
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"The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons." In The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons, edited by Joseph A. Orsi, Jeffrey A. Harding, Suzan S. Pool, Richard D. Brodeur, Lewis J. Haldorson, James M. Murphy, Jamal H. Moss, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569957.ch5.
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Abstract.—We compared epipelagic fish assemblages associated with juvenile (ocean-age 0) Pacific salmon <em>Oncorhynchus </em>spp. from neritic waters of the California Current and Alaska Current regions in the spring–summer and summer–fall periods of 2000–2004. Catches originated from rope trawl surveys conducted between latitudes 37°N and 60°N and spanned more than 1,100 km in the coastal and inshore habitats of each region. Catch data were used from the epipelagic sampling of waters from near surface to depths of about 18 m, primarily over the continental shelf. Catch composition, frequency of occurrence, and density were evaluated between regions and habitats for day sampling. Diel (night and day) catch comparisons were also made at a few localities in each region. In day catches from both regions, a total of 1.69 million fish and squid representing 52 fish families and 118 fish species were sampled from 2,390 trawl hauls. Ninety-seven percent of the daytime catch was composed of 11 fish families and squid in coastal and inshore habitats of each region: clupeids dominated catches in the California Current (72% and 76% of catch, respectively), and salmonids dominated catches in the Alaska Current (46% and 62% of catch, respectively). Juveniles comprised 81–99% of salmon sampled in both coastal and inshore habitats of each region. Frequencies of occurrence were highest for juvenile salmon in both regions, but average densities were highest for Pacific herring <em>Clupea pallasii </em>and Pacific sardine <em>Sardinops sagax </em>in the California Current region. Cluster analyses revealed distinct geographic breakpoints in coastal species assemblages off central Vancouver Island and in inshore species assemblages in southeastern Alaska. Species were found to cluster into six groups from coastal localities and four groups from inshore localities. Indicator species analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that most species of juvenile salmonids were located in northern localities. Although juvenile salmon had the most uniform distribution of any species group, their densities relative to associated species were dramatically lower in the California Current, suggesting a higher degree of interactions between juvenile salmon and other species in this region. Diel comparisons in both regions indicated substantially higher catches at night, particularly of clupeids, osmerids, and gadids. Salmonids were a relatively minor component of the night catch in both regions due to dramatic diel shifts in community structure. Additional study of diel interactions of juvenile salmon and associated species is needed to quantify habitat utilization dynamics in marine ecosystems.
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Allen, Carol Easley, and Cheryl E. Easley. "People of Color." In Social Injustice and Public Health, 45–74. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0003.
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This chapter, which focuses mainly on the United States, describes and provides many examples of how discrimination against members of racial and ethnic minority groups adversely affects their health. The chapter focuses on African Americans and non-American blacks in the United States, Latinos, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans and Alaska Natives. The chapter discusses the roots and underlying issues of social injustice experienced by racial and ethnic minorities, including racial discrimination, poverty, social exclusion, geographical location and residence patterns, employment status and occupational health issues, and health literacy. The chapter also discusses what needs to be done. Three text boxes address racial/ethnic definitions in the U.S. Census, the high maternal mortality ratio among African American women, and cultural competence/transcultural nursing.
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"Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing." In Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing, edited by PATRICK W. MALECHA, ROBERT P. STONE, and JONATHAN HEIFETZ. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569605.ch47.
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<em><strong>Abstract. </strong></em>“Living substrate” has been identified as an important marine habitat and is susceptible to impacts from fishing activities. In Alaskan waters of the North Pacific and Bering Sea, little is known about the distribution of deepwater living substrate such as sponges (phylum Porifera), sea anemones (order Actiniaria), sea whips and sea pens (order Pennatulacea), ascidians (class Ascidiacea), and bryozoans (phylum Ectoprocta). Based on 26 years of survey data (mostly from catches in bottom trawls collected between 1975 and 2000), we created living substrate distribution maps. In general, the five groups of living substrate were observed in varying densities along the continental shelf and upper continental slope. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of sponges was greatest along the Aleutian Islands, while CPUEs of ascidians and bryozoans were greatest in the Bering Sea. Large CPUEs of sea anemones, sea pens, and sea whips were observed in both the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. Broad-scale species associations between living substrate and commercially important fishes and crabs were also identified. Flatfish (Bothidae and Pleuronectidae) were most commonly associated with ascidians and bryozoans; gadids (Gadidae; also known as cods) with sea anemones, sea pens, and sea whips; rockfish (<em>Sebastes </em>spp. and shortspine thornyhead <em>Sebastolobus alascanus</em>) and Atka mackerel <em>Pleurogrammus monopterygius </em>with sponges; crabs (<em>Chionoecetes </em>spp., <em>Paralithodes </em>spp., <em>Lithodes </em>spp., Dungeness crab <em>Cancer magister</em>, and hair crab <em>Erimacrus isenbeckii</em>) with ascidians; and other commercial fish species (sablefish <em>Anoplopoma fimbria</em>, Hexagrammidae, and Rajidae) with sea pens and sea whips. These data should provide resource managers with insight into living substrate distribution and relationships among benthic community organisms and, ultimately, with future in-depth studies, may aid in determining specific areas for habitat protection and facilitate management practices that minimize fishery impacts to living substrate.
