Journal articles: 'Alcohol Drunk driving'

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Zhong, Ming En, Han Chi Hong, and Jian Jin Cai. "Study on Changes of Vehicle Driving Behavior Characteristics for Alcohol Used Drivers." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2115.

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Drunk driving is proved to be dangerous for traffic transportation safety. However, there are still no specific conclusions about what changes do drinking make to each kind of driving behaviors. This paper set out a drunk states induce program and a simulated driving experiment to measure the data about driving speed, overspeed driving probability, brake frequency, probability of deceleration for avoidance and probability of running red lights when the drivers were in different degree of drunk states. Results showed that driving speed increases significantly only in state of heavy drunk while decreases slightly in state of moderate drunk. Overspeed probability grows higher as the drivers drink more. Brake frequency increases slightly in state of light drunk, but has no obvious change in state of moderate drunk, however decreases significantly in state of heavy drunk. Probability of deceleration for avoidance decreases a little in state of light drunk but significantly in state of heavy drunk, however increases in state of moderate dunk. Probability of running red lights increases significantly only in state of heavy drunk, but has no obvious change in both states of light drunk and moderate drunk. All these support a conclusion that drinking has different influences on each kind of driving behaviors, which perform differently for traffic transportation safety. Judgments for drunk driving related issues should be decided on each specific matter.

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Jia, Keqin, Judy Fleiter, Mark King, Mary Sheehan, Wenjun Ma, and Jianzhen Zhang. "Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203.

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Jia, K., Fleiter, J., King, M., Sheehan, M., Ma, W., & Zhang, J. (2015). Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 151-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203Aims: To better understand the knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders relating to alcohol use and driving in thecontext of recently amended Chinese legislation, and to investigate the involvement of alcohol-use disorders.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012.Setting and participants: Data were collected at a local jail and 101 participants were recruited while in detention.Measures: Questionnaire items examined demographic characteristics as well as practices and knowledge relating to alcohol useand driving. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess hazardous drinking levels.Findings: Knowledge about the two legal limits for “drink driving” and for “drunk driving” was low, at 28.3% and 41.4%,respectively. AUDIT scores indicated that a substantial proportion of the offenders had high levels of alcohol-use disorders.Higher AUDIT scores were found among the least experienced drivers, those who lacked knowledge about the legal limits, andrecidivist drunk drivers.Conclusions: Limited awareness of legal alcohol limits might contribute to offending; high AUDIT scores suggest thathazardous drinking levels may also contribute. This study provides important information to assist in refining communityeducation and prevention efforts.

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Jia, Keqin, Judy Fleiter, Mark King, Mary Sheehan, Wenjun Ma, and Jianzhen Zhang. "Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.vxiy.203.

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Jia, K., Fleiter, J., King, M., Sheehan, M., Ma, W., & Zhang, J. (2015). Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 151-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203Aims: To better understand the knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders relating to alcohol use and driving in thecontext of recently amended Chinese legislation, and to investigate the involvement of alcohol-use disorders.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012.Setting and participants: Data were collected at a local jail and 101 participants were recruited while in detention.Measures: Questionnaire items examined demographic characteristics as well as practices and knowledge relating to alcohol useand driving. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess hazardous drinking levels.Findings: Knowledge about the two legal limits for “drink driving” and for “drunk driving” was low, at 28.3% and 41.4%,respectively. AUDIT scores indicated that a substantial proportion of the offenders had high levels of alcohol-use disorders.Higher AUDIT scores were found among the least experienced drivers, those who lacked knowledge about the legal limits, andrecidivist drunk drivers.Conclusions: Limited awareness of legal alcohol limits might contribute to offending; high AUDIT scores suggest thathazardous drinking levels may also contribute. This study provides important information to assist in refining communityeducation and prevention efforts.

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Jou, Rong-Chang, and Yi-Hao Lu. "Factors Affecting Recidivism of Drunk Driving for Car and Motorbike Users." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9065416.

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This study explored the important factors affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users. The respondents were students of Taiwan’s road safety training course, which was required for all drunk drivers who were suspended from driving due to the violation of regulations. The characteristics of the drunk car and motorbike drivers, such as socioeconomic variables, alcohol consumption changes, family life cycle, and changes in the number of trips, were investigated. This study estimated the models affecting the recidivism rate of drunk driving for car and motorbike users with the logistic regression model. The main variables included drivers with a university degree or above who tend not to be recidivists compared to the drivers without one. Such respondents are more willing to avoid the risk of becoming drunk driving recidivists. Moreover, the variables of alcohol use disorders’ identification test (AUDIT), breath alcohol concentration, and frequency of drunk driving all significantly affect the possibility of recidivism. In terms of family life cycle, married respondents with children aged between 1 and 5 are less likely to become drunk driving recidivists. Those who take motorbikes as an alternative vehicle after being suspended from driving cars are more likely to become drunk driving recidivists. This study suggests the measures of suspending or withdrawing car and motorbike driver’s licenses at the same time, using alcolocks to restrict the right to drive, and increasing the frequency of drunk driving crackdowns. In addition, in terms of alcohol consumption behaviors, drinkers with high risks and drunk drivers with high breath alcohol concentrations should be regarded as the key targets for future tracking in order to avoid drunk driving recidivism.

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Brown, Robert W., R. Todd Jewell, and Jerrell Richer. "Endogenous Alcohol Prohibition and Drunk Driving." Southern Economic Journal 62, no. 4 (April 1996): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1060947.

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Navya, Odde. "Alcohol Detection to Lock Engine and Incident Reporting." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 2031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35424.

