Academic literature on the topic 'Albania'

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Journal articles on the topic "Albania"

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MURÁNYI, DÁVID. "New and little–known stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Albania and the neighbouring countries." Zootaxa 1533, no. 1 (July 26, 2007): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1533.1.1.

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Five new taxa (Leuctra malcor sp. n., Nemoura asceta sp. n. and N. vinconi sp. n. from Albania, Leuctra mortoni feheri ssp. n. from Albania, Montenegro and Bulgaria, Nemoura anas sp. n. from Albania, Montenegro and Macedonia) are described, three new species groups within the genus Nemoura are erected (N. brevipennis, N. fusca, N. peristeri groups). Redescriptions of Nemoura peristeri Aubert, larval descriptions of Brachyptera phthiotica Berthélemy and Protonemura albanica Raušer are given; B. phthiotica is new for the Albanian fauna. Leuctra metsovonica Aubert and Chloroperla zhiltzovae Zwick are reported from Albania with doubts, their morphological differences from the typical forms are discussed. Siphonoperla graeca (Aubert) stat.n. is new for the Albanian fauna and S. neglecta (Rostock) is new for the Greek fauna. With 109 figures.
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Parapatits, Felicitas. "Albania: Reform of Consumer Protection Law." European Review of Private Law 18, Issue 1 (February 1, 2010): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2010009.

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Abstract: The Republic of Albania ranks as a potential candidate country of the European Union. In order to become a candidate country, Albania agreed to ensure that its existing laws and future legislation shall be gradually made compatible with the acquis communautaire. In 2008, the Albanian legislator made an attempt to fulfil this obligation in the field of consumer law replacing the old Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 2003 by the new CPA 2008, which aims at a full implementation of the European directives on consumer protection law. The CPA 2008 constitutes a great improvement to the legal situation in Albania and marks an important step towards European Union accession. Nevertheless, the CPA 2008 did not implement all the directives to a full extent. Moreover, the relationship between the specific provisions on consumer protection in the CPA 2008 and the more general provisions on contract law in the Albanian Civil Code is not clear. This article first provides an outline of the past developments and recent regulations on consumer protection law in Albania and then illustrates the need of further harmonization between the CPA and the Albanian Civil Code. Résumé: L’Albanie est un potentiel pays candidat à l’Union européenne. Afin de devenir un pays candidat, l’Albanie a accepté de rendre sa législation, présente et future, compatible avec l’acquis communautaire. En 2008, le législateur albanais tenta de remplir cette obligation en matière de protection des consommateurs, en remplaçant l’ancienne loi sur la protection des consommateurs (datant de 2003) par une nouvelle législation visant à transposer complètement les directives européennes sur la protection des consommateurs. La loi sur la protection des consommateurs de 2008 est un pas important en direction d’une adhésion à l’Union européenne. Néanmoins, elle n’a pas transposé l’ensemble des directives dans toute leur étendue. Cet article donne dans un premier temps un aperçu des développements passés et des réglementations récentes en matière de protection des consommateurs en Albanie. Il démontre ensuite le besoin d’une plus grande harmonisation entre la loi sur la protection des consommateurs de 2008 et le Code civil albanais.
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Verli, Jorina, and Bujar DUGOLLI. "The Rivalry between Italy and Great Britain to Obtain a Monopolistic Concession on the Albanian Oil." Balkanistic Forum 32, no. 3 (September 15, 2023): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.4.

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After his return to power in 1924, the problems of the weak Albanian economy made Ahmet Zogu seek quick solutions to stabilize both the state and his regime. Albania started welcoming foreign financial capitals to solve its economic problems, which were also political. Meanwhile, the longtime competitors, Italy and Great Britain, through their powerful companies, tried to invest in strategic sectors of the Albanian economy. In this way, big international companies, such as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the Standard Oil Company, the powerful Italian company “Ferrovie dello Stato Italiano”, “Le Syndicat Franco-Albanais” representing the French capital etc., emerged in Albania. This created a political scene charged with tensions and ongoing negotiations between all the affected actors, including the Albanian state. In 1925, the aftermath of the international diplomatic efforts put under the spotlight the two main rivals for prevalence in Albania, Italy and Great Britain. While the first was directly and vitally concerned about Albania and the Balkans, the second was merely interested in the stability of the region. Speaking of Albania’s interests, in the achieved agreements with the different foreign companies, there were indeed a series of articles that were disadvantageous for the state and its economy. However, Ahmet Zogu made an utmost effort to play a significant role, above the real possibilities Albania had at that time.
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Vora, Rovena. "The American Attitude Towards Albania During the Peacemaking in 1919." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 8, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/137cqc92u.

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The American attitude towards Albania played an important role during the peacemaking at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The United States, unlike the European nations, entered the conflict without interests or policy toward Albania. Before the entry of the United States into the First World War there had been no American policy towards Albania and it had never been recognized by the United States. It was only after America’s entry into the world struggle that an American attitude toward the Albanian problem began to develop. More concretely, it was in the Inquiry, an organisation which was to begin preparations for the peace settlement, that an American policy towards Albania began to form. Unfortunately, before the Paris Peace Conference the plans of the American experts for a solution to the Albanian problem were similar to the Albanian settlement outlined in the Treaty of London. On the eve of the Peace Conference, the American position became more favourable to Albania. During the negotiations the United States supported the integrity of Albania within its 1913 frontiers and refused to allow this small country to be partitioned further. President Woodrow Wilson and ex-President Roosevelt united in sympathy for the Albanian cause. The Albanians are deeply grateful to them for leading the way in the defense of their just cause. The Albanian problem during the peacemaking brought Albania to the foreground and its name appeared in big headlines on the first page of the American newspapers at that time, helping a large section of the American public to locate Albania.
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Vahid oğlu Fərzəliyev, Nurbəy. "Specific features of the artistic and ornamental design of religious buildings in Caucasian Albania." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 09, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/09/106-110.