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Inglebret, Ella, Susan Rae Banks, D. Michael Pavel, Rhonda Friedlander, and Mary Loy Stone. "Multimedia Curriculum Development Based on the Oval Tradition." In Information Technology and Indigenous People, 123–25. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-298-5.ch015.
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Responsiveness to cultural background has become a dominant theme associated with efforts to increase the effectiveness of human service delivery, both in educational and medical settings (Battle, 2002). As a consequence, service providers are in need of educational materials that accurately portray cultural factors impacting their interactions with members of culturally diverse groups. To address the need for materials pertinent to indigenous peoples in the Pacific Northwest (American Indians and Alaska Natives), an interactive, multimedia educational unit, titled “Diverse Voices: Native Perspectives in Human Service Delivery,” was developed with funding from the U.S. Department of Education (HO29K70133). A collaborative endeavor among faculty and students at Washington State University in partnership with members of nearby indigenous communities, this project sought to provide an information source for non-indigenous students and professionals, while simultaneously using a culturally congruent pedagogy — the oral tradition.
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"The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons." In The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons, edited by Alex C. Wertheimer and Frank P. Thrower. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569957.ch9.
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Abstract.—Interannual variability in chum salmon <em>Oncorhynchus keta </em>mortality during early marine life is thought to have a major influence on recruitment. However, few estimates of daily mortality are available for chum salmon during this period, and average values reported in the literature are unrealistically high when used in a simple life-history model. We analyzed survival to adult of seven groups of chum salmon, marked as juveniles, and released at different times and sizes at Little Port Walter, Alaska to estimate average daily mortality during early marine residency for an early emigration group and a late emigration group. We assumed that differences in proportions of groups surviving to adult between the initial releases of unfed fry and subsequent releases of fed fry for each group were due to natural mortality during the time interval between releases. For both groups, mortality was highest during the period immediately after release, declining rapidly thereafter. Average daily mortality was 8.1% for the early release during their first 21d in the ocean and 3.9% for the late release during the first 32 d in the ocean. After May 4 (54 d and 33 d postrelease, respectively, for the early and late groups), average daily mortality was less than 0.6% for both groups. These results support the paradigm that most of the mortality of chum salmon in the ocean occurs early in their marine residency, and the results provide realistic rates for demographic modeling of the abundance of chum salmon in marine habitats.
Conference papers on the topic "Alaska Grooms"
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Wang, Bronwen, Susan M. Karl, Keith A. Labay, James V. Jones, Nora Shew, Matthew Granitto, Timothy S. Hayes, et al. "IDENTIFICATION OF AREAS WITH CRITICAL MINERALS RESOURCE POTENTIAL IN SIX GROUPS OF MINERAL DEPOSIT TYPES IN ALASKA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286305.
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Shaw, Anne, Tony Reynolds, and Ed Warren. "Integrated Description of a Complex Low Net/Gross Sandstone Reservoir: Upper Subzones of the Endicott Field, N Slope of Alaska." In European 3-D Reservoir Modelling Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35496-ms.
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Wu, Tingcheng, and Luis San Andrés. "Pump Grooved Seals: A CFD Approach to Improve Bulk-Flow Model Predictions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90499.