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Most of the road accidents are occurring due to drunk-driving. We hear about a lot of accidents these days that are caused by drunk driving. Drunk drivers are not in a stable state, and as a result, rash driving occurs on the roadways, endangering the lives of everyone on the road, including the driver. Thousands of traffic accidents were reported by the Indian Ministry of Statistics in 2016. Our project presents the design and implementation of “Alcohol Detection to Lock Engine and incident reporting” using alcohol sensor, arduino UNO, GSM Module. The system will continuously monitor level of alcohol concentration using MQ-3 alcohol sensor and thus turn off the engine of vehicle if the alcohol concentration is above threshold level. The LCD display is used to display the stat us of the vehicle. This model will send the message of whereabouts of the vehicle through GSM module thus reporting the incident .the project provides an efficient solution to control road accidents due to drunk driving.

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Allsop, Richard. "Drink Driving as the Commonest Drug Driving—A Perspective from Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 9521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249521.

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People mixing driving motor vehicles with consuming alcohol increases deaths and injuries on the roads, as was established irrefutably in the mid-1960s. This commentary discusses how society across Europe has responded since then to this burden by managing drink driving in the interests of road safety. The principal response has been to set, communicate and enforce limits on the level of alcohol in the blood above which it is illegal to drive and to deal in various ways with drivers found to be exceeding the limits. Achieving reduction in drink-related road deaths has benefitted public health, though the aim to change behaviour of drinking drivers has been a challenge to the profession. Other achievements have included changes in public attitude to drink driving, and reduction in reoffending by convicted offenders through rehabilitation courses and use of the alcohol interlock, which prevents starting of a vehicle by a driver who has drunk too much. There is scope for improved recording of road deaths identified as drink-related, greater understanding of effectiveness in enforcement of the legal limit and improved availability of the alcohol interlock. Relevance of experience with drink driving to management of other drug driving and prospects for building on the achievements so far are discussed.

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Guo, Zhan, and Zu Ming Xiao. "Design of System to Prevent Drunken Driving Based on GPSGSM Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3873.

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Against drunk driving, this paper puts forward a kind of design scheme of vehicular system to prevent drunk driving based on GPS/GSM technology. The system is at the core of a single chip processor with the use of the alcohol sensor to test the driver's alcohol concentration.alcohol sensor.If alcohol is beyond the limit, cars are banned running and drunk driving information will be sent to the traffic police command monitoring platform through the GPS/GSM technology. The system has the characteristics of integration, human nature, and intelligence.

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Zhou, You. "Ride-sharing, alcohol consumption, and drunk driving." Regional Science and Urban Economics 85 (November 2020): 103594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103594.

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Joshua, Ighalo, Uzairue Stanley, Ochonogor Charles, Amaize Peter, and Kennedy Okokpujie. "Development of alcohol triggered vehicle engine lock system." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v8i1.pp68-76.

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Drunk driving is a very dangerous behavior caused as a result of excessive consumption of alcohol therefore causing distortion in the thought pattern of its victims with a large percentage being drivers of vehicles of all forms. Most of the traffic accidents recorded in recent years are related to drunk driving. Solutions have been proposed, devices developed, all to the sole aim which is to reduce traffic accidents due to drunk driving but none has been quite cable of impairing the driver’s ability to drive. To this end, we model and design an alcohol triggered vehicle engine lock system. This project’s ability to impair the driver’s ability to drive makes it stand out from previous methods or devices developed to reduce road accidents due to drunk driving. The entire system is based on a microcontroller that is used to set an alcohol limit/ threshold which when reached or crossed upon sensing of alcohol in the air by the alcohol sensor, would trigger the buzzer alarm and warning LED of the circuit to alert the driver that his/her blood alcohol concentration at that moment in time wouldn’t be safe for driving. At this point the system automatically locks the ignition system of the vehicle within which it is embedded while an LCD displays information for the driver’s visuals incase the driver’s sight isn’t also impaired while in the drunk state. This project is a prototype to what is proposed with the vehicle’s engine system represented with a DC motor and its ignition system represented with a push button. The overall work was implemented with a constructed work, tested working and perfectly functional.

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Liu, Bing Guo, Yun Han, and Bing Zhao. "Research on the Drunk Driving Intelligent Test System Based on μC/OS-II." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.538.

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The article design the hardware system scheme using STM32F407 as the control core circuit, and designed the software structure of the system and application layer multi task and priority based on transplanted μC/OS operating system. Aimed at that the traditional drunk driving detection system has low sensitivity and unable to distinguish diffuse alcohol signal interference. For accurate identification of pilot and crew alcohol concentration, the paper puts forward a driving intelligent identification wine system based on embeddedμC/OS-II. The experimental results show that the detection sensitivity of the system has high accuracy rate, effectively prevent the purpose for the prevention of drunk driving, drunk driving has very good practical value.

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Tsarev, Sergei A., Andrei V. Shcherban, Sergei A. Suslin, Aleksei A. Katin, and Il'ya I. Sirotko. "ADVANCED APPROACH TO DIAGNOSTICS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL ABUSE." Science and Innovations in Medicine 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2019-4-1-37-41.

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Objectives - to identify the criteria of selecting the applicants for professional drivers who require the carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) assay, which can be applied by an addiction psychiatrist. Material and methods. The extensive analysis of testing results of 232 patients admitted to Samara Regional Narcological Dispensary from its local subsidiaries in Samara and the Samara Region was carried out. Results. The fact of driving in drunk condition in the past was defined as the criterion having the diagnostic value. Conclusion. The patients with the known fact of drunk driving had the majority of positive test results of the chronic alcohol abuse, compared to other groups of patients in this study. These findings make it possible to declare the deprivation of driving license due to the drunk driving to be a valuable criterion to submit the applicant for the CDT assay during his qualifying as a driver.

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Assailly, J. P., and J. Cestac. "Alcohol interlocks and prevention of drunk-driving recidivism." European Review of Applied Psychology 64, no. 3 (May 2014): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2014.03.002.