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Bu məqalədə Azərbaycan – Qafqaz Albaniyası ərazisində bizim eranın III-VII əsrlərində inşa edilmiş dini tikililərin bədii-ornamental tərtibatının spesifik xüsusiyyətləri nəzərdən keçirilir və analiz olunur. Məqalədən məlum olur ki, əhəngdaşının çatışmamazlığı səbəbindən Albaniyanın bir çox bölgələrində divarların konstruksiyasında fərqli materiallardan – müxtəlif növ daşlardan və kərpicdən eyni zamanda istifadə edilmişdir. Emala yüngül məruz qalan daşın çatışmamazlığı səbəbindən Albaniya ərazisində daş üzərində ornament həmçinin zəngin inkişaf etməmişdir. Bu səbəbdən Alban kilsələrində konstruktiv formalar fərqli texniki hörmə ilə birgə bədii tərtibatın aparıcı vasitəsi rolunda çıxış etmişdir. Açar sözlər: Alban, memarlıq, kilsə, məbəd, bədii, ornament, konstruksiya, daş, kərpic, freska Nurbay Vahid Farzaliyev Specific features of the artistic and ornamental design of religious buildings in Caucasian Albania Abstract In this article, the specific features of the artistic and ornamental design of religious buildings built in the territory of Azerbaijan-Caucasian Albania in the III-VII centuries AD were considered and analyzed. It is obvious from the article that because of the lack of limestone in many parts of Albania, different materials were used in the construction of the walls - different types of stones and bricks as well. Due to the lack of lightly processed stone, the ornament on the stone is also not richly developed in the territory of Albania. For this reason, in Albanian churches the constructive forms with different technical braids acted as the main means of artistic design. Key words: albanian, architecture, church, temple, artistic, ornament, construction, stone, brick, fresco
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Conti, Fabio, MARJAN NIKETIĆ, SNEŽANA VUKOJIČIĆ, SONJA SILJAK-YAKOVLEV, ZOLTÁN BARINA, and DMITAR LAKUŠIĆ. "A new species of Reichardia (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) from Albania and re-evaluation of R. macrophylla." Phytotaxa 236, no. 2 (November 27, 2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.2.2.

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Reichardia albanica, a new species from Mount Çika (Albanian: Mali i Çikës) in southern Albania, is described and illustrated. Its relationship with the closest taxa is also discussed and a key for the identification of species in Balkan Peninsula and Turkey is provided. In addition R. macrophylla, a neglected and synonymized Balkan endemic species, has been re-evaluated. The name Picridium macrophyllum has been lectotypified.
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Kadria, Sali. "A VIEW ON ALBANIAN-YUGOSLAV RELATIONS DURING 1922-1923." Istorija 20. veka 40, no. 1/2022 (February 1, 2022): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2022.1.kad.17-38.

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This scientific article aims to reflect some of the aspects of Albanian-Yugoslav relations in the years 1922-1923. During this period, there were two options facing the political leaders in Albania: Orienting their country toward Italy or the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, as the two countries that were interested the most on the Albanian issue. Albanian-Yugoslav relations during these years were affected by several factors, such as: the Albanian issue in Kosovo and other ethnic areas located within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes; the Italo-Yugoslav rivalry in Albania, as well as the orientation of the various Albanian political groups in Albania in relation to its neighboring countries.
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Slavković Mirić, Božica. "Yugoslav diplomat in Albania Velimir Stojnić." Tokovi istorije 31, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2023.1.sla.69-92.

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After the end of the Second World War, Yugoslavia and Albania established political and diplomatic relations. Colonel Velimir Stojnić was the first Yugoslav envoy to Albania and he remained in that position until November 1945. In my paper, I will first give a brief overview of the relations between Yugoslavia and Albania 1945–1948. Then in the main chapter, I will deal with the role and significance of Velimir Stojnić in Yugoslav–Albanian cooperation and his impact on Albanian leader Enver Hoxha and Albanian politicians. My research could be part of a broader study of Yugoslav–Albanian relations, especially as an example of good practice in bilateral cooperation.
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Gadzhiev, Murtazali S. "The Role and Place of the Middle Persian Language and Writing in Caucasian Albania." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016630-0.

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A significant political influence of Sasanian Iran on Caucasian Albania gives reasons to consider the spread of the Middle Persian language and writing among the Albanian nobility and authorities. This process contributed by the existence of close dynastic ties between the Arsacids of Albania and the Sasanian royal family at least since from the reign of King Urnayr (ca. 350–375) up the abolition of Albanian kingdom at the beginning of the 6th century. Written sources provide the correspondence of the rulers of Albania, Armenia, Iberia with the Sasanians and the written decrees of the shāhanshāhs sent to the Transcaucasian provinces of Iran, which indirectly indicates the spread of the Middle Persian language and writing here. Currently, there are three known unique gem-seals that date back to the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 6th century and belonged to the representatives of higher secular and church authorities. These are the seals of the King of Albania Aswahen, Crown Prince Asay and the Great Catholicos of Albania and Balasakan. They are of great interest for the study of cultural and political ties between Sasanian Iran and Albania, Albanian sphragistics. The title inscriptions on these official seals are made in pārsīg (pahlavi), which shows the role of the Middle Persian languages and writing among the highest Albanian nobility and the highest Christian clergy of the country, clearly indicates the huge political and cultural influence of Sasanian Iran on the Caucasian Albania. These monuments of glyptics show that the Middle Persian language and writing had the official status in the Early Medieval Albania.
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Misic, Sasa. "Serbo-Albanian bank in Albania 1925-1927." Balcanica, no. 37 (2006): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc0637249m.

