Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alcohol Drunk driving

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Alcohol Drunk driving'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alcohol Drunk driving"

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Zhong, Ming En, Han Chi Hong, and Jian Jin Cai. "Study on Changes of Vehicle Driving Behavior Characteristics for Alcohol Used Drivers." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2115.

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Drunk driving is proved to be dangerous for traffic transportation safety. However, there are still no specific conclusions about what changes do drinking make to each kind of driving behaviors. This paper set out a drunk states induce program and a simulated driving experiment to measure the data about driving speed, overspeed driving probability, brake frequency, probability of deceleration for avoidance and probability of running red lights when the drivers were in different degree of drunk states. Results showed that driving speed increases significantly only in state of heavy drunk while decreases slightly in state of moderate drunk. Overspeed probability grows higher as the drivers drink more. Brake frequency increases slightly in state of light drunk, but has no obvious change in state of moderate drunk, however decreases significantly in state of heavy drunk. Probability of deceleration for avoidance decreases a little in state of light drunk but significantly in state of heavy drunk, however increases in state of moderate dunk. Probability of running red lights increases significantly only in state of heavy drunk, but has no obvious change in both states of light drunk and moderate drunk. All these support a conclusion that drinking has different influences on each kind of driving behaviors, which perform differently for traffic transportation safety. Judgments for drunk driving related issues should be decided on each specific matter.
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Jia, Keqin, Judy Fleiter, Mark King, Mary Sheehan, Wenjun Ma, and Jianzhen Zhang. "Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203.

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Jia, K., Fleiter, J., King, M., Sheehan, M., Ma, W., & Zhang, J. (2015). Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 151-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203Aims: To better understand the knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders relating to alcohol use and driving in thecontext of recently amended Chinese legislation, and to investigate the involvement of alcohol-use disorders.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012.Setting and participants: Data were collected at a local jail and 101 participants were recruited while in detention.Measures: Questionnaire items examined demographic characteristics as well as practices and knowledge relating to alcohol useand driving. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess hazardous drinking levels.Findings: Knowledge about the two legal limits for “drink driving” and for “drunk driving” was low, at 28.3% and 41.4%,respectively. AUDIT scores indicated that a substantial proportion of the offenders had high levels of alcohol-use disorders.Higher AUDIT scores were found among the least experienced drivers, those who lacked knowledge about the legal limits, andrecidivist drunk drivers.Conclusions: Limited awareness of legal alcohol limits might contribute to offending; high AUDIT scores suggest thathazardous drinking levels may also contribute. This study provides important information to assist in refining communityeducation and prevention efforts.
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Jia, Keqin, Judy Fleiter, Mark King, Mary Sheehan, Wenjun Ma, and Jianzhen Zhang. "Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.vxiy.203.

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Jia, K., Fleiter, J., King, M., Sheehan, M., Ma, W., & Zhang, J. (2015). Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 151-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203Aims: To better understand the knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders relating to alcohol use and driving in thecontext of recently amended Chinese legislation, and to investigate the involvement of alcohol-use disorders.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012.Setting and participants: Data were collected at a local jail and 101 participants were recruited while in detention.Measures: Questionnaire items examined demographic characteristics as well as practices and knowledge relating to alcohol useand driving. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess hazardous drinking levels.Findings: Knowledge about the two legal limits for “drink driving” and for “drunk driving” was low, at 28.3% and 41.4%,respectively. AUDIT scores indicated that a substantial proportion of the offenders had high levels of alcohol-use disorders.Higher AUDIT scores were found among the least experienced drivers, those who lacked knowledge about the legal limits, andrecidivist drunk drivers.Conclusions: Limited awareness of legal alcohol limits might contribute to offending; high AUDIT scores suggest thathazardous drinking levels may also contribute. This study provides important information to assist in refining communityeducation and prevention efforts.
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Jou, Rong-Chang, and Yi-Hao Lu. "Factors Affecting Recidivism of Drunk Driving for Car and Motorbike Users." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9065416.

