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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Albanian language'
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Elliott, Justin Gregory Hamilton. "Albanian language management and the generation of Kosovo Albanian national identity since 1945." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10038950/.
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This thesis is about the development of a national identity through the means of language, both as a terrain and a vehicle. This thesis argues the modern intellectuals’ sense of moral mission in colonial nation-building was a response to exogenous modernization, and involved imagining the people as Albanians separated from Albania. This was most clearly encapsulated in the adoption of the same standard language as Albania in 1968 and the intellectuals’ subsequent management and reaction to external constraint, which was imposed in such a way as to prove counterproductive and enhance the intellectuals’ status still further. Yet, because there are limits to the way in which imagination of a society can conflict with reality, the standard language has failed to bring political or linguistic unity. In arguing this, the thesis provides a new interpretation of the development of Kosovo Albanian national identity.
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Curtis, Matthew Cowan. "Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338406907.
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Rista-Dema, Mimoza. "Inverse-order constructions in Albanian English discourse and prototype effects /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3230547.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Linguistics, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 4, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: A, page: 2963. Adviser: Beverly S. Hartford.
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Hoopes, Rebekah Susan. "Teaching Practice and Motivation Among Albanian and Japanese Missionaries." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5500.
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This study explored the relationship between the use of motivational strategies by Albanian and Japanese teachers and the observed and reported motivation of missionaries at the Missionary Training Center (MTC) for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Provo, Utah. The aim of this study was to collect baseline data about the motivational strategies already employed by teachers in the Albanian and Japanese areas of the MTC and to explore the relationship that the teachers' use of these strategies has with the motivation of the respective missionaries. The data for this study was collected from seven teachers and 28 learners during a series of observations using a modified version of the Motivation Orientation of Language Teaching (MOLT), a classroom observation instrument developed by Guilloteaux and Dörnyei (2008). The MOLT is used to record the observable motivated behavior of learners as well as the motivational practices of the teachers according to Dörnyei's (2001) foreign language classroom motivational strategy framework. Each participating class was observed using the MOLT three times during the missionaries' nine-week stay in the MTC. The data from the observations was supplemented with teacher and learner surveys administered during the first and final weeks of the study period. Not only was this study useful for collecting valuable information about teaching practice at the MTC, but it also adds a new dimension to the empirical research that has been done in motivation in second language acquisition by expanding the research to English speakers being taught in foreign languages, whereas most research had been focused in ESL and EFL contexts. It is the first study to combine surveys with an observation component in target languages other than English. The results of this study support previous findings that teacher use of motivational strategies does indeed correlate significantly with learner motivation.
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Mullen, Ana-Lisa Clark. "An Investigation into the Motivational Practice of Teachers of Albanian and Japanese." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5767.
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This study explores the use and effectiveness of motivational strategies with teachers and learners of Albanian and Japanese at the Missionary Training Center (MTC) in Provo, UT. Each teacher was observed three times using a modified version of the Motivation Orientation of Language Teaching (MOLT) observation scheme that was first used by Guilloteaux & Dornyei (2008). Learners were surveyed using an instrument from that same study. Teachers were surveyed using a modified version of the instrument created by Cheng & Dornyei (2007). Data collected from these three instruments provide insight into (a) the relationship between teacher motivational practice and learner motivated behavior in this context and (b) teachers' awareness and use of motivational strategies. The significant relationship found between teacher motivational practice and learner motivated behavior indicates that teachers' use of motivational strategies does influence learner engagement in this context, similar to results from previous studies. Although teachers were observed using some motivational strategies, they underused many other strategies because they lacked confidence, forgot to use them, or did not see how the strategies support the MTC curriculum. Training teachers to use strategies within the framework of MTC principles may help increase teachers' confidence in using motivational strategies, thus improving the teachers' motivational practice.
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Morgan, Carrie Ann. "Language Ideologies in TirOna." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429538090.
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Kostovicova, Denisa. "The politics of identity and space : Albanian-language education in Kosovo, 1992-1998." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620201.
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Kulla, Ariola. "The Albanian Linguistic Journey from Ancient Illyricum to EU : Lexical Borrowings." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57208.
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Where does a language come from? Every language has its own history and during the course of that history, it might change, evolve or even die. Why do languages borrow from each other? Borrowing seems to be true for every language that has contact with another, even for major cultural languages such as Greek. Every case though is unique in itself. From which languages can a language borrow? Speakers of a certain language borrow from the people that they come in contact with, face-to-face or otherwise. How do languages incorporate those borrowings?
Lexical borrowings are responsible for as much as ninety percent of the Albanian vocabulary and due to globalization, this percentage is about to grow even more. With a great history of three thousand years behind it and being neighbor to the two great civilizations of the then known world, Ancient Greece and Rome, Albanian has borrowed more words than any other European language.Lexical borrowings are tightly connected to the history and culture of this nation. Depending on the presence of which foreign power ruled in the Albanian territories at which time, these borrowings have had as a primary source either Greek (Ancient, Middle or New), Latin or Turkish with a few minor interferences from Gothic and Slavic languages.Every language has its own reasons for borrowing from another language. There are two main reasons: prestige and need. Albanian is not an exception. Albanian has borrowed from Greek and Latin both on the basis of need and on the basis of prestige.
The primary objective for this master thesis is the identification of the vast numbers of lexical borrowings in the Albanian language, which languages they primarily come from, why the Albanian language has borrowed so many words during the course of its history and how those borrowings are incorporated in the Albanian language.
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Shala, Skender. "Kosovo Albanian diaspora between identity conservation and social integration in Lyon." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3055.
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Le Kosovo est classé dans le groupe de pays ayant la plus grande diaspora au monde. La diaspora kosovare a une longue histoire et a joué un rôle très important au cours des décennies pour maintenir en vie la vie politique, sociale et culturelle au Kosovo . Les diasporas ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études depuis la fin des années 1980, notamment en ce qui concerne l’identité, la réception et l’intégration dans les sociétés d’accueil. Néanmoins, il existe peu de recherches sur le peuple albanais du Kosovo en France. Cet article cherche à combler cette lacune en collectant tout type de données et d’interviews avec des Albanais à Lyon, en France. Le peuple albanais, l’histoire et la géographie des Albanais seront examinés afin de permettre de comprendre leurs schémas de migration et leurs raisons. L’objectif de cette recherche est de traiter le sujet de la diaspora albanaise du Kosovo à Lyon à partir des années 1960 et l’axe principal sera divisé en deux périodes. Ces deux périodes qui se distinguent dans l'évolution de la communauté albanaise à Lyon comprendront: la première phase va des années 1960 à 1999, à l'époque où le Kosovo faisait partie de la Yougoslavie; et la deuxième de 1999 après la guerre, lorsque le Kosovo est devenu libre jusqu'en 2019. Chacune est unique et se distingue nettement de l'autre par la composition sociale et économique de la communauté albanaise, mais également par les symboles, la politisation, les attitudes, les objectifs et le système de gouvernance. . La recherche comprendra une analyse détaillée du début de la migration albanaise à Lyon, de l'organisation des Albanais du Kosovo en associations, du rôle de la diaspora et du rôle des associations dans le soutien à la patrie. La préservation de la langue, de l'identité et de la culture, ainsi que l'activation et l'intégration des Albanais dans la vie et la société françaises, les défis et les difficultés seront également analysés de manière approfondieKosovo is ranked in the group of countries with largest Diaspora in the world. The Kosovar Diaspora has a long history and has played a very important role throughout the decades keeping the political, social and cultural life in Kosovo alive . Diasporas have been widely studied since the late 1980s, and special focus has been given on identity, reception and integration in host societies. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research regarding the Kosovo Albanian people in France. This paper seeks to fill this gap through collection of any kind of data and interviews with Albanian people in Lyon, France. The Albanian people, history and geography of the Albanians will be reviewed to allow for an understanding of their migration patterns and reasons. The goal of this research is to treat the subject of Kosovo Albanian Diaspora in Lyon starting from 1960s and the main focus will be devided into two periods. These two periods that are distinguished in the evolution of the Albanian community in Lyon will include: First phase is from 1960s to 1999 during the time when Kosovo was part of Yougoslavia; and the second from 1999 after the war when Kosovo became free until 2019. Each is very unique and stands out clearly from the other by the social and economic composition of the Albanian community, but also symbols, politicization, attitudes, goals, and governance system. The research will include detailed analysis of the beginning of Albanian migration in Lyon, the organization of Kosovo Albanians into Associations, the role of Diaspora and the role of Associations in support to the homeland. Preservation of language, identity and culture as well as activization and integration of Albanians in the French life and society, challenges and hardship will also be analysed deeply
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Wheeler, Louise. "A linguistic ethnographic perspective on Kazakhstan's trinity of languages : language ideologies and identities in a multilingual university community." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7812/.