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The Serbo-Albanian Bank was founded at Cetinje in 1922, at the time Yugoslav-Albanian diplomatic relations were established, with the purpose of opening its branch offices in Albania in order to contribute to closer economic relations between the two neighboring countries. The Bank was unable to achieve its goal in the first two years of operation, as it had not obtained the necessary licenses from the Albanian authorities. The branch office in Scutari was opened only in early 1925. Another topical issue at the time was the creation of the Albanian National Bank as the central monetary institution that would function as a regulator of the entire economic life of Albania. Supported by the Yugoslav state, the Serbo-Albanian Bank planned its transformation into an Albanian central bank, but without success. Namely, it was Italian capital that assumed a leading role in the Albanian National Bank founded in September 1925. In spite of this failure, the branch office of the Serbo-Albanian Bank commenced its operations in Albania. Under its roof, it set up the Privileged Trading Agency, and expressed interest in obtaining exploration and excavation concessions for the copper mine in the region of Puka in northern Albania. It was granted the concession by the Albanian government, but failed to set up a copper exploitation company. Facing numerous difficulties, the major of which was lack of the necessary cash for operation and significant business losses in Albania, the branch office was closed in 1927, pursuant to the decision of the Cetinje headquarters.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Albania"

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Pritchard, Eleanor Mary. "Albanian law and nation-building in northern Albania and Kosovo." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:10190994-b043-46f4-8f6f-306c85570877.

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My thesis explores the roles in Albanian nation-building of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin, an early-twentieth century codification of northern-Albanian customary practices, and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve, a late-twentieth century movement to conciliate blood feuds in Kosovo. To understand them, we need to know: what both were, in their own terms; their significance; and how they relate to other aspects of nation-building, and comparative examples. I draw on participant-observation fieldwork, archive work and extensive interviews. Nation-building is necessarily complicated and the Albanian case particularly so. The existence of an Albanian nation was contested by neighbouring peoples, and its characteristics, by Albanians themselves. In this complex context, the text of the Kanun, and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve, give us good insights into Albanian understandings of the nation, and associated nation-building activities, at pivotal points in national history. While the nation-building projects of the region had many elements in common, prominent ideas of a ‘national’ legal tradition are a distinctive aspect of the Albanian case. Both the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve need to be understood as aspects of nation-building. In the context of a crumbling Ottoman Empire, by presenting Albanian customary practices in the form of a legal code, the Albanian codifier made claims about the contents and the people from whom they came. The Kanun demonstrated the existence of a distinct people with a tradition of self-governance and mediation; and made significant contributions to the crucial process of language standardisation. In the context of the 1990s break-up of Yugoslavia, ideas of an Albanian legal tradition re-emerged in Kosovo, in the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve which presented intra-Albanian disputes as national concerns, and drew on traditional values and customary practices to effect conciliations. Subsequently, the Movement itself has become a national resource, through reference to which important ideas about the nation are expressed.
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Vodo, Teuta. "Explaining the increasing rates of blood feuds in post-communist Albania." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209149.

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Since the regime collapse in 1991, Albania has been going through a democratization process. In contrast to government attempts to introduce a democratic system according to a western model, blood feuds based on Albanian customary law increased drastically and individuals began to seek their own justice by ignoring state and judicial institutions. The incidence of blood feuds increased exceptionally, not only compared with the situation under the communist regime but the crime rate in general. As a result, the Albanian state has appeared not only as weak and fragile but weaker in comparison with the previous communist regime.

Although a great deal of research on vendetta is carried out either in the fields of anthropology or sociology of law, this topic has not been studied by political scientists. As a consequence, studies of vendetta in relation to institutional weaknesses are missing. Thus, one of the contributions of this study will be to fill this gap in the literature by explaining the role of state institutions in the continuation and increase in blood feuds.

The Albanian case was chosen as a subject for study as it represents a country which following a harsh communist regime has made attempts at democratization with the aim of joining the European Union, and at the same time is characterized by the strong presence of customary law claiming revenge in cases of homicide, despite interventions by the judicial authorities.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain the reasons for the increase in blood feuds in Albania from 1991 to 2010 by identifying the structure and agency factors impacting the motivation of individuals to commit murders in the name of vendetta.

I will make use of historical institutionalism to identify the increasing returns of vendetta and explore the different factors and processes that trigger and underlie the institutional development of Albanian vendetta over time. Historical institutionalism is an approach to the analysis of the evolution of institutions and their outcomes in terms of formal and informal rules that shape the behavior of actors. Hence, understanding the causation and restraining factors in determining the high rates of blood feuds is indispensable. However, because of the lack of attention that historical institutionalism pays to the structure-agency dichotomy, the tools of criminology and more specifically, elements of ‘social control theory’ are required in this study. This theory enables/permits the study of vendetta by focusing on the motivation of the authors of vendetta, looking at the incidence and the forms of the criminal behavior. In order to explain vendetta and its causes, both fear of punishment (belief) and social bonds (attachment, commitment and involvement) have been taken into account.

For this study, both primary and secondary sources were combined, such as expert interviews, archival documents and police data, in order to assess the cases of vendettas brought before the courts, judicial proceedings, and the final sentences handed down.

The findings show that the weaker the bonds of trust in institutions such as state institutions and the legal system, the more individuals will be involved in blood feuds. The more trust is placed in institutions the less likely it is that individuals will be involved in vendetta.

This research contributes to the literature dealing with institutional change and the study of crime rates in transitional democracies.


Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Korovilas, James Peter. "Migrant remittances from the ethnic Albanian diaspora : evidence from Albania and Kosovo." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570710.

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This thesis considers the recent waves of outward migration from Albania and Kosovo, and the establishment of 'remittance dependent' economies in these countries. Two key issues relating to this state of 'remittance dependency' are considered in this thesis: Firstly, whether the flow of remittances into these two economies can be sustained over time, despite the fact that immigration restrictions in the main countries of the diaspora prevent the arrival of new 'remittance active' migrants from Albania and Kosovo. On this issue the findings in this thesis support the view that informal migration is both practical and economically viable. Therefore, the lack of legal migration options does not present a significant obstacle to any future flow of migration into the diaspora, which is needed to maintain the stock of remittance active migrants in the diaspora. Secondly, whether the flow of remittances into these two economies has resulted in any 'distortions' of the domestic economy, and whether these 'distortions' have had the effect of perpetuating the condition of 'remittance dependency'. On this issue, the rise and subsequent collapse of Albania's pyramid investment schemes was shown to be linked to the receipt of migrant remittances, with the collapse of these schemes prompting further waves of migration and further flows of remittances. However, the main emphasis of this thesis is on the distorting effects of remittances on the economy of Kosovo, here the receipt of remittances is shown to have a 'Dutch disease' effect upon the domestic economy, restricting the development of the traded goods sector and therefore perpetuating the condition of 'remittance dependency'.
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Simaku, Xheni <1985&gt. "Bectascismo in Albania." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2762.

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Dalipaj, Gerda. ""The houses of transition" : post-communist transformations, migration and uncertainty in Albania." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3076.

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La thèse explore les spatialités et les temporalités des projets de maisons chez les Albanais pendant les transformations postcommunistes de longue durée, libellés localement comme « tranzicion ». Elle apporte une contribution au domaine des études postcommunistes en examinant comment les processus de la construction matérielle, sociale et affective des maisons et du chez-soi au micro-niveau, se sont liés aux processus qui ont lieu aux niveaux plus larges des sociétés. Les résultats sont basés sur un travail de terrain mené dans un quartier suburbain d'une ville d’Albanie centrale, et sur une ethnographie multi-située en retraçant les réseaux familiaux dans la ville albanaise, les villages d'origine respectifs, et dans une ville de destination migratoire : Athènes.La thèse essaye d'expliquer pourquoi les Albanais faisaient référence à leurs maisons construites pendant la période postcommuniste, comme « les maisons de la transition ». D'un côté, le projet de la maison est entrepris au nom de la réussite individuelle, du progrès et du développement. Les significations locales de ces trois facteurs viennent des attentes utopiques de la transformation postcommuniste et de l’expérience migratoire « réussie » vers les pays considérés comme des « paradis capitalistes ». D'autre part, ces constructions sont profondément motivées par des raisons intimes et par des idéaux de ce que la « shtëpi » (maison) devrait fournir: la stabilité, la sécurité, le confort, la confiance, la protection, l'ordre, la continuité et la mémoire, l’effort de s’ancrer, un sens de l’ensemble familial et de l'appartenance aux lieux
This thesis explores the spatialities and temporalities of home making projects of Albanians during the long-lasting post-communist transformations, locally denominated as 'tranzicion' (transition). The thesis contributes to the field of post-socialist /postcommunist studies by showing how the micro-level intimacies which construct a house and a home, are connected with and challenged by processes which take place at higher and wider levels of societies. The results are based on extensive fieldwork primarily concentrated in a newly inhabited suburban quarter of a town in central Albania. Additional data was drawn from a multi-sited ethnography tracing family networks in the Albanian town, the respective villages of origin, and one emigration destination, Athens. The thesis investigates the lived experience of home construction in post-communist Albania. It aims to explain why Albanians were referring to their houses built during post-communist period, as 'the houses of transition'. On the one hand the process of home-making is undertaken in the name of individual achievement, progress and development. The local meanings of the later derive from utopian expectations of postcommunist transformations and of individual ‘successful' emigration experiences towards countries seen as ‘capitalist paradises'. On the other hand, home-making processes are deeply motivated by intimate and ideal qualities of what a 'shtëpi' (house, home) should provide: stability, security, comfort, trust, protection, order, continuance and memory, root and anchor, a sense of family togetherness and belonging
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Piaia, Claudia Ines. "From Albania to Brazil." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90203.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2007
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T07:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 266111.pdf: 911797 bytes, checksum: 372be07ef86ea2e8152f8425bf273ac8 (MD5)
The aim of the present study is to analyse how issues of Albanian national identity are portrayed in Ismail Kadaré's novel Broken April (Prilli i Thyer), and how such features have been appropriated and translated onto the screen into a Northeastern Brazilian context. I depart from the premise that, even though Brazilian elements are indeed shown in the film, the non existence of the Kanun in Brazil, and the use of narrative techniques different from the ones employed in the novel render the story of the blood feuds in the film more universal than the genuinely Albanian reality depicted in the novel. In sum, the appropriation transcends the Albanian reality into a universal context, showing, at the same time, elements which are typical of the Brazilian culture.
O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar como questões sobre a identidade nacional Albanesa são retratadas no romance Abril Despedaçado (Prilli i Thyer), de Ismail Kadaré, e como tais questões foram apropriadas e traduzidas para a tela num contexto Nordestino-Brasileiro. O estudo parte do princípio que, embora elementos tipicamente Brasileiros sejam mostrados no filme, a não existência do Kanun no Brasil, e o uso de técnicas narrativas diferentes das empregadas no romance ajudam a deixar a história das brigas de família no filme com um aspecto mais universal do que a realidade genuinamente Albanesa representada na romance. Em suma, a apropriação transcende a realidade Albanesa para um contexto mais universal, sem deixar de mostrar também elementos típicos da cultura Brasileira.
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Rexha, Blerina. "Unification with Albania - The Next Stop for Kosovo?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14893.