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Трощинский, Павел, and Pavel Troshchinskiy. "REGULATORY MEASURES AGAINST “DRUNK DRIVING”: CHINA’S EXPERIENCE." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 6 (February 7, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17115.

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The subject of this research includes legal regulations imposed by the Chinese government to combat alcohol (drug-)-impaired driving, and the most high-profile cases containing the elements of the offence at hand are listed as well. The author analyzes the current legislation of the People’s Republic of China that sets out criminal, administrative and disciplinary liability for “drunk drivers”. The research also includes provisions of the PRC Criminal Code, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety, several regulatory instruments adopted by various national authorities, the PRC’s Supreme People’s Court’s elucidation on applying the existing legal regulations in the analyzed sphere. Special attention is paid to the statistical data that confirm the high degree of public danger of the offence at hand, as well as its influence on the overall criminal situation in the country. The conducted research is based on the comparative law methodology; a systematic approach, technical, historical and statistical methods are used to achieve objectives stated in the article. The academic novelty of the research is that comprehensive analysis of the Chinese government’s fight against “drink driving” (its regulatory aspect) has been carried out for the first time in the Russian Jurisprudence and Chinese studies. It is worth mentioning that Chinese law-makers have chosen to include into the Criminal Law a provision criminalizing the alcohol-(drug-) impaired driving regardless of the consequences. This step was preceded by a considerable increase in the number of road accidents caused by drunk drivers. Should two or more people die, Chinese courts impose harsh criminal liability measures on the perpetrator, up to life imprisonment or, in certain cases, even to capital punishment. Moreover, the “drunk driver” is to be dismissed from the civil service and expelled from the ruling party, if he was convicted of the offence at hand. Measures imposed by Chinese law-makers resulted in drastic decrease in the number of road accidents caused by drunk drivers, as well as in considerable decrease in the number of people killed on the Chinese roads.

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Bergman, Hans, Beata Hubicka, and Hans Laurell. "Alcohol Problems and Blood Alcohol Concentration among Swedish Drivers Suspected of Driving under the Influence." Contemporary Drug Problems 32, no. 3 (September 2005): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090503200304.

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The purpose of the study was to map alcohol problems in relation to blood alcohol concentration in a large representative sample of male and female Swedish drivers suspected of drunk driving. Twenty-one hundred suspected DUI offenders (drivers suspected of driving under the influence of alcohol) were assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Information from the police regarding BAC, age, gender, and place and time of the stop was also collected. More than half (58%) of the suspected DUI offenders had alcohol problems, and among these 24% had high levels of alcohol problems. Of specific interest was the observation that almost half (46%) of the suspects with a BAC below the Swedish legal limit of 0.02% had alcohol problems, a prevalence that did not increase until a BAC of 0.10%–0.15%. It can be concluded that the mere suspicion of drunk driving indicates alcohol problems.

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Anum, Emmanuel A., Judy Silberg, and Sheldon M. Retchin. "Heritability of DUI Convictions: A Twin Study of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol." Twin Research and Human Genetics 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.86.

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Background: The study was undertaken to assess the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on drunk-driving. Methods: Driving records of a cohort of male and female twins (N = 17,360) from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry were examined. Structural equation models were used to estimate the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects on male and female phenotypes, and test for gender differences. Results: There were significant gender and age effects. Compared with females, males were five times more likely to engage in driving under the influence. Among persons aged 21–49 years, the risk for drunk-driving was eight times that for those aged 50+ years and five times greater than those ≤20 years. In both males and females, aged 21–49 years, a large proportion (57%) of the variance in drunk-driving was due to genetic factors and the remaining 43% due to individual specific environmental influences. Conclusions: Drunk-driving is under significant genetic influence in both males and females. Our findings suggest that a different set of genes influence DUIs in men and women.

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Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Regina Tomie Ivata Berna, Marta Maria Alves da Silva, Rafael Moreira Claro, Jarbas Barbosa da Silva Júnior, and Ademar Arthur Chioro dos Reis. "Consumption of alcoholic beverages, driving vehicles, a balance of dry law, Brazil 2007-2013." Revista de Saúde Pública 48, no. 4 (August 2014): 692–966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048005633.

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The study analyzes the trend in frequency of adults who drive under the influence of alcohol in major Brazilian cities after the passing of laws, which prohibit drunk driving. Data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL) between 2007 and 2013 were analyzed. The frequency of adults who drove after abusive alcohol consumption was reduced by 45.0% during this period (2.0% in 2007 to 1.1% in 2013). Between 2007 and 2008 (-0.5%) and between 2012 and 2013 (-0.5%), significant reductions were observed in the years immediately after the publication of these laws that prohibit drunk driving. These improvements towards the control of drunk driving show a change in the Brazilian population’s lifestyle.

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Muthukarpan, S. L. A., M. N. Osman, M. Jusoh, T. Sabapathy, M. K. A. Rahim, M. Elshaikh, and Z. I. A. Khalib. "Drunken drive detection with smart ignition lock." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.2241.

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Drink and drive issue have become solemnly that needs immediate attention. This is due to drivers’ ignorance towards road rules and regulations and their selfish attitude that caused loss of innocent lives. Although previously there is a drunk detecting mechanism using breathalyzer but it isn’t suitable for current fast-paced lifestyle. Therefore, to overcome these issues, this system is proposed. This system is fixed on vehicle’s steering to measure alcohol concentration reading using MQ-3 sensor from the driver’s exhaled breath. If the driver found to be drunk beyond the threshold level of 400 ppm, then ignition lock is activated and the car engine does not start till alcohol concentration falls to a safe level. Or, if the driver consumes an alcoholic drink while driving, upon exceeding permissible limit, the car slows down till it stops. Then, the location of the vehicle is tracked and sent as Google Map integrated link via text message to authorized unit. Simultaneously, the car buzzer goes off while the car slows down so that surrounding road users are aware of the driver’s condition and drives at a distance. The proposed detection system is highly potential to be implemented for reducing the drunk and drive accidents.

