Dissertations / Theses: 'Albania'

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Pritchard, Eleanor Mary. "Albanian law and nation-building in northern Albania and Kosovo." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:10190994-b043-46f4-8f6f-306c85570877.

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My thesis explores the roles in Albanian nation-building of the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin, an early-twentieth century codification of northern-Albanian customary practices, and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve, a late-twentieth century movement to conciliate blood feuds in Kosovo. To understand them, we need to know: what both were, in their own terms; their significance; and how they relate to other aspects of nation-building, and comparative examples. I draw on participant-observation fieldwork, archive work and extensive interviews. Nation-building is necessarily complicated and the Albanian case particularly so. The existence of an Albanian nation was contested by neighbouring peoples, and its characteristics, by Albanians themselves. In this complex context, the text of the Kanun, and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve, give us good insights into Albanian understandings of the nation, and associated nation-building activities, at pivotal points in national history. While the nation-building projects of the region had many elements in common, prominent ideas of a ‘national’ legal tradition are a distinctive aspect of the Albanian case. Both the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjin and the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve need to be understood as aspects of nation-building. In the context of a crumbling Ottoman Empire, by presenting Albanian customary practices in the form of a legal code, the Albanian codifier made claims about the contents and the people from whom they came. The Kanun demonstrated the existence of a distinct people with a tradition of self-governance and mediation; and made significant contributions to the crucial process of language standardisation. In the context of the 1990s break-up of Yugoslavia, ideas of an Albanian legal tradition re-emerged in Kosovo, in the Pajtimi i Gjaqeve which presented intra-Albanian disputes as national concerns, and drew on traditional values and customary practices to effect conciliations. Subsequently, the Movement itself has become a national resource, through reference to which important ideas about the nation are expressed.

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Vodo, Teuta. "Explaining the increasing rates of blood feuds in post-communist Albania." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209149.

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Since the regime collapse in 1991, Albania has been going through a democratization process. In contrast to government attempts to introduce a democratic system according to a western model, blood feuds based on Albanian customary law increased drastically and individuals began to seek their own justice by ignoring state and judicial institutions. The incidence of blood feuds increased exceptionally, not only compared with the situation under the communist regime but the crime rate in general. As a result, the Albanian state has appeared not only as weak and fragile but weaker in comparison with the previous communist regime.

Although a great deal of research on vendetta is carried out either in the fields of anthropology or sociology of law, this topic has not been studied by political scientists. As a consequence, studies of vendetta in relation to institutional weaknesses are missing. Thus, one of the contributions of this study will be to fill this gap in the literature by explaining the role of state institutions in the continuation and increase in blood feuds.

The Albanian case was chosen as a subject for study as it represents a country which following a harsh communist regime has made attempts at democratization with the aim of joining the European Union, and at the same time is characterized by the strong presence of customary law claiming revenge in cases of homicide, despite interventions by the judicial authorities.

Therefore, the aim of this study is to explain the reasons for the increase in blood feuds in Albania from 1991 to 2010 by identifying the structure and agency factors impacting the motivation of individuals to commit murders in the name of vendetta.

I will make use of historical institutionalism to identify the increasing returns of vendetta and explore the different factors and processes that trigger and underlie the institutional development of Albanian vendetta over time. Historical institutionalism is an approach to the analysis of the evolution of institutions and their outcomes in terms of formal and informal rules that shape the behavior of actors. Hence, understanding the causation and restraining factors in determining the high rates of blood feuds is indispensable. However, because of the lack of attention that historical institutionalism pays to the structure-agency dichotomy, the tools of criminology and more specifically, elements of ‘social control theory’ are required in this study. This theory enables/permits the study of vendetta by focusing on the motivation of the authors of vendetta, looking at the incidence and the forms of the criminal behavior. In order to explain vendetta and its causes, both fear of punishment (belief) and social bonds (attachment, commitment and involvement) have been taken into account.

For this study, both primary and secondary sources were combined, such as expert interviews, archival documents and police data, in order to assess the cases of vendettas brought before the courts, judicial proceedings, and the final sentences handed down.

The findings show that the weaker the bonds of trust in institutions such as state institutions and the legal system, the more individuals will be involved in blood feuds. The more trust is placed in institutions the less likely it is that individuals will be involved in vendetta.

This research contributes to the literature dealing with institutional change and the study of crime rates in transitional democracies.

Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Korovilas, James Peter. "Migrant remittances from the ethnic Albanian diaspora : evidence from Albania and Kosovo." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570710.

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This thesis considers the recent waves of outward migration from Albania and Kosovo, and the establishment of 'remittance dependent' economies in these countries. Two key issues relating to this state of 'remittance dependency' are considered in this thesis: Firstly, whether the flow of remittances into these two economies can be sustained over time, despite the fact that immigration restrictions in the main countries of the diaspora prevent the arrival of new 'remittance active' migrants from Albania and Kosovo. On this issue the findings in this thesis support the view that informal migration is both practical and economically viable. Therefore, the lack of legal migration options does not present a significant obstacle to any future flow of migration into the diaspora, which is needed to maintain the stock of remittance active migrants in the diaspora. Secondly, whether the flow of remittances into these two economies has resulted in any 'distortions' of the domestic economy, and whether these 'distortions' have had the effect of perpetuating the condition of 'remittance dependency'. On this issue, the rise and subsequent collapse of Albania's pyramid investment schemes was shown to be linked to the receipt of migrant remittances, with the collapse of these schemes prompting further waves of migration and further flows of remittances. However, the main emphasis of this thesis is on the distorting effects of remittances on the economy of Kosovo, here the receipt of remittances is shown to have a 'Dutch disease' effect upon the domestic economy, restricting the development of the traded goods sector and therefore perpetuating the condition of 'remittance dependency'.

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Simaku, Xheni <1985&gt. "Bectascismo in Albania." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2762.

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Dalipaj, Gerda. ""The houses of transition" : post-communist transformations, migration and uncertainty in Albania." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3076.