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Very few studies have been conducted on the topic of unification between Kosovo and Albania. This is an important issue in the Balkans as such unification could spark yet another conflict, which Kosovo and Albania’s neighbours believe is imminent. The formation of a ‘Greater Albania’ between Kosovo and Albania not only poses a threat to Serbia, but it could also potentially threaten Kosovo’s future within the European Union. Whilst Kosovo’s declaration of independence has been a major positive step for the Albanian majority of the nation, it has nevertheless resurfaced some of the deep-rooted historical issues which have been prevalent in the territory of centuries. A survey conducted by the Gallup institute in 2010 showed that 64% of inhabitant in Albania and 81% of Kosovo Albanians support a union of the two countries. The survey results however, contradict the official governments of both Kosovo and Albania, who do not openly support unification and unification is not a goal on their official political agendas. This thesis considers the available discourse on the issue of unification between Albanian and Kosovo and discusses the degree to which there is support for a ‘Greater Albania’ amongst Kosovo Albanians. The unification issue is a highly politically controversial concept both internally within Kosovo and outside it, which scholars only recently beginning to take the issue more seriously. Whether or not there is a strong desire by the Kosovo Albanians to merge their newly independent country with the Albanian state would not only have a profound effect on the minorities currently living in Kosovo, but the entire Balkans and Europe. This study aims to shed light on the potential for the emergence of a united Albania in order to learn whether there will be a repeat of the turbulent history that the Balkans has witnessed.
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Arapi, Lindita. "Wie Albanien albanisch wurde : Rekonstruktion eines Albanienbildes /." Marburg : Tectum, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2697381&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Kola, Paulin. "Albania, its isolation and the Albanian national question : with particular emphasis on Kosova: 1941-1992." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392080.

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Bria, Gianfranco. "Les réseaux Soufi entre demande de sainteté et recherche de valeurs dans l'Albanie contemporaine." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0023/document.

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Le but de ce travail est d'analyser le processus de renaissance du culte religieux soufi dans la période postsocialiste dans l’Albanie contemporaine. Particulièrement, je propose de comprendre : l'influence de l'idéologie communiste et de la sécularisation sur les croyances, les comportements, les connaissances et les institutions religieuses; les différences sociales et territoriales du phénomène; le processus de reconstruction de l'autorité charismatique soufi dans la période postsocialiste
The aim of this work is to analyze the post-socialist rebirth process of Sufi worship in contemporary Albania. Particularly, I propose to understand: the influence of communist ideology and secularization toward beliefs, religious behavior and doctrinal knowledge; the social and territorial differences of Sufi phenomenon; the rebuilding process of Sufi charismatic authority in the post-socialist period
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Books on the topic "Albania"

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Pettifer, James. Albania. London: Black, 1994.

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Maloku, Halim. Albania. [Albania]: Shtëpia Botuese "DDS", 2010.

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Bartholomew, ed. Albania. Edinburgh: Bartholomew, 1996.

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Bland, William B. Albania. Oxford, England: Clio Press, 1988.

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Neza, Agim. Albania. [Albania]: "Albin" Pub. House, 1997.

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Wright, David K. Albania. New York: Children's Press, 1997.

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Pettifer, James. Albania. 2nd ed. London: A. and C. Black, 1996.

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Lear, Aaron E. Albania. [Edgemont, Pa.]: Chelsea House, 1987.

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Lear, Aaron. Albania. Philadelphia, Pa: Chelsea House Publishers, 2000.

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Lear, Aaron. Albania. Philadelphia, Pa: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Albania"

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Vlček, Tomáš, and Martin Jirušek. "Albania." In Russian Oil Enterprises in Europe, 53–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19839-8_4.

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Taylor, Ann C. M. "Albania." In International Handbook of Universities, 3. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12912-6_2.

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Bricault, Giselle, Pauline Murphy, Jennifer Murphy, and Janine Daniel. "Albania." In Major Business Organizations of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States 1992/93, 1–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2232-0_1.

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Eberhard, F. "Albania." In International Handbook of Universities, 4–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09323-6_2.

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Turner, Barry. "Albania." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 84–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_111.

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Turner, Barry. "Albania." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 83–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_111.

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Mandia, I. "Albania." In World Directory of Crystallographers, 1. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3697-8_1.

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Mandia, I. "Albania." In World Directory of Crystallographers, 1. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3699-2_1.

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Tiess, Günter. "Albania." In Legal Basics of Mineral Policy in Europe, 14–23. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89003-5_2.

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Heck, André. "Albania." In StarGuides 2001, 3. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4349-3_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Albania"

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MUHAMUÇI, Eneida. "Affordable Housing in Albania: Challenges and Effective Strategies." In ISSUES OF HOUSING, PLANNING, AND RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY Towards Euro-Mediterranean Perspectives. POLIS PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000101.