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Iffland, R., and A. W. Jones. "Evaluating Alleged Drinking After Driving – The Hip-Flask Defence." Medicine, Science and the Law 43, no. 1 (January 2003): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.43.1.39.

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The second part of this review describes the principles and practice of forensic congener analysis as an alternative way to evaluate claims of drinking alcohol after driving. Congener analysis was developed, perfected and practised in Germany as a way to evaluate hip-flask defences. This kind of defence challenge arises frequently when the drunk driving suspect is not apprehended at the wheel and especially after hit-and-run incidents. Besides ethanol and water, alcoholic beverages contain trace amounts of many other low-molecular substances, known collectively as the congeners, which impart the characteristic smell and taste to the drink. Importantly, the congener profile can be used to identify a particular kind of alcoholic beverage. Forensic congener analysis entails making a qualitative and quantitative analysis of ethanol, methanol, n-propanol and the isomers of butanol in blood and urine from the apprehended driver and comparing the results with the known congener profile of the alcoholic beverage allegedly consumed after driving. Interpreting the results of congener analysis requires knowledge about the absorption, distribution and elimination pattern of the congener alcohols, including their oxidation and conjugation reactions, and any metabolic interactions with ethanol. Complications arise if drinks with widely different congener profiles are consumed or if the same beverage was ingested both before and after driving. Despite these limitations, congener analysis can furnish compelling evidence to challenge or support claims of drinking alcohol after driving.

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Gouvin, Eric J. "Drunk Driving and the Alcoholic Offender: A New Approach to an Old Problem." American Journal of Law & Medicine 12, no. 1 (1987): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007425.

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AbstractHealth laws in every state recognize alcoholism as a treatable disease. State drunk driving laws, however, inadequately provide for alcoholic drunk drivers. Studies show that problem drinkers make up as much as two-thirds of the DWI offender class. Alcoholic drunk drivers cannot fully conform their drinking behavior to the dictates of the law as long as their alcoholism remains untreated. This Note argues that the law should consistently treat alcoholism as a disease. This Note suggests that the most appropriate way for the legal system to deal with alcoholic DWI offenders is to suspend the offender's license until he can show that he has successfully completed an initial alcohol detoxification/rehabilitation program. In addition, because alcoholism requires lifelong treatment, alcoholic drivers should be required to present periodic documentation that their condition is under supervised treatment. Epileptic drivers are handled in a similar manner in most states.

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De Cesare, M., V. Jomini, R. Selz, P. Mangin, P. Vaucher, B. Favrat, and M. Augsburger. "PREVALENCE OF UNSOLVED DRINKING PROBLEMS FOR DUI DRIVERS REFERRED FOR MEDICAL EVALUATION IN SWITZERLAND." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2015): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9.2015.2942.

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Estimate the proportion of heavy DUI offenders who do not initiate a treatment for their drinking problem before referring to an official medical expertise to recover their driver’s license. Evaluate the proportion of offenders with drinking problems who became abstinent during 6 months within two years after their offense and their characteristics.Between January 2010 and December 2012, data were collected from 1316 consecutive drivers who were referred to an expertise in a legal medicine Swiss institute to recover their driver’s license after driving under the influence of alcohol. 153 offenders were included in the analysis after excluding patients under the influence of other recreational drugs and patients unfit to drive for other medical reasons. Heavy DUI were defined as first time drunk driving offenders with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ≥2.50 g/kg, or second-time drunk driving offenders within five years with BAC ≥1.60 g/kg in five years, or third-time drunk driving offenders within ten years with BAC ≥0.80 g/kg. 28 subjects of 153 (18%) were considered fit to drive. The rest of the drivers (125, 82%) were considered unfit to drive (drinking problem 77, dissociation alone 48). The majority of offenders (46,4 %) had driving under the influence of alcohol 2 times in the last five years with BAC ≥ 1.60 g/Kg, 65 (42.5%) had BAC ≥ 2.5 and the rest had 3 or more drunk driving offenses. The criteria used for medical and/or psychological assessment are appropriate.

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Chen, Yi Xian. "An Prevent Drunk Driving System Based on Embedded System." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 1521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1521.

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In this paper, a kind of prevent drunk driving system is designed, which is based on the ARM9 core, alcohol detection module, GPS module, GSM module, voice module, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), power and other functional modules are included in this new system. The system detect alcohol concentration, prevent drunk driving through the voice prompt and send text messages to a preset phone number. The system has absorbed the idea that most of the hardware functionality through software modular, so the circuit in the system is simple and that makes the system stability and accuracy greatly improved.

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Duncan, David F., Joseph Donnelly, Thomas Nicholson, and John White. "Chronic Drinking, Binge Drinking, and Drunk Driving II." Psychological Reports 84, no. 1 (February 1999): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.1.145.

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Data from the Rhode Island Behavioral Risk Factor Survey on self-reported alcohol consumption and drunk driving were examined. Driving while intoxicated was significantly associated with both binge drinking and chronic drinking, but the measures of drinking were not significantly associated.

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Wright, Nicholas A., and La-Troy Lee. "Alcohol-related traffic laws and drunk-driving fatal accidents." Accident Analysis & Prevention 161 (October 2021): 106358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2021.106358.

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Hansen, Benjamin. "Punishment and Deterrence: Evidence from Drunk Driving." American Economic Review 105, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 1581–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130189.

