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Journal articles on the topic 'Alcohol. Oxidation. Potassium permanganate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Juršić, Branko. "Surfactant assisted permanganate oxidation of aromatic compounds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 9 (1989): 1381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-211.

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Potassium permanganate in aqueous solutions of surfactant can be used to oxidize aromatic compounds to the corresponding acids. It has been found that oxidation of aromatic alcohols and aldehydes proceeds under mild reaction conditions, while the oxidation of alkylbenzenes requires higher temperatures. The yields are very high and the work-up is simple, which makes oxidation with potassium permanganate a convenient synthetic method. Keywords: surfactant, oxidation, aromatic compounds, catalysis.

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2

Barbon, Silvia, Elena Stocco, Daniele Dalzoppo, et al. "Halogen-Mediated Partial Oxidation of Polyvinyl Alcohol for Tissue Engineering Purposes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (2020): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030801.

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Partial oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with potassium permanganate turned out to be an efficient method to fabricate smart scaffolds for tissue engineering, endowed with biodegradation and protein delivery capacity. This work considered for the first time the use of halogens (bromine, chlorine and iodine) as less aggressive agents than potassium permanganate to perform controlled PVA oxidation, in order to prevent degradation of polymer molecular size upon chemical modification. Oxidized PVA solutions were chemically characterized (i.e., dinitrophenylhydrazine assay, viscosity measurements, molecular size distribution) before preparing physically cross-linked hydrogels. Scaffolds were assessed for their mechanical properties and cell/tissue biocompatibiliy through cytotoxic extract test on IMR-90 fibroblasts and subcutaneous implantation into BALB/c mice. According to chemical investigations, bromine and iodine allowed for minor alteration of polymer molecular weight. Uniaxial tensile tests demonstrated that oxidized scaffolds had decreased mechanical resistance to deformation, suggesting tunable hydrogel stiffness. Finally, oxidized hydrogels exhibited high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, resulting neither to be cytotoxic nor to elicit severe immunitary host reaction in comparison with atoxic PVA. In conclusion, PVA hydrogels oxidized by halogens were successfully fabricated in the effort of adapting polymer characteristics to specific tissue engineering applications.

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3

Dietrich, A. M., R. C. Hoehn, L. C. Dufresne, L. W. Buffin, D. M. C. Rashash, and B. C. Parker. "Oxidation of odorous and nonodorous algal metabolites by permanganate, chlorine, and chlorine dioxide." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (1995): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0439.

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The six algal metabolites, at concentrations of 20-225 μg/l, were oxidized with potassium permanganate, chlorine, or chlorine dioxide at doses of 0.25-3 mg/l. Flavor profile analysis (FPA) was used to determine the odors of the solutions before and after oxidation. Linoleic and palmitic acids, which are odorless compounds, were oxidized to odorous products by all three oxidants. The odor intensity of β-cyclocitral (grape, sweet tobacco) and phenethyl alcohol (rose, floral) was only slightly decreased by any of the oxidants. Oxidation by permanganate or chlorine either eliminated or greatly reduced the odors associated with linolenic acid (watermelon) and 2t,6c-nonadienal (cucumber); chlorine dioxide was ineffective at reducing the cucumber odor of 2t,6c-nonadienal. Oxidation, at doses typically applied for drinking water treatment, can result in the destruction of certain algae-related odors but in the formation of other odors.

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4

Jefford, Charles W., and Ying Wang. "Selective, heterogeneous oxidation of alcohols and diols with potassium permanganate." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 10 (1988): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39880000634.

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5

Xuan Thi, Luu Thi. "SELECTIVE AND EFFICIENT OXIDATION OF UNSATURATED ALCOHOLS AS CONSTITUENTS IN ESSENTIAL OILS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 2C (2018): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2c/11853.

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Essential oil unsaturated alcohols have been oxidized efficiently into the correspondingunsaturated aldehydes by potassium permanganate supported copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.Unsaturated aldehydes such as geranial and cinnamaldehyde being valuable components in food,cosmetic, perfumery and pharmaceutical chemistry, have been obtained in good yields (> 60%)under two activation methods: microwave irradiation and conventional heating.