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This study explored the important factors affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users. The respondents were students of Taiwan’s road safety training course, which was required for all drunk drivers who were suspended from driving due to the violation of regulations. The characteristics of the drunk car and motorbike drivers, such as socioeconomic variables, alcohol consumption changes, family life cycle, and changes in the number of trips, were investigated. This study estimated the models affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users with the logistic regression model. The main variables included drivers with a university degree or above who tend not to be recidivists compared to the drivers without one. Such respondents are more willing to avoid the risk of becoming drunk driving recidivists. Moreover, the variables of alcohol use disorders’ identification test (AUDIT), breath alcohol concentration, and frequency of drunk driving all significantly affect the possibility of recidivism. In terms of family life cycle, married respondents with children aged between 1 and 5 are less likely to become drunk driving recidivists. Those who take motorbikes as an alternative vehicle after being suspended from driving cars are more likely to become drunk driving recidivists. This study suggests the measures of suspending or withdrawing car and motorbike driver’s licenses at the same time, using alcolocks to restrict the right to drive, and increasing the frequency of drunk driving crackdowns. In addition, in terms of alcohol consumption behaviors, drinkers with high risks and drunk drivers with high breath alcohol concentrations should be regarded as the key targets for future tracking in order to avoid drunk driving recidivism.
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Brown, Robert W., R. Todd Jewell, and Jerrell Richer. "Endogenous Alcohol Prohibition and Drunk Driving." Southern Economic Journal 62, no. 4 (April 1996): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1060947.

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Navya, Odde. "Alcohol Detection to Lock Engine and Incident Reporting." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 2031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35424.

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Most of the road accidents are occurring due to drunk-driving. We hear about a lot of accidents these days that are caused by drunk driving. Drunk drivers are not in a stable state, and as a result, rash driving occurs on the roadways, endangering the lives of everyone on the road, including the driver. Thousands of traffic accidents were reported by the Indian Ministry of Statistics in 2016. Our project presents the design and implementation of “Alcohol Detection to Lock Engine and incident reporting” using alcohol sensor, arduino UNO, GSM Module. The system will continuously monitor level of alcohol concentration using MQ-3 alcohol sensor and thus turn off the engine of vehicle if the alcohol concentration is above threshold level. The LCD display is used to display the stat us of the vehicle. This model will send the message of whereabouts of the vehicle through GSM module thus reporting the incident .the project provides an efficient solution to control road accidents due to drunk driving.
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Allsop, Richard. "Drink Driving as the Commonest Drug Driving—A Perspective from Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249521.

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People mixing driving motor vehicles with consuming alcohol increases deaths and injuries on the roads, as was established irrefutably in the mid-1960s. This commentary discusses how society across Europe has responded since then to this burden by managing drink driving in the interests of road safety. The principal response has been to set, communicate and enforce limits on the level of alcohol in the blood above which it is illegal to drive and to deal in various ways with drivers found to be exceeding the limits. Achieving reduction in drink-related road deaths has benefitted public health, though the aim to change behaviour of drinking drivers has been a challenge to the profession. Other achievements have included changes in public attitude to drink driving, and reduction in reoffending by convicted offenders through rehabilitation courses and use of the alcohol interlock, which prevents starting of a vehicle by a driver who has drunk too much. There is scope for improved recording of road deaths identified as drink-related, greater understanding of effectiveness in enforcement of the legal limit and improved availability of the alcohol interlock. Relevance of experience with drink driving to management of other drug driving and prospects for building on the achievements so far are discussed.
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Guo, Zhan, and Zu Ming Xiao. "Design of System to Prevent Drunken Driving Based on GPSGSM Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3873.

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Against drunk driving, this paper puts forward a kind of design scheme of vehicular system to prevent drunk driving based on GPS/GSM technology. The system is at the core of a single chip processor with the use of the alcohol sensor to test the driver's alcohol concentration.alcohol sensor.If alcohol is beyond the limit, cars are banned running and drunk driving information will be sent to the traffic police command monitoring platform through the GPS/GSM technology. The system has the characteristics of integration, human nature, and intelligence.
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Zhou, You. "Ride-sharing, alcohol consumption, and drunk driving." Regional Science and Urban Economics 85 (November 2020): 103594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103594.

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Joshua, Ighalo, Uzairue Stanley, Ochonogor Charles, Amaize Peter, and Kennedy Okokpujie. "Development of alcohol triggered vehicle engine lock system." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v8i1.pp68-76.

