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Journal articles on the topic 'Alcohol control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Bruckner, Donald W. "Gun Control and Alcohol Policy." Social Theory and Practice 44, no. 2 (2018): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract20185834.

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Hugh LaFollette, Jeff McMahan, and David DeGrazia endorse the most popular and convincing argument for the strict regulation of firearms in the U.S. The argument is based on the extensive, preventable harm caused by firearms. DeGrazia offers another compelling argument based on the rights of those threatened by firearms. My thesis is a conditional: if these usual arguments for gun control succeed, then alcoholic beverages should be controlled much more strictly than they are, possibly to the point of prohibition. The argument for this thesis involves developing a careful analogy between firearms and alcohol and defending the analogy against objections.

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2

Gil, Artyom, Sergey Savchuk, Svetlana Appolonova, Andrey Allenov, and Ruslan Khalfin. "AVAILABILITY OF NON-BEVERAGE ALCOHOLS IN RUSSIA IN 2015-2020: WERE CONTROL POLICIES IMPLEMENTED SINCE 2005 EFFECTIVE?" Journal of Law, Public Policies, and Human Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 08–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/jlpphs.v02.n02.pgi.08.2021.

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Consumption of non-beverage alcohol is an important aspect of hazardous drinking, impacting mortality from various causes of death. Since 2005, non-beverage alcohols in Russia have been the subject of active regulation to control their consumption for drinking. This study was purported to determine whether non-beverage alcohols were available in Russia in 2015–2020 to assess the effectiveness of implemented control policies. During the first wave of the survey between 2015 and 2017, 50 Russian cities of various sizes, types, and locations were surveyed. The second wave was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in 5 cities, which were surveyed during the first wave. Fieldworkers visited various retail outlets and purchased samples of non-beverage alcohols: spirituous liquids with an ethanol content of at least 60% by volume sold at a price of less than 45 roubles per bottle ($0.57, €0.49, £0.44). Up until 2016 various types of non-beverage alcohols known as consumed for drinking were available in retail. The availability of these alcohols differed between cities depending on the level of local enforcement of control regulations. The regulations enacted in response to the 2016 Irkutsk outbreak of mass alcohol poisonings, caused by the consumption of methanol containing fake bath additive “Hawthorn”, removed from the market several types of non-beverage alcohols, significantly reducing their availability since 2017. However, low-cost ethanol sources, such as medicinal tinctures, antiseptics, not denatured eau-de-colognes, remained available in 2017-2020, while new sorts of cheap non-beverage alcohols suitable for drinking were introduced to the market (antiseptics for veterinary use, anti-SARS-CoV-2 hand sanitizers). Illegal alcoholic beverages commonly produced from diverted pharmaceutical/medicinal ethanol were also available in retail networks selling non-beverage alcohols. Since 2005, policies implemented and especially those reinforced and newly enacted in 2017 and later in response to the 2016 Irkutsk outbreak, may have indeed reduced the physical availability of non-beverage alcohols. However, more decisive action is still required to prevent consumption of newly appearing and existing specific sorts of non-beverage alcohols and illegal alcoholic beverages, which are commonly produced from the licit or diverted from the legal market unrecorded illicit pharmaceutical/medicinal ethanol.

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3

Österberg, Esa. "Effects of Alcohol Control Measures on Alcohol Consumption." International Journal of the Addictions 27, no. 2 (January 1992): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089209068738.

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4

Fortunato, Franco, Xiaoying Deng, Lawrence K. Gates, Craig J. McClain, Daniel Bimmler, Rolf Graf, and David C. Whitcomb. "Pancreatic response to endotoxin after chronic alcohol exposure: switch from apoptosis to necrosis?" American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 290, no. 2 (February 2006): G232—G241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00040.2005.

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Chronic alcohol consumption is known to increase the susceptibility to acute and chronic pancreatitis, and it is likely that a cofactor is required to initiate the progression to alcoholic pancreatitis. The severity and complications of alcoholic and nonalcoholic acute pancreatitis may be influenced by a number of cofactors, including endotoxemia. To explore the effect of a possible cofactor, we used endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] as a tool to induce cellular injury in the alcoholic pancreas. Single, increasing doses of endotoxin were injected in rats fed an alcohol or control diet and killed 24 h after the injection. We examined the mechanism by which LPS exacerbates pancreatic injury in alcohol-fed rats and whether the injury is associated with apoptosis or necrosis. We showed that chronic alcohol exposure alone inhibits apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway and the downstream apoptosis executor caspase-3 compared with the controls. Pancreatic necrosis and inflammation increased after LPS injection in control and alcohol-fed rats in a dose-dependent fashion but with a significantly greater response in the alcohol-fed animals. Caspase activities and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling positivity were lower in the alcoholic pancreas injected with LPS, whereas the histopathology and inflammation were more severe compared with the control-fed animals. Assessment of a putative indicator of necrosis, the ratio of ADP to ATP, indicated that alcohol exposure accelerates pancreatic necrosis in response to endotoxin. These findings suggest that the pancreas exposed to alcohol is more sensitive to LPS-induced damage because of increased sensitivity to necrotic cell death rather than apoptotic cell death. Similar to the liver, the pancreas is capable of responding to LPS with a more severe response in alcohol-fed animals, favoring pancreatic necrosis rather than apoptosis. We speculate that this mechanism may occur in acute alcoholic pancreatitis patients.