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I test the effect of harsher punishments and sanctions on driving under the influence (DUI). In this setting, punishments are determined by strict rules on blood alcohol content (BAC) and previous offenses. Regression discontinuity derived estimates suggest that having a BAC above the DUI threshold reduces recidivism by up to 2 percentage points (17 percent). Likewise having a BAC over the aggravated DUI threshold reduces recidivism by an additional percentage point (9 percent). The results suggest that the additional sanctions experienced by drunk drivers at BAC thresholds are effective in reducing repeat drunk driving. (JEL I12, K42, R41)

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Yao, Ying, Xiaohua Zhao, Hongji Du, Yunlong Zhang, Guohui Zhang, and Jian Rong. "Classification of Fatigued and Drunk Driving Based on Decision Tree Methods: A Simulator Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111935.

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It is a commonly known fact that both alcohol and fatigue impair driving performance. Therefore, the identification of fatigue and drinking status is very important. In this study, each of the 22 participants finished five driving tests in total. The control condition, serving as the benchmark in the five driving tests, refers to alert driving. The other four test conditions include driving with three blood alcohol content (BAC) levels (0.02%, 0.05%, and 0.08%) and driving in a fatigued state. The driving scenario included straight and curved roads. The straight roads connected the curved ones with radii of 200 m, 500 m, and 800 m with two turning directions (left and right). Driving performance indicators such as the average and standard deviation of longitudinal speed and lane position were selected to identify drunk driving and fatigued driving. In the process of identification, road geometry (straight segments, radius, and direction of curves) was also taken into account. Alert vs. abnormal and fatigued vs. drunk driving with various BAC levels were analyzed separately using the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) model, and the significance of the variables on the binary response variable was determined. The results showed that the decision tree could be used to distinguish normal driving from abnormal driving, fatigued driving, and drunk driving based on the indexes of vehicle speed and lane position at curves with different radii. The overall accuracy of classification of “alert” and “abnormal” driving was 90.9%, and that of “fatigued” and “drunk” driving was 94.4%. The accuracy was relatively low in identifying different BAC degrees. This experiment is designed to provide a reference for detecting dangerous driving states.

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Fu, Chuan Yun, and Yu Long Pei. "Analysis on Driver’s Physiological and Eye Movement Characteristics under Alcohol Effect." Advanced Engineering Forum 5 (July 2012): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.5.138.

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Drink-driving has a significant impact on road traffic safety. Based on the choice of driver’s physiological and eye movement characteristics indicators, this study compared driver's skin electricity change characteristics was compared under different alcohol intake, heart rate scatter diagram was used to establish the Poincare section, and driver’s physiological characteristics under alcohol effect were analyzed. Driver’s fixation, saccade and blink were compared under different alcohol intake to study the change of some characteristics. On the basis of the recovery experiment of drivers’ physiological and eye movement characteristics after drinking, this study gave the elimination time under alcohol effect of physiological and eye movement characteristics then revealed the change law of the driver’s physiological and eye movement characteristics under alcohol effect. Results show that alcohol effect elimination time can be determined by analyzing driver’s physiological and eye movement characteristics indices, which is useful for mastering the reasonable driving time after drunk.

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De Joy, David M. "Perpetrators' and Servers' Responsibility and Punishment for Drunk-Driving Outcomes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 2 (April 1987): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.2.455.

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Observers (N = 169) were presented written descriptions of alcohol-related motor vehicle incidents that varied according to seventy of outcome, blood alcohol level (BAL) of the perpetrator, and prevailing road conditions. Observers made attributions of responsibility and recommendations for punishment for both perpetrator and alcohol server. Severity-dependent effects were obtained for perpetrators' punishment but relatively high levels of responsibility were assigned to the perpetrator across outcomes, and observers did not differentiate between accident and apprehension outcomes in attributing responsibility. BAL affected perpetrators' punishment but not responsibility, while adverse road conditions produced the opposite pattern of results. In general, relatively low levels of responsibility and punishment were assigned to the server, but both measures were influenced by road conditions, primarily at the intermediate BAL. The divergent findings for responsibility and punishment are discussed.

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Crowe, James W., and William J. Bailey. "Self-Interest and Attitudes about Legislation Controlling Alcohol." Psychological Reports 76, no. 3 (June 1995): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3.995.

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A stratified random sample of 505 adult Indiana residents living in households with telephones was surveyed using random-digit dialing to assess their attitudes about nine specific legislative proposals to control drunk driving or underage drinking and to assess the effects of self-interest on those attitudes. A two-stage Mitofsky-Waksberg design was used in the computer-assisted telephone-interview process. There was widespread support for all nine proposals, but self-interest, related to personal vulnerability for enforcement of those measures, reduced the support of regular drinkers for drunk-driving controls compared with nondrinkers' support. Parents of children aged 18 and younger were less likely than nonparents to support imposing parental liability for the consequences of children's underage drinking.

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Płachecka, Magdalena. "Alcohol consumption by the drivers as a risk factor in public transport." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 7-8 (August 31, 2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.272.

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Issues to do with driving vehicles after drinking alcohol as well as being in a state of intoxication have been the object of interest in units, institutions, organs of public administrations, which carry out actions to increase the safety of road traffic in Poland. The aspect of drunk driving should be considered on the public heath spectrum, as a result of accidents caused by drunk driving hundreds of people die and thousands are left severely injured. In order to build awareness among people driving motor vehicles, programs, initiatives and different promotion actions are introduced to raise the importance of not driving after drinking alcohol. The purpose of this article is to present and assess actions made to improve the safety of people participating in road traffic with particular emphasis on public transport, eg. buses. The actions and initiatives taken at the national level have been discussed which will improve and increase road safety.

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Maenhout, Thomas M., Anneleen Poll, Tijl Vermassen, Marc L. De Buyzere, and Joris R. Delanghe. "Usefulness of indirect alcohol biomarkers for predicting recidivism of drunk-driving among previously convicted drunk-driving offenders: results from the Recidivism Of Alcohol-impaired Driving (ROAD) study." Addiction 109, no. 1 (November 20, 2013): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.12372.