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6

Wang, Lan-Zhou, Ji-Dong Lou, and Li-Yun Zhu. "Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Aluminum Silicate Reagent." Monatshefte f�r Chemie / Chemical Monthly 135, no. 1 (2004): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-003-0098-x.

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7

Kumar, Anil, Nidhi Jain, and S. M. S. Chauhan. "Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with Potassium Permanganate in Ionic Liquids." Synthetic Communications 34, no. 15 (2004): 2835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-200026242.

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8

Lou, Ji‐Dong, Guo‐Qiang Wang, Li Li, and Li‐Yun Zhu. "Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by a New Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Graphite Reagent." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 35, no. 4 (2005): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sim-200055239.

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9

Lou, Ji‐Dong, Yi‐Chun Ma, Yong‐Jun Zhang, and Chun‐Ling Gao. "Solvent‐Free Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Graphite by Shaking." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 36, no. 4 (2006): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533170600651363.

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10

Porzionato, Andrea, Silvia Barbon, Elena Stocco, et al. "Development of Oxidized Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Nerve Conduits Coupled with the Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor." Materials 12, no. 12 (2019): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121996.

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Functionalized synthetic conduits represent a promising strategy to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration by guiding axon growth while delivering therapeutic neurotrophic factors. In this work, hollow nerve conduits made of polyvinyl alcohol partially oxidized with bromine (OxPVA_Br2) and potassium permanganate (OxPVA_KMnO4) were investigated for their structural/biological properties and ability to absorb/release the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Chemical oxidation enhanced water uptake capacity of the polymer, with maximum swelling index of 60.5% ± 2.5%, 71.3% ± 3.6% and 19.5% ± 4.0% for OxPVA_Br2, OxPVA_KMnO4 and PVA, respectively. Accordingly, hydrogel porosity increased from 15.27% ± 1.16% (PVA) to 62.71% ± 8.63% (OxPVA_Br2) or 77.50% ± 3.39% (OxPVA_KMnO4) after oxidation. Besides proving that oxidized PVA conduits exhibited mechanical resistance and a suture holding ability, they did not exert a cytotoxic effect on SH-SY5Y and Schwann cells and biodegraded over time when subjected to enzymatic digestion, functionalization with CNTF was performed. Interestingly, higher amounts of neurotrophic factor were detected in the lumen of OxPVA_Br2 (0.22 ± 0.029 µg) and OxPVA_KMnO4 (0.29 ± 0.033 µg) guides rather than PVA (0.11 ± 0.021 µg) tubular scaffolds. In conclusion, we defined a promising technology to obtain drug delivery conduits based on functionalizable oxidized PVA hydrogels.

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11

Lou, Ji‐Dong, Li‐Li Pan, Li Li, Feng Li, and Chun‐Ling Gao. "Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Silica Gel under Solvent‐Free Conditions." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 36, no. 10 (2006): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533170601028215.

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12

Lou, Ji-Dong, and Wen-Xing Lou. "Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with a New Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Kieselguhr Reagent." Synthetic Communications 27, no. 21 (1997): 3697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919708007290.

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13

Ali, Md Eaqub, Md Motiar Rahman, and Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid. "Nanoclustered Gold: A Promising Green Catalysts for the Oxidation of Alkyl Substituted Benzenes." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.38.

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Catalytic oxidation of alkyl substituted benzenes is an essential route for the synthesis of a number of important chemicals, perfumes, drugs and pharmaceuticals. The oxidation products of ethyl benzene are important precursors for a wide range of pharmaceuticals and synthetic materials. Acetophenone and 1-phenylethanol are two oxidation products of ethyl benzene which are the precursors of optically active alcohol, benzalacetophanones, hydrazones and so on. However, the oxidations of alkyl substituted benzenes have been remaining a challenging task. This is because of the limitations of an appropriate catalyst and requirement of corrosive chemical treatments (potassium permanganate/dichromate and ammonium cerium nitrate) which are hazardous and environmentally unfriendly. The current industrial practice in the oxidation of ethyl benzene unfortunately involves high temperature thermal autoxidation in the absence of catalysts. Although few catalysts have been tested for the oxidation of ethyl benzene, many of them found to be inefficient. For example, cobalt (II) oxide-immobilized on mesoporous silica (Co/SBA-15) was used to catalyze oxidation of alkyl benzene at high temperature (125-150°C) but only 70% conversion was obtained after prolong treatment at 150°C. Additionally, the catalyst formed mixed uncontrolled oxidation products like 1-phenylethyl hydro peroxide, benzoic acid, acetophenone and phenyl ethanol. Carbon/silica/metal oxide supported nanoporous gold is a promising green catalyst for heterogenous molecular transformation. This is because of their three dimensional open pore network structures, high surface to volume ratio, high reusability, distinct optolectronic and physio-chemical properties. Mesoporous carbon/silica/metal oxide thin film supports provide increase dispersion of metal nanocatalysts and facilitate transport of molecules, ions or electrons through the nanopores/nanochannels, enhancing product yields with minimum cost and time. This paper has reviewed various gold-skeleton green catalysts and their preparation and mechanistic schemes for the selective oxidation of alkyl substituted benzenes.