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Affordable housing stands as a pressing global issue, influenced by political, climatic, and econom- ic shifts. This challenge is acutely felt in developing nations, and Albania, undergoing a protracted transition since 1991, is no exception. Previously, housing in Albania was government-provided, owned solely by the state. However, owning a house has become a cherished aspiration for Alba- nians, highlighting the critical shift in housing dynamics. Albania’s housing landscape has witnessed an alarming trend – the escalating cost of housing to the point where it becomes a near-impossible dream for many. As of 2023, Albania ranks third in Europe for having the most expensive apartment prices relative to income, as reported by Number, a leading global data source. This mounting housing affordability crisis isn’t isolated; it catalyses a cascade of societal, eco- nomic, and political issues in Albania. Official statistics from Instat reveal a significant decline in Albania’s population, primarily driven by the steady emigration of young people over the past five years. Simultaneously, informal construction has emerged as a means for some Albanians to secure shelter, although it comes at a significant cost to urban environments and the nation as a whole.This research paper seeks to delve into effective and beneficial policies tailored to Al- bania’s unique context, with a particular focus on Tirana, its capital. Through an in-depth case study, we scrutinize the impact and applicability of key policies. These include minimizing fees for lower-priced housing, streamlining development approval and permitting processes, identifying suitable parcels for affordable and accessible development, remediating brownfields, providing targeted tax and fee discounts, addressing neighborhood concerns, enhancing building design and resource efficiency, improving affordable transportation options, discouraging rental restric- tions, and implementing maintenance and rehabilitation programs for affordable housing. The research findings illuminate the effectiveness of these policies within the Tirana context, offer- ing insights into their potential to alleviate the housing affordability crisis.
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Llaci, Shyqyri, and Blanka Xhani. "Eco-Innovation in the Accommodation Sector in Albania." In Ninth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research, 69–78. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2023.69.

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Limited research examines eco-innovation in developing na­tions, especially when it comes to a country like Albania. Therefore, in or­der to close this gap, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the barriers and driver factors to eco-innovation in the accommodation sector in Albania. It was conducting a qualitative-method approach, with a multiple-case study of six big hotels in Albania. The authors for data collection in this study used an in-depth interview with the managers, and the main research ques­tion was “What are the drivers’ factors and barriers of eco-innovation in the accommodation sector in Albania? The interview includes both closed- and open-ended questions: the interview begins with closed-ended questions, which were used to give an overall orientation to the respondents, and after open-ended questions to offer them an opportunity to elaborate on their re­sponse and to see things from their perspective of view. Despite the eco-innovation advantages, the Albanian hospitality industry has not yet adopted them widely due to several internal and external barri­ers. The internal barriers are identified as lack of awareness and education for the potential benefits of eco-innovation, cost constraints because imple­menting eco-friendly practices and technologies often requires an initial in­vestment that some businesses may find challenging, limited technical ex­pertise as hotels may need the technical expertise to implement eco-inno­vations effectively. Regulatory challenges in Albania as a candidate country for the European Union can be seen as an external barrier because the legal system exists, but the executive system doesn’t work properly in the actions of environ­mental laws. But also, it can be seen as an incentive to shorten the time of adaptation of environmental laws because the influence of EU regulations might result in strengthened environmental protection measures in Alba­nia. This could include improvements in waste management, energy effi­ciency, and other eco-friendly practices. Another external barrier is infra­structure limitations, and access to financing as many accommodation pro­viders, especially smaller ones, may struggle to secure financing for eco-in­novation projects. Access to loans or grants for sustainable initiatives can be limited or the a lack of incentives from the Albanian government to be green, such as fiscal incentives for companies that have a higher approach to eco-innovation. As a result, by highlighting the impact of eco-innovation practices on the re­lationship between the drivers of eco-innovation and the performance of hospitality companies, this research contributes to the repository of knowl­edge related to hospitality management and eco-innovation. Additionally, the authors have identified the main barriers to greater adoption of eco-in­novation techniques in products and processes and addressed the primary concerns with the relevant stakeholders.
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Dragusha, Blerta, and Jasmina Lugji. "Corporate Social Responsibility in the Albanian Banking System." In 8th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2022.101.

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Corporate social responsibility is a new concept in Eastern Eu­rope and particularly in Albania. Albania came out of the communist re­gime without any kind of heritage or experience in the field of conception and later in that of applying social policies. But after the ’90-s, the opening of Albania to free trade brought dramatic changes. These changes had their essential influences and on the field of social policies. The paper will make a presentation of the actual level of corporate social responsibility undertaken by each bank operating in Albania. The authors have built some graphs according to the number of initiatives in achieving each of the targets for each Albanian bank by analyzing and addressing the following in more detail each bank. The paper will be closed with some con­clusions and recommendations.
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Hana, Suela. "ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATION POLICIES FOR VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING, THE NECESSITY OF THEIR MULTIDISCIPLINARY EVALUATION." In 5th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2021 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2021.413.

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Extensive developments and changes in the economic, political, social, cultural and scientific fields have undoubtedly brought problems and disturbing phenomena in many parts of the world, such as the trafficking and exploitation of human beings. Every year many women, girls and children are illegally transported across the borders of their countries of origin, sold or bought, bringing to mind all the primitive ways of human slavery, seen in stark contrast to the galloping development that society has taken today, as well as aspirations for a worldwide civilization and citizenship. Regarding Albania, the beginning of trafficking in human beings dates in 1995 (Annual Analysis of 2003 of the State Social Service, Tirana), where the country found itself in a situation of instability of political, economic, social and cultural changes, as well as in a transitional geographical position to was used by traffickers, mostly Albanians, as an “open door” for the recruitment, transportation and sale of women, girls and children from Moldova, Russia, Romania, Turkey, Albania, China, etc. Albania is identified as a source and transit country for trafficked women and children. In addition, many NGOs and international organizations report significant increase cases in the trafficking of human beings. In 1999, official sources reported that young women and girls had been lured or abducted from refugee camps in Albania during the Kosovo crisis and then sold for prostitution in Italy and the United Kingdom. Reports from Italy, Germany, Belgium and the UK suggest that Albanian women and girls, which are trafficked for prostitution mostly are from rural areas (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Review Conference, September 1999). It is almost common to talk about the phenomenon of trafficking in human beings, about the motivating and attractive factors, the consequences associated with this phenomenon of Albanian society. Given the extent of the trafficking phenomenon during the last 30 years transition period in Albania, the Government has made different legislative and institutional efforts, through a strategic approach to combat and mitigate this phenomenon. However, the elements of identification, protection, reintegration and long-term rehabilitation for victims of trafficking remain issues of concern and still not properly addressed, in the context of the institutional fight against trafficking in persons, which should have as its primary goal the protection of the human rights for victims of trafficking and not their further violation or re-victimization (Annual Report of the European Commission, 2007).
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Shkurti (Perri), Rezarta. "Cloud Computing in Accounting and Digital Financial Reporting in Albania." In 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.199.