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La thèse explore les spatialités et les temporalités des projets de maisons chez les Albanais pendant les transformations postcommunistes de longue durée, libellés localement comme « tranzicion ». Elle apporte une contribution au domaine des études postcommunistes en examinant comment les processus de la construction matérielle, sociale et affective des maisons et du chez-soi au micro-niveau, se sont liés aux processus qui ont lieu aux niveaux plus larges des sociétés. Les résultats sont basés sur un travail de terrain mené dans un quartier suburbain d'une ville d’Albanie centrale, et sur une ethnographie multi-située en retraçant les réseaux familiaux dans la ville albanaise, les villages d'origine respectifs, et dans une ville de destination migratoire : Athènes.La thèse essaye d'expliquer pourquoi les Albanais faisaient référence à leurs maisons construites pendant la période postcommuniste, comme « les maisons de la transition ». D'un côté, le projet de la maison est entrepris au nom de la réussite individuelle, du progrès et du développement. Les significations locales de ces trois facteurs viennent des attentes utopiques de la transformation postcommuniste et de l’expérience migratoire « réussie » vers les pays considérés comme des « paradis capitalistes ». D'autre part, ces constructions sont profondément motivées par des raisons intimes et par des idéaux de ce que la « shtëpi » (maison) devrait fournir: la stabilité, la sécurité, le confort, la confiance, la protection, l'ordre, la continuité et la mémoire, l’effort de s’ancrer, un sens de l’ensemble familial et de l'appartenance aux lieux
This thesis explores the spatialities and temporalities of home making projects of Albanians during the long-lasting post-communist transformations, locally denominated as 'tranzicion' (transition). The thesis contributes to the field of post-socialist /postcommunist studies by showing how the micro-level intimacies which construct a house and a home, are connected with and challenged by processes which take place at higher and wider levels of societies. The results are based on extensive fieldwork primarily concentrated in a newly inhabited suburban quarter of a town in central Albania. Additional data was drawn from a multi-sited ethnography tracing family networks in the Albanian town, the respective villages of origin, and one emigration destination, Athens. The thesis investigates the lived experience of home construction in post-communist Albania. It aims to explain why Albanians were referring to their houses built during post-communist period, as 'the houses of transition'. On the one hand the process of home-making is undertaken in the name of individual achievement, progress and development. The local meanings of the later derive from utopian expectations of postcommunist transformations and of individual ‘successful' emigration experiences towards countries seen as ‘capitalist paradises'. On the other hand, home-making processes are deeply motivated by intimate and ideal qualities of what a 'shtëpi' (house, home) should provide: stability, security, comfort, trust, protection, order, continuance and memory, root and anchor, a sense of family togetherness and belonging

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Piaia, Claudia Ines. "From Albania to Brazil." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90203.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2007
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T07:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 266111.pdf: 911797 bytes, checksum: 372be07ef86ea2e8152f8425bf273ac8 (MD5)
The aim of the present study is to analyse how issues of Albanian national identity are portrayed in Ismail Kadaré's novel Broken April (Prilli i Thyer), and how such features have been appropriated and translated onto the screen into a Northeastern Brazilian context. I depart from the premise that, even though Brazilian elements are indeed shown in the film, the non existence of the Kanun in Brazil, and the use of narrative techniques different from the ones employed in the novel render the story of the blood feuds in the film more universal than the genuinely Albanian reality depicted in the novel. In sum, the appropriation transcends the Albanian reality into a universal context, showing, at the same time, elements which are typical of the Brazilian culture.
O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar como questões sobre a identidade nacional Albanesa são retratadas no romance Abril Despedaçado (Prilli i Thyer), de Ismail Kadaré, e como tais questões foram apropriadas e traduzidas para a tela num contexto Nordestino-Brasileiro. O estudo parte do princípio que, embora elementos tipicamente Brasileiros sejam mostrados no filme, a não existência do Kanun no Brasil, e o uso de técnicas narrativas diferentes das empregadas no romance ajudam a deixar a história das brigas de família no filme com um aspecto mais universal do que a realidade genuinamente Albanesa representada na romance. Em suma, a apropriação transcende a realidade Albanesa para um contexto mais universal, sem deixar de mostrar também elementos típicos da cultura Brasileira.

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Rexha, Blerina. "Unification with Albania - The Next Stop for Kosovo?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14893.

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Very few studies have been conducted on the topic of unification between Kosovo and Albania. This is an important issue in the Balkans as such unification could spark yet another conflict, which Kosovo and Albania’s neighbours believe is imminent. The formation of a ‘Greater Albania’ between Kosovo and Albania not only poses a threat to Serbia, but it could also potentially threaten Kosovo’s future within the European Union. Whilst Kosovo’s declaration of independence has been a major positive step for the Albanian majority of the nation, it has nevertheless resurfaced some of the deep-rooted historical issues which have been prevalent in the territory of centuries. A survey conducted by the Gallup institute in 2010 showed that 64% of inhabitant in Albania and 81% of Kosovo Albanians support a union of the two countries. The survey results however, contradict the official governments of both Kosovo and Albania, who do not openly support unification and unification is not a goal on their official political agendas. This thesis considers the available discourse on the issue of unification between Albanian and Kosovo and discusses the degree to which there is support for a ‘Greater Albania’ amongst Kosovo Albanians. The unification issue is a highly politically controversial concept both internally within Kosovo and outside it, which scholars only recently beginning to take the issue more seriously. Whether or not there is a strong desire by the Kosovo Albanians to merge their newly independent country with the Albanian state would not only have a profound effect on the minorities currently living in Kosovo, but the entire Balkans and Europe. This study aims to shed light on the potential for the emergence of a united Albania in order to learn whether there will be a repeat of the turbulent history that the Balkans has witnessed.

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Arapi, Lindita. "Wie Albanien albanisch wurde : Rekonstruktion eines Albanienbildes /." Marburg : Tectum, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2697381&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Kola, Paulin. "Albania, its isolation and the Albanian national question : with particular emphasis on Kosova: 1941-1992." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392080.

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Bria, Gianfranco. "Les réseaux Soufi entre demande de sainteté et recherche de valeurs dans l'Albanie contemporaine." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0023/document.

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Le but de ce travail est d'analyser le processus de renaissance du culte religieux soufi dans la période postsocialiste dans l’Albanie contemporaine. Particulièrement, je propose de comprendre : l'influence de l'idéologie communiste et de la sécularisation sur les croyances, les comportements, les connaissances et les institutions religieuses; les différences sociales et territoriales du phénomène; le processus de reconstruction de l'autorité charismatique soufi dans la période postsocialiste
The aim of this work is to analyze the post-socialist rebirth process of Sufi worship in contemporary Albania. Particularly, I propose to understand: the influence of communist ideology and secularization toward beliefs, religious behavior and doctrinal knowledge; the social and territorial differences of Sufi phenomenon; the rebuilding process of Sufi charismatic authority in the post-socialist period

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Gjonca, Arjan. "Mortality transition in Albania, 1950-1990." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2870/.

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Albania was noteworthy, not just for the isolationist policy of its government, or its domestic rigid policies applied to Europe's poorest country, but because of its high life expectancy at birth. At the end of the eighties, life expectancy at birth passed the boundary of seventy, although the country's GDP per capita was $2500 in 1990, the lowest in Europe (Madison 1995).This puzzled scholars, who either doubted the success of Albania, or because of the lack of firm information, speculated with different explanations (Watson, 1995). This research was initiated by this controversy in trying to first, estimate the scale of Albania's success in improving life expectancy and document the mortality transition in Albania during the period 1950-1990. It also looks at the social, economic and political factors behind the success of improving life expectancy at birth from 51 to 71 years in a relatively short period of 40 years. The research attempts to explain why the Albanian pattern of mortality, with very high infant and child mortality and very low adult mortality, is so different from that of other East European countries, which had the same social and economic backgrounds. The analysis concludes that the life style factors are the most likely factors in explaining the controversial mortality pattern of Albania. The research uses a new set of complete data, obtained from formerly-closed Albanian State Archives, which were made available only after 1994. It is the first time that the cause specific data are used to analyse the mortality transition in Albania. The research starts with a description of country's cultural and historical background. It continues with the political, social and economic transition during the communist rule 1945-1990, which are of particular importance in understanding the demographic regime in general, and the mortality transition in particular (Caldwell, 1986). The research continues with a detailed analysis of the availability and quality of mortality data. The analysis of mortality trends and patterns during this period confirms the success of Albania in achieving high life expectancy at birth by the end of eighties. It also shows that this was achieved by very low adult mortality, and relatively high infant and child mortality. The later analysis shows that this finding is related to the cause specific pattern of mortality, as well as regional differences within the country. The research ends with an international comparison of mortality trends and patterns in Albania, in the context of whether the Albanian success was part of the experience of countries that had "a good health at low cost" (Caldwell, 1986), or if the Albanian way is another route to low mortality.