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14

Luu, Thi Xuan Thi, Peter Christensen, Fritz Duus, and Thach Ngoc Le. "Microwave- and Ultrasound-Accelerated Green Oxidation of Alcohols by Potassium Permanganate absorbed on Copper(II) Sulfate Pentahydrate." Synthetic Communications 38, no. 12 (2008): 2011–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397910801997819.

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15

Mirjalili, Bibi Fatemeh, Mohamad Ali Zolfigol, Abdolhamid Bamoniri, and Amin Zarei. "Solvent-free Oxidation of Alcohols by Silica Sulfuric Acid/Sodium Dichromate Dihydrate or Potassium Permanganate/Wet SiO2System." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 51, no. 3 (2004): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.200400076.

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16

LOU, J. D., and W. X. LOU. "ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with a New Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Kieselguhr Reagent." ChemInform 29, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199802040.

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17

Launikonis, A., PA Lay, AWH Mau, AM Sargeson, and WHF Sasse. "Light-Induced Electron-Transfer Reactions Involving the Tris(2,2'-Bipyridine)Ruthenium Dication and Related Complexes. 3. Improved Synthesis of 2,2'-Bipyridine-4,4'-Dicarboxylic Acid and Photoreduction of Water by Bis(2,2'-Bipyridine)(2,2'-Bipyridine-4,4'-Dicarboxylic Acid)Ruthenium(II)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 7 (1986): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9861053.

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The oxidation of 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine with potassium permanganate in water gives 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid and 4′-methyl-2,2?-bipyridine-4-carboxylic acid. The latter acid is oxidized to the diacid by boiling nitric acid. Complexes of the type Ru ( bpy )2L2+ have been prepared where L is 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′- dicarboxylic acid, diethyl 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylate, 4′- methyl-2,2′-bipyridine-4-carboxylic acid and ethyl 4′-methyl-2,2′- bipyridine-4-carboxylate. These complexes have been compared with [ Ru ( bpy )3]2+ as sensitizers for the photoreduction of water. Stern- Volmer analysis has been applied to the quenching of their luminescence by methylviologen (mv2+), [Co(sep)]3+ (sep is 1,3,6,8,10,13,16,19- octaazabicyclo [6.6.6] icosane ) and [Co( CLsar )]3+ ( CLsar is 1-chloro- 3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6] icosane ). Changes in the Stern-Volmer constants have been related to the free energy changes associated with the oxidative quenching and the overall charges of the ruthenium complexes. The rates of formation of hydrogen compared favourably in sacrificial cycles with the ruthenium complexes as sensitizers, mv2+, Co(sep)3+ as electron-transfer agents, platinum/poly(vinyl alcohol) as catalyst, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as electron donor. The results obtained have been discussed in terms of variations in the efficiencies of cage escape in the oxidative quenching and competition between electron transfer and energy transfer.

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18

Lou, Ji-Dong, Chun-Ling Gao, Li Li, and Zhi-Gang Fang. "An Efficient Selective Oxidation of Alcohols with Potassium Permanganate Adsorbed on Aluminum Silicate under Solvent-free Conditions and Shaking." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 137, no. 8 (2006): 1071–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-006-0506-0.

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19

Shokrolahi, Arash, Abbas Zali, and Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz. "Wet carbon-based solid acid/potassium permanganate as an efficient heterogeneous reagents for oxidation of alcohols under mild conditions." Chinese Chemical Letters 19, no. 11 (2008): 1274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2008.09.020.