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Drunk driving is a very dangerous behavior caused as a result of excessive consumption of alcohol therefore causing distortion in the thought pattern of its victims with a large percentage being drivers of vehicles of all forms. Most of the traffic accidents recorded in recent years are related to drunk driving. Solutions have been proposed, devices developed, all to the sole aim which is to reduce traffic accidents due to drunk driving but none has been quite cable of impairing the driver’s ability to drive. To this end, we model and design an alcohol triggered vehicle engine lock system. This project’s ability to impair the driver’s ability to drive makes it stand out from previous methods or devices developed to reduce road accidents due to drunk driving. The entire system is based on a microcontroller that is used to set an alcohol limit/ threshold which when reached or crossed upon sensing of alcohol in the air by the alcohol sensor, would trigger the buzzer alarm and warning LED of the circuit to alert the driver that his/her blood alcohol concentration at that moment in time wouldn’t be safe for driving. At this point the system automatically locks the ignition system of the vehicle within which it is embedded while an LCD displays information for the driver’s visuals incase the driver’s sight isn’t also impaired while in the drunk state. This project is a prototype to what is proposed with the vehicle’s engine system represented with a DC motor and its ignition system represented with a push button. The overall work was implemented with a constructed work, tested working and perfectly functional.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alcohol Drunk driving"

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Christiansen, Thomas J. (Thomas James). "Planning strategies as predictors of DWI recidivism for problem and non-problem drinkers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332485/.

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This study investigates the relationships between planning strategies on how to avoid future DWI arrest and actual DWI recidivism for a group of problem and non-problem drinkers. A sample of 75 individuals who were arrested for DWI and completed a DWI training program in 1987 was gathered.
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Brown, Katherine A. "A national study of the association between mothers against drunk driving and drunk-driving laws, driving-under-the-influence arrests and alcohol-related traffic fatalities." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1304090143.

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Brown, Katherine Ann. "A national study of the association between Mothers Against Drunk Driving and drunk-driving laws, driving-under-the-influence arrests and alcohol-related traffic fatalities /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486461246814652.

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Crawford, Roy B. "The relationship of biorhythms to driving while impaired with alcohol or other drugs." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236261061.

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Bettinger, Samantha Sue. "ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, BRAKING REACTION TIME, MOVEMENT TIME, AND SIMULATED DRUNK DRIVING THE MORNING AFTER ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1543598079338643.

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Malek-Ahmadi, John Faupel Charles E. "Legal status of alcohol, population density, and the incidence of DUI arrests in Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Sociology/Thesis/Malek-Ahmadi_John_24.pdf.

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Smith, Richard Milton. "Jury trials in misdemeanor cases of driving under the influence of alcohol a public policy consideration /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2002. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1414403.

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Loudermilk, Elaine, Sreenivas P. Veeranki, Megan A. Quinn, Shimin Zheng, and Oluyemi Rotimi. "Association of Childhood Sexual Abuse Experience and Drunk Driving in US Adults." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/123.

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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) lead to high risk behaviors in adults. In 2015, an estimated 700,000 children reported abuse; 8.4% reported experiencing sexual abuse. In 2014, nearly 10,000 people died from alcohol-related motor vehicle injuries, and >1.1 million were arrested for driving under alcohol or narcotic influence. Studies have reported the role of ACEs in alcohol consumption among adults. However, the association between adult drunk driving (DD) and childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has not been investigated. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the association between CSA and DD in US adults. Methods: Data were obtained from 4,374,390 adults who participated in the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Participants’ self-reported responses were used to define past experience for DD (no/yes) and CSA (no/yes). Covariates included age, sex, race, income, education, marital status and parental substance abuse. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative odds of DD among victims of CSA adjusting for covariates. Results: Approximately 3.6% of adults reported DD, and 11.1% adults experienced CSA. Compared to adults who didn’t experience CSA, those who experienced CSA were significantly associated with increased odds of DD behavior (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.27-2.20). Compared to females, males who experienced child sexual abuse were 2.88 times more likely to DD (aOR: 2.88, 95% CI: 2.32-3.59). Conclusion: CSA is significantly associated with DD behavior in adults. Higher estimates of the relationship were identified in males. Future studies, such as prospective cohort studies, are imperative for further evaluation. These findings aided in identifying adults with CSA experience to target and minimize their DD behavior, thus preventing alcohol-related injuries. Public Health Implications: Adults who experienced CSA were associated with increased odds of DD behavior. A multifaceted approach involving several stakeholders at all levels of governance is needed to address this issue. Appropriate public health interventions and/or policies should be developed to prevent sexual abuses during childhood. Health education and promotional campaigns are vital to minimize drunk driving cases by targeting communities and individuals with high risk behaviors.
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Karlsson, Gunilla. "Drunk driving : a study of psychosocial, and health factors, focusing on young and middle-aged men in a metropolitan area /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3901-2/.