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Barbullushi, Roland. "Tertiary Thrust Belt Evolution Of Southern Albania." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486276.

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The southern Albania thrust belt comprises Mesozoic - Eocene carbonate sequences incorporated into three major Tertiary thrust sheets verging towards the Apulia foreland in the southwest. The problem of the structural evolution has been previously approached through a hypothesis of orthogonal thin-skinned thrusting controlled by a differential areal extent ofPermo-Triassic evaporites. This thesis uses the interpretation of several seismic profiles to address questions such as those relating to the subsurface geometric patterns ofthe thrust sheets, the kinematic framework the evaporites operated in, the role ofthe pre-existing faults and the timing ofthe evolution. The interpretation demonstrates that significant along - strike changes characterize the subsurface geometry of the thrust sheets. The Permo-Triassic evaporites facilitated their buttressing against a buffer zope in the Apulian foreland primarily within an orthogonal compression regime. Regional clockwise rotation about a pivot point to the north may have provided a transpressional component along the thrusts. Pre-existing normal faults played a significant role on thrusting and accomodation of the strain partitioning. The main structural events included thin-skinned thrusting during Oligocene - Aquitaniane, formation of a buffer zone in the forelarni during Burdigalian and subsequent thrust - buttressing during the Miocene. Post - Pliocene deformation occurs in the foredeep basin.

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Lita, Zana. "Teacher education in Albania : past - present - future." Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403878.

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Gjoci, Nina Nazmije. "Remaking Albania: Public Memory of Communist Past." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1525868882263365.

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Gjata, Enkeleida. "Investment analysis for "Tomorri Ltd.", Berat, Albania." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020540/.

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Fondi, Francesca. "Higher education in Albania: access and financing." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2014. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/153/1/Fondi_phdthesis.pdf.

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The policy debate on higher education in the Western Balkans, and specifically in Albania, has received scarce attention as object of study in the last decades. Nonetheless, the efforts to rebuild the higher education systems after the Communist period are still facing several challenges, especially considering that in a country like Albania the socio-economic environment has been stable only since the years 2000. Through a social science approach, drawing on sociological theories of massification and democratisation of higher education, as well as on different financing theories and models, the present study provides an analysis of past and current policies of higher education in Albania, including ongoing reforms to redesign the sector. Through a specific focus on access and financing of higher education, this work aims at assessing to what extent these policies respond to principles of equity and equality of opportunities. Based on field experience and studies, as well as analysis of primary and secondary sources, the research provides an original insight into the Albanian policy-making process, showing that, despite embracing most of those principles on paper, current and proposed reforms still lack the necessary implementing power, in a competition between global internationalisation forces and internal struggles to overcome the country’s heavy historical legacies. Conclusions are accompanied by policy recommendations, aimed at informing the policy debate and providing suggestions for the implementation of more equitable access and financing models.

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Abus, Eren Deniz. "3D Structural and Geophysical Investigation of the Vlore-Elbasan Tectonic Lineament in the Albanide Orogenic Belt, Albania." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1432140759.

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Murzaku, Ines Angjeli. "The activity and the role of the Jesuits in the Albanian history and culture (1841-1946)." Roma : Pontificium Institutum Orientale, Facultas Scientiarum Ecclesiasticarum Orientalium, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37882966.html.

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Tripodi, Christian William Gyre. "Britain and Italian colonial expansion 1925-1929." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272221.

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Ose, Heidi Theresa. "Optimal use of the hydro resources in Albania." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9961.

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This Master thesis analyzes the optimal use of the hydro resources in Albania. Albania is a country totally dependent on hydro power. More than 90% of the electricity today comes from hydro power, mainly from the Drin river system. There are three hydro power plants located in the Drin river system: Fierze (500 MW), Koman (600 MW) and Vau Dejes (250 MW). Only one third of Albanias hydro power potential is today exploited, and Albania is a net importer of energy. The main objective with this study is to analyze the utilization of the hydro resources in Albania and look at potential improvements in the short term (next years) and the long term (after Albania joins the regional market). Two scenarios were worked out. The first scenario focuses on the present market situation in Albania. Investigations are done through simulations with the EOPS model. The results were analyzed and compared with historical data to discover potential upgrades of the utilization of water in Fierze, Koman and Vau Dejes. In the simulations the production in Drin river system is increased with 1.3 TWh in an average year. Fierze power plant has the highest potential with 25% more production in the simulation than what is shown through historical data. Under the process towards a liberalized market, the optimizing problem regarding the production planning will change. Today the main task is cost minimization given an expected demand. In a free market it will be profit maximizing given a price expectation. A second scenario dealing with the potential market situation in Albania in 2020 was worked out. In addition to the new market situation four new power plants were included in the EOPS model. With new plants in the Drin and a functioning market it is possible to achieve 1 TWh more production during an average year compared with the simulation for the present market situation in Albania. If the implementation of the market, new power plants and transmission lines are accomplished, the supply situation in Albania will improve substantially through more secure power delivery. However a participation in a regional market forces the production company to plan each day like the participants in the Nordic market, both in the long and short the term, to be able to exploit the technical and financial opportunities and develop their country.

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Ardolic, Mimoza. "Greater Albania - The Next Crisis in the Balkans?" Thesis, Växjö University, Växjö University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5430.

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The Balkans has suffered from quite a few problems as a result of the countless ambitious endeavors for great states of the ethnic groups residing in the Peninsula. The most recent great state idea to have caused troubles in the region is the Serbs’ Great Serbia (i.e. Yugoslvia), which caused a cycle of wars, the latest one being the war in Kosovo in the late 1990s. This thesis attempts to evaluate the rumors of yet another great state in the making – or rather awakening again: the attempt at a Greater Albania, and whether the Albanians in the Balkans are still harboring the idea of any such state. Particular emphasis is placed upon the following questions:

Where does the idea of a Greater Albania stem from?
Is a Greater Albania today still on the Albanians’ agenda as a real political plan?
What speaks for and against a Greater Albania? Is the idea even feasible?