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Giorgi, Salvatore, David B. Yaden, Johannes C. Eichstaedt, Robert D. Ashford, Anneke E. K. Buffone, H. Andrew Schwartz, Lyle H. Ungar, and Brenda Curtis. "Cultural Differences in Tweeting about Drinking Across the US." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041125.

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Excessive alcohol use in the US contributes to over 88,000 deaths per year and costs over $250 billion annually. While previous studies have shown that excessive alcohol use can be detected from general patterns of social media engagement, we characterized how drinking-specific language varies across regions and cultures in the US. From a database of 38 billion public tweets, we selected those mentioning “drunk”, found the words and phrases distinctive of drinking posts, and then clustered these into topics and sets of semantically related words. We identified geolocated “drunk” tweets and correlated their language with the prevalence of self-reported excessive alcohol consumption (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; BRFSS). We then identified linguistic markers associated with excessive drinking in different regions and cultural communities as identified by the American Community Project. “Drunk” tweet frequency (of the 3.3 million geolocated “drunk” tweets) correlated with excessive alcohol consumption at both the county and state levels (r = 0.26 and 0.45, respectively, p < 0.01). Topic analyses revealed that excessive alcohol consumption was most correlated with references to drinking with friends (r = 0.20), family (r = 0.15), and driving under the influence (r = 0.14). Using the American Community Project classification, we found a number of cultural markers of drinking: religious communities had a high frequency of anti-drunk driving tweets, Hispanic centers discussed family members drinking, and college towns discussed sexual behavior. This study shows that Twitter can be used to explore the specific sociocultural contexts in which excessive alcohol use occurs within particular regions and communities. These findings can inform more targeted public health messaging and help to better understand cultural determinants of substance abuse.

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Landreville, Pierre, and Chantal Lavergne. "L’alcool au volant, c’est criminel depuis 1921 !" Criminologie 22, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017271ar.

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Bill C-51 passed by the Canadian Parliament in 1985 and the publicity surrounding this legislation led many people to believe that a new crime regarding impaired driving had been created. This Bill, however, was to simply increase the penalty for drunk driving in the case of a first conviction. In fact, the penal solution to the “problem” of drunk driving is not new; in 1921 the offence of impaired driving was first introduced into the Code. This article examines the evolution of the prohibition of driving under the influence of alcohol in the Canadian Criminal Code and the enforcement of this law in Canada, in Quebec and in Ontario from 1921 to 1973. The first part presents the evolution of legislation concerning impaired driving. It goes through six important phases and covers the period from 1921 to 1973. The second part presents the statistical data used in our study. We also consider the reliability and validity of the data used. In the last part, we analyze the implementation of the law on infractions relating to drunk driving in a state of drunkeness indictable offence and summary conviction offence driving under the influence of alcohol or a drug (indictable offence and summary conviction offence), and finally, refusal to furnish a sample of breath (summary conviction offence). In conclusion, we present several recommendations based on the results of our analysis.

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Moan, Inger Synnøve, Thor Norström, and Elisabet E. Storvoll. "Alcohol Use and Drunk Driving: The Modifying Effect of Impulsivity." Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 74, no. 1 (January 2013): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2013.74.114.

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García-Echalar, Andrés, and Tomás Rau. "The Effects of Increasing Penalties in Drunk Driving Laws—Evidence from Chile." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 8103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218103.

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This paper analyzes Chile’s drunk driving laws and their effects on car crashes, injuries, and deaths. There were two policy changes. While the 2012 law increased license suspension penalties and decreased the legal blood alcohol limits for drivers, the 2014 law only increased sanctions, including at least one year of actual imprisonment for drunk driving implicated in car crashes with severe injury or death. We use a rich data set of countrywide administrative records that permit us to identify direct measures of alcohol-related accidents, including fatalities and injuries. We also have access to blood alcohol tests to assess whether the laws affected drivers’ alcohol consumption. Using count data models and a rich set of covariates, including police stops and gasoline sales, we find a short-run decrease in accidents and injuries for the 2012 law and a sustained decline in these outcomes for the 2014 law. Neither intervention has an effect on deaths. There is a marginal decline in alcohol consumption after the enactment of both legal changes. However, while the 2012 law only affects male drivers, the 2014 law affects both males and females. No reductions in alcohol intake are found for heavy drinkers.

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Jones, A. W. "4. Are a Blood Alcohol Concentration of 256mg/dl and Minimal Signs of Impairment Reliable Indications of Alcohol Dependence?" Medicine, Science and the Law 34, no. 3 (July 1994): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249403400316.

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This article describes a drink-driving scenario where a woman was apprehended for driving under the influence (DUI) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 256mg/dl1 The correctness of this result was vigorously challenged by a medical expert witness for the defence, who was actually a specialist in alcohol diseases. Despite reanalysis to confirm the BAC as well as a DNA profile to prove the identity of the blood specimen, the woman was acquitted of the charge of drunk driving by the lower court. However, she was subsequently found guilty in the High Court of Appeals with a unanimous decision and sentenced to four weeks imprisonment. This case report illustrates some of the problems surrounding the use of expert medical evidence by the defence to challenge the validity of the prosecution evidence based solely on a suspect's BAC. In situations such as these, an expert witness should be called by the prosecution to clarify and, if necessary, rebut medical and/or scientific opinions that might mislead the court and influence the outcome of the trial.

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Slater, Michael D., David Karan, Donna Rouner, Kevin Murphy, and Frederick Beauvais. "Developing and Assessing Alcohol Warning Content: Responses to Quantitative Information and Behavioral Recommendations in Warnings with Television Beer Advertisements." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 17, no. 1 (March 1998): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569801700106.