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Recent technological changes have had a great impact on the accounting and financial environment all over the world. Albania has also been affected by these changes and developments such as the widespread use of interactive accounting information packages, financial web report­ing, and cloud computing. This paper tries to analyze the current situation of accounting and financial reporting in Albania and the impact that web reporting and cloud computing have had on the simplification of account­ing procedures. Several tools such as online reporting and Extensive Busi­ness Reporting language are presented and their impact on the use of the accounting systems and other financial reporting instruments in Albania is explained. This paper finds that cloud computing has been used extensively by the private companies offering accounting information systems in Alba­nia whereas Extensive Business Reporting language and the IFRS Taxonomy have not attained great recognition in Albania.
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Nasto, Kostandin, and Junada Sulillari. "Cryptocurrency: Is it becoming a reality for Albania?" In Corporate governance: Fundamental and challenging issues in scholarly research. Virtus Interpress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgfcisrp16.

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The aim of this study is to realize an analysis of cryptocurrencies in Albania. Cryptocurrencies have experienced tremendous changes in the last years, and have often been the subject of debates. Albania is one of the countries in which seems really difficult to have the opportunity of using cryptocurrencies as a payment tool, or as an investment alternative. Throughout this investigation, we will treat some of the main difficulties and challenges of the cryptocurrency market in Albania. As the study reveals, it seems that it has not been easy for Albanian investors to use cryptocurrency as an investment alternative, or use cryptocurrency as a payment tool. Anyway, what we can emphasize is the fact that we can see some positive steps in this direction. Even though it seems a slow process, the removal of some legal restrictions related to cryptocurrencies reflects the “break” of the “walls” that were serving as a barrier for them in Albania. Only the future can show this, so the only thing that we can do is to wait for it
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Tola, Amalia. "HR Department: How Business Ownership and Activity Type Affect Its Existence in the Albanian Companies." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2021.67.

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Human Resources Management is an important function of organ­izational management. The way an organization uses its human resources for the development and implementation of its strategies can strongly affect its performance. Human Resources Management (HRM) in the context of a mar­ket economy is still a new concept in Albania. About thirty years after the transition from a centralized economy towards a free-market economy, the job relations in Albania are undergoing important changes; therefore, businesses should be able to successfully face the fast de­velopment of technology, globalization effects, and the need to have an effi­cient and effective labour force to fulfill, in the best way possible, the econom­ic objectives. The role of the HR department is crucial towards such achieve­ments; however, this role and its potential towards organization success is not fully appreciated by the Albanian private sector companies and often the HR department is not existent, or its role is vague. This paper uses literature review and quantitative research to analyse the role of the HR department as a key function of organizational management and to explore the extent of HR department presence in the big companies in Alba­nia, in the view of ownership and type of business activity.
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ALIAJ, Besnik, and Ledio ALLKJA. "Issues of the Territorial-Administrative Reform in Albania. A comparative analysis on the progress of reform with other former- ly-centralized economies: Estonia and Moldova, and the need for a more ample and innovative approach." In ISSUES OF HOUSING, PLANNING, AND RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TERRITORY Towards Euro-Mediterranean Perspectives. POLIS PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000121.

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Albania has gone through different reforms of decentralization and territorial administrative since the 1990s. Especially after 2013, these reforms have reshaped the layout of the local territorial administration in Albania. The outcomes of these reforms nevertheless remain questionable. Additionally, considering the EU integration process, the regionalization reform and the regional development reform are still in a critical juncture. This paper analyses the main events during the territorial administrative reform and the regionalization process in Albania. Its analysis tries to highlight the main issues and some recommendations for future action to deepen decentralization and improve local governance in Albania. This is done by comprehensive analysis of the reform based on research and contribution of POLIS University 1 and Co-PLAN Institute for Habitat Development 2 as key local stakeholders. In addition, the Albanian case (Western Balkan Countries) is compared to 2 other case studies of formerly centralized economies (Eastern-Europe) with relatively similar historic stability problematics, economic background, and country/population size, but with geographic location differences (South, North, East) and other differences, such as with regard European integration progress. This includes Estonia (Baltic Countries) and Moldova (Eastern Partnership Countries). Then the comparison is done via i) Local administrative reform; ii) Regionalization and regional development; iii) Analysis of the reform and its challenges; iv) and a matrix-based qualitative conclusion. Albanian case includes desk and field work, while Estonian and Moldavian cases are based on desk research.
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Buranaj Hoxha, Bez. "Principles for Managing Reserves and Resources in Albania via Petroleum Resources Management System." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210165-ms.