The findings indicate that none of the Albanian communities residing in the Balkan region wish for a Greater Albania, nor do their leaders. The Serbs nonetheless maintain that an Albanian threat exists and has done so ever since 1878 when the idea of a Greater Albania first arose. However, according to the results of this study, their claims lack credibility. Everything indicates that today, and with Albania striving for membership in the European Union, the idea of a Greater Albania has been left in the past.

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Kurtz, June Margaret. "The Albania settlement of Griqualand West, 1866-1878." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004665.

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The history of the Albania Settlement of Griqualand West is examined from its beginnings in 1866 to its demise in 1878. Albania was very much a product of its time. Nineteenth century British colonial policy was basically expansionist, despite minor fluctuations caused by the various influences affecting it, such as the Free Trade and Mercantilist doctrines, social factors within Britain and events within the colonies themselves. From 1815 colonial settlements were fairly common in British territory, especially after Wakefield had provided a convincing theoretical framework for them. Within South Africa itself there are differing interpretations of what motivated British policy and of the role of the missionaries, while the changing political and economic landscape markedly affected Britain's decisions. British Government settlement schemes were undertaken mainly for social or military reasons, but there were also many settlements founded by land speculators. The economically depressed 1860s hit the Eastern Cape hard and this, combined with the transition to sheep farming, which created considerable land hunger, made the Albania scheme attractive to Eastern Cape farmers. The Griqua people led by Andries Waterboer had made a great effort to establish hegemony north of the Orange River, over the Sotho-Tswana and other Griqua chiefs. By 1866 the attempt had failed and Free State farmers were encroaching onto Nicholas Waterboer's lands. When Waterboer's agent, David Arnot, proposed the establishment of a settlement of Albany men to act as a "Wall of Flesh", Waterboer accepted the idea. Arnot's motivation was also land speculation in an area where diamonds were likely to push up land values. From its inception the settlement was dogged by quarrels, mainly over land, amongst the parties involved - the Griqua, brutally removed to make way for the settlers; the settlers, dissatisfied with the land tenure system and their administration; Arnot; the British and the encroaching Boer farmers . After the 1871 annexation of Griqualand West, into which Albania was absorbed, it took seven years, two Land Commissions, a Land Court and a special Land Claims Commissioner to sort out the tangled claims and bring order to the area and Albania's history to a close.

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Shehaj, Entela Fico. "Ownership and performance in privatised firms in Albania." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431497.

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Letizia, Annapaola. "Investigating political space : local governance reform in Albania." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508982.

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Johansson, Naimi. "Determinants of Demand for Higher Education in Albania." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35621.

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Lane, Adrian Francis. "Late Holocene environmental change at Butrint, southern Albania." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408302.

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Kullolli, Arben. "Proselytization in Albania by Middle Eastern Islamic organizations." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Mar/09Mar%5FKullolli.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Kadhim, Abbas ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Revival of Islam in Albania, Islamic Extremists, Religious Tolerance, Democratic Reforms Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available in print.

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Xhaferi, Perparim. "Albanian National Identity in the twenty-first century: Escaping from the Ottoman heritage?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20135.

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Albanian identity is contested. Albanians have developed an idiosyncratic and syncretic ‘identity’ over the centuries, reflecting the layered elements of the nation’s past. Of the Byzantine, Roman, Ottoman and Communist periods, it is the long centuries of Ottoman rule that inevitably left the greatest impact on Albanian culture and society. Communist dictator, Enver Hoxha attempted to shift Albanian identity dramatically to another path, but the short-term impact of communism pale in comparison to the long-term, deep-seated effects of the Ottoman Empire. Debates about Albanian identity and its belonging to the Ottoman heritage are far from resolved and in the current Albanian environment, scholars and writers, politicians and media commentators, are divided in their perceptions of the national identity. Many support prominent Albanian writer, Ismail Kadare’s argument in favour of a still-extant European identity underpinning Albanian culture. For Kadare this “frozen” identity survived the Ottoman centuries and must be freed from the remnants of the Ottoman heritage still clinging to it. Others position themselves with Rexhep Qosja—the leader of the opposing camp who argues that Albanian identity is different from that of Europe, that Albanian civilisation draws on both East and West, in particular, that Albanians lost their Christian origins, becoming deeply influenced by Muslim culture during the past centuries, and hence belong to the East rather than the West. Thus, in the twenty-first century, Albanian society is divided, and perceptions of identity mirror these two dominant lines of thought. Tensions remain high in the Western Balkans, Turkey is now a powerful state, and Turkish influence has been strongly directed towards the Albanian, Kosovar and Bosnian governments, as well as to local Muslim populations, many of whom are Albanians. Turkish foreign policy has been aggressively promoted in Albania and Kosovo, on the basis that deep-seated cultural similarities, geo-political, economic, regional and energy security matters bind their futures together. This influence, and present-day Albania’s engagement with Turkey, will have important consequences for Albanians in the future. The aim of this thesis is to shed new light on the nuances of the expression of Albanian identity in relation to the Ottoman heritage, and to gauge the extent to which Ottoman heritage, Turkish influence and Albanian identity and self-understanding are linked at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It is hoped that scholars, policy makers, educators, and academics will use the findings detailed in this thesis to better inform themselves regarding the ways Albanians identify themselves in terms of both East and West

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Gallagher, Amelia. "The Albanian atheist state, 1967-1991." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43872.pdf.

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30

Johansson, Susanne, and Linda Mogielnicki. "A Feasibility Study for an Irrigation System in Lubonja, Albania." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-568.

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This project is a part of the collaboration between the Swedish-Albanian Association in Mariestad and the Albanian Centre of Excellence in Tirana. The project is a preliminary feasibility study for an improved irrigation system in the mountain village Lubonja, Korça Region, Albania.

When the Albanian communism regime fell in 1990, the infrastructure degenerated and the irrigation systems where almost destroyed. Various organizations, like the World Bank, have assisted with the restoring of the systems, especially in the mountain areas. Today, the most of the systems is in functional condition.

The village of Lubonja is located in South-Eastern part of Albania. The village is a part of the Korça Region and is located 27 km from the town Korça. The fields have an altitude that varies from 930 to 870 meters above sea level and have a total approximate size of 490 hectares. Lubonja has a population of almost 560 inhabitants and the prime livelihood is farming. Today, each family is self sufficient and cultivate many kinds of crops on their fields.

There are two main streams in the region; the Lubonja River and a river from the Rehova mine area. Lubonja River comes from the mountains and flows through the village, where grey water and black water is added. The other stream is mixed with the polluted water from the old copper mine. There is also a reservoir on the hill side of the mountain which is for irrigation use only.

To calculate the needed amount of water, a small field survey has been performed. The different parts in the survey are; soil type, water quality, evaporation and climate data. The results of the field survey were compiled, with assistance of Dr. Kovaçi, Institute of Land in Tirana. It resulted in the irrigation period and the needed amount of water during the irrigation season in Lubonja. The needed amount of water varies from 1250 m3/ha to 4300 m3/ha depending on the crop and the period when irrigation is necessary is from the middle of May to the end of September.