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This thesis presents a linguistic ethnographic study of language ideologies and identities in a multilingual, university community in Kazakhstan: a university aspiring to put Kazakhstan’s ‘Trinity of Languages’ project, aimed at developing societal tri-lingualism in Kazakh, Russian and English, into practice. Data was collected at a Kazakhstani university from 2012 to 2013, combining participant-observation and fieldnotes, audio recordings and interviews. Drawing on the concept of heteroglossia (Bakhtin 1981), the research investigates how young people draw on ideologies of separate and flexible multilingualism (Blackledge and Creese 2010) and on the often contested indexicalities of Kazakh, Russian and English linguistic resources to negotiate identities as multilingual people in Kazakhstan, particularly in contexts of performance, and stance-taking. Consideration of these ideological and linguistic resources also sheds light on Kazakhstan’s wider ‘processes of ideological transformation’ (Smagulova 2008:195) and their real-life implications for multilingual people. Furthermore, the analysis highlights how participants construct stances towards translanguaging (Garcia 2009) and suggests that acts of contextualisation, which frame interactions as being more or less ‘on-stage’ or ‘off-stage’, shape the way that speakers draw on linguistic resources and their indexical meanings, and how these contexts can afford or constrain speaker agency in the negotiation of identities.
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Askew, Louise. "Clinging to a barbed wire fence : the language policy of the international community in Bosnia-Herzegovina since 1995." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13344/.
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This study takes one aspect of the post-conflict peace-building process in Bosnia- Herzegovina since 1995 - the recognition of three official but mutually comprehensible languages - and examines the way in which the international community's approach to it has impacted on broader peacebuilding goals for the country. The originality of this thesis lies in the fact that it views post-conflict peace-building in Bosnia-Herzegovina through the lens of the language issue. Taking the Dayton Peace Agreement (1995) as the starting point I look at the way in which its provisions have largely dictated the international community's approach to the language issue and created the political environment in which language operates. Further, applying the concept of societal security I explain how the language issue is used by domestic elites to frustrate attempts at reconciliation by the international community; I argue that the international community's approach, based on the equality of the three languages, only feeds into the divisive ethnic politics of present-day Bosnia-Herzegovina and ultimately undermines the security and stability of the country. I also look in detail at two very different but complimentary areas of ongoing post- conflict reform in Bosnia-Herzegovina and analyse the international community's approach to language in each: reform of the education system and defence reform. In the former the language issue cannot be divorced from the identity-formation goals of domestic elites in the education reform. The international community's approach to language in this regard has been counterproductive and has only bolstered attempts to maintain segregation in schools. In the area of defence reform the focus of language policy is not on issues of identity but on the translation and interpretation policy of the international military force which is guided by locally-hired interpreters and translators. I use narrative theory (Baker, 2006) to explain how they negotiate issues of identity, loyalty and ethics and argue that through their influence policy has been more flexible and able to adapt to the requirements of the defence reform. Finally I contend that the international community has tended to view language as an unimportant element of its activities in Bosnia-Herzegovina. This study argues that far from this being the case the international community's approach to language holds important lessons for future peacebuilding endeavours elsewhere.
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Gogonas, Nikolaos. "Ethnolinguistic vitality and language maintenance in second-generation migrants : a study of Albanian and Egyptian pupils in Athens." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442439.
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Ziu, Endri. "The Emergence Of Albanian National Identity And Three Figures: Semsettin Sami, Ismail Kemal, Fan S. Noli." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614611/index.pdf.
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This thesis will examine the emergence of Albanian national identity. It will analyze this process in two different phases. The first phase includes the period after the League of Prizren until the independence. The second phase starts after the independence. This thesis will try to understand this process by focusing on the intellectual activity of the Albanian intellectuals and mainly on the intellectual thoughts of three Albanian figures: Semsettin Sami, Ismail Kemal, and Fan S. Noli. These intellectuals formulated their ideas on the basis of both the process of modernization and the international context. As such, they enabled the transition from a mere ethnic Albanian identity to an Albanian national identity. The main components of the Albanian national identity analyzed in this thesis are language, territory, and myth.
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Gut, Christian. "Recherches albanologiques." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT5008.
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Il s'agit d'une thèse sur travaux, présentant les résultats de 35 ans de recherches albanologiques. D'une bibliographie de plus de cent titres, on a exclu, comme ayant un caractère trop littéraire, les traductions des principaux romanciers albanais contemporains et on a retenu une trentaine d'articles, en albanais ou en français, qui peuvent se ranger sous trois rubriques principales : contributions à des ouvrages de caractère encyclopédiques, travaux relatifs à l'histoire politique et administrative, travaux relatifs à la langue et à la littérature. Une dernière section a été consacrée aux études sur la vie et l'oeuvre de Pasco Wassa : elles auraient pu être rangées dans l'une ou l'autre des rubriques précédentes, mais leur regroupement préfigure, en quelque sorte la monographie de cet illustre personnage, en chantier depuis quinze ans et presque achevée maintenant. Dans la participation aux collections encyclopédiques, il n'y a guère à souligner que l'importance qu'elle revêt dans des disciplines comme l'albanologie où le grand public n'a guère d'autres sources de renseignements. En histoire, on a surtout étudié les débuts de l'Albanie indépendante et son organisation, ainsi que son droit coutumier qui offre la particularité d'être resté, au moins partiellement, en vigueur jusqu'en plein XXe s. Une brève histoire de la littérature jusqu'au début du XIXe s. , encore utile malgré sa date (1970), est suivie par des études relatives à la période de la Rilindja à quelques écrivains contemporains et aux auteurs albanais du Kosovo. On retrouvera aussi des articles à caractère essentiellement comparatif sur le lexique, le système casuel et la phonétique. Pasco Wasa (1825-1892), poète, romancier, historien, grammairien, mais aussi homme politique, à la fois patriote albanais et haut fonctionnaire ottoman, est un des principaux acteurs de la Rilindja. Les travaux présentés ici apportent des renseignements nouveaux sur sa vie et son oeuvre.
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Pignoli, Maria Luisa. "Les désignations des plantes sauvages dans les variétés arbëreshe (albanais d'Italie) : étude sémantique et motivationnelle." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2044/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les désignations des plantes sauvages, du point de vue sémantico-motivationnel, dans huit des cinquante communautés arbëreshe (albanophones) de l’Italie du sud. L’intérêt pour les ethnoclassifications est devenu plus important en dialectologie au moment où la géolinguistique a commencé à structurer sa contribution scientifique autour des atlas multilingues (ALE et ALiR). Ces entreprises internationales attribuent à la motivation sémantique un rôle fondamental dans la création lexicale.Pour l’analyse des données phytonymique arbëreshe, nous avons adopté, la démarche de M. Alinei, centrée sur les représentations culturelles qui sous-tendent les désignations, et celle de P. Guiraud et J. Ph. Dalbera centrée sur les processus de remotivation cyclique du lexique d’un système linguistique. Le fait de ne pas disposer d’un corpus de taille conséquente et de ne pas pouvoir faire appel à des informations diachroniques approfondies, nous a révélé la difficulté de l’application à la reconstruction de la phytonymie arbëresh de l’approche proposée par Guiraud et Dalbera. En revanche, l’approche d’Alinei a permis de mettre en évidence trois typologies de motivations pour les phytonymes de notre corpus : les motivations phytomorphiques ou descriptives, les zoomorphismes et les anthropomorphismes, déjà largement attestés dans la littérature aussi bien en ce qui concerne la zoonymie que la phytonymie et qui témoignent du rôle des éléments culturels dans les classifications ethnoscientifiquesThis thesis studies the names of wild plants from a motivational semantics perspective. This research was carried out in eight of the fifty Albanian minority villages in the south of Italy. The interest in ethnoclassifications has increased since geolinguistics began to structure its scientific contribution through multilingual atlases (ALE and ALiR). These trans-national enterprises consider the fundamental role that semantic motivation plays during the lexical creation.In order to analyse arbëreshë wild plants’ names, we adopted, on the one hand, M. Alinei’s approach, which focuses on the cultural representations underlying the plants’ names and, on the other, the approach proposed by P. Guiraud and J. Ph. Dalbera focusing on the process based on cyclic remotivation of lexicon in a linguistic system. The fact that we did not have a corpus of substantial dimensions and we could not appeal to extensive diachronic information showed us the difficulty in the application of Guiraud and Dalbera’s approach to the reconstruction of arbëresh plants’ names. On the contrary, Alinei’s approach allowed highlighting three types of motivations characterizing arbëreshë plants’ names: phytomorphic or descriptive, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic motivations, which appear already in literature in both
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Hetzer, Armin. "Nominalisierung und verbale Einbettung in Varietäten des Albanischen : eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte der albanischen Schriftsprache am Beispiel erweiterter Verbalpräikate auf areallinguistischem Hintergrund /." Wiesbaden : O. Harrassowitz, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40196453n.
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Turano, Giuseppina. "Dipendenze sintattiche in albanese /." Padova : Unipress, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37628883f.
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Rushiti, Bujar. "Share-Marking in Albanian : the Distributive Marker Nga." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7049.
