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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alcohol withdrawal'
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1
Canales, Francisco. "Alcohol Withdrawal: Does Sex Matter?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626845.
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Ricks, Janet, William H. Repolgle, and Nakia J. Cook. "Clinical Inquiries, Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8811.
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Humeniuk, Rachel. "Alcohol withdrawal syndrome : characterisation, predictors of severity, and relationship to relapse /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh9225.pdf.
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Richey, Laura. "Behavioral symptoms of withdrawal from acute ethanol exposure possible mediation by inflammatory factors /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Zalud, André W. Diaz-Granados Jamie L. "To giveth and taketh away determination of taurine's protective role during ethanol withdrawal through supplementation and depletion paradigms /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5295.
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Manley, Samantha Jayne. "Long-term behavioural changes associated with withdrawal from chronic ethanol." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361106.
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González-Méndez, Wanda Wilma. "Alcohol Use Disorder and Withdrawal Syndrome in Correctional Facilities: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline to Prevent Alcohol-Related Adverse Events." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4444.
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In the United States, one in every 100 adults is confined to a correctional facility. Approximately 60% of inmates have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). When compared to the general population, inmates are twice as likely to have AUD. As they are unable to readily access alcohol, inmates entering a correctional facility with AUD are at high risk for the lethal alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). AWS is preventable and yet correctional nurses process new inmates without an evidence-based clinical practice guideline (CPG) to assess for AUD, the prerequisite for AWS. The purpose of this project was to develop an evidence-based CPG with implementation algorithm to guide the inmate assessment for AUD. The ACE star model of knowledge transformation guided the project, the AGREE II was used to develop the CPG, and the Delphi technique was used to evaluate the final CPG with algorithm. Nationally, 20 correctional health experts were identified and asked to participate in the Delphi expert panel, although 11 experts agreed to participate only 9 completed the evaluation. The experts were correctional health experts, nurses and physicians, from different regions of the United States. The resulting CPG satisfied all 23-items of the AGREE II. Through 2 Delphi panel rounds, all participants recommended the CPG with minor modifications (6 experts recommended as presented while the 3 recommended with modifications). At the project conclusion, all 9 experts agreed the CPG will help improve the identification, referral, and management of inmates with AUD. This project contributes to positive social change as the CPG addresses a serious problem, AUD with possible AWS, in a vulnerable population. The CPG may be generalizable for use in other correctional facilities.
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Rocha, Ricardo Jorge Nogueira Rodrigues da. "Effect of chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal in the hippocampal formation." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53768.
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Rocha, Ricardo Jorge Nogueira Rodrigues da. "Effect of chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal in the hippocampal formation." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53768.
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Macey, Darrel John. "Neurobiological correlates of brain stimulation reward and ethanol withdrawal in the rat /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3001270.
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Helfand, Rebecca S. Diaz-Granados Jamie L. "Taurine depletion in adolescent mice and implications for ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5059.
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Watson, William Patrick. "Calcium channel antagonists in the ethanol withdrawal syndrome and other convulsive states." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238855.
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Thomas, Ian Geoffrey, and Ian Geoffrey Thomas. "Identification of Time to Treatment for Alcohol Withdrawal in the Emergency Department." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626694.
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The purpose of this project was to determine the time between arrival, assessment, and treatment for patients presenting with alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) to the emergency department (ED) as well as to identify patient and environmental factors that may prolong initiation of the implementation of the clinical institute withdrawal alcohol (CIWA-Ar) protocol for assessment and treatment of AWS. There is clear evidence that rapid assessment and treatment of AWS improves cost, quality, risk, safety and patient outcomes. This project found that patients in the emergency department at Banner University Medical Center South campus (BUMCS) in 2016 on average waited 2 hours and 20 minutes for initial CIWA-Ar assessment and 50 minutes for medication to be administered. When taking into account the physiological process of AWS and the highly variable nature of ethanol metabolism this timeline is suboptimal and significant reduction of these times are recommended. The only factor that was significantly associated with increased wait times was elevated blood alcohol content (BAC). With higher BAC resulting in longer wait times. This is a concerning finding since patients experiencing symptoms of withdrawal in the presence of elevated BAC are at significantly higher risk for the most severe AWS including delirium tremens and seizure.
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Barnett, Jared Joshua Anucha. "Weighing the Importance of Vital Signs in the Evaluation of Alcohol Withdrawal in Multiple Ethnicities When Employing the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271614.