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5

Di, Shuyu, and Shumei Di. "The Development and Implementation of Alcohol Plant Fan Drying Control System." International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 4, no. 2 (February 2014): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2014.v4.361.

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6

Cook, Philip J., and Michael J. Moore. "The Economics Of Alcohol Abuse And Alcohol-Control Policies." Health Affairs 21, no. 2 (March 2002): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.120.

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7

Fogarty, James J. "A review of alcohol consumption and alcohol control policies." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 1, no. 2 (June 12, 2009): 110–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17554210910962503.

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8

Carpenter, C. S., C. Dobkin, and C. Warman. "The Mechanisms of Alcohol Control." Journal of Human Resources 51, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 328–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/jhr.51.2.0314-6240r.

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9

Luy, J. C., and J. M. Parera. "Acidity control in alcohol dehydration." Applied Catalysis 26 (January 1986): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)82559-2.

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10

Lang, T., P. Degoulet, B. Billaut, F. Aim??, C. Devri??s, C. Fouriaud, and M. C. Jacquinet-Salord. "Alcohol Consumption and Hypertension Control." Journal of Hypertension 4, no. 5 (October 1986): 646–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-198610000-00038.

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11

Duffy, John C. "Alcohol Consumption and Control Policy." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) 156, no. 2 (1993): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2982729.

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12

&NA;. "Alcohol can control hepatoma bleeding." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 753 (September 1990): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007530-00018.

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13

Chick, J. D., J. S. Gill, and H. Black. "Ways to control alcohol price." BMJ 341, dec20 2 (December 20, 2010): c7007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c7007.

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14

Markowitz, Sara, Alison Cuellar, Ryan M. Conrad, and Michael Grossman. "Alcohol control and foster care." Review of Economics of the Household 12, no. 4 (May 23, 2013): 589–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-013-9198-5.

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15

Seo, Seonwha, Sungsoo Chun, Maxine Newell, and Mieun Yun. "Korean public opinion on alcohol control policy: A cross-sectional International Alcohol Control study." Health Policy 119, no. 1 (January 2015): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2014.10.016.

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16

Ham, Ju Ri, Ra-Yeong Choi, Hae-In Lee, and Mi-Kyung Lee. "Protective Effects of Methoxsalen Supplementation on Chronic Alcohol-induced Osteopenia and Steatosis in Rats." Molecules 25, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051177.

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Osteopenia or osteoporosis occurs frequently in alcoholics and patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methoxsalen (MTS), 8-methoxypsoralen, improved osteoporosis in ovariectomized and diabetic mouse models; however, its effects on alcohol-induced osteopenia and steatosis have not been reported. This study examined the effects of MTS on alcohol-induced bone loss and steatosis. Rats in the alcohol groups were fed a Liber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 36% of its calories as alcohol. MTS was at 0.005% in their diet, while alendronate (positive control; 500 μg/kg BW/day) was administered orally for eight weeks. The pair-fed group received the same volume of isocaloric liquid diet containing dextrin-maltose instead of alcohol as the alcohol control group consumed the previous day. In the alcohol-fed rats, the MTS and alendronate increased the bone volume density, bone surface density and trabecular number, while the bone specific surface, trabecular separation and structure model index were decreased in the tibia. MTS down-regulated tibial tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 (TRAP) expression compared to the alcohol control group. MTS or alendronate prevented chronic alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and the triglyceride level in the alcohol-fed rats by decreasing the lipogenic enzyme activities and increasing the fatty acid oxidation enzyme activities. MTS reduced significantly the serum levels of alcohol, TRAP and tumor necrosis factor-α compared to the alcohol control group. Overall, these results suggest that MTS is likely to be an alternative agent for alcoholic osteopenia and hepatosteatosis.

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17

Karlsson, Thomas, and Esa Österberg. "A scale of formal alcohol control policy in 15 European countries." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 18, no. 1_suppl (February 2001): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250101801s01.