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Cette thèse expose comment les numéraux distributifs marqués par nga portant sur le numéral permettent une lecture distributive de la phrase dans son ensemble. Plutôt que de considérer nga comme opérateur distributif, la thèse avance que c’est un marqueur sémantiquement vide qui marque la présence d’un opérateur distributif qui reste invisible. L’un des faits majeurs dont cette analyse peut rendre compte repose sur l’observation que de multiple exemples de nga dans le même domaine syntaxique ne donnent pas lieu à une interprétation itérative, mais seulement à une lecture distributive singulière, un peu à la manière des langues à concordance négative (negative concord) où plusieurs éléments marqués négativement ne produisent qu’une seule négation sémantique. La raison pour laquelle de tels cas de ‘concordance distributive’ doivent être traités par la syntaxe et non au terme d’un mode d’interprétation particulier tient au fait que ce type d’accord se conforme strictement à la localité syntaxiqueThis thesis discusses how distributive numerals marked by nga on a numeral yield a distributive reading of the sentence as a whole. Rather than taking nga to be a distributive operator, it argues that it is actually a semantically vacuous marker of the presence of a distributive operator that may be covert. One of the major facts that such an analysis may account for, concerns the observation that multiple instances of nga in the same syntactic domain do not trigger an iterative interpretation, but only a single distributive reading, much alike in negative concord languages, multiple negatively marked elements only yield a single semantic negation. That such instances of ‘distributive concord’ should be handled by the syntax, and not be the outcome of some particular mode of interpretation, is motivated by the fact that this type of concord strictly obeys syntactic locality
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Haxhiaj, Lianda. "De la synchronie dynamique : étude expérimentale et modélisation de variables phonético-phonologiques dans un parler régional de l'albanais (ville de Shkodra)." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1044.
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La thèse aborde la question de la variation et du changement linguistiques en examinant les facteurs à l’œuvre dans l’émergence dynamique d’un état synchronique, ainsi que les mécanismes susceptibles de rendre compte des évolutions phonético-phonologiques. Cette recherche consiste d’une part à préciser l’incidence des mécanismes naturels et fonctionnels des variables linguistiques et d’autre part, elle est inscrite dans une perspective sociolinguistique post-labovienne. En outre, il s’agit de conjuguer facteurs sociaux et cognitifs en mettant l’accent sur leur interdépendance. Corrélée à des traitements statistiques, l’étude se fonde sur l’analyse acoustique de trois variables phonologiques d’un parler régional albanais : (1) la durée vocalique, (2) la nasalité vocalique, (3) le schwa. Une série d’expérimentations menées pour chaque variable a mis en évidence que les changements phonologiques sont régis par une tendance marquée du locuteur à utiliser l’ensemble des ressources dont il dispose pour faire acte de langage. Ces stratégies s’articulent autour de deux axes fondamentaux : (1) le cognitif et le social, (2) l’individu et le groupe. Le modèle de variation linguistique présenté, suggère que les innovations ou les comportements conservateurs peuvent être compris comme la manifestation d’une tension entre forces internes et externes mobilisant les stratégies d’encodage de l’individu à un niveau infra-conscient. Afin de rendre compte de l'organisation de variables indépendantes nous proposons une approche interactionniste permettant de considérer un faisceau de facteurs sociauxThe thesis addresses the question of linguistic variation and change by examining factors influencing the dynamic emergence of a synchronic state, as well as the mechanisms susceptible to reveal the phonetical and phonological evolutions. On the one hand, this research investigates the impact of natural and functional mechanisms of linguistic variables and on the other hand, it adheres to the post-labovian sociolinguistic perspective. Furthermore, the research conjugates both social and cognitive factors focusing on their interdependence. Correlated to the mathematical data analysis and statistics, this research is based upon the acoustic analysis of three phonological variables of an Albanian regional variety: (1) the vocalic length, (2) the vocalic nasality and (3) the schwa. A series of each variable experimentations put in evidence that phonological changes are governed by a marked tendency of speakers to use the set of resources they have at their disposal for realizing the action of language. These strategies articulate around two fundamental axes: (1) the cognitive and the social and (2) the individual and the group. The proposed linguistic variation model suggests that the innovations or the conservative behaviours can be understood as the demonstration of a tension between internal and external forces mobilizing the individual’s strategies of encoding in an infra-conscious level. In order to investigate the organization of the independent variables an interaction based approach, permitting to consider an important number of social factors, is proposed
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Ossipow, Cheang Sarah. "The generic intertext of psalms in the poetry of Marina Tsvetaeva (1892-1941)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10554/.
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This study investigates the presence of the genre of psalms in Tsvetaeva's poetry by means of Alastaire Fowler's theory of the historical persistence of literary genres throughout history. The main argument is that in her intertextual use of psalms Tsvetaeva develops further some of their typical features such as the expression of bafflement at God's passivity or an over-familiarity in addressing God; although these features are already present in psalms, they are not given a full-blown realisation because of the religious restrictions reigning at the time and context in which they were written. Chapter One presents the theoretical tools used in this research, namely the concomitant concepts of intertextuality and genre: intertextuality focuses on how texts differ from one another, while genre theory highlights the resemblance existing between a set of texts. Taken together these concepts offer a balanced and multisided approach. Chapter Two presents the psalms and outlines its importance in Russian poetry. It also discusses Tsvetaeva's spiritual outlook. Chapter Three demonstrates that the integration of the generic intertext of psalms into Tsvetaeva's poetry results in the modification of their praying function: Tsvetaeva's psalm-like praises to God contain a veiled expression of doubt that is absent from the Psalter; another change of the praying function of psalms performed in Tsvetaeva's poetry consists in the implicit denunciation of the absence of a feminine voice. Chapter Four shows that Tsvetaeva's mixture of the psalmic intertext with the genre of diary-writing, epistolary writing and folk songs create a fruitful interaction between the universal tone of the psalmist and the private concerns voiced in diary, letters or folk laments. Chapter Five shows that in her poetry Tsvetaeva develops further some typical features of psalms such as the theme of the sacred land and that of God's passivity.
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Pavlović, Aleksandar. "From traditional to transitional texts : Montenegrin oral tradition and Vuk Karadžić’s Narodne srpske pjesme." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14346/.
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This thesis analyses the influence of literate culture on the corpus of Montenegrin oral epic songs published in Vuk Karadžić’s edition of Narodne srpske pjesme from 1823 to 1833. The Introduction places the research in the scholarly context of the Parry-Lord theory of oral composition, later analyses of transitional texts that contain both oral traditional and literary characteristics, and recent interest in the entire process of transcription, edition and publication of songs belonging to the oral tradition. This is followed by an outline of facts relevant to the social and political history of Montenegro, its epic tradition and earliest textual representation. The first chapter discusses in detail the concepts of oral traditional, transitional and nontraditional texts and offers a synthetic theoretical framework for the analysis of transitional South Slavonic oral songs, based on their phraseology, style, outlook and contextual evidences about their documentation and singers. In the second chapter, this is followed by a textual analysis of five genuine oral traditional Montenegrin songs from Karadžić’s collection and a discussion of their style, themes and overall perspective. In the third chapter, two songs about contemporary Montenegrin battles from the collection are analysed and identified as proper transitional texts; they contain a number of literary elements and were influenced by the Montenegrin ruler Bishop Petar I, but also retain to some extent the characteristics of traditional oral songs. The final chapter identifies nontraditional elements in the four songs that Karadžić wrote down from a literate Montenegrin singer Đuro Milutinović Crnogorac. It is argued that these songs combine a traditional style and outlook with elements distinct from local oral tradition, which the singer had adopted during his education and under the influence of Bishop Petar. The main conclusion of the thesis is that the earliest publication of Montenegrin oral tradition already contained a number of features of literary origin; two out of eleven songs are proper transitional texts, and four others display the influence of literate culture. These texts and features did not originate in the local oral tradition; rather, they were introduced by a literate singer close to the political leadership and then incorporated in the collection of oral traditional songs during the process of its literary documentation and representation. By revealing the complex socio-political framework giving rise to the early-nineteenth century collections of South Slavonic oral songs, this thesis makes a contribution to current research in the textualisation of the oral tradition, and provides a consistent model for the analysis of transitional texts in oral studies.
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Jinks, Sean Ernest. "Writing the unwritable : melancholia in the works of Mikhail Zoshchenko." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13998/.