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This study was performed at an acute alcohol and drug rehabilitation center in Southern Arizona mainly serving three ethnicities; Caucasian, Hispanic, and Native-American. The CIWA-Ar assessment is used to evaluate the severity of withdrawal and a score of 10 or higher to the subjective questions results in admission to the in-patient unit. It has been observed that the Native-American patients suffering from withdrawal generally score lower on the CIWA-Ar scale compared to the other ethnicities, thus resulting in a lack of admission or reduced treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether blood pressure and pulse should be used in conjunction with the CIWA-Ar assessment to aid in the evaluation of withdrawal among the ethnicities. The three ethnicities were not equally represented at the clinic. It was found that there is statistical evidence that blood pressure and pulse are significantly increased in withdrawal patients of all ethnicities and that the pulse measurements for Native-American patients do not differ from those observed for admitted Caucasian and Hispanic patients. Native-American patients seem to demonstrate similar vital signs to the withdrawing patients of the other two ethnicities, yet only 3 total patients were admitted.
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Saxon, Lars. "Placebo, alcohol and flumazenil provocations : subjective and objective registrations in psychopharmacological experiments /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-077-0/.
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Ruusa, Jaan. "On testosterone during alcohol withdrawal in men : effects on mood and insulin-like growth factor 1 /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-057-5/.
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Burkhardt, Gerrit [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Pogarell. "Using machine learning to predict individual severity estimates of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in patients with alcohol dependence / Gerrit Burkhardt ; Betreuer: Oliver Pogarell." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238518869/34.
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Carter, Megan L. "EXAMINING THE INTERACTION OF NEONATAL ALCOHOL AND HYPOXIA IN VITRO." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/16.
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Exposure to ethanol (ETOH) during fetal development results in a range of cognitive/behavioral deficits. There are differences in sensitivity to the effects of ETOH that could be explained by other factors, such as hypoxia. Similar mechanisms of damage underlie both ETOH, more specifically ETOH withdrawal, and hypoxia. Based on this overlap, it was hypothesized that sub threshold levels of these insults may interact to produce increased damage in sensitive brain regions. This study used a rodent organotypic hippocampal slice culture model to investigate the interaction of hypoxia and ETOH withdrawal and to determine possible developmental differences in the sensitivity to these insults. The combination of ETOH and hypoxia produced greater damage in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal regions, as measured by propidium iodide uptake. Differences in outcome were noted between on postnatal (PND) 2 and PND 8 tissue. ETOH alone caused damage as measured by the neuronal marker NeuN, suggesting the ETOH/hypoxia interaction involves different cell types and that caution should be taken when determining appropriate levels of exposure. This data could explain why some offspring appear more sensitive to ETOH and/or hypoxic challenges during early life.
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Butler, Tracy Renee. "EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTERONE AND ETHANOL CO-EXPOSURE ON HIPPOCAMPAL TOXICITY: POTENTIAL ROLE FOR THE NMDA NR2B SUBUNIT." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/146.
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Chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure produces neuroadaptations within the NMDA receptor system and alterations in HPA axis functioning that contribute to neurodegeneration during ethanol withdrawal (EWD). Chronic EtOH exposure and EWD, as well as corticosteroids, also promote increased synthesis and release of polyamines, which allosterically potentiate NMDA receptor open-channel time at the NR2B subunit. The current studies investigated effects of 10 day EtOH and corticosterone (CORT) co-exposure on toxicity during EWD in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, and alterations in function and/or density of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor that may mediate CORT-potentiation of toxicity during EWD. We hypothesized that toxicity during withdrawal following EtOH and CORT co-exposure would be greatest in the CA1 region due to increased NMDA NR2B receptor abundance and/or function. Cultures were exposed to CORT (0.01–1 μM) during 10 day EtOH exposure (50 mM) and 1 day EWD. Additional EtOH-naïve cultures were exposed to CORT for 11 days. Propidium iodide (PI) was used to measure toxicity in the CA1, CA3, and DG hippocampal regions. In EtOH-naïve cultures, 11 day exposure to CORT (0.01 – 1 μM) produced modest toxicity and in all regions. Exposure to CORT during EtOH exposure/EWD potentiated CORT-toxicity at all concentrations in the CA1 region. Ifenprodil, an NR2B polyamine site antagonist, significantly reduced toxicity from EtOH and CORT (0.1 μM) co-exposure during withdrawal. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were conducted for measurement of NR2B immunoreactivity in organotypic cultures, and autoradiography studies were conducted for measurement of polyamine-sensitive NR2B subunits with [3H]ifenprodil. Consistent increases in NR2B subunit protein were not detected with use of any methodology. Additional studies exposed cultures to a membrane impermeable form of CORT (BSA-conjugated CORT; 0.1 μM) with or without EtOH exposure and withdrawal. BSA-CORT exposure did not produce toxicity in any hippocampal region, suggesting that CORT toxicity was not mediated by membrane bound substrates. These data suggest that CORT and EtOH co-exposure result in increased function of polyamine-sensitive NR2B subunits, but this toxicity does not appear dependent on the number of hippocampal NMDA NR2B subunits.