The proposed design of the system is a combination of restoring the old canals in the area, where the system was sufficient and installing a pipe system in the area, where the old system was insufficient. The idea is to irrigate the area with the water which is now wasted from the reservoir due to leaking valves and shallow streams. To eliminate the waste of water, a pipe will lead the water from the outlet of the reservoir to a switch where there is a y-crossing. After the switch one pipe goes to the main canal and the other leads the water to area where the pipe system is implemented.

The pipe system will prepare for a usage of modern technology like drip irrigation and sprinklers. Each farmer will be able to choose how to use the water by connecting hoses to taps. Due to the high position of the reservoir the pressure in the pipes will be sufficient without using a pump.

The calculations for the system are divided into two parts. The first part is the canals, where an appropriate cross section and the needed amount of concrete are calculated. The amount of concrete for the canals is approximately 200 m3. The second part is the pipe system, where the pressure and velocity in the pipes and valves are calculated to be certain that a pump will not be needed and to get proper dimensions of the pipes. The maximum pressure is 1 471 500 Pa, the total outflow when all taps are open is 0.07m3/s and maximum velocity when tap 25 is open is 24.0 m/s.

It is important that a system like this is being implemented in close collaboration with the villagers.

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31

Bruce, Mieghan. "The impact of brucellosis in Albania : a systems approach." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701674.

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Lati, Lindita. "The causes and consequences of corporate restructuring in Albania." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343383.

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Shijaku, Hilda. "An assessment of monetary policy in Albania since 1990." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573890.

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It has been argued that monetary policy in Albania conducted under the IMF's financial programming has provided a successful framework for balancing the economy through the past decade. Following recent trends in monetary policy in other countries, and a perceived uncertainty about the evolution of Albanian monetary aggregates, the Central Bank of Albania has announced the introduction of inflation targeting in the medium term. The purpose of this thesis is to assess monetary policy in Albania during the last decade and to reflect on its likely future development. In order to understand the decision-making process in the Bank of Albania given the IMF's role in the formulation of policies, the IMF view is critically examined in the light of Western and transition economies' experiences. As a contribution to knowledge, we test the crucial assumption of that programme: that of the stability of the demand for money. We critically examine the standard eo integrating techniques prevailing in the money demand estimation literature and contribute to knowledge by constructing a model which is broadly satisfactory on both theoretical and empirical grounds. We show that use of single equation techniques do not satisfy the requirement of no simultaneity between monetary aggregates and other variables in our dataset, while using a system of equations a long run cointegration of the monetary aggregate and other variables of interest is found in the form of a money demand equation, once a structural break occurring in 1997 is taken into account. We also examine the transmission mechanisms in order to identify the role of monetary policy in stabilising the economy. By formulating our work in a SV AR context we find no significant interest rate effects on both the price level and output, while shocks in the exchange rate induce output variability, thus suggesting that the authorities should consider exchange rate stabilisation in their reaction rule. Using our findings, we conduct an assessment of the financial programming in Albania, examining the various steps of this strategy and argue that econometric estimation of the money demand relationship could replace the use of quantity theory of money postulating stationarity of money velocity. Based on our own findings, we critically assess a new macromodel being developed by the Bank of Albania and suggest among other things, that the simultaneous modelling of key relationships should include transmission channels, via the exchange rate, and the inclusion of monetary aggregates in the model to inform policy making.

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Mahony, Marinela. "An investigation of the polyphonic folk music of Albania." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27337.

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Geographically Albania is divided into two main regions: northern Ghegeria and southern Toskeria. The southern part (Toskeria) consists of two sub-regions, Toske and Laberia. These share many commonalities yet the musical styles of each are distinctly different. The Shkumbini River serves as a boundary between the two main regions, as well as a cultural divide distinguishing the varying musical performances and styles. Monodic music is practiced mainly in the north whilst polyphonic music is most commonly performed in the south. These two diverse systems impact on the folk songs of the two regions making them sound significantly different. In addition, different folk instruments are used in both regions. The instrumental and vocal monodic music of the north (Ghegeria) is based on the modal system, with Dorian, Aeolian, Mixolydian, Phrygian, Lydian, Ionian and Hypolydian modes being used. The songs of the north typically portray important historical events or heroic deeds, while the southern songs are not as nationalistic and cover various social themes. They are in general a lot softer and more melodic in character. The folk music of the south (Toskeria) is based on the pentatonic scale, with significant differences which are noticed within the two sub-regions (Toske and Laberia). The vocal music of the south consists of two, three or four vocal parts singing a capella, although sometimes instrumental accompaniment is added. The polyphonic music of the sub-region of Toske is characterized by imitative elements utilized in both the melodies and rhythms of the songs, providing a sense of thematic unity, whereas in Laberia contrasting elements are more dominant throughout the songs. Despite these differences, iso (or drone) is performed similarly in both sub-regions, and is another important element in the polyphonic music of the south. A notable form of instrumental polyphonic music of Toskeria is that of Kaba, performed by Saze folk ensembles. What distinguishes Albanian polyphonic folk music from its counterparts in other areas of the world is that it has not only survived but is flourishing in modern times. Unlike many other cultures that have excluded polyphonic music from mainstream society, Albanian polyphonic music is known by most Albanians and is well practiced and enjoyed by all age groups, and rural as well as urban Albanians, regardless of their degree of formal musical training
Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Music
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AMORE, MARIA GRAZIA. "SETTLEMENT AND BURIAL IN APOLLONIA AND ITS AREA (ALBANIA)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109186628.

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Vergara, Domínguez Nicole de los Angeles. "Operación Albania: crónica del gran montaje de la CNI." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133367.

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Memoria para optar al título de Periodista
Tras el atentado del Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez a Augusto Pinochet y su comitiva el 7 de septiembre de 1986, la historia de muchas personas cambió para siempre. Pocas horas después de la emboscada en el sector de Las Vertientes en el Cajón del Maipo, el general apareció en el noticiario de Televisión Nacional, 60 minutos, con su mano vendada, mostrando el Mercedes Benz blindado dañado y señalando una frase que quedaría grabada en la historia de Chile: “¡Esto prueba que el terrorismo es serio, que es más grave de lo que están hablando y que ya está bueno que los señores políticos se den cuenta que estamos en una guerra entre el marxismo y la democracia!”. Sus palabras calaron hondo y sus acciones post atentado sellaron la vida de muchos. Se declaró Estado de Sitio en el país y de inmediato la Central Nacional de Informaciones, CNI, comenzó una desenfrenada búsqueda por encontrar a los culpables de la llamada Operación Siglo XX. La investigación se confundió con el temor, se sembró miedo asesinando horas después a personas que no tenían relación con el atentado y se acentuó la horrible relación entre la policía secreta del régimen y la sociedad civil. Este hecho fue uno de los antecedentes principales de uno de los montajes más emblemáticos de la dictadura militar. La Operación Albania o Matanza de Corpus Christi dejó entre el 15 y 16 de junio de 1987 doce frentistas muertos en manos de agentes de la CNI. Los hombres de bigote simularon fuertes enfrentamientos para encubrir la muerte de estas personas, entre ellas la de José Joaquín Valenzuela Levi, uno de los líderes del FPMR y cabecilla del atentado a Pinochet. Los agentes de la CNI interceptaron a los frentistas en la vía pública, irrumpieron en sus hogares y casas de seguridad asesinándolos en medio de un sangriento plan. La historia de la Operación Albania no es una más de los años ‘80, no es una más que relata la muerte de frentistas, es la historia de un montaje planificado, en donde agentes de la Central Nacional de Informaciones en conjunto con medios de comunicación oficialistas se confabularon para dar un testimonio falso a la sociedad. Los familiares no sólo debieron reponerse a las muertes de sus seres queridos. Por más de una década debieron batallar con la justicia para demostrar que los frentistas no fallecieron producto de enfrentamientos con las fuerzas de seguridad, si no que fueron brutalmente asesinados por la dictadura militar.