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This study seeks to show how the literary legacy of Mikhail Zoshchenko (1894-1958) can productively be understood as a sustained textual engagement with the writer's own melancholia. Drawing equally on present-day critical approaches which increasingly emphasize the unity of life and art in the works of Zoshchenko, and on a psychoanalytically-influenced model of textual melancholia, this study posits and analyzes a melancholy component of the broader comic aesthetic that typified Zoshchenko's early work and on which, to a large degree, Zoshchenko's reputation still rests today. The study then proceeds to trace the development of this textual melancholia beyond its aesthetic representation in earlier works to show an increasingly direct discursive elaboration of the condition in works written after 1927. This evolution in the textual refraction of the writer's melancholia is shown to extend into the writer's later 'medical' works where they acquire a more or less explicit therapeutic function and become a kind of culturally nuanced Soviet language of melancholia. This development is contextualised by reference to Soviet conceptions of mental illness and a Soviet medical establislunent characterized by an unusually dominant physiological understanding of the mind. Throughout, the study aims to demonstrate how a reading of the Zoshchenko oeuvre in terms of melancholia can deepen and broaden critical understandings of this enigmatic writer, opening up a hitherto neglected ideational component of Zoshchenko's art.
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Norris, David A. "Time in the novels of Miloš Crnjanski." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13913/.
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This thesis is the first long work which focuses on the issue of time in Crnjanski's four major novels. It aims to demonstrate the complexity of time in his novels, in relation both to the organisation of narrative events, and to the characters' experience and perception of self. It shows ways in which Crnjanski's views on time are reflected in the language and construction of his novels. Part One, Chapter One, outlines the life and literary career of Milo. Crnjanski. It views his workagainst the background of modernism, and locates him in Serbian literary history. Part Two begins the discussion of time in Crnjanski's work in relation to his personal style known as sumatraism. Chapter Two focuses on two of his early essays, what they reveal about his approach to time, and identifies the principles of simultaneity and rhythm which characterise his thinking about time. The analysis emphasises time as a part of wider issues concerning language, the individual, values, and history in his novels. Chapter Three takes up the issue of time in relation to language and narrative structure in his early novels. Chapter Four continues the analysis of time in relation to narrative structure, and particularly in relation to the orchestration of voice in his later work. Part Three opens with discussion of major motifs in Crnjanski's novels which demonstrate the issue of identity as a constant theme. Chapter Five focuses on time in relation to identity and the problem of being-in-time as expressed in his first and last novels. Chapter Six continues the analysis of time and identity in his other two novels, viewing identity in the context of social institutions and history. Chapter Seven summarises the major conclusions arising from this analysis of time in Crnjanski's novels. The arguments presented are used to qualify statements concerning time in his novels which have been made by some commentators.
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France, Rose. "Mikhail Zoshchenko's "Michel Siniagin" : a critical study and translation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6568/.
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This thesis is a critical study and translation into English of Mikhail Zoshchenko's long story "Michel Siniagin", including a critical analysis of the text of "Michel Siniagin" in relation to other work by the same writer, and a discussion of the specific problems raised by Zoshchenko's work for the English language translator. The first chapter of the thesis is devoted to language and style in Zoshchenko's work. "Michel Siniagin" and the related cycle of "Sentimental Tales" are viewed in the context of the author's broader stylistic project. The chapter opens with a discussion of skaz in Zoshchenko's short stories as a reflection of early Soviet socio-linguistic reality and as an attempt to expand literary narrative beyond the discourse of the educated classes. It goes on to describe the emergence of a parodic semi-educated writer figure in the "Sentimental Tales", whose literary style parodies the democratisation of culture in post-revolutionary Russia and the attempts of those in authority to create a proletarian classical literature or "Red Lev Tolstoi". Some of the specific stylistic features of "Michel Siniagin" are then examined in greater detail. The second chapter explores some of the more important thematic elements of "Michel Siniagin" and the "Sentimental Tales". It aims to show the thematic continuity of Zoshchenko's work and to emphasise intertextual connections with contemporary literary developments and topical social and philosophical questions. This chapter also explores the autobiographical element in "Michel Siniagin" and looks at the significance for Zoshchenko of the real life beggar-poet Aleksandr Tiniakov, who served as the inspiration for the anti-hero Siniagin. The third chapter is devoted to the problems of literary translation. It begins with a defence of practical, critically engaged models of translation theory, arguing that when theory becomes divorced from practice, it tends to stray into abstract and perfectionist discourse and to distort the reality of translation as it actually happens. The chapter summarises recent arguments in favour of free/dynamic versus literal/formal translation strategies. It then examines how the specific nature of Zoshchenko' s work affects the translator's choice of strategy, comparing the effectivity of some previous translations of Zoshchenko' s short stories. The final part of this chapter looks at the problems posed by the deliberately clumsy prose style of Zoshchenko' s fictional "author" in "Michel Siniagin" and the "Sentimental Tales", compares my own translation with existing translations. It is argued that interference from foreign cultural associations is more detrimental to the humour and spirit of Zoshchenko' s work than interference from so-called "translationese".The penultimate chapter of the thesis explores the impact of self-censorship and censorship on Zoshchenko's work in general and on "Michel Siniagin" in particular, comparing different versions of the text of "Michel Siniagin" and describing amendments made to the text by Zoshchenko at manuscript stage and by editors at later stages in its history.
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Farmer, Rachel S. "The life and works of Vladimir Voinovich : the satirist as exile." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11582/.
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This study undertakes an examination of the life and works of the satirist Vladimir Voinovich, set in the context of satire in general, and in particular against the changing political, ideological and artistic background of the Soviet Union and the new Russia. It is demonstrated that in certain respects he is typical of his generation and in others an exception. The analysis shows how Voinovich's work gradually diverged from the accepted norms of Socialist Realism, leading him into conflict with the state and into increasingly satirical modes of expression. It is suggested that every satirist is to some extent an exile, since detachment is required from the society which is the object of the satirical impulse. The notion is studied that Voinovich became firstly an ideological exile, and compounded this with a form of chronological exile by expressing himself satirically at the `wrong' time, before consequently becoming also a geographical exile. Detailed attention is paid to his novel “Zhizn' i neobychainye prikliucheniia soldata Ivana Chonkina”, which proved to be a turning point in both his life and work. The hero of this novel has his pedigree in the Russian tradition of the plainspeaking fool Ivanushka-durachok who wins out in spite of circumstances, and it is suggested that he shares certain characteristics with his creator. The writing of Chonkin sealed Voinovich's fate as an emerging `dissident', and after its unauthorised publication abroad, he was persuaded to leave the Soviet Union. In emigration the question arose of how to engage relevantly with his readership in the rapidly changing Soviet Union. Despite the trauma of dislocation, Voinovich continued to write creatively in emigration and then in partial return to post-glasnost' Russia. The new Russia provides fertile ground for satire, but the returning satirist faces the question, now and in the future, of what type of expression is appropriate in a nascent democracy which he instinctively wishes to protect and support, rather than censure. Voinovich's solutions are diverse, and sometimes unexpected
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Piasecki, Bohdan A. "Anthologies of contemporary Polish poetry in English translation : paratexts, narratives, and the manipulation of national literatures." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55714/.
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Skomorokhova, Svetlana. ""Arising from the depths" (Kupala) : a study of Belarusian literature in English translation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57199/.
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Using Belarusian as a case study of a ‘minority’ European literature, this thesis explores the role of literary translation in the negotiation and promotion of a national identity (represented by two opposing discourses of “Old/European” and “New/Soviet” ‘Belarusianness’) as accomplished through translation from a lesser-known European tongue into the current global hegemonic language. In so doing, the research provides a wide historical panorama of all known literary translations from Belarusian to English, focusing on those published in the 20th and 21st centuries. While outlining the major tendencies of the translation process, the study considers the issues of both reception (focusing on the TL literary system) and representation (focusing on the negotiation of a Belarusian identity), recognising complex ideological, historical and political processes which accompany and, in many cases, predetermine translations and translation strategies. After examining the available terminology for the description of ‘minority’ in literary theory and translation studies, this research considers Belarus’ position as an Eastern European, post-Soviet country and discusses the case for the adoption of a postcolonial approach to the interpretation of ‘Belarusianness’. Another innovative aspect of the study lies in the contribution of a non-Western perspective to the current discussion of European minority languages in translation studies (Baer 2011; Branchadell and West 2005; Cronin 1995, 2003; Tymoczko 1995, 1999). A pioneering work on the history of Belarusian-English literary translation, this research defines several periods of translation activities: the ‘early’ translations of the 1890s – 1940s which mark the discovery of Belarusian folklore; the translations of the ‘Cold War’ period (1950s – 1980s) with two opposing ‘camps’ producing works provoked by nationalist (Western-based translations) or socialist (Soviet Union) ideologies; and, finally, the current post-independence period of Belarusian-English translation (1991-2012), with an analysis of the reasons for a relative inactivity. The evidence is based on a wide range of translations published as individual books and anthologies of poetry and prose, as well as those found in periodicals. It also includes previously unpublished findings from materials located in personal and national archives in Russia, Belarus, and the UK.
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Perinova, Jitka. "The construction of contemporary reality in selected works of Czech fiction : Emil Hakl and Jan Balabán." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5987/.