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Abstract In multiple stage centrifugal pumps, balance pistons, often comprising a grooved annular seal, equilibrate the full pressure rise across the pump. Grooves in the stator break the evolution of fluid swirl and increase mechanical energy dissipation; hence, a grooved seal offers a lesser leakage and lower cross-coupled stiffness than a similar size uniform clearance seal. To date bulk-flow models (BFMs) expediently predict leakage and rotor dynamic force coefficients of grooved seals; however, they lack accuracy for any other geometry besides rectangular. Note scalloped and triangular (serrated) groove seals are not uncommon. In these cases, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models seals of complex shape to produce leakage and force coefficients. Alas CFD is not yet ready for routine engineer practice. Hence, an intermediate procedure presently takes an accurate two-dimensional (2D) CFD model of a smaller flow region, namely a single groove and adjacent land, to produce stator and rotor surface wall friction factors, expressed as functions of the Reynolds numbers, for integration into an existing BFM and ready prediction of seal leakage and force coefficients. The selected groove-land section is well within the seal length and far away from the effects of the inlet condition. The analysis takes three water lubricated seals with distinct groove shapes: rectangular, scalloped and triangular. Each seal, with length/diameter L/D = 0.4, has 44 grooves of shallow depth dg ∼ clearance Cr, and operates at a rotor speed equal to 5,588 rpm (78 m/s surface speed) and with a pressure drop of 14.9 MPa. The method validity is asserted when 2D (single groove-land) and 3D (whole seal) predictions for pressure and velocity fields are compared against each other. The CFD predictions, 2D and 3D, show the triangular groove seal has the largest leakage, 41% greater than the rectangular groove seal does, albeit producing the smallest cross-coupled stiffnesses and whirl frequency ratio. On the other hand, the triangular groove seal has the largest direct stiffness and damping coefficients. The scalloped groove seal shows similar rotordynamic force coefficients as the rectangular groove seal but leaks 13% more. For the three seal groove types, the modified BFM predicts leakage that is less than 6% away from that delivered by CFD, whereas the seal stiffnesses (both direct and cross-coupled) differ by 13%, the direct damping coefficients by 18%, and the added mass coefficients are within 30%. The procedure introduced extends the applicability of a BFM to predict the dynamic performance of grooved seals with distinctive shapes.
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Smith, Valarie J. "TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE WEDOWEE AND EMUCKFAW GROUPS OF THE SOUTHERN BLUE RIDGE OF EAST CENTRAL ALABMA." In 66th Annual GSA Southeastern Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017se-290991.
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Cai, Meiling, Yuxiu Li, Ying Chen, Jinliang Xu, Longyan Zhang, and Junpeng Lei. "Wettability Transition of a Liquid Droplet on Solid Surface With Nanoscale Inverted Triangular Grooves." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-4217.
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Abstract Inspired by a few phenomena in nature such as the lotus leaf, red rose petal, gecko’s feet and Nepenthes Alata plant, much attention has been paid to use simple and feasible means to achieve remarkable wetting behaviour for many applications in various areas including self-cleaning for building exteriors and windshields, oil/water separation, anti-icing, liquid collecting, anti-fogging and anti-corrosion. Based on the established theoretical models, wetting behaviour of a liquid droplet obtained by molecular dynamics simulation method is generally in good agreement with the experimental results. In macro and micro scale, the previous theories can explain and predict the wetting behaviors well. However, these theories are invalid for nanoscale. It is essential to reveal the underlying physical mechanism of the wetting behaviors of the droplet on solid surface with nanoroughness. Extensive studies on nanosale wettability focus on the effect of nano structures on wettability state. Desired wetting behavior of rough material surface achieved by nanosize reentrant geometry like “T” or mushroom shape and other variant geometry with solid overhangs has been widely used in self-cleaning surfaces, heat exchange and many applications. For example, “T” shape groove with different depths and widths under nanoscale has been considered to confer superhydrophobicity to hydrophilic surfaces gradually. In this paper, wettability transition of a liquid droplet on geometrically heterogeneous solid substrate with nanoscale structures of inverted triangular grooves is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulation method under the parameter space spanned by structure geometry and solid-liquid molecular interaction potential strength. Three wettability states, namely Cassie nonwetting state, Cassie-to-Wenzel transition state and Wenzel wetting state, are identified with various geometries and potential strength. For Cassie nonwetting state, increasing height of the triangles has less effect on wettability transition with weak solid-liquid molecular interaction. Besides, the Cassie nonwetting state is less sensitive to different interval between the triangles as solid-liquid molecular interaction is weak. For Cassie-to-Wenzel transition state, increasing height of the triangles and decreasing interval between the triangles decrease wettability. For Wenzel wetting state, increasing interval between the triangles with low height increases wettability. With strong solid-liquid molecular interaction, different interval between the triangles results in wetting state transition from Wenzel to transition state. What’s more, liquid droplet changes its state from Wenzel wetting state to Cassie-to-Wenzel transition state with increasing height of the triangles or decreasing interval between the triangles. Three wettability transition regions are identified in the parameter space.
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Hrncˇi´rˇ, Toma´sˇ, and Vladimi´r Necˇas. "Impact of Nuclide Vector Composition Contained in Conditionally Released Steel Reused in Motorway Tunnels Scenario on Calculated Individual Effective Doses." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59128.