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Cali, Blendi. "Il Capitale Sociale in Albania (Il caso di Tirana)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8607.

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2011/2012
Social Capital is one of the most attractive and disputed concept of the last two decades. The role it plays in economic development of regions and growing of its influence in the accountability of politics toward its citizens is the motive of this research. The main purpose of this study is to measure the level of social capital, focusing the attention in Tirana the capital of Albania. An overview of the role of social capital in the economy and the influence played by central government and local governance for its creation is given. To measure social capital is used the data set of Living Standard Measurement Survey 2008 of the Albanian National Institute of Statistics. From which were taken two variable one for participation in the networks of civic engagement and the other on trust only for Tirana. From the data analysis it results that in Tirana exists a low level of participation in networks of civic engagement and also a low level of trust. From the analysis made to understand the influence of participation in the networks of civic engagement the trust level referring to Robert Putman’s theory results a negative correlation between the two variables. The empirical findings appear to the conclusion that social capital in Tirana is low, and we must make efforts to build it in order to get the positive outcomes it has.
XXIV Ciclo
1981

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Imami, Drini <1978&gt. "Analysis of agrifood value chain actors' choices in Albania." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3790/1/Imami_Drini_tesi.pdf.

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Imami, Drini <1978&gt. "Analysis of agrifood value chain actors' choices in Albania." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3790/.

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40

Sulce, Shpendi <1985&gt. "Verso l'adesione all'UE: produzione, occupazione e commercio in Albania." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3989.

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L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è di dare una panoramica su come l’economia albanese, e più precisamente, la produzione, occupazione e il commercio siano cambiati nel corso dell’ultimo ventennio. In particolare si analizzerà l’influenza, oltre che dell’alterata situazione politica del paese, anche della prospettiva di adesione all'Unione europea. L’obiettivo di futura adesione europea ha avuto degli effetti importanti sull'Albania, come anche su altri paesi dei Balcani dell’ovest che seguono la stessa priorità, stimolando la modifica della struttura economica di questi paesi.

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Demiri, Alessia <1994&gt. "A WALFARE STATE ANALYSIS: THE CASE STUDY OF ALBANIA." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15695.

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Con la fine della Guerra Fredda terminò la divisione globale in blocchi. I cittadini dei paesi precedentemente comunisti possono finalmente scegliere di poter dire la loro in merito al loro futuro politico, economico e sociale. In realtà questo processo di transizione e democratizzazione non è stato così semplice e immediato a livello pratico. D’altro canto le aspettative erano troppo alte, le proprie capacità erano sopravvalutate e gli archetipi occidentali erano idealizzati troppo Il processo di democratizzazione nei paesi post-comunisti e, in particolare, in quello albanese, ha coinvolto il rapporto fra società e politica, dal processo di costruzione dello stato alla identità nazionale, dal processo di centralizzazione al processo di decentramento. Inoltre, il passaggio dall’economia centralizzata all’economia di mercato ha portato alla nascita di nuovi problemi di natura sociale sconosciuti in Albania durante il regime enverista. I conflitti sociali emersi durante gli anni novanta e in maniera traumatica nella crisi dello stato nel 1997 da un lato ha cancellato la percezione da parte degli albanesi che il processo di consolidamento democratico e l’inclusione nelle organizzazioni internazionali ed europee sarebbero stati veloci come promesso dai governi democratici e, dall’altro lato, ha modificato l’attenzione delle istituzioni internazionali verso l’Albania. Il primo obbiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di condurre un’analisi teorica in merito al concetto di welfare state focalizzandosi sulle teorie e i regimi dei paesi post comunisti. Il secondo obbiettivo della tesi è quello di condurre un indagine sul welfare state albanese con un focus sugli aspetti centrali del faticoso processo di consolidamento democratico caratterizzato dalla lunga transizione politica economica e sociale. Le domande che sono state poste sono principalmente: ‘’cosa ha comportato il passaggio dall’economia centralizzata all’economia di mercato? Come è cambiata la situazione sociale durante la transizione? Il terzo obbiettivo è quello di portare il caso studio della città di Durazzo. Si svolge un’analisi di sviluppo del welfare a Durazzo basandosi sui budget municipali della città dall’anno 2010 all’anno 2016 e sui budget delle pensioni prelevati dall’ Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale sempre dall’anno 2010 all’anno 2016.

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KARAFILI, Elona. "Cluster Policies in Transition Economies - The case of Albania." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487892.