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At the beginning of the 1990’s, after a period of momentary confusion, when Czech literature seems to have temporarily lost its way in the newly establishing democratic society which emerged after the fall of communism a number of rather interesting and important writers appeared. Holding the memories of recent communist past and experiencing the historical turning point when Czech society rejoined the capitalist West, they produced an image of cultural and political initiation. They bore witness to the arrival of chaos, associated with regime change, to a crisis of personal values and a search for new ways of existence. This thesis analyzes the literary work of two contemporary Czech writers, Emil Hakl and Jan Balabán. It explores the way the reality of their narratives is shaped. It investigates the reality these narratives reflect, the reality these narratives create and the reality that the reader of these narratives re-creates on the basis of his/her knowledge of the world. The thesis considers the value judgments which are being made by Czech society through its contemporary literature about its post-communist present. The thesis also examines the question to what extent these narratives construct an image of contemporary Czech society. The thesis deals with the complete fiction written by Emil Hakl (b. 1958) and Jan Balabán (1961-2010), two popular and critically acclaimed Czech writers. The first part of the thesis analyzes Hakl’s fiction, in particular his debut Konec světa (The End of the World), a work which opens the world of Jan Beneš (Hakl’s real name), the narrating character of this text and also the narrating character of almost all the other texts written by Emil Hakl. The second part of the thesis focuses on the constructed and deconstructed world of Jan Balabán’s fiction. It deals with themes and motifs that appear and re-appear in the lives of Balabán’s male and female characters and explores individual characters whose lives have been shaped by their own personal breakdowns as well as by changes in the social and political conditions of the external world. The thesis analyzes Hakl’s and Balabán’s narratives from a narratological point of view. The thesis uses the semiotic and narratological approach (H. Porter Abbott, Mieke Bal, Seymour Chatman, Tomáš Kubíček and Gerald Prince), the post-structuralist approach (Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Julia Kristeva), the psychoanalytical approach (Jacques Lacan, Slavoj Žižek), the postmodern (Steven Connor), the theories dealing with the typology and the mythology of the novel and the city (Daniela Hodrová), the cultural approach (John Storey) and the approach of New Historicism (Louis A. Montrose, Hayden White).
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Young, Sarah J. "Reading, narrating, scripting : psycho-poetic strategies in Dostoevskii's Idiot." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11030/.
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The thesis examines the role played by the characters in the structuring of Dostoevskii's novel Idiot. Taking into account the author's lack of a fixed plan for the novel, it assumes a future as yet uncreated and susceptible to being influenced and shaped by the characters. It identifies the concept of ‘scripting', incorporating the strategies used by the protagonists to orchestrate their own lives and those of others, and thus to take control of the text, and the impulses behind these strategies. Both aspects are used to explore two connected issues; self-other interactions, connected primarily to the strategies employed, and the questions of faith and doubt faced by the characters, which are grounded in the same impulses as scripting. The concept of presentness links both areas. By looking in detail at the hero's and heroine's ideas and actions, how they affect each other and the other protagonists, the thesis examines how they steer the direction of the narrative and their primary motivation in doing so. Widening the focus to explore the implications of this analysis on the ethical and narrational planes, the thesis draws together the strands of scripting, presentness, self-other interactivity and problems of faith and doubt in order to discuss the nature of the ethical and narrational ideals posited by the novel, and the role these themes play in creating a sense of unity in the text, despite its unusual structuring.
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Miller, Lyndsay. "Artistic revisions in the works of Vladimir Nabokov." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30785/.
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Vladimir Nabokov, throughout a literary career spanning six decades, five countries, three languages, two continents and two calendars, was an inveterate reviser, constantly changing, translating and altering his own works. Indeed, Nabokov himself acknowledged that ‘even the dream I describe to my wife across the breakfast table is only a first draft’ (SO, xv). The very process of writing was, for Nabokov, inextricably linked with the act of revision. In his memoirs, for example, Nabokov compares his father’s handwritten texts, which were produced in ‘slanted, beautifully sleek, unbelievably regular hand, almost free of corrections’, against his ‘own mousy hand and messy drafts […] the massacrous revisions and rewritings, and new revisions, of the very lines in which I am taking two hours to describe a two-minute run of his flawless handwriting’ (SM, 139). This thesis will examine the deliberate, visible revisions, which Nabokov leaves purposefully within his fiction. The first category of revision, developmental revision, represents the evolutionary arc of central thematic matter within the author’s work. Secondly, fictional revisions are those implemented within the individual narratives of Nabokov’s texts, which are assigned as the work of Nabokov’s author-characters. Transtextual revision is carried out across texts and languages, creating links between individual works. Finally, extratextual revision, which is implemented to the individual text from an external vantage point, leads to the destabilisation of these texts as a result of Nabokov’s authorial intrusions. Taken together, these deliberately visible revisions destabilise the autonomy of texts, causing them to become incomplete. This results in a cohesive, self-reflexive oeuvre, within which all component parts can be seen together. This results in a dynamic model of oeuvre construction, which leads to the formation of what will be termed a ‘supertext’, that is a fully connected oeuvre, which has only its own self as reference.
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Da, Lio Giulia. "Narrare l'Albania in italiano : Dalla letteratura di immigrazione verso il colonialismo dell'immaginazione." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för franska, italienska och klassiska språk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190439.
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The aim of this thesis is to show how the contemporary critical debate on migrant literature in Italy has proved to be inadequate to grasp the complexity of novels such Onela Vorpsi’s The Land where No One Ever Dies and Anilda Ibrahimi’s Rosso come una sposa (“Red as a Bride”). The main critical trends are presented, the two novels are analysed in their themes and new methods of analysis are suggested. In particular, I open for the possibility of framing these two novels within the multidisciplinary debate on the imaginative colonisation of Eastern Europe.
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Liebschner, Andrea. "Russian social networks on the Web : cohesion and coherence in Vkontakte." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7674/.
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In this thesis connections between messages on the public wall of the Russian social network Vkontakte are analysed and classified. A total of 1818 messages from three different Vkontakte groups were collected and analysed according to a new framework based on Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) research into cohesion and Simmons’s (1981) adaptation of their classification for Russian. The two categories of textuality, cohesion and coherence, describe the linguistic connections between messages. The main aim was to find out how far the traditional categories of cohesion are applicable to an online social network including written text as well as multimedia-files. In addition to linguistic cohesion the pragmatic and topic coherence between Vkontakte messages was also analysed. The analysis of pragmatic coherence classifies the messages with acts according to their pragmatic function in relation to surrounding messages. Topic coherence analyses the content of the messages, describes where a topic begins, changes or is abandoned. Linguistic cohesion, topic coherence and pragmatic coherence enable three different types of connections between messages and these together form a coherent communication on the message wall. The cohesion devices identified by Halliday and Hasan and Simmons were found to occur in these texts, but additional devices were also identified: these are multimodal, graphical and grammatical cohesion.
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Reeve, Brian. "Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's use of the 'byliny' (Russian oral epic narratives) in his opera Sadko." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28574/.
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This thesis analyses the background in folk music, folk literature and folk art of Rimsky-Korsakov's sixth opera Sadko (1897). Attention is especially focused on the folk genre of the bylina, or Russian legendary and mythical oral epic narrative, from the field of which, uniquely in Russian opera, the plot of the opera is drawn. Furthermore, many incidental details of libretto and staging are derived from these epics, and, too, lengthy vocal extracts declaimed in the style of a typical Russian peasant bard. Rimsky-Korsakov also drew, however, on many other genres of folk music and folk art for his opera, and this thesis demonstrates that there is hardly one detail of this work, including cast list and stage directions, which does not derive from the Russian folk tradition. However, some critics have maintained that the measured oral unfolding of an epic narrative does not lend itself readily to adaptation for the stage, and that there are long periods of stasis in the action of the opera. The thesis rebuts this assertion by examining Rimsky-Korsakov's artistic and aesthetic conceptions, and by demonstrating that, through his adaptation of such epic material for the musical theatre, the composer was attempting to create a new genre of stage art, in which the conventional dramatic canons were to be set aside. This thesis, therefore, firstly analyses the genre of the bylina in detail, then studies Rimsky-Korsakov's background in the culture of his period, which led to his profound immersion in Russian folk culture. Subsequent to this, the other major sources of the opera Sadko are examined, as are Rimsky-Korsakov's collaboration with Mamontov's Private Opera Company, which premiered this work, owing to the composer's difficulties with the Imperial Theatres. Following an analysis of the score and libretto to ascertain how the composer incorporated his sources into his work, the thesis concludes with an evaluation of the alleged dramatic weakness and static quality of the score, and an analysis of whether the attempt to transfer an oral linear narrative to the stage was in fact successful.
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Zeschky, Jan Frederik. "Unlocking the psychology of character : imagery of the subconscious in the works of F.M. Dostoevskii." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/827/.