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20

Ivon, Ye, V. Le, and Z. Voitenko. "SYNTHESIS OF PHENYLACETYL MIDA BORONATES BY OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF VICINAL DIOLS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Chemistry, no. 1(55) (2018): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2209.2018.1(55).12.

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A synthetical approach to acyl(N-methyliminodiacetyl)boronates starting from 1-substituted alkenylboronates has been developed. A comparison of different methods of oxidative cleavage of an α-borylated C-C bound was made. It was found, that the best results can be obtained by sequential osmium tetroxide-catalyzed dihydroxylation of an alkene moiety followed by cleavage of the obtained vicinal diol. The cleavage procedure takes place at 0°C in homogeneous conditions (solution of periodic acid in THF) and it is complete in 10 minutes (more prolonged contact with an oxidant solution results in degradation of the target compound). On the other hand, using of ruthenium tetroxide-based reagents results in overoxidation with simultaneous loss of boron moiety. Potassium permanganate protocols leads to the α-borylated-α-hydroxyketone, which is prone to further oxidation. Although 1-alkyl-vinylboronates react smoothly with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid to give corresponding oxiranes (without cleavage of C-B bound), the latter ones are stable toward action of sodium meta-periodate or periodic acid. The results were shown on the model compound – phenylacetyl MIDA boronate. Precursor of this compound, namely, Z-2-(N-methyliminodiacetylboryl)-1-phenylbut-2-ene was prepared in four steps, starting from common-use reagents with 32% overall yield. Thus the new approach allows acetyl MIDA boronates to be prepared just in 6 linear steps. It is remarkable, that mild and homogeneous conditions of the oxidation step permit to carry out this transformation on gram scale. A preliminary investigation of these substances stability towards common methods of working up and purification procedures was made. It was found, that phenylacetyl MIDA boronate and preceding diol, both are stable to storage at ambient conditions (tightly closed vessel, ambient temperature) at least for one month, showing no changes in its NMR spectra. Also, these compounds are stable to extractive work up with NaHCO3, Na2S2O3 and diluted acids. Stability toward chromatography on silica, prolonged contact with water or alcohols is limited. Structures and purity of compounds in this work was established by 1H, 13C – NMR and HPLC-analyses.

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21

Shaabani, Ahmad, Farahnaz Tavasoli‐Rad, and Donald G. Lee. "Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of Organic Compounds." Synthetic Communications 35, no. 4 (2005): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/scc-200049792.

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22

LI, Na, Maohong FAN, Johannes Van Leeuwen, Basudeb Saha, Hongqun YANG, and C. P. HUANG. "Oxidation of As(III) by potassium permanganate." Journal of Environmental Sciences 19, no. 7 (2007): 783–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(07)60131-4.

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23

Zhao, Zhi Wei, Jun Sheng Li, and Jin Long Zuo. "The Songhua River Chemical Pre-Oxidation of Potassium Permanganate." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1234.

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The use of potassium permanganate on the micro-pollutants in the Songhua River water for pre-oxidation, the results showed: potassium permanganate oxidation of organic compounds in water on the Songhua River (CODMn, UV254, TOC) has better removal effect; on cloud degree, have some ammonia removal; little effect on color removal. Potassium permanganate in neutral organic pollutants in the Songhua River water has a good removal.

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24

Zhao, Xia, He Ming Luo, Hui Xia Feng, and Jian Qiang Zhang. "The Research with Advanced Oxidation Technology to Degrade Organic Matter in Micro-Polluted Water." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.804.

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Potassium permanganate process is an advanced oxidation technique that can provide a resolution removing organic matter in contaminated water. In this paper, the combination of composite potassium permanganate and a certain coagulant used in this process, which it was particularly suited to rapidly oxidize and degrade pollutants. It was an effective enhanced coagulation, advanced oxidation technique that could be conducted in a normal micro-polluted water environment. A series of experiment results demonstrated that the best adding quantity of composite potassium permanganate was 1.5-3.0mg/l, the best adding quantity of PFS as the coagulant was 25mg/l. Under the above conditions, potassium permanganate oxidation obviously reduced to each pollution index and greatly improved the water quality of purification of micro-polluted water. Furthermore, the organic removal rate with composite potassium permanganate was more than the unitary potassium permanganate process and the current traditional process.