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This research studies cluster dynamics in transition economies, exploring the case of Albania. It analyses the effectiveness of policies adopted in cluster promotion, using complexity thinking and evolutionary economic geography approaches. Clusters are searched in relation to regional competitiveness and regional innovation systems, while discussing their features such as co-opetition, proximity and innovativeness, followed by a discussion on the role of institutions and policies in cluster development. Often developing countries, where the ‘model’ of the developed countries is seen as the endpoint of a trajectory that must be followed meticulously, implying a view on modernization as a linear and uniform process, tend to import policies from the developed countries regardless of their context and institutional capabilities, therefore more often than not such policies show little effectiveness. This research on cluster policies in Albania confirms this. For five industries selected based on the cluster mapping tool designed by European Cluster Observatory, a confrontation of the top-down and bottom-up cluster dynamics has been done, making use of the available documents, statistics and maps as well as through primary data gathered by questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The outcome of the analysis reveals a significant discrepancy among the two, with the bottom-up initiatives achieving slow but tangible results and the implemented territorial policies failing to inject any dynamism to cluster development, indicating the need for a new route for policies that seek to promote cluster development. This thesis suggests that in Albania there is a need to revise the way of thinking about clusters, considering them first and foremost as relational networks, instead of physically bound industrial districts. While there is a feeling of exhaustion from top down policies and the national innovation systems prerogative, the suggested model by this research, in line with some of the most recent policy frameworks, advocates the need for flexibility, bottom up initiatives and place-based approaches. By means of conclusion, the research comes up with an alternative model of territorial policies for cluster development, shifting from what can be called static towards dynamic planning.
Questo lavoro di ricerca studia le dinamiche dei cluster in economie in via di transizione. Più nello specifico esplora il caso albanese. La ricerca analizza l’effettività delle politiche utilizzate per la promozione dei cluster, adoperando approcci appartenenti ai rami del “Complexity thinking” e della “Evolutionary Economic Geography”. I cluster vengono studiati dalla prospettiva delle competitività regionali e dei sistemi regionali d'innovazione, mentre in parallelo sono discussi altri loro aspetti legati alla competitività, prossimità e spinta innovativa. Molto spesso i paesi in via di sviluppo guardano a quelli più sviluppati economicamente, come dei “modelli”, come ultimo fine di una traiettoria che va seguita meticolosamente. Per questo, tali paesi tendono spesso a importare meccanicamente politiche già adoperate senza le dovute considerazioni legate alle specificità del contesto e alle rispettive capacità istituzionali, portando così a risultati inconcludenti. Questa ricerca sulle politiche dei cluster in Albania, lo riconferma. Cinque industrie sono state selezionate sulla base di uno strumento preposto alla loro mappatura disegnato dall’ Osservatorio Europeo dei Cluster. I vari dati estratti dai documenti a disposizione, le statistiche, le mappature, assieme ai dati primari ricavati da questionari e interviste semi-strutturate, sono stati utili per effettuare un confronto delle dinamiche dei cluster createsi, sia quelli top-down che bottom-up. Il risultato di queste analisi rivela delle discrepanze molto pronunciate tra le due dinamiche. Le iniziative che partono dal basso hanno raggiunto risultati modesti ma tangibili, invece le politiche territoriali applicate dall’alto non sono riuscite a iniettare dinamismo nei cluster, e hanno dimostrato il bisogno di una nuova rotta nelle politiche indirizzate alla loro promozione. Questa tesi, suggerisce un nuovo modo di pensare ai cluster albanesi, considerandoli come vere e proprie reti relazionali piuttosto che statici distretti industriali. Ad oggi c’è un generale sentimento di diffidenza rispetto a politiche applicate dall’alto verso il basso e alle prerogative dei sistemi innovativi nazionali. Questa ricerca suggerisce un altro modello, allineato con le più recenti tendenze e politiche che sostengono il bisogno di più flessibilità, di iniziative dal basso verso l’alto, e approcci più contestuali. Con le conclusioni finali, la ricerca propone un modello alternativo di politiche territoriali per lo sviluppo dei cluster, in grado di discostarsi dagli attuali sistemi statici verso una pianificazione territoriale più dinamica.

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Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie. "Invoking a culture - deploying a past : Albanian identifications and translocal encounters." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2012. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/invoking-a-culture---deploying-a-past(1c49cdc1-f03c-4c19-aa46-3e75b0c4938b).html.

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This thesis traces internal and external identity constructions of Albanians through recourse to specific local Albanian pasts in post-socialist, including post-war, translocal and globalised realms of encounters. In this the main (but not exclusive) focus is on the role of traditionalist signifiers, their historical legacy and the ways in which these have informed perceptions of Albanianness both of themselves and by others, sometimes in unexpected complicity. My publications, as assembled in this thesis, demonstrate that identity-constitutive recourse to specific pasts, particularly to tropes of pre-communist north-Albanian customary law, frequently and stereotypically subsumed under the Ottoman term, kanun, have shaped and framed not just ideas about Albanianness but also served to delineate concrete social relations and relations of power, to justify social and political exclusion and inclusion as well as practices of resistance and subversion both between and among Albanians as well as with non-Albanians alike. Such identity constructions in traditionalist terms of Self or Other, respectively, as observed during the last twenty years in multi-sited ethnography, emerged from and were negotiated at, interconnected arenas of power where people as well as ideas about Albanians meet and matter still today with real social and political consequences in practice.

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Gjiknuri, Damian. "Albania's counter-terrorism policy options : finding a strategy of common sense /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FGjiknuri.pdf.

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45

Mema, Adriatik. "Democratization in Albania the OSCE, NATO and the European Union /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FMema.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Yost, David S. ; Abenheim, Donald. "June 2010." Description based on title screeen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Democratization, international organizations, domestic politics, conditionality, membership criteria, accession. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-108). Also available in print.

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Sudar, Petar. "The political economy of accounting change : the case of Albania." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21673.

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The change of accounting system has been a part of Albania's transition from the centrally planned to market economy that started in the early 1990s. Accounting changes in Albania however, have not been documented and study. Furthermore, the review of literature on accounting in developing countries and that on accounting developments in Central and Eastern Europe of the 1990s evidences the need for critically studying the development and role of accounting in the economic and social context of countries such as Albania. By utilising Perera's contingency based approach this study thus analyses accounting developments in Albania during the period 1992 - 2002. In a number of important respects Albania has differed from all or almost all the other Central and East European economies in transition and other developing countries. It has differed in its starting point of the reform, in its mode of adjustment, and in its reform outcomes. It has differed in its successes and in its failures. Nevertheless, the development of accounting in Albania has faced challenges similar to those in other Central and East European transitional economies and developing countries. The prevailing accounting philosophy in Albania's legislation on accounting has been French-inspired. This has meant that the range of actual and potential conflicts and confusions between a system based on legal formalities and tax domination of accounting and the broader International Accounting Standards spirit has been widening. Furthermore, while amendments to accounting legislation have been relatively quick to take place, a slow pace of change has characterized the functioning of Albania's accounting institutions - policy and decision-making bodies and professional associations. This has affected the proper functioning of the system of accounting which has been an integral part of Albania's financial infrastructure. Using a qualitative case study research and employing interviewing technique, this thesis ascertains the contribution that certain changes could make to the functioning of Albania's accounting system, and to the outcome of the activities of international governmental and financial institutions.

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Nicandrou, Aphrodite. "Hydrological assessment and modelling of the River Fani Catchment, Albania." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2010. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/hydrological-assessment-and-modelling-of-the-river-fani-catchment-albania(f9f16433-a018-43dc-954a-6d9beea5d6e7).html.