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Thomas Karlsson & Esa Österberg: A scale of formal alcohol control policy in 15 European countries As part of the alcohol control policy analysis of the ECAS project, this article reviews and discusses previous attempts to measure the strictness of alcohol control policies and to conduct a similar analysis in the ECAS countries. Based on the knowledge gathered from previous studies, we have created a scale of our own to measure the strictness of alcohol control policies and have applied it to the countries included in the ECAS project. The scales reviewed in this article and the scale we have constructed only measure the strictness of formal alcohol control. Drawing on the results of the ECAS scale, it seems that formal alcohol control in the EU member states has become stricter during the second half of the twentieth century. In the 1950s only three of the 15 countries were classified as having “high alcohol control”. In the year 2000 the number of high alcohol control countries had increased to six. The number of countries with low alcohol control had decreased from nine to zero between 1950 and 2000. Comparing the scores in the different countries or the average scores in all the ECAS countries over time is, however, problematic because the changes in these numbers reflect two different trends. On the one hand, there has been a decrease in the control of production and sales of alcoholic beverages or the regulation on alcohol availability. On the other hand, alcohol control measures targeted at demand or alcohol-related problems have become more prevalent. This means that alcohol control policies have become more similar in the ECAS countries in the second half of the twentieth century. Because of the limitations of the scale, however, we have to make certain reservations about the results and be very careful not to draw too far-reaching conclusions based solely on the results and rankings on the ECAS scale or any other scale for that matter. The scale and the results should therefore be considered as yet another attempt to quantify and rank alcohol control policies according to their strictness and not as an attempt to provide a perfect solution to a mission impossible.

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18

Schrad, M. Lawrence. "Toward a Comparative Analysis of State Alcohol-Control Systems: The Triadic Model." Contemporary Drug Problems 32, no. 2 (June 2005): 195–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090503200203.

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Given the particular dynamics associated with alcohol-control systems across national and temporal contexts, there exists a tremendous potential for studying alcohol-control systems in a comparative context. This can best be done by analyzing the interplay of the effects of particular alcohol-control measures on three sectors: public health and social order, private profit, and government revenue. The article develops a new, zero-sum model to facilitate such analysis by permitting a greater comparative analysis of alcohol-control systems in the abstract. A triadic model depicts the benefits to these three potential recipients of the state-regulated trade in alcoholic beverages and other controlled substances, and describes how particular initiatives may sway the balance toward or away from each of the players. The model has the potential to widen understanding of how legislation and social action affect the benefits of the alcohol trade in a controlled environment, and it may provide a useful framework for future research.

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19

Wöber, C., Ç. Wöber-Bingöl, A. Karwautz, A. Nimmerrichter, L. Deecke, and O. M. Lesch. "Postural control and lifetime alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent patients." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 99, no. 1 (January 29, 2009): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1999.tb00657.x.

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20

Rehm, Jürgen, Jakob Manthey, Shannon Lange, Robertas Badaras, Ingrida Zurlyte, Jonathon Passmore, João Breda, Carina Ferreira‐Borges, and Mindaugas Štelemėkas. "Alcohol control policy and changes in alcohol‐related traffic harm." Addiction 115, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.14796.

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21

Senthil, M. "FAMILY INTERACTION PATTERN AND CO-DEPENDENCY IN SPOUSES OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IN COMPARISON WITH NORMAL CONTROL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2822.

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Alcoholism is destructive to those closest to the alcoholic, and it affects families in several different ways. Many times, rehabilitating an alcoholic is only one part of the process of healing a home. Family members may also need support and counseling. Families with alcohol dependent suffer from a range of problems. Spouses can live in constant conflict. The present study aim was to compare the family interaction and codependency in spouses of alcohol dependence in comparison with normal control. It was a cross sectional study and purposive sampling method was used. Sample consisted of 30 spouses of individuals with alcohol dependence and 30 spouses of normal individuals. Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire was administered on the patient and General Health Questionnaire was administered on spouses for screening purpose. Socio-demographic data sheet, Family Interaction Pattern scale, and Co-dependency Scale were administered on the spouse of both groups. The data was analyzed using SPSS.16. The result revealed that spouses of individuals with alcohol dependence Syndrome had significantly higher scores in Family Interaction Pattern Scale; especially in the domains of reinforcement and role as compared to spouses of normal individuals. It also suggested that the level of codependency was significantly higher to the spouses of individuals with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome as compared to spouses of normal individuals.

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22

Zhu, Yan Jun, Liang Luo, Ling Ling Song, and Xiao Yun Li. "Solvent Mediated Structure Control of Hierarchical CoS Nanostructures." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.372.

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A facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis approach has been developed to prepare hierarchical and well-defined cobalt sulfide nanostructures. Different solvents (methanol, ethanol, glycol, propyl alcohol and butyl alcohol) were applied to investigate the influence of solvent on the morphologies evolution procedures. Morphologies such as sphere-, cube-, flake-like cobalt sulfide structures can be obtained, the surface appearance of the cobalt sulfide nanostructure also can be controlled by changing the solvent. The as-prepared products were characterized by Field-emission scanning electron microscope and the influence of different kinds of alcoholic solvents on the hierarchical CoS nanostructures was studied. It can affect the electrochemical capacitance performances directly and may have a potential application in electrical fields.

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23

Loskutnikova, E. I., A. U. Gil, I. N. Alekhin, and R. A. Khalfin. "Analysis of morbidity with poisonings with ethanol and surrogate alcohols in irkutsk region between 2010 and 2017." Sechenov Medical Journal 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.2.36-44.