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Sharrett-Field, Lynda. "CHARACTERIZING CONSUMPTION, DEPENDENCE, AND THE ROLE OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF VOLUNTARY ETHANOL CONSUMPTION." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/34.
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Alcohol abuse disorders (AUD) represent a serious worldwide health problem with far reaching social, financial, and interpersonal implications. One of the most devastating facets of these disorders is the propensity to relapse following periods of abstinence. Ethanol withdrawal (EWD) is believed to promote relapse by increasing anxiety and craving, and may contribute to the development of cognitive decline associated with long-term dependence. Clinical data suggest that stress also plays a main role in both the development of AUD as well as relapse to drinking. As a physiological stressor, EtOH elevates levels of stress hormones (cortisol in humans, corticosterone (CORT) in the rat). Both CORT and EtOH have been shown to alter the composition, function, and activity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and in particular, the NR2B subunit of this receptor. These alterations have been suggested to mediate EWD, which may negatively impact abstinence rates. This synergistic interaction between EtOH and CORT may present a therapeutic target for the treatment of EWD. In fact, data suggest that blocking the glucocorticoid receptor, which is a main target for CORT, with RU-486 could promote abstinence, as treatment with the drug has been shown to reduce consumption and the development dependence, as well as the severity of EWD and the cognitive deficits following EWD. However, these latter effects have not been validated in models of voluntary EtOH consumption. As there is considerable evidence that active versus passive intake can significantly impact neuroadaptations to ethanol this is an important consideration. These studies sought to characterize consumption and evaluate the development of dependence in a chronic voluntary model of intermittent access (IA) to EtOH. CORT plasma levels and protein expression of the glucocorticoid and NR2B receptors were measured during and/or following exposure. Finally, to assess the role of CORT in EtOH consumption and the development of dependence, the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist ORG-34517 was administered during access to EtOH. IA access to 20% EtOH produced varying levels of consumption (2.0-6.7g/kg/24hr exposure) and blood EtOH levels (6.3-116.9 mg/dl), but did not significantly affect food consumption or weight gain. Baseline CORT levels were found to be predictive of subsequent EtOH consumption and levels of consumption were sufficient to elevate CORT levels following one hour of EtOH exposure. Further, IA to EtOH was sufficient to produce dependence, as measured by elevations in the acoustic startle reflex following 26 hours and five days of withdrawal. No alteration in protein expression was observed regarding either the NR2B or glucocorticoid receptors and exposure to ORG-34517 had no effect on consumption or withdrawal.
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Laine, P. (Pekka). "Dopamine transporter in alcoholism:a SPET study." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514265270.
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Abstract
A large body of animal studies indicates that reinforcement from alcohol is
associated with dopaminergic neurotransmission in the mesocorticolimbic pathway.
However, as most psychiatric phenomena cannot be studied with animals, human
studies are needed. Furthermore, because of the fluctuating nature of phenomena
regarding the status of abuse and withdrawal, repeated observations of the same
study subjects under different situations can elucidate a variety of
pathophysiological mechanisms.
In this study 42 alcoholics were monitored during withdrawal and 30
alcoholics after four weeks of abstinence.
123I-β-CIT
SPET was used as a method for the semi quantification of their striatal dopamine
transporter (DAT) densities reflecting the function and structure of the
dopaminergic system.