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25

Bończa-Tomaszewski, Zbigniew. "The potassium permanganate oxidation of steroidal homoannular dienes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 3 (1987): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-112.

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The oxidation of 3β-acetoxycholesta-5,7-diene (1) with potassium permanganate–sodium periodate reagent gave epoxy-diol 2 with almost quantitative yield. Similar oxidation of cholesta-2,4-diene (3) afforded, as well as epoxy-diols 5 and 6, products of cleavage of the double bonds. These results show that formation of epoxy-diols predominates in the case of hindered steroidal dienes (e.g., diene 1), whereas oxidation of unhindered steroidal dienes (e.g., diene 2) gives, in addition to epoxy-diols, products of cleavage of the double bonds.

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26

Lu, Zhijiang, and Jay Gan. "Isomer-specific oxidation of nonylphenol by potassium permanganate." Chemical Engineering Journal 243 (May 2014): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.01.007.

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27

Knunyants, I. L., S. A. Postovoi, N. I. Delyagina, and Yu V. Zeifman. "Partial oxidation of internal fluoroolefins by potassium permanganate." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 36, no. 10 (1987): 2090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00961993.

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28

Tian, Zhaohui, Lijun Song, and Xinmin Li. "Effect of Oxidizing Decontamination Process on Corrosion Property of 304L Stainless Steel." International Journal of Corrosion 2019 (August 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1206098.

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Corrosion behaviors of 304L stainless steel (SS) and 304L SS with oxides film (preoxidation 304L SS) in 1 g/L potassium permanganate solution of various pH values were investigated by using mass loss, electrochemical measurement and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The results showed that mass loss of 304L SS increases with the increase of sodium hydroxide or nitric acid concentration in 1 g/L potassium permanganate solution. The polarization curves of 304L SS in potassium permanganate solution show that passive zones are destroyed more easily in acid potassium permanganate solution than alkaline potassium permanganate solution. The corrosion ability of acid potassium permanganate (NP) decontamination solution used for 304L SS is more aggressive than alkaline potassium permanganate (AP) solution. The oxide film on the surface of preoxidation 304L SS can be removed completely in two oxidation reduction decontamination cycles, oxidizing solution of which comprised 0.4g/L sodium hydroxide and 1g/L potassium permanganate. The 304L SS and preoxidation 304L SS performed alkaline oxidation reduction decontamination of 3 cycles were reoxidation. The micromorphology of reoxidation specimens was similar to preoxidation 304L SS. Therefore the chemical decontamination of alkaline oxidizing and acid reducing steps had no negative effect on corrosion of 304L SS and reoxidation of 304L SS carried out decontamination.

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29

Ling, Min Yan, and Hou He Chen. "Oxidation Chlorination of Thiophene in Coking Benzene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1066–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1066.

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Thiophene is a typical thiophenenic sulfur compound that exists in coking benzene. In this paper, investigate oxidation chlorination of thiophene in coking benzene. Potassium permanganate was combined with hydrochloric acid for a new KMnO4/HCl system of oxidation desulfurization. The preliminary results show that the thiophene in the benzene cannot be deep oxidized desulfurization alone potassium permanganate solution even at acetum. The thiophene in the coking benzene could be mostly converted by using KMnO4/HCl system. In suitable reaction conditions thiophene’s removal rate can reach more than 93%.

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30

Chen, Xiaoguo, Bangding Xiao, Jiantong Liu, Tao Fang, and Xiaoqing Xu. "Kinetics of the oxidation of MCRR by potassium permanganate." Toxicon 45, no. 7 (2005): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.02.011.

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31

HUANG, KUN-CHANG, GEORGE E. HOAG, PRADEEP CHHEDA, BERNARD A. WOODY, and GREGORY M. DOBBS. "Kinetic Study of Oxidation of Trichloroethylene by Potassium Permanganate." Environmental Engineering Science 16, no. 4 (1999): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.1999.16.265.