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Aim. Poisonings with ethanol and surrogate alcohols are preventable causes of morbidity and mortality posing a serious threat to population health. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the incidence of acute poisoning with ethyl and surrogate alcohols in the Irkutsk region for the period from 2010 to 2017, and to discuss it in the context of the regional and federal policy aimed at regulation of the alcohol - containing products. Materials and methods. The data of the statistical reporting form No. 12-15 “Information on the results of toxicological monitoring” in the Irkutsk region for the period from 2010 to 2017, the data of the Federal State Statistics Service RosStat on the incidence of acute chemical poisoning, and on incidence of acute poisoning with ethyl alcohol and surrogate alcohols were analyzed. Subsequent interpretation of the results in the context of the regional and federal alcohol control policy has been performed. Results. In the Irkutsk region, during the analyzed period of time there was observed a high incidence of acute poisonings with ethanol and surrogate alcohols with territorial diﬀerences within the region, and with positive dynamics of reduction of incidence by 38.7% in 2017 in comparison to 2010. Poisonings with ethanol occupy a leading place in the structure of the incidence in comparison with poisoning with other alcohols. The Irkutsk region was ranked 9th among all other subjects of the Russian Federation in 2017 by level of morbidity with alcohol poisonings. Among all cases of poisonings the proportion of the adult working age population was 89.1%, males - 77%, and unemployed population - 57.8%, which suggests that these categories of population are under the highest risk of acute poisoning with ethanol and surrogate alcohols. Conclusion. Strengthening control over the illegal distribution of ethyl alcohol and alcohol - containing products, especially in the territories situated along the Federal highways is seen as a priority area for action. Control of distribution of alcohols between 2010 and 2017 on the territory of the Irkutsk region allowed reducing incidence of poisonings by 38.7%. To maintain the positive dynamics of reducing morbidity and mortality from acute poisoning of alcohol etiology, to preserve the labor potential of the population of the Irkutsk region, it is necessary to further strengthen and reinforce control measures at the regional level.

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24

Paixão, Maria Margarida, and Mélissa Mialon. "Help or Hindrance? The Alcohol Industry and Alcohol Control in Portugal." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 4554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224554.

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The influence of the alcohol industry, also known as “corporate political activity” (CPA), is documented as one of the main barriers in implementing effective alcohol control policies. In Portugal, despite an alcohol consumption above the European average, alcohol control does not feature in the current National Health Plan. The present research aimed to identify and describe the CPA of the alcohol industry in Portugal. Publicly-available data published between January 2018 and April 2019 was extracted from the main websites and social media accounts of alcohol industry trade associations, charities funded by the industry, government, and media. A “Policy Dystopia” framework, used to describe the CPA strategies of the tobacco industry, was adapted and used to perform a qualitative thematic analysis. Both instrumental and discursive strategies were found. The industry works in partnership with health authorities, belonging to the national task force responsible for planning alcohol control policies. Additionally, it emphasizes the role alcohol plays in Portuguese culture as a way to disregard evidence on control policies from other countries. This paper presents the first description of CPA by the alcohol industry in Portugal and provides evidence for the adoption of stricter control policies in the country.

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25

Houa, Myriam, Claude Tomberg, and Xavier Noël. "Alcohol and Its Impact on Motor Control." Journal of Psychophysiology 24, no. 4 (January 2010): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000040.

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Acute and chronic alcohol intoxications have particularly deleterious consequences on physiological processes involving motor control and balance. This paper describes alcohol impairments to the central motor system networks in social and heavy drinkers and in individuals dependent on alcohol with or without neurological diseases.

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26

The Lancet. "A Framework Convention on Alcohol Control." Lancet 370, no. 9593 (September 2007): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61486-x.

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27

Record, CO. "A framework convention on alcohol control." Lancet 370, no. 9605 (December 2007): 2101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61901-1.

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28

Karlsson, Thomas, and Esa Österberg. "Scaling alcohol control policies across Europe." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 14, no. 6 (January 2007): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687630701392032.

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29

McCambridge, Jim, Kypros Kypri, Peter Miller, Ben Hawkins, and Gerard Hastings. "From tobacco control to alcohol policy." Addiction 109, no. 4 (March 10, 2014): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12463.

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30

Flaherty, Bruce, Peter Homel, and Wayne Hall. "Public attitudes towards alcohol control policies." Australian Journal of Public Health 15, no. 4 (February 12, 2010): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00351.x.

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31

Glassman, Tavis, Chudley (Chad) Werch, and Edessa Jobli. "Alcohol self-control behaviors of adolescents." Addictive Behaviors 32, no. 3 (March 2007): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.06.003.

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32

van Ginneken, Sandra, and Theo van Iwaarden. "Alcohol control policy in The Netherlands." Health Policy 13, no. 2 (November 1989): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8510(89)90065-1.

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33

Jaligidad, Kadappa, Ajinkya Dilip Auti, and Appu Patil. "Effect of Alcohol Dependence on QTc Interval - A Case Control Study." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 20 (May 17, 2021): 1521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/288.