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The authors develop, pretest, and experimentally examine alcohol warnings that include quantitative information and behavioral recommendations across three topics (drunk driving, alcohol and cancer, and alcohol-drug interactions). Findings indicate that the effects of quantitative information were contingent on the warning topic and outcome measure used; behavioral recommendations had little effect.

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Tokko, Tõnis, Diva Eensoo, Mariliis Vaht, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Andreas Reif, and Jaanus Harro. "Relapse of drunk driving and association with traffic accidents, alcohol-related problems and biomarkers of impulsivity." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 31, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.30.

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AbstractObjectiveIndividual biological predispositions should play a role in risky driving behaviour. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene polymorphisms have been identified as markers of impulsivity, alcohol use and excessive risk-taking. We aimed to find out how this knowledge on neurobiology of impulsivity applies to drunk driving and traffic behaviour in general.MethodsWe have longitudinally examined the behaviour of drunk drivers (n = 203) and controls (n = 211) in traffic, in association with their alcohol-related problems, personality measures and the three biomarkers. We analysed differences between the subjects based on whether they had committed driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) violation in a 10-year time period after recruitment or not and investigated further, what kind of predictive value do the different biomarkers have in committing DWI and other traffic violations and accidents.ResultsThe original drunk drivers group had lower platelet MAO activity but further DWI was not significantly associated with this measure. Being a NPSR1 T-allele carrier contributed to the risk of repeatedly committing DWI. DAT1 9R carriers in contrast were involved in more traffic accidents by their own fault (active accidents), compared to 10R homozygotes in the whole sample. All groups with DWI also had significantly more alcohol-related problems and higher scores in maladaptive impulsivity compared to controls without DWI.ConclusionsEstablished biological markers of alcohol use and impulsivity can be reliably associated with everyday traffic behaviour and help in contributing to the understanding of the need for more personalized prevention activities.

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Kharchenko, M. A., and M. A. Plotnikova. "Developing Safe Driving Attitudes Among Novice Drivers." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 4 (2020): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130413.

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Drinking and driving is one of the most pressing issues in road safety worldwide. Alcohol impaired driving significantly increases the risk of being involved in a road crash and the severity of its consequences. Alcohol related crashes are the leading course of death and disability — they account for up to 60% of the fatalities in road crashes, while “drunk” crashes account for only about 10% of the total number of car accidents. This problem is relevant for all countries where the use of alcoholic beverages is legalized. In this study, we experimentally researched the formation of social attitudes of safe driving among novice drivers associated with drinking and driving. The experimental group of learning drivers received an additional module “Drinking and Driving are incompatible” incorporated into the traditional training course. The experiment revealed statistically significant differences in the cognitive component of the attitude of novice drivers and the absence of such in the affective and behavioral components.

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Carpenter, Christopher. "Heavy Alcohol Use and Crime: Evidence from Underage Drunk‐Driving Laws." Journal of Law and Economics 50, no. 3 (August 2007): 539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519809.

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Porter, Lauren C. "Trying Something Old: The Impact of Shame Sanctioning on Drunk Driving and Alcohol-Related Traffic Safety." Law & Social Inquiry 38, no. 04 (2013): 863–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01325.x.

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Largely absent from US criminal sentencing since the early 1800s, shame penalties have been staging a comeback. This revival has been met by a number of debates among legal scholars, one of which centers on the potential for such penalties to reduce crime. This study addresses this debate by investigating the impact of formal shaming on drunk driving and alcohol-related traffic safety in Ohio. In accordance with the Traffic Law Reform Act of 2004, judges have since been mandated to issue “restricted plates” to certain first-time and all repeat DUI offenders with limited driving privileges. Results indicate a curvilinear association between punishment levels and drunk driving. Increases in the certainty and visibility of plates are associated with decreases in suspension rates, but there is a point at which increasing the punishment level no longer retains its intended impact. In addition, levels of punishment are unrelated to alcohol-related traffic safety.

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Connors, Gerard J., Stephen A. Maisto, and Seth M. Ersner-Hershfield. "Behavioral Treatment of Drunk-driving Recidivists: Short-term and Long-term Effects." Behavioural Psychotherapy 14, no. 1 (January 1986): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300012477.

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This study was designed to investigate the relative effects of two behavioral group treatments on short-term (knowledge and attitude change) and long-term (recidivism) variables among persons with multiple arrests for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI). Subjects were randomly assigned to a behavioral treatment that was highly-individualized and focused on principles of self-control or to a general behavioral treatment (which focused on alcohol education, relaxation training, and guided reevaluation of situations typically associated with DUI arrests). Results showed that subjects in both groups reported, over treatment, a more frequent use of portable breath test devices for assessing blood alcohol levels and perceived an increased probability of being arrested if they drank and drove. In addition, subjects in the individualized behavioral groups reported that they subsequently spent more time thinking about avoiding DUI. However, the two treatment groups did not differ in their rates of DUI arrest recidivism (which averaged 11.7% per year over the three-year follow-up period). One third of the subjects were rearrested for DUI during the 36-month follow-up period, although there were indications that rearrests may have been delayed as a function of the treatment interventions. Taken together, the data suggest that these drunk-driving recidivists may be responsive to the treatment interventions described herein. Additional research is needed to specify the relative impact of the behavioral techniques utilized in the treatment programs and to identify strategies for maintaining treatment gains over longer periods of time.

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Dorigatti, Alcir Escocia, Laísa Simakawa Jimenez, Barbara Ribeiro Redondano, Rodrigo Barros de Carvalho, Thiago Rodrigues Araujo Calderan, and Gustavo Pereira Fraga. "Importance of multidisciplinary trauma prevention program for youth." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 41, no. 4 (August 2014): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912014004004.