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Turner, Joseph K. "Police officers' personal use of alcohol and the relationship to arrest decisions in impaired driving cases." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1328121.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if a police officer's use of alcohol in his/her personal life affected their arrest decision in impaired driving cases. A survey was developed and reviewed by a jury of experts consisting of traffic safety specialists from across Indiana, to gather information concerning officer demographics, use of alcohol, and belief in the importance of impaired driving enforcement. Results indicated that sixty-one (61) officers fit the criteria of 1) patrolling during darkness hours throughout the year 2002, and 2) were complete the survey. Most officers were male (88%), between twenty-one and thirty-five years of age (79%), and had less than ten years of law enforcement experience (74%).The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and ANOVA to test the null hypothesis. There was no statistical relationship between the decision to arrest and the personal use of alcohol by the officer. There was also no statistical relationship between the decision to arrest and any of the demographic categories. The only item that showed a statistical relationship was between the decision to arrest and an officer indicating they believed the problem of impaired driving was somewhat important.
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Books on the topic "Alcohol Drunk driving"

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Gilbert, Daniel T. Driving under the influence of alcohol. 2nd ed. Evanston, IL (P.O. Box 1409 Evanston 60204): Northwestern Univeristy Traffic Institute, 1993.

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Teens and drunk driving. San Diego, Calif: Lucent Books, 2000.

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Illinois. Division of Traffic Safety. Drunk driving always fails. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Dept. of Transportation, Division of Traffic Safety, 1995.

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Ríos, Sergio Villalobos. Conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol y estado de ebriedad. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Jurídica ConoSur, 2000.

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Brady, Patricia. Driving while alcohol impaired: A preliminary exploration of the issues and possible approaches. Charlottesville, Va. (Box 3817 University Station, Charlottesville 22903-0817): Virginia Transportation Research Council, 1989.

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Teens and alcohol. Detroit: Lucent Books, 2012.

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Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario. Myths about drinking and driving. Toronto, Ont: Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, 1985.

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Lau, Robyne R. Legislative approaches to increasing Virginia's conviction rate for drug-related DUI. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Transportation Research Council, 1992.

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Holt, Linda K. 1986 court commitments to Massachusetts county facilities for operating under the influence of alcohol. [Boston]: Massachusetts Dept. of Correction, 1987.

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Huseth, Andrea. Alcohol-impaired driving: Common practices and performance. Fargo, ND: NDSU Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alcohol Drunk driving"

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West, Mark D. "Drunk Driving." In Drunk Japan, 79–99. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070847.003.0004.

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Japanese drunk driving laws are among the strictest in the world and are stricter than those of any U.S. state. Yet despite considerable drinking in Japan, drunk driving arrests and prosecutions are relatively rare. When cases reach the courtroom, Japanese judges apply an extraordinary range of tests to determine liability. Sometimes they rely on blood alcohol or breath alcohol results, and sometimes they don’t. Sometimes they rely on subjective observations of intoxication, and sometimes they don’t. Sometimes they rely on factors unrelated to drinking or driving to determine liability both for drivers and for passengers alike.
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West, Mark D. "Drunk in Society." In Drunk Japan, 142–74. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190070847.003.0007.

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This chapter focuses on the role of intoxication in society. After examining the way courts discuss alcohol use as a social problem, it turns to three legal contexts: employment law, family law, and torts. First, it examines cases of disciplinary dismissals, in which civil servants whose employment is terminated after drunk-driving convictions sue their former employers. Second, it explores divorce cases in which alcohol consumption and intoxication are raised as factors that contributed to the demise of the marriage. Third, it turns to cases in which people claim they were defamed by statements related to alcohol consumption. In each case, courts issue opinions that either offer little insight into their thoughts on intoxication (despite a penchant for editorializing in other types of cases) or apply uneven, but individualized, justice.
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Rorabaugh, W. J. "5. Legacies." In Prohibition: A Very Short Introduction, 115–22. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190280109.003.0006.

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‘Legacies’ explains that the most important legacy of prohibition in the United States concerned a dramatic change in drinking habits. The raunchy all-male saloon disappeared for good and per capita consumption of alcohol was reduced for a very long time. Consumption in the 1930s was one-third lower than before prohibition because people had little money to spend on drinks during the Great Depression and because a generation that had come of age during prohibition never imbibed much alcohol. Other legacies include industry-sponsored scientific research on alcohol and alcoholism; the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous, which placed responsibility for drinking upon the individual drinker; and the 1980s designated driver scheme proposed by Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
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Selvaraj, Santhi, and Umakanth N. "Providing Safety and Detecting Accidents in Bike Transport With Smart Helmets Using IoT." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science, 280–303. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8040-0.ch013.