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32

Wali, Anil, Pralhad A. Ganeshpure, and Sheo Satish. "Potassium Permanganate Oxidation of Ketone Oximes. A Deprotective Version." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 66, no. 6 (1993): 1847–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.66.1847.

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33

Campiglio, A. "Chemiluminescence determination of naltrexone based on potassium permanganate oxidation." Analyst 123, no. 5 (1998): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a706647c.

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34

Lickiss, Paul D., and Ronan Lucas. "Oxidation of sterically hindered organosilicon hydrides using potassium permanganate." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 521, no. 1-2 (1996): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(95)06068-8.

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35

Zhai, Xihong, Inez Hua, P. Suresh C. Rao, and Linda S. Lee. "Cosolvent-enhanced chemical oxidation of perchloroethylene by potassium permanganate." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 82, no. 1-2 (2006): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.08.007.

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36

Chang, Keng-Chen, Lixiong Li, and Earnest F. Gloyna. "Supercritical water oxidation of acetic acid by potassium permanganate." Journal of Hazardous Materials 33, no. 1 (1993): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(93)85063-k.

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37

Ma, Wei Fang, Hao Guo, Jian Dong Ye, Dong Mei Han, and Xiong Wei Ma. "Removal Efficiency and Distribution Characteristics of PAHs in Coking Plant Contaminated Soils by In Situ Chemical Oxidation Remediation." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 1490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.1490.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the PAHs removal efficiency in coking plant contaminated soil when disposed by different oxidants with different dosages (hydrogen peroxide, Fenton’s reagent, modified Fenton’s reagent, potassium permanganate, activated sodium persulfate) and the PAHs distribution characteristics in removing parts, soil residue parts, recycling parts and supernate after oxidation reactions. Analyzed the variation characteristics of soil properties (pH and soil temperature) when used different oxidants in oxidation reactions process, screened out the effective and safe remediation oxidants. The research results indicated that the potassium permanganate has the best remediation ability and undemanding reaction conditions than other oxidants. The contaminant which be volatilized into surrounding environment was rarely when disposed by potassium permanganate in remediation process. Consequently, selecting potassium permanganate as remediation oxidant to treat PAHs in coking plant contaminated soils was the best choice.

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38

Li, Long, Fang Jiang, Guiqin Jia, and Wei Wang. "Anti-felting Oxidation Treatment of Cashmere Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 3 (2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700315.

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Cashmere fiber produces felting during laundering because of its scale. In this work, anti-felting treatment of cashmere fibers was investigated using the potassium permanganate oxidizing method, and the optimum oxidizing treatment parameter was obtained through orthogonal experiment. The fibers felting, tensile property, scale morphology, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and directional frictional effect of oxidized cashmere fibers were also tested. Experimental results showed that optimum anti-felting condition of cashmere fiber was 3g/L potassium permanganate (KMnO4) for 20min under the condition at temperature 50°C and pH3. The felting assembly volume of oxidized cashmere decreased. XPS test showed that hydroxyl group (-OH) content of oxidized cashmere fiber lowed.

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39

Mi, Xiao. "Effect of Electrochemical Pretreatment and Flocculation on the Degradation of Pharmaceutical Wastewater." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.405.

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As it is not suitable for bio-treatment method, pharmaceutical wastewater is treated by physiochemical methods in this study. Besides, potassium permanganate oxidation, electrochemical pretreatment and the addition of FeCl3 and AlCl3 after potassium permanganate oxidation were compared. It is proved that electrochemical pretreatment had a little greater degradation efficiency compared with the other two flocculants. Electrochemical oxidation seems to be more cost-effective due to its ease of operation. Electrochemical pretreatment is expected to be a suitable method to assist the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

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40

Brown, K. C., and J. A. Weil. "Preparation of 2,2-diaryl-1-picrylhydrazyls using potassium permanganate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 9 (1986): 1836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-301.

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Potassium permanganate is used as a reagent for the oxidation of various 2,2-diaryl-1-picrylhydrazines to their corresponding hydrazyls. Thin-layer chromatography indicates complete oxidation of the hydrazine to free radical, unlike the case with PbO2 (the most widely used oxidant for this purpose). Several other advantages over previous oxidants used to produce the hydrazyls are offered.