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BACKGROUND Deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system like alcoholic cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure has been seen in those who are having chronic or heavy alcohol consumption. Majority of the clinical studies were based on selected group of patients like severe heart failure, as compared to that, the study among asymptomatic alcoholics were not well studied. Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption leads to adverse effects like arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and life-threatening re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias which can be predicted by studying QTc interval. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of alcohol dependence on QTc interval. METHODS This is a Hospital based case control study conducted among patients admitted in SNMC & HSK hospital with diagnosis as Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) according to International classification of diseases (ICD) 10 criteria from October 2020 to December 2020. 30 alcohol dependence cases and 30 age matched controls above 18 years of age were selected. The ECG was recorded in lying down and resting position. The ECG results were analysed for QTc interval. Sample size estimation was done using open epi Software version 2.3.1. RESULTS Among the 30 cases, 53.3 % had prolonged QTc interval. Out of these, 11 were in the age group of 18 - 35 years, 17 were in 36 - 55 years while 2 were in the age group > 55 years while in 30 controls only 1 had prolonged QTc in the age group of 36 - 55 years. CONCLUSIONS A prolonged QTc interval was observed in 16 out of 30 cases which provides the evidence, that prolonged QTc interval was significant in alcohol dependence patients. Hence, early detection of ECG changes like prolonged QTc interval will help in preventing the adverse cardiovascular events and comorbidities associated with it. KEYWORDS QTc Interval, ECG, Alcohol Dependence

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34

NOBLE, J., M. ARAFA, S. G. ROYLE, G. McGEORGE, and S. CRANK. "The Association between Alcohol, Hepatic Pathology and Dupuytren’s Disease." Journal of Hand Surgery 17, no. 1 (February 1992): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(92)90015-t.

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We have looked at the incidence of Dupuytren’s disease in alcoholics, those with non-alcoholic liver disease and a control population. Both alcoholic patients and those with non-alcohol related liver disease had a higher rate (28% and 22% respectively) than the controls (8%), but this did not quite reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). In addition we found no Dupuytren’s disease in 50 Egyptian patients with bilharzia and no consistent biochemical abnormalities in 134 patients with significant Dupuytren’s disease. We conclude that alcoholics probably do have a higher rate of Dupuytren’s disease and that this effect is largely due to the liver disease caused by alcohol abuse, but that the genetic factors are of greater aetiological importance.

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35

Yang, Yuqiao, Hongmei Chen, Nina Ding, Shuo Wang, Zhantao Duan, Yochai Birnbaum, Yumei Ye, and Jinqiao Qian. "Expression Profiling of Circular RNAs and Micrornas in Heart Tissue of Mice with Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 46, no. 6 (2018): 2284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489596.

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Background/Aims: Chronic heavy alcohol consumption may result in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. This study was designed to screen differentially expressed microRNAs and circular RNAs in heart tissue of mice with alcoholic cardiomyopathy to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: Having established a murine alcoholic cardiomyopathy model, we screened differentially expressed microRNAs and circular RNAs in three heart samples from the alcohol-treated and control groups by high-throughput microarray analysis. We analyzed the function and biological signaling pathways of differentially expressed non-coding RNAs closely related to alcoholic cardiomyopathy using bioinformatics software to identify some mRNAs and their biological signaling pathways closely related to alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Results: Nineteen microRNAs and 265 circular RNAs were differentially expressed in the alcohol-treated group compared with the control group. After analyzing gene function and signaling pathways by bioinformatics software, we found that the differentially expressed mRNAs were associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusions: Chronic alcohol consumption can change the non-coding RNA profile of heart tissue, which is closely related to the pathological mechanisms of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

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36

Henley, S. Jane, Dafna Kanny, Katherine B. Roland, Melissa Grossman, Brandy Peaker, Yong Liu, Susan M. Gapstur, Mary C. White, and Marcus Plescia. "Alcohol Control Efforts in Comprehensive Cancer Control Plans and Alcohol Use Among Adults in the USA." Alcohol and Alcoholism 49, no. 6 (October 13, 2014): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agu064.

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37

Weafer, Jessica, and Mark T. Fillmore. "Alcohol-related cues potentiate alcohol impairment of behavioral control in drinkers." Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 29, no. 2 (June 2015): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000013.

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38

Garretsen, Henk F. L., and Ronald A. Knibbe. "Alcohol consumption and alcohol control policy: the case of the Netherlands." Health Policy 5, no. 2 (January 1985): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8510(85)90029-6.