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IoT is the network of interconnected devices or things that are embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity. The road mishaps are also increasing day by day, due to which many deaths occur, most of them caused by the negligence of not wearing helmets, and also many deaths occur due to lack of medical attention needed by the injured person, hence the need for a protective headgear that makes bike driving safer than before. This work is implemented by considering advanced features like alcohol detection and fall detection by using alcohol and accelerometer sensors and makes not only a smart helmet but also a feature for smart bikes. RF module is a wireless device that is used to communicate between transmitter and receiver. If the rider is found drunk, the ignition switch is locked automatically, and in event of accident, the abnormal value in accelerometer is detected and message is sent to their registered number by using GSM. Thus, if a bike rider falls from bike, the message is sent automatically, and medical attention is given immediately.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "The Downside of Drinking." In Pained, 209–12. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0060.

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This chapter addresses five potential reasons as to why alcohol, an ancient substance, seems to have become newly hazardous. First, the alcohol industry continues to be powerful and savvy. Industry advertising never says that alcohol is not addictive; rather, the message is “use responsibly,” which implies that alcohol’s use—unlike the use of drugs—is controllable. Second, although the proportion of Americans drinking has remained steady at about two in three people over the past 70 years, Americans are drinking more, and more easily. Third, during this decade of economic expansion, many Americans have more income. In contrast to the stereotype, affluent people are more likely to drink than low-income people. Fourth, binge-drinking is now a rite of passage in college. With women a growing percentage of collegiate heavy drinkers, and with alcohol-makers targeting women with sweeter and fizzier products, health risks accumulate among women, who generally experience greater alcohol effects at lower doses than men. Fifth, Americans have become complacent about driving under the influence, because seatbelts and safer cars have lowered alcohol-related fatalities. Yet, paradoxically, alcohol-related traffic accidents are on the rise. Consuming less alcohol in total or on a per-occasion basis would probably improve the health of most people. That is a credible and reasonable public health goal.
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Fagan, Brian. "Palmyra and Petra." In From Stonehenge to Samarkand. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160918.003.0010.

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Syria is a palimpsest of antiquity, a country scattered with evocative ruins from a tumultuous past. “This kingdom hath suffered many alterations,” wrote the Scottish traveler William Lithgow, who wandered through the country in 1612. The landscape teems with Crusader castles, Roman ruins, traces of Byzantium. Early travelers found a strange incongruity, with magnificent temples rising among “hovels,” and with what the nineteenth-century English artist William H. Bartlett called “the shapeless structures of the peasantry.” He added, “It is a strange irony to find baths and theatres in such a country, or triumphal avenues down which only a flock of ragged goats are driven out and back at dawn and sunset.” Bartlett visited Bostra, 9 miles (14 kilometers) south of Damascus, which was once a great desert caravan city and the capital of Roman Arabia before Palmyra came into prominence. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Bostra was the first Byzantine city to fall to Islam, and it became an important stop on the pilgrimage route to Mecca. Today, Bostra is most famous for its Roman amphitheater with its perfect acoustics and seating for 15,000 people. Bartlett observed the city from miles away: Bostra stood up, black and imposing, before us for miles before we arrived, a mass of columns and triumphal arches with the castle dominating the whole. I went up the square tower of the minaret and looked out over the town—columns and black square towers over every ruined church and mosque, and the big castle, and the countless masses of fallen stone. . . . Such a spectacle of past magnificence and present squalor it would be difficult to conceive. There were inscriptions everywhere, Latin, Greek, Cufic and Arabic, built into the walls of the Fellahin houses, topsy turvy, together with the perforated slabs that were once windows, and bits of columns and capitals of pillars. . . . At last he [the Mamur, Bartlett’s self-appointed guide] took me to the top of the castle and introduced me to the head of the soldiers, who produced chairs and coffee on his roof-top, and subsequently glasses of arack [commonly “arrack,” a strong alcoholic drink made of fermented palm sap, rive, or molasses] and water in his room below.
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Conference papers on the topic "Alcohol Drunk driving"

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Shreshtha, Shikhar, Priyansh Singh, Rupal Singh, Sameer Arif, and Deependra Sinha. "Non-Invasive Alcohol Detection for Drunk Driving Prevention." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacccn51052.2020.9362967.

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Taguchi, Toshiyuki, Kiyomi Sakakibara, Atsushi Nakashima, Toshihiro Wakita, Shohei Yabu, and Bunji Atsumi. "Development of a New Breath Alcohol Detector without Mouthpiece to Prevent Drunk Driving." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0638.