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This paper presents ongoing results of the project presented at ICEM 10 [paper 40071] related to the topics of the reuse of conditionally released materials arising from decommissioning of nuclear installations. The subject of the presented paper is modelling of motorway tunnels, which reuse the conditionally released steel in form of reinforcing nets and bars for the concrete construction of tunnels. The general approach for the project was presented at ICEM 10. The activities of the project continued in evaluating the impact of the nuclide composition contained in the conditionally released steel on calculated individual effective doses from the external exposure (the internal exposure will be evaluated in next stages of the project). Mentioned radioactive steel arises during decommissioning and would be reused in motorway tunnels. Evaluated scenarios are related to critical groups of public (driver’s scenarios) and for professionals constructing the tunnels and performing the maintenance of tunnels (worker’s scenarios). The computer code VISIPLAN 4.0 3D ALARA planning tool was used for the calculation of individual effective doses for worker and for public groups. Various limits of the individual effective dose are used for public and for professionals. The aim of the ongoing modelling is to develop a set of data of the maximal radioactivity concentration for individual radionuclides contained in the conditionally released steel used in tunnel model constructions in order not to exceed the limits for the individual effective dose.
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Panik, Michal, and Vladimir Necas. "Evaluation of External Exposure During Building and Operation of Concrete Bridges Constructions That Reuse the Conditionally Released Steels." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59120.
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This paper presents ongoing results of the project presented at ICEM’10 [1] related to the topics of reusing the conditionally released materials from decommissioning. The subject of the reuse of conditionally released materials in this case is modeling of bridge constructions which reuse the conditionally released steel in the form of reinforcement bars for the concrete bridges. A general approach for the project was presented at ICEM’10. The activities of the project continue in evaluating the individual effective doses from the external exposure based on reused conditionally released steels separately for public and for professionals (the internal exposure will be evaluated in next stages of the project). Evaluated scenarios are related to critical groups of professionals constructing the bridges (worker’s scenarios). The computer code VISIPLAN 3D ALARA 4.0 planning tool was used for the calculation of the individual effective dose for professionals. Various limits of the annual individual effective dose are used for the evaluation of calculation results. The aim of the ongoing modeling is to develop a set of data of maximal radioactivity concentration for individual radionuclides in the conditionally released steel used in the bridges model constructions in order not to exceed the limits for the individual effective dose.
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Danisˇka, Vladimir, Jozef Pri´trsky´, Frantisˇek Ondra, Matej Zachar, and Vladimi´r Necˇas. "Reuse of Conditional Released Materials From Decommissioning: A Review of Approaches and Scenarios With Long-Term Constructions." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59149.
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Paper presents the overall scope and actual results of the project for evaluation of representative scenarios for reuse of conditionally released materials from decommissioning. Aim of the project is to evaluate the possibilities of reuse of conditionally released steels and concrete in technical constructions which guarantee the long-term preservation of design properties over periods of 50–100 years. Interaction of conditionally released materials with public is limited and predictable due to design and purpose of selected constructions and due to fact that in many scenarios these materials are embedded in non-radioactive materials such as bars in reinforced concrete. Worker’s scenarios for preparation, operation and maintenance of these constructions are analysed in detail including the manufacturing of elements for these constructions. Project aims to evaluate the scenarios of reuse of conditionally released materials in a complex way in order to develop the data for designers of scenarios and to evaluate the volumes of conditionally released materials based on facility (to be decommissioned) inventory data. The long-term constructions considered are bridges, tunnels, roads, railway constructions, industrial buildings, power industry equipment and others. Evaluation covers following areas: • Analysis of activities for manufacturing of reinforcement bars, rolled steel sheets and other steel elements and analysis of activities for construction of evaluated scenarios in order to evaluate the external exposure of professionals performing these activities; • Analysis of external exposure of professionals involved in operation and maintenance of the long-term constructions; analysis of external exposure of public groups which are exposed to evaluated constructions; • Analysis of internal exposure of public groups from the radionuclides released from the evaluated scenarios based on models for migration of radionuclides from the long-term constructions to critical groups of public; • Based on evaluation of external and internal exposure both for public and workers, maximal concentration of individual radionuclides is defined for construction elements of evaluated scenarios, manufactured from conditionally released materials; • Evaluation of volumes of steels and concrete in the frame of a decommissioning project which fulfil the defined radioactivity concentration limits. Visiplan 4.0 3D ALARA software is used for evaluation of external exposure of professionals and public, GOLDSIM software for evaluation of internal exposure of public and OMEGA code for evaluation of volumes of conditionally releasable materials. Several other parallel papers proposed for ICEM 11 are presenting selected details of the project.