DAT density was markedly lower during withdrawal among alcoholics as
compared to control subjects, but it elevated during abstinence to the level of
healthy volunteers. This increases in DAT density during withdrawal and
afterwards correlated with the depression scores of alcoholics. DAT density
correlated with the Novelty Seeking (NS) personality trait, especially among
abstinent alcoholics. After four weeks of controlled abstinence alcoholics with
an A1 allele of dopamine receptor D2 were found to have higher DAT densities than
alcoholics without it.
The results indicate that striatal DAT density is associated with mood,
personality, A1 genotype and the length of the abstinence period after heavy
alcohol drinking.
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Maillard, Angéline. "Atteintes cognitives et cérébrales dans le trouble de l'usage d'alcool et le syndrome de Korsakoff : valeur pronostique, évolution et prise en charge Prognosis factors of low-risk drinking and relapse in alcohol use disorder : a multimodal analysis Short-term neuropsychological recovery in alcohol use disorder : a retrospective clinical study Is there cognitive and brain changes over time in Korsakoff's syndrome ? Neuropsychological deficits in alcohol use disorder : impact on treatmen The effect of alcohol withdrawal syndrome severity on sleep, brain and cognition." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC017.
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Le trouble de l’usage d’alcool (TUAL) est associé à des atteintes cérébrales et cognitives. Ces altérations empêchent les patients de bénéficier des prises en charges psychosociales et augmentent le risque de rechute. Une réversibilité de ces atteintes est possible avec l’abstinence et a été mise en évidence dans le TUAL. En revanche, les patients présentant un syndrome de Korsakoff (SK) ont une amnésie antérograde sévère qui est considérée comme irréversible, même si l’évolution cognitive et cérébrale de ces patients est peu documentée. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc d’étudier la valeur pronostique, l’évolution ainsi que la prise en charge des atteintes cognitives et cérébrales dans le TUAL et le SK. Nos résultats montrent que l’alexithymie et les altérations des systèmes limbique et fronto-cérébelleux observés post-sevrage sont des facteurs de mauvais pronostic du statut addictologique au cours de l’année post-sevrage. Nous montrons qu’après le sevrage, un court séjour en soins de suite et de réadaptation permet une amélioration, voire même une normalisation des fonctions cognitives. Une prise en charge intensive, incluant des ateliers de stimulation cognitive pendant ce séjour, semble favoriser la récupération. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence que chez les patients SK, les déficits sévères de mémoire épisodique sous-tendus par des altérations du circuit de Papez, persistent avec le temps. Les atteintes des fonctions exécutives et du circuit fronto-cérébelleux peuvent récupérer de manière limitée. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d’évaluer les atteintes cognitives et cérébrales ayant une valeur pronostique pour la rechute. Ils indiquent également l’importance d’adapter la prise en charge afin de favoriser la récupération cognitive dans le TUAL ou de compenser les troubles mnésiques persistants et invalidants dans le SKAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by brain damage and cognitive deficits. These alterations hinder AUD patients to benefit from psychosocial treatment and increase the risk of relapse. It is now clear that cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities can be reversible with drinking cessation in AUD. However, patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) are described as exhibiting a severe anterograde amnesia supposed to persist over time, even though longitudinal studies in KS patients are very rare. The objective of this thesis is to examine the prognostic value, changes over time, and rehabilitation of the cognitive impairments and brain alterations in AUD and KS. Our results suggest that alexithymia, as well as alteration of limbic and frontocerebellar systems observed early in abstinence, contribute to a poor prognosis regarding alcohol status within the year following detoxification. We highlight that, after detoxification, a short stay as inpatient in a convalescent home favors cognitive improvement, and even a return to a normal level of performance. During this stay, an intensive care including neuropsychological training seems to favor the recovery. Finally, our results indicate that in KS patients, severe memory impairments, sustained by Papez circuit alterations, persist over time. Executive deficits and damage of the fronto-cerebellar circuit may recover but to a limited extent. These results emphasize the need to assess cognitive and brain alteration that have a prognostic value regarding treatment outcome. Results also encourage adapting treatment to favor recovery in AUD, or to compensate for persisting memory impairments in KS
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Laniepce, Alice. "Modifications du sommeil associées à la consommation chronique et excessive d'alcool : liens avec les altérations cérébrales structurales et les troubles cognitifs Neuropsychological and neuroimaging examinations of self‐reported sleep quality in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff's syndrome Sleep architecture and episodic memory performance in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff syndrome The effect of alcohol withdrawal severity on sleep, brain and cognition Dissociating thalamic alterations in alcohol use disorder defines specificity of Korsakoff's syndrome Cerebellar hypermetabolism in alcohol use disorder: compensatory mechanism or maladaptive plasticity ? Alcohol use disorder : permanent and transient effects on the brain and neuropsychological functions Effects of sleep and age on prospective memory consolidation Troubles cognitifs dans l'alcoolodépendance Repérage des troubles cognitifs liés à l’alcool." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC039.