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Siddiqui, Salman Ahmad, Neda Fatima, and Anwar Ahmad. "Design of Driver Alcohol Detection System with Automatic Engine Locking." In Intelligent Computing and Technologies Conference. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.115.11.

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Drunken Driving is one of the most fatal causes of premature deaths around the world. According to WHO, about 20% of the fatally injured drivers have excess alcohol in their blood in high income countries whereas the figures may be as high as 69% in low and middle income countries. In India alone, there have been 38,000 road mishaps due to drunk driving in the past three years according to the latest report of Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. The objective of this paper is to make human driving safer and overcome such incidences. The present paper describes the process of detection of alcohol in sample breath testing, developed using Arduino and Arduino Integrated Design Environment (IDE). The system will sense the alcohol concentration in breath and control the switching of ignition engine according the data it receives. Also, it allows the driver a delay time in case the breath is detected after the vehicle has started to avoid traffic mismanagement. Finally, it will send an SMS alert to his/her relatives/close friends to alert them of possible drunken driving incident and prevent it.
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4

Trinca, Gordon W. "The Value of Compulsory Blood Tests for Alcohol on Road Crash Casualties as a Drunk Driving Countermeasure." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/860196.

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5

Lalere, Béatrice, Fanny Gantois, Rosemarie Philipp, and Sophie Vaslin-Reimann. "Certified reference materials for breath alcohol control - the ALCOREF project." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201915002.

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The Joint Research Project Alcoref “Certified forensic alcohol reference materials” is a multi-partner trans-national project within the targeted call “Research Potential” of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) launched in 2016. The European Commission has estimated that about one quarter of road traffic deaths are due to alcohol. The European status report on road safety of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe therefore stated that, among other measures, better legislation and enforcement of alcohol control is needed in several countries. In particular, the report demands that unrestricted access to alcohol breath testing, using breath analysers of equivalent and agreed standard, should be implemented throughout Europe. These high standards for tests, verification and calibration of breath alcohol analysers should meet some requirements of the recommendation R 126 defined by the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) and European standards (EN 16280 and EN 15964). The specific objective of this project is to establish regional research and metrological capacity for the development of certified forensic alcohol reference materials for the law enforcement of drink-driving regulations.
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Kumstát, Michal, Martin Sebera, and Michal Vičar. "The Effects Of Commercially Available Energy Drink On Cognitive Performance." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-7.

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Energy drinks are frequently purported as a non-alcoholic beverage food commodity to im-prove cognitive function and concentration and as such is marketed especially on vulnerable populations such as professional drivers, students, managers. We aimed to explore the acute dose-effect of commercially available multi-ingredient beverage on cognitive performance. Twenty adult university students, caffeine-deprived received two 500 ml non-alcoholic, glucose-free, multi-herbal extract drinks differing in ingredients dose: DRINK100, threefold higher concentration dosage (DRINK300) and ingredients-free, flavored-matched placebo (PLA) in a double-blind, three-way cross over, randomized order, separated by a 7-day wash-out period. Cognitive functions, autonomous nervous system activity, and specific mental performance were assessed. Drinks were consumed in the late evening (20 p.m.). Standardized psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) to detect reaction time, lapses and the total score and spectral analysis of heart rate variability (software-driven, standing/lying down with ~300 beats recorded in each position, relative change in total power score be-tween consecutive measurements was used) took place immediately prior and 60, 120 and 180 min post-drink consumption (post-drink). Thirty minutes of the cognitively demanding task (continuous manual text transcription) was commenced immediately and in 90, and 150 min post-drink. Total word counts were used in assessing mental performance chang-es. The ecologically valid methodology was used to mimic typical students time of drink consumption. During the 60min post-drink, the level of alertness decreased independently of the drink category, however, DRINK300 increased correct: lapsus ratio in 120 min and this remained elevated until the end of testing. No significant effect of DRINK100 over PLA on vigilance was present. DRINK300 led to an increase in autonomic nervous system activity after drink admin-istration in 60–90 minutes post-drink with a clear decline observed in PLA. This corresponds with a significant increase in the number of words transcripted in the corresponding time in DRINK300, however, not sustained in 180 min post-drink. We demonstrate an acute and transitional dose-effect of multi-herbal caffeine-containing non-energetic beverage on cognitive and autonomous nervous system performance. The effect appears to be evident immediately ( < 30 min) post-drink. A beverage containing guar-ana equivalent to 120 mg of caffeine reduce cognitive performance impairment and this is sustained over ~180 min.
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