Reports on the topic "Alaska Grooms"
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Busby, Ryan, Thomas Douglas, Joshua LeMonte, David Ringelberg, and Karl Indest. Metal accumulation capacity in indigenous Alaska vegetation growing on military training lands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41443.
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Permafrost thawing could increase soil contaminant mobilization in the environment. Our objective was to quantify metal accumulation capacities for plant species and functional groups common to Alaskan military training ranges where elevated soil metal concentrations were likely to occur. Plant species across multiple military training range sites were collected. Metal content in shoots and roots was compared to soil metal concentrations to calculate bioconcentration and translocation factors. On average, grasses accumulated greater concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn relative to forbs or shrubs, and bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Ni and Pb. Shrubs bioconcentrated greater concentrations of Sb. Translocation to shoots was greatest among the forbs. Three native plants were identified as candidate species for use in metal phytostabilization applications. Elymus macrourus, a grass, bioconcentrated substantial concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn in roots with low translocation to shoots. Elaeagnus commutata, a shrub, bioconcentrated the greatest amounts of Sb, Ni, and Cr, with a low translocation factor. Solidago decumbens bio-concentrated the greatest amount of Sb among the forbs and translocated the least amount of metals. A combination of forb, shrub, and grass will likely enhance phytostabilization of heavy metals in interior Alaska soils through increased functional group diversity.
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Wells, Aaron, Tracy Christopherson, Gerald Frost, Matthew Macander, Susan Ives, Robert McNown, and Erin Johnson. Ecological land survey and soils inventory for Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2016–2017. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287466.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to inventory, classify, and map soils and vegetation within the ecosystems of Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM) using an ecological land survey (ELS) approach. The ecosystem classes identified in the ELS effort were mapped across the park, using an archive of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) datasets pertaining to land cover, topography, surficial geology, and glacial history. The description and mapping of the landform-vegetation-soil relationships identified in the ELS work provides tools to support the design and implementation of future field- and RS-based studies, facilitates further analysis and contextualization of existing data, and will help inform natural resource management decisions. We collected information on the geomorphic, topographic, hydrologic, pedologic, and vegetation characteristics of ecosystems using a dataset of 724 field plots, of which 407 were sampled by ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research and Services (ABR) staff in 2016–2017, and 317 were from existing, ancillary datasets. ABR field plots were located along transects that were selected using a gradient-direct sampling scheme (Austin and Heligers 1989) to collect data for the range of ecological conditions present within KATM, and to provide the data needed to interpret ecosystem and soils development. The field plot dataset encompassed all of the major environmental gradients and landscape histories present in KATM. Individual state-factors (e.g., soil pH, slope aspect) and other ecosystem components (e.g., geomorphic unit, vegetation species composition and structure) were measured or categorized using standard classification systems developed for Alaska. We described and analyzed the hierarchical relationships among the ecosystem components to classify 92 Plot Ecotypes (local-scale ecosystems) that best partitioned the variation in soils, vegetation, and disturbance properties observed at the field plots. From the 92 Plot Ecotypes, we developed classifications of Map Ecotypes and Disturbance Landscapes that could be mapped across the park. Additionally, using an existing surficial geology map for KATM, we developed a map of Generalized Soil Texture by aggregating similar surficial geology classes into a reduced set of classes representing the predominant soil textures in each. We then intersected the Ecotype map with the General-ized Soil Texture Map in a GIS and aggregated combinations of Map Ecotypes with similar soils to derive and map Soil Landscapes and Soil Great Groups. The classification of Great Groups captures information on the soil as a whole, as opposed to the subgroup classification which focuses on the properties of specific horizons (Soil Survey Staff 1999). Of the 724 plots included in the Ecotype analysis, sufficient soils data for classifying soil subgroups was available for 467 plots. Soils from 8 orders of soil taxonomy were encountered during the field sampling: Alfisols (<1% of the mapped area), Andisols (3%), Entisols (45%), Gelisols (<1%), Histosols (12%), Inceptisols (22%), Mollisols (<1%), and Spodosols (16%). Within these 8 Soil Orders, field plots corresponded to a total of 74 Soil Subgroups, the most common of which were Typic Cryaquents, Typic Cryorthents, Histic Cryaquepts, Vitrandic Cryorthents, and Typic Cryofluvents.
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Sandstone composition of the Valdez and Orca groups, Prince William Sound, Alaska. US Geological Survey, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/b1774.
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