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Abstract Albania has an active but challenging drilling activity that demands the most innovative technology. Although new recent drilling activity, has discovered light crude oil, the predominant crude oil quality involves medium-heavy oil reservoirs mainly contained in the largest onshore European oilfield, Patos-Marinza. Even though it has high potential, Albania’s main reservoirs are practically under-developed. In the past decade, the Albanian institutions have increasingly encouraged and supported expanding drilling activity in an effort to stimulate investments in reservoir development/production and management. However, petroleum economics and appropriate management systems need to be further improved to assist in reserve ‘asset’ management. This requires, specifically, employing a collective reserves management system, Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS), which utilizes a framework and guidelines for resource competencies to evoke necessary asset management in reserves and resources. In this paper, a basic outlook is undertaken to evaluate Albania’s resources and oil/gas reserves in a preliminary assessment to classify the reserves under the PRMS guidelines. The main idea will show how a small country with great potential, can exploit its vast resources, and ultimately capitalize on a structured systematic approach by essentially arranging a management system that is customizable and suitable as per its situation to ultimately leverage financial gains. Additionally, an analogous resources management system that is used for characterizing and identifying possible storage areas for CO2 (carbon sequestration) will also be briefly introduced that is based on the CO2 Storage Resource Management System (CO2-SRMS). Which, herein, will spotlight possible suitable areas of carbon storage in Albania. These types of management systems are crucial in decision making, offering considerably ‘better judgments’ in managing and developing resources by ranking the most suitable investment opportunities.
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Tërova (Pendavinji), Iva. "Beyond Adjudication: European Court of Human Rights Pilot Judgment’s Role in Shaping Albanian Legislation." In Ninth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research, 457–66. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2023.457.

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Attempting to address systemic violations of human rights on the domestic level, pilot judgments impose an obligation on States to take re­medial measures to prevent vast numbers of repetitive applications or clone cases before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR or the Court). Ac­cordingly, they serve as catalysts by fostering transformative changes with­in a state’s legal framework and aligning domestic law with the European Convention of Human Rights standards. The paper aims to analyze the procedure and features of pilot judgments, enshrined in Rule 61 of Rules of Court. Delving on ECtHR case law, it gives a brief overview of the pilot judgment procedure adopted for Albania’s struc­tural dysfunction of non-compensation for properties nationalized during the communist regime in Manushaqe Puto and others v. Albania. Further­more, the effectiveness of remedies undertaken by the Albanian authorities is assessed. The paper concludes by emphasizing the proactive role played by the EC­tHR in shaping Albania’s legislation and hence advancing the protection of property rights.
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Reports on the topic "Albania"

1

Hilaj, Arjan. The Albanian National Question and the Myth of Greater Albania. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589332.

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Abdellatif, Omar S., and Ali Behbehani. Albania COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/alb0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Courné, Étienne. The Fortress of Sarda-Shurdhah, Northern Albania: Documenting Submerged Cultural Heritage in a Dam Context. Honor Frost Foundation, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33583/mags2021.08.

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Throughout the 20th century, numerous dams were built to take advantage of lakes and rivers for energy production. In Albania, the development of the hydroelectric industry led to profound changes in the physical environment. While the impact on landscapes is clearly visible, the effect on cultural heritage is less well understood. To that end, the current research program of the archaeological mission in northern Albania’s Lower Drin Valley aims to document and develop a methodology adapted to this specific context. The case study is the city of Sardë-Shurdhah, located in the Vau i Dejës reservoir.
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Herbert, Siân. Social Norms, Gender, and Serious and Organised Crime in Albania and Kosovo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.018.

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This rapid literature review explores the evidence about social norms, gender, and serious and organised crime (SOC) in Albania and Kosovo. There is limited literature that explores this exact question, as historically, gender has rarely been associated with organised crime (Amerhauser, 2020), therefore beyond a few focussed texts, this query also brings together findings from related literatures on: gender and organised crime (more generally); gender norms in Albania and Kosovo; and organised crime in Albania, Kosovo, and in the broader region of the Western Balkans. This paper is not comprehensive of all of the issues related to this question, but is illustrative of the most commonly discussed issues.
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Griffard, Bernard F., William R. Applegate, and Patrick O. Carpenter. Albania - Observations on a Changing Nation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada484326.

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Aliaj, S., J. Adams, S. Halchuk, E. Sulstarova, V. Peci, and B. Muco. Probabilistic seismic hazard maps for Albania. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/226354.

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Zickel, Raymond, Walter R. Iwaskiw, Amy Knight, Karl W. Soper, and Charles Sudetic. Area Handbook Series. Albania: A Country Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada279647.

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enelaj, Engjellushe. Index Crossref, Integrity, Professional And Institutional Development by Engjellushe Zenelaj. Engjellushe Zenelaj, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13003/jjhal3nl.

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Rikhlova, Tatiana. Political administrative map of the Republic of Albania. Edited by Nikolay Komedchikov and Aleksandr Khropov. Entsiklopediya, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2015-12-14-4.

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Spahiu, Nexhmedin. Kosova and Albania in the Future : Closer or Further Apart from Each Other? Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2021.71.

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This is a study that addresses Kosovar and Albanian identity relationships, highlighting the similarities and differences of these two communities throughout their historical journey on their respective lands. The study identifies the key historical moments that have influenced Kosovar national identity branding and concludes that the occurrence of cultural and political differences within the Albanian ethnicity since the nineteenth century has been instigated by the Serbian stance regarding Kosova. The study substantiates a clear cultural and political identity of Kosova, indicating its forthcoming solidification whilst keeping Kosovar and Albanian differences distinct, despite the eventual change in Belgrade’s stance towards Kosova. Concerns are arising from some of the voices in European diplomacy that favour Tirana’s official involvement in the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue. An analysis of the progression of their historical path, however, indicates the opposite, i.e., Tirana’s involvement in the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue would only benefit Belgrade and consequently have a negative impact on the compromises between Kosova and Serbia that the US and the European Union aim for.
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