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41

Cai, Jing, Ping Zheng, and Qaisar Mahmood. "Effect of cathode electron acceptors on simultaneous anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal in microbial fuel cell." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 4 (2015): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.570.

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The current investigation reports the effect of cathode electron acceptors on simultaneous sulfide and nitrate removal in two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Potassium permanganate and potassium ferricyanide were common cathode electron acceptors and evaluated for substrate removal and electricity generation. The abiotic MFCs produced electricity through spontaneous electrochemical oxidation of sulfide. In comparison with abiotic MFC, the biotic MFC showed better ability for simultaneous nitrate and sulfide removal along with electricity generation. Keeping external resistance of 1,000 Ω, both MFCs showed good capacities for substrate removal where nitrogen and sulfate were the main end products. The steady voltage with potassium permanganate electrodes was nearly twice that of with potassium ferricyanide. Cyclic voltammetry curves confirmed that the potassium permanganate had higher catalytic activity than potassium ferricyanide. The potassium permanganate may be a suitable choice as cathode electron acceptor for enhanced electricity generation during simultaneous treatment of sulfide and nitrate in MFCs.

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42

Raveendran, R., B. Chatelier, and K. Williams. "Oxidation of manganese in drinking water systems using potassium permanganate." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (2002): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0166.

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South Gippsland Region Water Authority experience manganese problems in most of their surface water reservoirs. Manganese is present in the form of manganese(II) ions and manganic dioxide solids. At low dissolved oxygen levels, the manganic dioxide is reduced to the manganese(II) ion. If not oxidised, the manganese(II) ion escapes through water treatment facilities and enters the supply system. Once in the system, the manganese ions are gradually oxidised to insoluble manganic dioxide causing dirty water problems which can stain clothes and bathing equipment. As part of the water treatment process, manganese(II) can be oxidised to insoluble manganic oxide and then removed by clarification and filtration. Generally, oxidation can be achieved by aeration or chemical oxidation by addition of an oxidising agent such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chlorine. However, due to fluctuations of manganese levels in raw water, treatment techniques are often very difficult. This paper shares the experiences of South Gippsland Water in using potassium permanganate as part of the water treatment process to remove manganese in its surface water reservoirs. Whilst consideration is given to the advantages and disadvantages of alternative oxidation methods, this paper primarily focuses on the use of KMnO4 to remove manganese and the resulting analytical problems associated with monitoring manganese levels.

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HUSSAIN, SAYYED, KATAPALLE RAMDAS, and WANKHEDE D.S. "Kinetics Studies of Oxidation of Furosemide by Acidic Potassium Permanganate." Journal of Ultra Chemistry 13, no. 02 (2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22147/juc/130203.

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Hu, Lanhua, Heather M. Martin, and Timothy J. Strathmann. "Oxidation Kinetics of Antibiotics during Water Treatment with Potassium Permanganate." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 16 (2010): 6416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es101331j.

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45

Huang, Kun-Chang, George E. Hoag, Pradeep Chheda, Bernard A. Woody, and Gregory M. Dobbs. "Oxidation of chlorinated ethenes by potassium permanganate: a kinetics study." Journal of Hazardous Materials 87, no. 1-3 (2001): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00241-2.

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Li, X. David, and Franklin W. Schwartz. "DNAPL remediation with in situ chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 68, no. 1-2 (2004): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7722(03)00144-x.

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Li, X. David, and Franklin W. Schwartz. "DNAPL remediation with in situ chemical oxidation using potassium permanganate." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 68, no. 3-4 (2004): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7722(03)00145-1.

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de Souza e Silva, Paula Tereza, Valdinete Lins da Silva, Benício de Barros Neto, and Marie-Odile Simonnot. "Potassium permanganate oxidation of phenanthrene and pyrene in contaminated soils." Journal of Hazardous Materials 168, no. 2-3 (2009): 1269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.007.

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Hossain, S. M. Ghausul, and Robert G. McLaughlan. "Oxidation of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solution by Excess Potassium Permanganate." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 223, no. 3 (2011): 1429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0955-x.

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Wang, W., X. Zhang, F. Li, and C. Qi. "Rice bran adhesive modified with potassium permanganate and poly(vinyl alcohol)." Pigment & Resin Technology 39, no. 6 (2010): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699421011085858.

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