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This thesis examines imagery of the subconscious throughout the works of Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevskii and how it can be used to analyse the psychology of his characters and the author himself. While studies exist on the role of, for example, dreams in Dostoevskii’s works, this thesis aims to comprehensively examine the author’s experience and use of subconscious phenomena as a whole, and their most important role in his texts: their effect on the characters who experience them. In each chapter, one form of this imagery in Dostoevskii’s works is explained and analysed with respect to individual characters or themes, and then Dostoevskii’s own experiences of the relevant subconscious phenomenon are explored. Chapter 1 looks at imagery arising through characters’ daydreams, while the author’s recurrent theme of childhood memories is also analysed as a type of nostalgic daydream. Chapter 2 examines the ‘greyer’ area of dreamlike reality, which in itself operates at two poles: confusion between dream and reality; and reality so intense as to appear unreal. The role of the ‘unreal’ city of St Petersburg is also analysed, as well as Dostoevskii’s narrative mode of ‘fantastic realism’. Chapter 3 looks at characters’ hallucinations, while Chapter 4 focuses on the character of Goliadkin in Двойник and his decline into split personality. Chapter 5 analyses the imagery of dreams, be they of anxiety and warning, of catharsis and peripeteia, or those featuring Dostoevskii’s recurring motif of the ‘Golden Age’ of mankind. The final chapter differs slightly in form by focusing on the overarching condition of epilepsy. Analysis of the author’s principal epileptic character, Prince Myshkin in Идиот, reveals the ‘deepest’ point of subconscious imagery, the ecstatic aura. Upon examining the condition’s recorded effects on Dostoevskii, epilepsy is ultimately discerned as the origin of many of the author’s experiences of subconscious phenomena and, in turn, the imagery of the subconscious used in his works. Moreover, experiences of subconscious phenomena are found to be a vital source of literary inspiration and motivation for Dostoevskii; so the correlating imagery of the subconscious is thus able to reveal fictional characters’ deepest drives and can be used as a means to glean vital, otherwise unseen, insights into their psychology.
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Llamas, Gomez Noemi. "Francesc Payarols and Andreu Nin, agents of the Catalan polysystem : unmediated translations from Russian in the 1930s : a critical overview." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30794/.
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This thesis addresses the contribution of Francesc Payarols and Andreu Nin to the Catalan literary system between 1928 and 1937 via the introduction of unmediated translations from Russian into Catalan. This contribution has been studied by comparing it to previous translation activity from Russian into Catalan, to translations in literary systems that due to prestige and geographical proximity can be considered neighbouring systems to the Catalan system (the French, the British and the Spanish), and by reviewing some of the critical reception that these publications gathered in the Catalan press of the time. Selected terminology and theoretical concepts of Polysystem Theory (PST) have been used critically in the methodological framing. This study occupies the gap of knowledge in current scholarship around the work of Payarols, whilst also building on previous and contemporaneous research on Nin. The evolution of translation from Russian into Catalan is contextualised from its introduction in 1879 until the establishment of Edicions Proa in 1928, the platform from which Payarols and Nin published the majority of the texts studied. The role of the translators as agents of the system is particularly highlighted, given both the influence of their translations in creating examples of models of prose that autochthonous novelists could use, and the power of their textual choices outside of the primary authors (Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov). Joan Puig i Ferreter’s agency is also explored, as the figure behind Proa’s success and one of the main promoters of the reintroduction of novels into the literary repertoire in Catalan from the late 1920s. This research studies the unmediated Catalan translations of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, and a selection of nineteenth and twentieth century authors carried out by Payarols and Nin, and reviews some of the impact that these had upon Catalan writers such as Mercè Rodoreda, Sebastià Juan Arbó and Joan Sales. Overall, these translations largely exceeded the previous available items of Russian literature in Catalan, and in cases such as Dostoevsky and Chekhov, they established a textual presence to go with their already existing literary fame. This process establishes that power dynamics were in operation between these translators, and that Nin had higher esteem from the literary milieu, which in turn affected the prestige of the texts he was commissioned to translate. I then contribute to the debate on the mythologisation of Nin’s work by suggesting a revision of his texts, supported by a comparison with the recently revised versions of some of Payarols translations.
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Halimi, Mehdi. "La position de l'adjectif épithète dans le groupe nominal en français et en albanais." Paris, INALCO, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAL0004.
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Les langues germaniques ont fixé la position de l'adjectif épithète devant le substantif, l'albanais l'a placé derrière, alors pourquoi l'albanais ne le ferait-il pas ? Cette position en français étant toujours variable, tantôt devant et tantôt derrière le substantif (bien sûr, ceci n'est pas valable pour tous), pose de petits problèmes aux Français et aux étrangers francophones. C'est pour cela qu'un petit aperçu sur la provenance de ces deux langues nous a paru indispensable. Nous avons également eu besoin de bien connaître la terminologie utilisée. La découverte des sortes d'adjectifs épithètes nous a aidé d' essayer de trouver les raisons des positions différentes de cet adjectif en français ainsi que les concordances de l'albanais sur ce point là. Ces adjectifs peuvent être des relationnels, de couleur, de forme, d'origine nominale ou verbale ; ils peuvent également être monosyllabiques ou polysyllabiques. Suite à leur appartenance dans ces divisions, ils offrent parfois des sens différents par rapport à la position qu'ils occupent auprès du substantif. Il nous paraît que l'adverbe a également un certain rôle à jouer. La plupart des adjectifs épithètes ont toujours une position floue en français, ce qui fait que l'antéposition et la postposition sont toujours présentes, avec une prédominance plutôt importante de la deuxième. Cela n'empêche pas d'avoir des adjectifs épithètes avec une place fixe près d'un substantif, soit devant, soit derrière ; coordonnés ou juxtaposés. Tout cela a fait que cette question a été traitée par des spécialistes de tous les domaines, surtout par les linguistes. Ce problème a été abordé de différents côtés. Des linguistes, des siècles anciens, l'ont fait d'un point de vue plutôt non scientifiques ; d'autres, plus récents, d'un point de vue structuraliste ou sémantique, ainsi que du point de vue stylistique et pragmatique. Alors, existe-t-il une règle acceptable au choix de la position de l'adjectif en français ? - Quant à nous, il y a plusieurs choix qui la déterminentDid the Germanic languages fix the position of the adjective epithet before the substantive, did Albanian place it behind, then why French he would not make it ? This position in French being always variable, soon before and soon behind the substantive (of course, it is not valid for all), small problem pose to the French and to the French-speaking strangers. It is for it that we undertook such a research that is especially important that she/it also touches Albanian. From there, it comes out again that the comparative method is the one that predominated our research. A small preview on the source of these two languages appeared us indispensable. We also had need to really know the used terminology. The discovery of the ways of adjectives epithets, used to try to find the reasons of the positions different of this adjective in French as well as the concordances of Albanian on that point. These adjectives can be of the relational, of colour, of shape, of nominal or verbal origin ; they can be also monosyllabic or polysyllabic. Following their adherence in these divisions, their sometimes offer different senses in relation to the position that they occupy by the substantive. It appears us that the adverb also has a some role to play. Most adjectives epithets always have a fuzzy position in French, what makes that the anteposition and the postposition are always present, with a predominance rather important of the second. It doesn't prevent to have some adjectives epithets with a stationary place close to a substantive, either before, either behind ; coordinated juxtaposed either. All it made that this question has been called by specialists all domains, especially by the linguists. This problem has been landed of different sides. Of the linguists, of the old centuries, rather made it of a point of view unscientific, of others, more recent, from a structuralist or semantic view point, as well as from a stylistic and pragmatic view point. Does an acceptable solution exist then, to this phenomenon ? For us only one rule of after which we could choose the position of the adjective epithet in French doesn't exist. On the other hand, there are several choices. It is in relation to what we want to say, and in relation to the means that we use to say it, that these choices intervene in turns
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Birken-Silverman, Gabriele. "Phonetische, morphosyntaktische und lexikalische Varianten in den palermitanischen Mundarten und im Sikuloalbanischen von Piana degli Albanesi /." Wilhelmsfeld : G. Egert, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35536518f.
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Dobson, Julia. "The theatre of the self : poetic identity in the plays of Helene Cixous and Marina Tsvetaeva." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11092/.
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This comparative study of the theatre of Helene Cixous and Marina Tsvetaeva proposes a reading of their plays as a coherent corpus engaged specifically with the representation of poetic identity. Tsvetaeva's and Cixous' plays present a diverse range of characters who can be identified as poet-selves and who struggle to assert their identity in hostile environments. An inherent link is established between the thematic and the generic. Cixous' and Tsvetaeva's adoption of the theatre as genre in which to develop their conceptualisations of poetic identity is shown to be important to the thematic contexts in which the poet-selves are constructed. This study defines four elements: language, exile, sexual difference and Greek mythology, which are shown to be common to the representation of poetic identity in Tsvetaeva's and Cixous' plays. Each element is addressed in turn in Chapters Two to Five and its role in both writers' constructions of poetic identity in their individual plays is explored and problematised. The conclusion evaluates the radical nature of Cixous' and Tsvetaeva's dramatisations of poetic identity in the context of the representation of the female poet and discusses the evolution of this theme in a chronological approach to their theatre.
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Franklin, Sebastian. "The major and the minor on political aesthetics in the control society." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2372/.