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Aid In Action Porthcawl (a registered South Wales Charity Organisation) has been carrying out charity work in the town of Rubik in the Mirdita Region of North Albania for many years. Rubik lies within the Catchment of the River Fani which is remote, ungauged and characterised by frequent flooding, erosion and deforestation. Over the years these processes have had a huge environmental and socioeconomic impact on the residents of Rubik. Aid In Action was concerned about this situation and wished to provide a sustainable solution. Following discussions with staff at the University of Glamorgan, it was agreed that a sustainable solution was the development of an integrated hydrological decision support system for the whole River Fani Catchment. Hydrological models can be a valuable tool, providing a common platform for experts, decision-makers and stakeholders for the sustainable management of catchments, especially when used within the framework of a Geographic Information System (GIS). Such models and systems require quantitative data of good quality over appropriate spatial and temporal scales. For remote mountainous ungauged river catchments in developing countries the development of a catchment model and management system is often complicated due to limited availability of such data. Very often, any available data are difficult to obtain; they could, for example, be scattered among local authorities and are generally in the national language of the country concerned, thus adding the challenge of having records translated into the study language. Over the last few decades, advances in hydrological data capture (e.g. using remote sensing) and data management systems (e.g. GIS) have provided opportunities for overcoming some of the challenges of modelling ungauged catchments. However, the data captured is often from different sensors and sources and at different scales. This research project sought out to creatively use multi-source and multi-scale data to develop a GIS based hydrological model of the River Fani Catchment in the North of Albania to provide, a long term solution for the sustainable management of the Fani Catchment, thus improving the quality of life for the residents of Rubik and the rest of the Catchment. Data from various remote sensing sensors (e.g. Landsat, MODIS, ASTER) and other sources such as published maps, limited gauged flow and rainfall records, local library archives, digital datasets (e.g. CORINE and radar rainfall) and interviews with residents were used to develop the integrated GIS-based hydrological (using WMS hydrological modelling environment) and hydraulic (HEC-RAS) model of the Fani Catchment. The model was then used to not only map significant environmental change in the Catchment (e.g. deforestation using various vegetation indices), but also to assess flooding impact and to analyse various “What-if” scenarios of conservation strategies (e.g. deforestation, afforestation and provision of runoff attenuation systems). The results suggest that the changes in vegetation cover (apart from farming practices) are not considerably extensive in the Catchment between 1984 and 2000. It was observed that afforestation as a flooding mitigation measure did not play a decisive role in runoff reduction compared with attenuation measures. This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of remote sensing and GIS in generating quantitative information on land classification, change detection, soil erosion and general catchment management for remote and ungauged catchments in developing countries. This has been particularly so, owing to recent developments in sensor technologies and increasing available datasets from data providers and the global scientific community at little or no cost.

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48

Loxha, Arbëresha. "The effect of education on poverty in Kosovo and Albania." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2016. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/3465/.

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Despite the positive economic growth over the last decade, poverty in Kosovo and Albania remains one of the highest in Europe. Both countries have experienced large migration flows which, together with remittances, seem to have been an effective mechanism for mitigating poverty, which would otherwise be even higher. This thesis investigates the determinants of poverty with a specific focus on the effect of education on poverty in Kosovo and Albania using data from the Kosovar Household Budget Survey 2011 and the Albanian Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012. The review of studies suggests that there is no single unified theory of poverty. Moreover, there is no underpinning study that would fully inform the modelling approaches in this thesis. The economic theory of consumer behavior, duality theory as well as unitary approach provide the theoretical basis for measurement of household welfare. On the other hand, several theories and studies have been concerned with structural relations that affect poverty. According to human capital theory, education leads to increased income and thus decreases the risk of poverty. Literature also highlights the importance of migration, remittances and fertility in relation to poverty but also emphasizes the importance of education with regards to remittances and fertility. A key contribution of this thesis is that, it attempts to put all these theories and approaches together to inform the models to be estimated in this thesis. Ordinary Least Squares and Probit estimation techniques are used to model consumption and poverty while quantile regression is used to gain further insights into how the determinants of household welfare change across the welfare distribution. Some of the factors which influence household poverty are expected to be endogenously related to poverty. In this thesis, this issue is addressed by controlling for the effect of the endogenous variables using pre-determined and exogenous indicators. One of the most important factors affecting household welfare is education. Indicators such as the highest level of education in the household, share of adult members with respective education attainments, and mean years of education of adults are considered in the estimation, in addition to education of the household head (a commonly used education indicator), as they tend to better reflect the impact of education on household poverty. Considering theoretical and empirical literature on migration, fertility and poverty, it seems appropriate to expect that poverty, remittances and fertility are simultaneously determined; estimating each of the relationships separately would therefore not be appropriate. Hence, another important contribution of this thesis is that it models the three factors within a simultaneous equations system and thus explores the impact of education on poverty via different channels at the same time. For this purpose, Three-stage Least Squares (3SLS) estimation technique is utilized. An advantage of the 3SLS approach is that endogenous variables are allowed to appear on the right-hand side of the equations. Findings are largely in accordance with theoretical expectations; education is found to be related to increased consumption and reduced poverty in both Kosovo and Albania, and the effect is higher for higher levels of education attained. The Quantile regression results indicate that the positive effect of increased levels of education on consumption is highest for the poorest households in Kosovo, while the same applies to the richest households in Albania. The results also underline the importance of migration and fertility in terms of household welfare in Kosovo and Albania. The 3SLS estimation results confirm our expectations regarding the joint determination of poverty, fertility and remittances. Due to some limitations of the Kosovar dataset however, this analysis is performed using the Albanian dataset only.

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49

Zaloshnja, Eduard X. "Analysis of Agricultural Production in Albania: Prospects for Policy Improvement." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29606.

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The overall objective of this study is to develop a framework to predict the impacts of government policies on agricultural production in Albania. The specific goal of this study is to provide some empirical estimates of the farmers' short-run supply response to government policies that effect output and input prices. Different theoretical approaches to integrating the questions this study purports to answer were considered. Two models were deemed as most appropriate for Albanian agriculture. The first is a semi-commercial farm household model and the second is the well-known indirect profit function model. The first model was preferred. However, the second was used instead, due to the lack of information necessary for an empirical application of the semi-commercial farm household model. A quadratic functional form was selected to approximate the profit function. It satisfied the Taylor series approximation convergence test. Two approaches were used to estimate the empirical model. In the first, the traditional approach, the symmetry and homogeneity conditions were imposed beforehand and then the system of equations was estimated using the ITSUR procedure in SAS. Following common practice, a joint Rao test of these conditions was conducted, implicitly assuming that the test statistic has a Fisher distribution or, stated differently, assuming that parameter estimators are normally distributed. The test results indicate that the conditions are met. A second approach, proposed by McGuirk, et al., was also used in this study. The approach proposed by McGuirk, et al., requires that, before imposing and/or testing any theoretical assumption, the unrestricted model is estimated and tested to see if all the underlying statistical assumptions of the linear regression are met. The misspecification tests suggested that the model is not statistically adequate. This finding indicated that the theoretical test conducted in the traditional approach was invalid. An alternative estimation procedure is proposed in the study for cases when a statistically adequate model cannot be specified. Named the sub-sample or the bootstrapping method, this procedure consists of randomly selecting a large number of sub-samples from the cross-sectional sample and running a regression for each of them. The large number of estimates for each of the coefficients serves as a basis for estimating 95-percent confidence intervals. An inspection of the supply and input demand elasticities calculated based on coefficients estimated through the sub-sample method revealed that half of them have wide 95 percent confidence intervals. Therefore, predicting policy impacts across all output and input equations is not possible. However, elasticities that have narrow confidence intervals and make economic sense can be used to predict isolated policy impacts, if Albania returns to the conditions that prevailed before the political turmoil of 1997.
Ph. D.

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50

Kullaj, Endrit <1976&gt. "Organic farming policies for a sustainable development of rural Albania." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/432/1/Kullaj-Thesis-XIX_Cycle-Int_Coop-04-07.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Albania'

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