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39

Barbosa, F. S., G. L. D. Leite, E. R. Martins, V. A. D'avila, and V. M. Cerqueira. "Medicinal plant extracts on the control of Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 15, no. 1 (2013): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-05722013000100020.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of aqueous, alcoholic, and oil extracts from leaves of eight medicinal plants against Diabrotica speciosa prepared at five concentrations. The extracts that used commercial soybean oil as solvent showed the highest D. speciosa mortality due to the solvent itself, regardless of the used plants and their concentrations. Thus, commercial soybean oil was discarded as solvent since at these volumes it would cause serious phytotoxicity problems. After 24 hours of exposure of the pest to the extracts, the highest D. speciosa mortality values were observed for Copaifera langsdorfii and Chenopodium ambrosioides extracts, both in 5% alcohol, and Artemisia verlotorum, in 10% water. However, in the last mortality assessment (48 h), C. langsdorfii extract in 5% alcohol showed higher mortality of this pest, followed by C. ambrosioides extract in 5% alcohol, compared to the remaining plants.

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Morojele, N. K., C. Lombard, N. Harker Burnhams, P. Petersen Williams, E. Nel, and C. D. H. Parry. "Alcohol marketing and adolescent alcohol consumption: Results from the International Alcohol Control study (South Africa)." South African Medical Journal 108, no. 9 (August 28, 2018): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2018.v108i9.12958.

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Martins, Margarida, Mariana Henriques, Joana Azeredo, Sílvia M. Rocha, Manuel A. Coimbra, and Rosário Oliveira. "Morphogenesis Control in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis through Signaling Molecules Produced by Planktonic and Biofilm Cells." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 12 (November 2, 2007): 2429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00252-07.

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ABSTRACT Morphogenesis control by chemical signaling molecules is beginning to be highlighted in Candida biology. The present study focuses on morphogenic compounds produced in situ by Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis during planktonic and biofilm growth that may at least partially substantiate the effect promoted by supernatants in morphogenesis. For both species, planktonic versus biofilm supernatants were analyzed by headspace-solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both planktonic cells and biofilm supernatants of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis contained isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 1-dodecanol, E-nerolidol, and E,E-farnesol. Alcohol secretion profiles were species, culture mode, and growth time specific. The addition of exogenous alcohols to the cultures of both species inhibited the morphological transition from the yeast to the filamentous form by up to 50%. The physiological role of these alcohols was put to evidence by comparing the effects of a 96-h cultured supernatant with synthetic mixtures containing isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, E-nerolidol, and E,E-farnesol at concentrations determined herein. All synthetic mixtures elicited a morphological effect similar to that observed for the corresponding supernatants when used to treat C. albicans and C. dubliniensis cultures, except for the effect of the 96-h C. dubliniensis planktonic supernatant culture on C. albicans. Overall, these results reveal a group of alcohol extracellular signaling molecules that are biologically active with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis morphogenesis.

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Toomey, Traci L., Darin J. Erickson, William Patrek, Linda A. Fletcher, and Alexander C. Wagenaar. "Illegal Alcohol Sales and Use of Alcohol Control Policies at Community Festivals." Public Health Reports 120, no. 2 (March 2005): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000210.

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Objectives. The primary goals of this study were to assess the propensity for alcohol sales to underage customers and obviously intoxicated customers at community festivals, and to assess the prevalence of alcohol control policies at these events. A secondary goal was to identify server and festival characteristics and festival policies related to the likelihood of illegal alcohol sales. Methods. We conducted pseudo-underage purchase attempts at 43 festivals and pseudo-intoxicated purchase attempts at 50 festivals to assess the likelihood of illegal sales. Research staff made observations at festivals and contacted festival planners by telephone following each event to assess which alcohol policies were implemented. We conducted backwards stepwise multivariate analyses for each purchase attempt outcome to identify policies and characteristics related to likelihood of illegal alcohol sales. Results. Pseudo-intoxicated buyers purchased beer in 89% of 95 attempts (standard deviation [SD]=0.31) and pseudo-underage buyers were able to purchase beer in 50% of 82 attempts (SD=0.50). All festival planners reported having at least two of the 10 alcohol policies we assessed, but no festival had implemented all 10 policies. Server characteristics were not related to either purchase attempt outcome. In the multivariate analyses, having more alcohol control policies was related to a greater likelihood of illegal sales to intoxicated customers; however, having more alcohol control policies was associated with a lesser likelihood of alcohol sales to underage customers. Restricting the number of servings per person was also associated with a lesser likelihood of alcohol sales to underage customers. Conclusions. Propensity for illegal alcohol sales at festivals is very high. Research is needed to identify interventions to prevent illegal alcohol sales at these events.

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Houtman, Carl J. "What Factors Control Dimerization of Coniferyl Alcohol?" Holzforschung 53, no. 6 (November 11, 1999): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.097.

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Summary Data suggest that the dimerization of coniferyl alcohol is not under thermodynamic control. In this study, molecular dynamics calculations were used to estimate the effect of the solvent environment. In water, the coniferyl alcohol radicals were forced to associate by the formation of a solvent cage. In glycerol, the solvent cage effect appeared to be absent. These results suggest that in water, the product distribution of the dimers will be modified by interactions with the solvent. The computed results are consistent with experimental observations of coniferyl alcohol reactions in various solvents.