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OBJECTIVE: present the experience of the P.A.R.T.Y. program in Campinas, thereby changing the habits of young people.METHODS: The organizers visited the participating schools talking to the students, who are aged between 14-18 years. These students spent an afternoon at the Clinics Hospital of Unicamp, where, for four hours, they attended lectures of the organizers, partners and municipal sectors, and also visited the hospital, talking with trauma victims. Questionnaires were evaluated between2010-2012, being applied before and after the project.RESULTS:2,450 high school students attended the program. The mean age is 16 ± 0,99 years and 37.6% were male. 3.6% of males already drive while drunk versus 0.8% of women. Before the project 116 (11.3%) thought that drunk driving wasn't a risk, and only 37 (3.6%) knew the alcohol effects. After the project, 441 (43%) began to consider drunk driving a risk and 193 (18.8%) know the alcohol effects when driving. 956 (93.3%) considered that prevention projects have a huge impact on their formation.CONCLUSION: It's expected that the attendees will act as multipliers of information, conveying the message of prevention to their entire social circles resulting in reduction in the number of trauma events involving the young, in the long term.

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Niederdeppe, Jeff, Rosemary J. Avery, and Emily Elizabeth Namaste Miller. "Theoretical Foundations of Appeals Used in Alcohol-Abuse and Drunk-Driving Public Service Announcements in the United States, 1995-2010." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 4 (May 16, 2017): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117706422.

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Purpose: The study identifies the extent to which theoretical constructs drawn from well-established message effect communication theories are reflected in the content of alcohol-related public service announcements (PSAs) airing in the United States over a 16-year period. Design: Content analysis of 18 530 141 alcohol-abuse (AA) and drunk-driving (DD) PSAs appearing on national network and local cable television stations in the 210 largest designated marketing areas (DMAs) from January 1995 through December 2010. Measures: The authors developed a detailed content analytic codebook and trained undergraduate coders to reliably identify the extent to which theoretical constructs and other creative ad elements are reflected in the PSAs. We show these patterns using basic descriptive statistics. Results: Although both classes of alcohol-related PSAs used strategies that are consistent with major message effect theories, their specific theoretical orientations differed dramatically. The AA PSAs were generally consistent with constructs emphasized by the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), whereas DD PSAs were more likely to use normative strategies emphasized by the Focus Theory of Narrative Conduct (FTNC) or source credibility appeals central to the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Conclusion: Having identified message content, future research should use deductive approaches to determine if volume and message content of alcohol-control PSAs have an impact on measures of alcohol consumption and/or measures of drunk driving, such as fatalities or driving while intoxicated/driving under the influence arrests.

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Chung, Jinhwa, Hailey Hayeon Joo, and Seongman Moon. "Designated Driver Service Availability and Its Effects on Drunk Driving Behaviors." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1543–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0122.

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Abstract Designated driver service in Korea offers a convenient and affordable solution for drunk drivers to reach their destinations with their own vehicles. We investigate the influence of this service availability on drunk driving behaviors, using Korean panel data from 1998 to 2011. We find that an increase in designated driver firms significantly reduces both alcohol-involved and total traffic fatality rates, while the effects of well-known deterrence policies are weak. This result is further supported by a counterfactual analysis which compares the effect of the service on traffic fatality rates in daytime to those in nighttime when the rate of the service use is substantially higher.

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Guo, Zhan, and Zu Ming Xiao. "Design of System to Prevent Drunken Driving Based on Internet of Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.120.

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The number of traffic accidents, caused by driving when intoxicated by alcohol (DWI), is increasing with the arrival of the Chinese automobile society, and affect the society seriously. DWI has become brutal killers increasingly. The DWI has caused much economic losses and casualties in the world. In order to eliminate the DWI, many countries have made lots of ways to prevent drunk driving. A hand-held breath alcohol tester and headspace gas chromatograph blood alcohol tester are always used by the police. A handheld alcohol tester has many disadvantages, such as wasting police power, heavy workload, low efficiency, narrow coverage and affecting the normal traffic. Therefore, the study of the system to prevent drunken driving has a very important practical significance.

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Sakairi, Minoru, Daisuke Suzuki, Ayako Nishimura, Yukiko Ichige, and Masashi Kiguchi. "Simultaneous detection of breath and alcohol using breath-alcohol sensor for prevention of drunk driving." IEICE Electronics Express 7, no. 6 (2010): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.7.467.

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Huang, Chun Hua. "The Design of Smart Alcohol Testing System Based on Internet of Things." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1927.

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This paper briefly introduces the related concepts of Internet of things (IOT). The applications based IOT is focus on the solution of testing alcohol when drunk driving. The design of smart alcohol testing system based on the IOT is proposed. The topology of the system is given. In the end, it shows deeply Smart Alcohol Testing system is the urgency of industry development wherever from personal, public service and the government needs. It can provide the better services of alcohol testing.

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Gurnack, Anne M., and Daniel L. Werbie. "Characteristics of Youths Arrested for Drunk Driving in Two Wisconsin Counties 1981–1984." Psychological Reports 57, no. 3_suppl (December 1985): 1271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3f.1271.

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As young people constitute a disproportionate share of convicted intoxicated drivers, it is necessary to identify those factors related to age which can give some indication as to their potential for rehabilitation. In a study conducted in two Wisconsin counties (Racine and Kenosha), young drivers were less likely to be repeated offenders, less likely to be sent to treatment than the traffic safety alternative, less likely to be assessed as alcohol-dependent, more likely to be out of compliance with the law, and tended mote often to be arrested with lower blood alcohol concentrations (BAC).

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Werch, Chudley E., David Coady, and Michael Harwell. "Portable Breath Alcohol Testers and Drinking-Driving Behavior of Convicted Drunk Drivers." International Journal of the Addictions 21, no. 2 (January 1986): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826088609063456.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Alcohol Drunk driving'

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