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This thesis examines the crucial diagnostic and productive roles that the concepts of minor and major practice, two interrelated modes of cultural production set out by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in Kafka: toward a Minor Literature (1975), have to play in the present era of ubiquitous digital technology and informatics that Deleuze himself has influentially described as the control society. In first establishing the conditions of majority and majority, Deleuze and Guattari's historical focus in Kafka is the early twentieth century period of Franz Kafka's writing, a period which, for Deleuze, marks the start of a transition between two types of society – the disciplinary society described by Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish and the control society that is set apart by its distribution, indifferent technical processes and the replacement of the individual with the dividual in social and political thought. Because of their unique conceptual location, at the transition between societies, the concepts of majority and minority present an essential framework for understanding the impact of ubiquitous digital technology and informatics on cultural production in the twentieth century and beyond. In order to determine the conditions of contemporary major and minor practice across the transition from disciplinary to control societies, the thesis is comprised of two interconnecting threads corresponding to majority and minority respectively. Drawing on the theoretical work of Deleuze and Guattari, Friedrich Kittler and Fredric Jameson alongside pioneering figures in the historical development of computation and informatics (Alan Turing, Claude Shannon and others), material observation on the technical function of digital machines, and the close examination of emblematic cultural forms, I determine the specific conditions of majority that emerge through the development of the contemporary control era. Alongside this delineation of the conditions of majority I examine the prospective tactics, corresponding to the characteristics of minority set out by Deleuze and Guattari in Kafka, which emerge as a contemporary counter-practice within the control-era. This is carried out through the close observation of key examples of cultural production in the fields of literature, film, video, television and the videogame that manifest prospective tactics for a control-era minor practice within the overarching technical characteristics of the control-era major. Through an examination of these interrelated threads the thesis presents a framework for both addressing the significant political and cultural changes that ubiquitous computation effects in constituting the contemporary control society and determining the ways in which these changes can be addressed and countered through cultural production.
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Dematagoda, Udith Haritha. "'The loathsome tint of social intent' : ideology and aesthetics in the work of Vladimir Nabokov, 1926-1939." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7137/.
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This thesis is dedicated to the proposition that ideology is a spectrum through which the work of Vladimir Nabokov has not previously been considered. It is the first unambiguous attempt at a reading which foregrounds questions of politics and ideology, and one which does not conform to the intentional narrative of the author’s self-designated political provenance. In this sense, it represents an original contribution to the field. The work of Louis Althusser, in addition to other critics under the aegis of Marxist criticism such as Pierre Macherey and Fredric Jameson, are used to interrogate issues of ideology in Nabokov’s early career; a period between 1926-1939 which coincides with the publication of his first Russian novel to the completion of his first in English.
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Bonnet, Guillaume. "Emprunts et adaptations des mots latins en albanais : phonétique et morphologie." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040295.
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On s'est employe dans ce travail a soumettre le vocabulaire albanais recu generalement comme d'origine latine a une enquete phonetique et morphologique. Celle-ci reposant sur le postulat d'une coherence des traitements phonetiques, il a ete possible de trouver des elements discriminants permettant d'etablir sur des bases plus solides l'extension du corpus des mots effectivement latins. Ce faisant, on a pu remonter partiellement la chaine des evolutions phonetiques subies par l'albanais, et presenter une image, quoiqu'incomplete, des systemes vocalique et consonantique de l'albanais a l'epoque des contacts avec le latin. Il apparait en definitivce que la situation linguistique confuse des balkans modernes est bien anterieurs a la periode de l'occupation turqueIn this work, the albanian vocabulary usually said to be of latin has been subjected to a completely renewed phonetic and morphologic enquiry, the aim of which was to define more precisely the extension of latin influence upon albanian. Starting from the postulate that all the words have been put through coherent phonetic changes or adaptations, this work ends with a new file of borrowed words. By doing so, it has been also possible to give an idea of proto-albanian phonologic system at the time of the linguistic contacts between albanian ancestors and latin-speeking people, which is not of minor interest for albanology. It fanally appears that the very confuse linguistic situation of the balkan peninsula is to be reported to a pre-ottoman time
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Blakqori, Teutë. "Le groupe nominal en albanais : morphologie, syntaxe, interprétation." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/175828784#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de décrire le syntagme nominal en albanais en cherchant à corréler les effets sémantiques observés aux propriétés morphosyntaxiques. Selon les grammaires albanaises traditionnelles, le nom apparaît sous deux formes différentes : la première qui est appelée « la forme déterminée » (e shquar), et la deuxième « la forme indéterminée » (e pashquar). L’examen d’une quantité d’exemples, attestés et forgés, révèle que même la forme « indéterminée » peut donner lieu à une interprétation « définie », et que les propriétés morphologiques et distributionnelles des noms « indéterminés » permettent de les rapprocher de ce que les chercheurs travaillant sur d'autres langues à articles ont appelé les noms nus (sans déterminant anglais bare nouns). La comparaison des noms « indéterminés » albanais et des « noms nus » décrits dans d’autres langues permet de dégager des propriétés précises. Une partie importante de ce travail est consacrée aussi aux trois sujets suivants : (i) le DP défini, donnant lieu à trois interprétations : défini fort, faible et générique ; (ii) le DP démonstratif ; et (iii) l’article de connexion (AC), analysé comme un marqueur d’accord signalant le déplacement d’un NP à gauche d’un modifieurThe goal of this dissertation is to provide a description of the noun phrase and to correlate interpretation and morphosyntax. Traditional grammars of Albanian distinguish between two surface forms of the noun: a "determined" form (e shquar) and a determinerless/ "undetermined" form (e pashquar). Two observations may be made from the data (both drawn from attested texts or discourse, and elicited), namely, that contrary to expectation, a some "undetermined" noun phrases are open to "definite" readings and (ii) that, to some extent, the distribution of "undetermined" noun phrases corresponds to that of bare nouns in other languages. The analysis of Albanian determinerless noun phrases as bare nouns sheds some light on their distributional and interpretative properties. The present study is also concerned with the following topics: (i) the interpretations available for definite DPs — weak definite, strong definite and generic (ii) demonstrative noun phrases (iii) the ‘connective article’, which I analyse as an agreement marker signalling that an inflected noun phrase has raised to the left of some modifier
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Rudeforth, Helen Elizabeth. "Words, ideas and music : a study of Tchaikovsky's last completed work, the Six Songs, Opus 73." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/666/.
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This study focuses on P.I. Tchaikovsky's last completed work, the richly symbolic Six Songs, Opus 73. It demonstrates for the first time how Tchaikovsky's significant literary talents impacted on his song output in general, and on this cycle of songs in particular, providing us also with new insights into his personality. The composer selected and sequenced the poems used for the Opus 73 set to form the cycle of texts himself. The resulting songs are underpinned by a network of internal connections, which parallel the techniques used in the original poems in remarkable ways and link subtly with coded fate messages found elsewhere in the composer's output. The study presents evidence which enhances Pyotr Il'ich's reputation as a skilled manipulator of words, ideas and music.
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Warth-Szczyglowska, Magdalena Malgorzata. "Colour and semantic change : a corpus-based comparison of English green and Polish zielony." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5690/.
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The purpose of my research is to investigate the processes and mechanisms of semantic change in two basic colour terms: green in English and zielony in Polish. My research methodology focuses on existing English and Polish corpora, namely the British National Corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the National Corpus of Polish. I analyze my data both synchronically and diachronically (comparing two periods of time: 1985-1994, 2001-2010). My study also evaluates the use of corpus evidence for the purpose of investigating the processes of semantic change. Various factors have caused the Basic Colour Terms (BCTs) green and zielony to form metaphorical and metonymical meanings that have been conventionalised in English and Polish respectively. These processes have long played an important role in our understanding of the surrounding world. Investigating semantic changes in these two colour terms and two periods of time is key to my cross-cultural research, and this entails answering the questions: Why do green and zielony develop different senses? What are the similarities and differences between these two colour terms? How have these two terms developed and might they develop new senses in future? Are metonymy and metaphor the only mechanisms of semantic change in green and zielony? The semantic change of each colour term is shown through a network of meanings, where all the different meanings of green and zielony are presented together with their stages of development in the form of codes. Additionally each stage is a separate prototype. The aim of the network is to show the etymological prototype and various senses (new prototypes) developing from this original sense. Moreover the number of occurrences of each prototype might indicate which meaning or meanings are most common or even central in a given language at a certain point in time. The network of meanings is a visual representation of semantic change and processes involved in it. A very detailed analysis of corpus examples provides an insight into the uses of green and zielony in English and Polish respectively. The data are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Such an approach offers a thorough analysis of the two terms in question.
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Lilo, Raul. "La mobilité lexicale en français et en albanais contemporains : étude linguistique et didactique." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30077.