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George, Sabin, Sanju Daniel John, Salk George, and Jasica Joy Thottiyil. "Lipid profile and alcoholism." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 5 (September 23, 2019): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193595.

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Background: Alcoholism is a major threat to public health in both developed and developing countries. Alcohol has many effects on lipid profile, including inducing de novo fatty acid synthesis and inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in liver. Aim of this study was to study the effect of alcohol consumption on serum lipid profile in alcoholics and to compare with those of non-alcoholic controls.Methods: 100 cases and 100 age and sex matched controls were selected. These subjects were classified into, 1. Moderate alcoholics: Consuming ≤210 g per week 2. Heavy alcoholics: Consuming >210 g per week. Blood was taken in fasting state and lipids were estimated.Results: Among 200 subjects, 94% were male. 58.5% of the male and 83.3% of the female were heavy drinkers. Maximum number of alcoholics were seen in the age group of 41-50 years. The height correlated well with both control and study group. The moderate dose alcoholics had a higher weight when compared to control group and heavy dose alcoholics. The heavy dose alcoholics had a lower BMI when compared with the control group and moderate dose alcoholics. Heavy dose alcohol consumption was associated with a higher increase in triglyceride level. The total cholesterol level was significantly higher in the heavy dose alcoholics when compared with the control group. The HDL level was highest in the moderate dose alcoholics. The LDL level was highest in heavy dose alcoholics whereas, the moderate dose alcoholics had a lesser LDL level when compared with the control group. The VLDL level steadily increased with alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Patients with heavy alcohol consumption had significant increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL. The moderate alcohol consumers had significantly increased HDL and decreased LDL. These protective effects declined after heavy alcohol consumption.

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D'Ovidio, Fabrizio, James P. K. Rooney, Anne E. Visser, Umberto Manera, Ettore Beghi, Giancarlo Logroscino, Roel C. H. Vermeulen, et al. "Association between alcohol exposure and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Euro-MOTOR study." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318559.

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ObjectivesSeveral studies focused on the association between alcohol consumption and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although with inconsistent findings. Antioxidants may play a role since lyophilised red wine was found to prolong SOD1 mice lifespan. The aim of this international population-based case–control study performed in Ireland, The Netherlands and Italy was to assess the role of alcohol, and red wine in particular, in developing ALS.MethodsEuro-MOTOR is a case–control study where patients with incident ALS and controls matched for gender, age and area of residency were recruited in a population-based design. Logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, cohort, education, leisure time physical activity, smoking, heart problems, hypertension, stroke, cholesterol and diabetes were performed.Results1557 patients with ALS and 2922 controls were enrolled in the study. Exposure to alcohol drinking was not significantly associated with ALS risk. A stratified analysis of exposure to alcohol by cohort revealed significant ORs in The Netherlands and in Apulia, with opposite directions (respectively 0.68 and 2.38). With regard to red wine consumption, only in Apulia the double-fold increased risk (OR 2.53) remained significant. A decreased risk was found for current alcohol drinkers (OR 0.83), while a significantly increased risk was detected among former drinkers (OR 1.63). Analysis of cumulative exposure to alcohol revealed no significant associations with ALS risk.ConclusionWith few exceptions, no significant association was found between alcohol consumption and ALS. The study of the association between alcohol and ALS requires a thorough exploration, especially considering the role of different type of alcoholic beverages.

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Wittman, Friedner D. "Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part I: The system as it has developed." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.228.

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Wittman, F. (2016). Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part I: The system as it has developed. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 101-107. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.228Local control over retail alcohol sales in California cities provides substantial capacity to reduce and prevent alcohol-related harm. This paper shows how local control works in California to prevent harm at retail alcohol outlets. Prior to issuing a retail license to an outlet operator, the state Alcoholic Beverage Control Department (ABC) waits until the local jurisdiction (city or county) issues a land-use permit (also called a zoning permit or use permit). Localities have discretionary authority to impose preventive “conditions” on the use permit to protect public health and safety by imposing restrictions on setting design, operation, and hours of operation for the retail alcohol outlet. Within the state/local control system, city options include Level 1 permissive zoning (no restrictions), Level 2 problem-solving zoning (restrictions on new/expanded outlets), and Level 3 community oversight (restrictions on existing and new outlets). Since 1980 the scope of local control has progressed from nil (Level 1 permissive zoning) to Level 3 preventive surveillance for all outlets. Higher-level zoning requires local politics in which the ABC is not involved. A companion article (Wittman, 2016) describes the evolution of local control for retail alcohol availability in California’s local jurisdictions from 1980 to 2015.

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Wittman, Friedner D. "Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part I: The system as it has developed." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.228.

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Wittman, F. (2016). Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part I: The system as it has developed. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 101-107. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.228Local control over retail alcohol sales in California cities provides substantial capacity to reduce and prevent alcohol-related harm. This paper shows how local control works in California to prevent harm at retail alcohol outlets. Prior to issuing a retail license to an outlet operator, the state Alcoholic Beverage Control Department (ABC) waits until the local jurisdiction (city or county) issues a land-use permit (also called a zoning permit or use permit). Localities have discretionary authority to impose preventive “conditions” on the use permit to protect public health and safety by imposing restrictions on setting design, operation, and hours of operation for the retail alcohol outlet. Within the state/local control system, city options include Level 1 permissive zoning (no restrictions), Level 2 problem-solving zoning (restrictions on new/expanded outlets), and Level 3 community oversight (restrictions on existing and new outlets). Since 1980 the scope of local control has progressed from nil (Level 1 permissive zoning) to Level 3 preventive surveillance for all outlets. Higher-level zoning requires local politics in which the ABC is not involved. A companion article (Wittman, 2016) describes the evolution of local control for retail alcohol availability in California’s local jurisdictions from 1980 to 2015.

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Österberg, Esa. "The effects of favouring lower alcohol content beverages: Four examples from Finland." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 29, no. 1 (February 2012): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10199-012-0004-0.

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Aims This paper studies the possibility of substituting the consumption of one alcoholic beverage category for another by changing alcohol control measures. It examines four Finnish examples: the waiving in 1952 of the requirement to show a special identity card issued by the alcohol monopoly Alko for buying fortifed wines; again binding the sales of fortifed wines to Alko's identity card in 1958; a 1960s alcohol price policy favouring wines and beer over vodka; and the change in alcohol legislation in 1968, which allowed selling medium beer in grocery stores but left the off-premise sales of all stronger alcoholic beverages to Alko's liquor stores. Data Data on recorded consumption of alcoholic beverages in terms of 100 per cent alcohol per capita according to beverage categories will be used together with the numbers of arrests for drunkenness according to beverage categories as well as different data sources on changes in alcohol control measures. Results & Conclusions The four examples from Finland show that strong alcoholic beverages can be substituted for lighter drinks, but this seems to work especially when the lighter beverages can be used for the same purposes as the stronger ones. It is much more difficult to persuade consumers to substitute strong alcoholic beverages for light ones by changing relative alcohol availability or by adjusting prices, if the consumers also have to change their drinking habits by, for instance, substituting binging with vodka for drinking light wines with meals. The Finnish examples also make it clear that changing from one beverage category to another does not automatically result in changing the way to use alcoholic beverages or the drinking habits themselves.

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Wittman, Friedner D. "Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part II: Stages and factors in development, 1980-2015." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.235.

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Wittman, F. (2016). Halfway there – The evolution of local alcohol control in California. Part II: Stages and factors in development, 1980-2015. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 109-116. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.235From 1980 to 2015 California cities have been increasing their capacity for preventive local control to reduce harms attributable to retail alcohol outlets. We describe a four-stage process that has evolved from reactive zoning to preventive zoning. Starting about 1980, communities turned to local zoning following the California Alcohol Beverage Control (ABC) Department’s struggles to stem growing problems with new types of rapidly proliferating outlets in rapidly-changing cities. (See Wittman [2016] for the function of local zoning in the California Alcoholic Beverage Control Department (ABC) system for licensing retail alcohol outlets). Community coalitions teamed with local public officials to reduce problems through “local control” ordinances based on conditional-use permits for retail alcohol outlets. Working in coordination with ABC licensing procedures, cities learned to use their zoning ordinances to draw effective boundaries for outlet location and type of setting, to limit outlet density, and to impose preventive restrictions on outlet design and operation. The California Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs and the California alcohol policy advocacy community helped develop local control into a statewide movement. This paper reviews local control’s statewide progress to date and considers its prospects for future development to prevent harm in California cities. We conclude cities are about halfway to achieving harm-reduction benefits available from self-sustaining regulatory infrastructures grounded in participatory administration of local land-use law.

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Wrase, J., S. M. Grüsser, S. Klein, C. Diener, D. Hermann, H. Flor, K. Mann, D. F. Braus, and A. Heinz. "Development of alcohol-associated cues and cue-induced brain activation in alcoholics." European Psychiatry 17, no. 5 (September 2002): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00676-4.

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SummaryThe objective of this study was to develop new standardized alcohol-associated cues and assess their effects on brain activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Pictures of alcoholic and neutral beverages and affectively neutral pictures were presented to 44 abstinent alcoholics and 37 age-matched healthy control subjects. We assessed the skin conductance response, and the elicited arousal and valence. Alcoholics and control subjects did not differ in arousal, valence or skin conductance response evoked by alcohol-associated and affectively neutral stimuli, while nonalcoholic beverages were rated as more unpleasant and arousing by alcoholics compared with control subjects. In the fMRI pilot study, alcohol and abstract pictures were presented to six abstinent alcoholics and induced a significant activation of brain areas associated with visual emotional processes such as the fusiform gyrus, parts of the brain reward system (basal ganglia and orbitofrontal gyrus) and further brain regions in the frontal and parietal cortices associated with the attention network. These observations suggest that standardized pictures of alcoholic beverages can be used to assess brain circuits involved in the processing and evaluation of alcohol cues.

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