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La métamorphose des sociétés dans tous les domaines, contraint les langues modernes à s'ajuster sans cesse à de nouveaux besoins langagiers. La langue française et celle albanaise ne font pas exception à la règle. Toute langue vivante intègre un composant néologique. À réalité nouvelle, vocable nouveau. Les nouveaux vocables qui illustrent la la néologie et la mobilité lexicale, relèvent de trois grands types : la néologie de forme, la néologie de sens et la néologie par emprunt. À toute époque de l'histoire du français et de l'albanais, il y a eu des néologismes mais, seuls nous frappent les nouvelles unités lexicales qui nous sont contemporains. Écrire l'histoire d'une langue, c'est décrire l'histoire de sa néologie. Par ailleurs, la néologie lexicale doit trouver sa place dans l'enseignement du vocabulaire de la langue étrangèreThe metamorphosis of our society within the frame of their respective fields makes the modern languages adapt themselves continuously to the new linguistic needs. Albanian and French are no exceptions to this principle. Every modern language involves the neological component. A new denomination should be identified for every newly-emerging reality. The principal types representing the neologisms and lexical mobility are: formal neologisms, semantic neologisms, and loans. Neologisms have appeared at every stage of the development of French and Albanian, but it is only the contemporary neologisms that are more conspicuous. Writing about the history of a certain language is equal to writing about the history of its neologisms. In addition, it should even be reflected in teaching the respective foreign language vocabulary
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Taylor, Ben. "Bakhtin, carnival and comic theory." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11052/.
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In Rabelais and His World, Mikhail Bakhtin presents us both with a theory of carnival, and with an account of the historical decline of the carnivalesque since the Renaissance. This thesis uses Bakhtin's work as a point of departure for an analysis of particular moments in the history of post-Renaissance comic theory. It is argued both Bakhtin's account of carnivalesque decline provides us with a potent framework within which to perform such an analysis, and that this in turn facilitates a thorough interrogation of, and engagement with, Bakhtin's theory of carnival. Chapter One outlines Bakhtin's theory, identifying its historical and utopian dimensions, and exploring some of the problems which it generates. Chapter Two addresses some of the methodological issues relating to a historical analysis of comic theory, and situates Bakhtin's theory of carnival in relation to recent work in the area of comic theory. The remaining chapters focus on particular comic theory texts in the light of Bakhtin's thesis. Chapter Three contrasts Kant's analysis of humour with Schopenhauer's theory, relating the former to its Enlightenment context and the latter to its Romantic context. Chapter Four explores Bergson's discussion of laughter, situating it in relation to modernism, while Chapter Five reviews Freud's theory of jokes, examining the proximity between the structures of carnival and the structures of the Freudian joke. Chapter Six focuses on a Brechtian theory of comedy, assessing its relationship with the carnivalesque tradition, while Chapter Seven attempts to update Bakhtin's thesis in relation to contemporary configurations by exploring recent arguments concerning the comic credentials of postmodern culture. It is argued in conclusion that, if post-Renaissance culture has witnessed a decline in the significance of the carnivalesque, then the trajectory of that decline has undergone' a complex series of historical shifts and reversals.
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PERNASKA, REMI. "La syntaxe de l'enonce en albanais contemporain (la syntaxe des formes atones des pronoms personnels)." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070049.
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La these s'attarde a etudier les phenomenes syntaxiques lies a ce qu'on appelle traditionnellement "repetition, reprise, redoublement de l'objet par une forme atone des pronoms personnels", par des clitiques, en linguistique albanaise, en balkanologie et dans l'etude des langues romanes qui connaissent ce phenomene. L'auteur fournit une description detaillee des cas ou: i. L'enonce comporte a la fois l'objet et la forme atone; 2. Seule apparaitre la forme atone; 3. Seul apparait l'objet. Cette analyse aboutit a la conclusion que les formes atones ne sont plus de nature pronominale, et ne doivent plus etre traitees comme pronoms, mais plutot comme quasi-morphemes verbaux s'accordent avec l'objet, comme les terminaisons verbales s'accordent avec le sujet: traiter la question en termes de redoublement, c'est poser un faux probleme. Les verbes transitifs se construisent donc avec une place vide a valider que n'ont pas les verbes intransitifs. Les "formes atones des pronoms personnels" vont alors signaler la presence ou l'abscence d'un objet et s'eriger en marques de transitivite mais aussi en marque d'accord casuel elles sont strictement obligatoires avec l'objet indirect au datif et contraintes par des regles precises avec l'objet direct a l'accusatifThe present dissertation deals with the syntactic phenomena called reduplication in the linguistic study of albanian, of balkan language and of romance languages where they occur, the object being reduplicated by an unstressed form of the personal pronoun. The author provides a description of the cases where i. The utterance includes the object and the unstressed form of the pronoun 2. Only the unstressed form occurs; 3. Only the object occurs. This analysis leads to the conclusion that unstressed forms are no longer of a pronominal nature and must be considered as quasi-morphemes, a greeing in person, number and case with the object, just as verb endings agree with the subject. Transitive verb forms appear to include an empty slot to be filled which intransitive verbs don't. Unstrassed forms of personal pronouns thus become verb markers of the presence or absence of the object (hence of transitivity vs. Intransitivity) but also of case, as is always the case for the dative object and, in definite cases, for the accusative object
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Birken-Silverman, Gabriele. "Sprachkontakt italienisch-albanisch in Kalabrien : die italienischen Lehnwörter in den kalabroalbanischen Mundarten des Cratitals : Handwerks-, Land- und Hauswirtschaftsterminologie /." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin : P. Lang, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37661459m.
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Katz, Elena M. "Representations of 'the Jew' in the writings of Nikolai Gogol, Fyodor Dostoevsky and Ivan Turgenev." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/50605/.
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The image of 'the Jew' in nineteenth-century Russian literary texts is traditionally viewed as a paradigm of anti-Semitic discourse. Critics have typically accentuated the presence and continuity of negative stereotypes of the Jews. Yet anti-Semitic discourse is not the only approach to the representation of the Jews in Russian literature. This study explores the manifold nature of the portrayal of 'the Jew' in the works of three Russian writers of the highest calibre: Gogol, Dostoevsky and Turgenev. Literature at the time was highly politicized and a writer was expected to examine the issues of the day from an ideological stance. This meant that a writer's fictional representation of 'the Jew' was treated by many as an illustration of Jews' qualities in real life. After the partitions of Poland in the eighteenth century, Russia acquired a large Jewish population. These new Jewish subjects were confined to the Pale of Settlement, which restricted their rights of residence in Russia proper. That in itself meant that the majority of Jews were invisible to Russian society. Writers mainly used Western literary patterns in describing 'the Jew'. Nevertheless, in using traditional mythic stereotypes of the Jews they not only applied the familiar framework of Western authors but also created images based on specifically Russian culture. Moreover, at different periods of the century 'the Jew' was endowed with traits uncharacteristic of previous myths. The writers' constructions of 'the Jew' thus became complex and flexible. In order to investigate the complex constructions of 'the Jew' the following matters are discussed: (1) the depiction of 'the Jew' by these three writers in conjunction with their understanding of their own identity, events occurring during their lifetime, and stereotypical frames of reference for the Jews; (2) the degree of controversy in their representations; (3) their use of the image of 'the Jew' to define the essential qualities of the Russian.
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Ciofu, Natalia. "Internal punishment : a psychoanalytical reading of F.M. Dostoevsky's 'Crime and Punishment' (1866), L. Rebreanu's 'Ciuleandra' (1927) and P. Ackroyd's 'Hawksmoor' (1985)." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22365/.
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This doctoral thesis examines the representations and dynamics of crime and inner punishment in a range of European literary works of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: F.M. Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment (Преступлeние и наказaние, 1866), L. Rebreanu’s Ciuleandra (1927) and P. Ackroyd’s Hawksmoor (1985), while tracing the developments of crime fiction and the changes in criminal legal system over the span of one hundred and nineteen years. Utilising the methodology of comparative literature, I argue that the interiorized punishment - which I identify, after Foucault, as a new episteme - is a narrative thread that runs through all three novels, and informs much other writings in the same period. Informed by different socio-cultural, temporal, political, and stylistic backgrounds, each novelist utilizes distinct narrative techniques and strategies to configure their protagonists in such a way that permits the reader to get an insight into their psyches. The present study locates the literary tendency to fuse the character of the protagonist/hero and the perpetrator/anti-hero into one narrative entity and examines the literary representation of the factors that trigger the guilt or need for punishment in this entity. To this end, I focus on the narrative structure, temporal framework, geographical setting as well as the protagonists’ relations with other characters within the texts. The idea of self-punishment, its representations and manifestations, is explored through the lens of psychoanalytical theories of Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein, Jacques Lacan and Otto Rank. My psychoanalytical readings of the texts are furthermore complemented by the theoretical frameworks offered by Mikhail Bakhtinʼs theory of polyphony, Linda Hutcheonʼs account of historiographic metafiction and relevant philosophical perspectives such as Søren Kierkegaardʼs and Jean-Paul Sartreʼs existentialisms.