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En amont du développement de complications neurologiques sévères telles que le syndrome de Korsakoff (SK), les patients présentant un Trouble de l’Usage d’Alcool (TUAL) présentent des altérations cérébrales et cognitives de nature et de sévérité variables, ainsi que des troubles du sommeil. Bien qu’il soit clairement établi que le sommeil contribue au fonctionnement cérébral et cognitif, son implication comme facteur explicatif des atteintes cérébrales et cognitives dans le TUAL reste peu documentée. L’objectif de cette thèse était de préciser les modifications (subjectives et objectives) du sommeil chez les patients TUAL et SK, et leurs liens avec la structure cérébrale et le fonctionnement cognitif. Nos résultats montrent que la plainte de sommeil doit être interprétée au regard de la sévérité des atteintes cérébrales et cognitives chez les patients TUAL et SK. De plus, nous montrons qu’une proportion élevée de patients présentent des apnées du sommeil. Chez les patients SK, une atteinte spécifique du sommeil paradoxal est observée, associée à la sévérité des difficultés mnésiques. Enfin, chez les patients TUAL, nous montrons le rôle particulier de la sévérité du syndrome de sevrage dans l’atteinte du sommeil lent profond, et son impact sur le fonctionnement cérébral et cognitif. Ainsi, il semble exister des similarités et des différences dans l’architecture du sommeil de ces deux formes cliniques (TUAL et SK). Ces modifications de sommeil dépendraient de la sévérité du sevrage et seraient impliquées dans la physiopathologie des atteintes structurales et cognitives liées à l’alcool. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d’évaluer et de prendre charge à la fois le sevrage et les modifications du sommeil des patients TUAL afin d’améliorer le pronostic des patients à la sortie des services hospitaliersWell before the development of severe alcohol-related neurological complications such as Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS), patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) exhibit variable brain damage and cognitive deficits, as well as sleep disturbances. Although it is well established that sleep contributes to brain and cognitive functioning, its involvement in brain damage and cognitive deficits in AUD remains poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to investigate subjective and objective sleep quality in AUD and KS patients, and its relationships with brain structure and function. Our results show that sleep complaint must be interpreted with regard to the severity of brain alterations and cognitive impairments in AUD and KS patients. Moreover, we showed a high prevalence of sleep apnea in these patients. REM sleep abnormalities are specifically observed in KS patients and related to the severity of memory deficits. Regarding AUD patients, we highlight the contribution of the severity of withdrawal syndrome in slow wave sleep decrease, and its effects on brain and cognitive functioning. Hence, similarities and differences of sleep architecture have been found in the two clinical forms (AUD and KS). These sleep modifications could depend on the severity of alcohol withdrawal and be involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol-related structural brain damage and cognitive impairment. These results encourage evaluating and managing both alcohol withdrawal and sleep modifications to improve patients’ prognosis at discharge from Addiction department
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Bachetti, Lívia da Silva. "Ilusão da máscara côncava em pacientes em síndrome de abstinência de álcool leve e moderada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-30042018-165408/.
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O uso lesivo de bebidas alcoólicas é o terceiro maior fator mundial de risco de doenças e incapacitação. O álcool pode causar várias alterações no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC), dentre elas, a diminuição do processamento de informações visuais. Alguns estudos avaliam as alterações nos processos perceptuais durante a Síndrome de Abstinência do Álcool (SAA) por meio da ilusão visual da máscara côncava. Essa ilusão exemplifica o fenômeno ilusório de inversão visual da profundidade de uma máscara humana oca, que é percebida como convexa. Foi encontrado um possível desequilíbrio entre os componentes bottom-up e top-down da percepção visual provocado pelo álcool, capaz de prejudicar a capacidade do indivíduo de perceber essa ilusão. Entretanto, a presente pesquisa investiga uma hipótese alternativa, e sugere que a redução na frequência de respostas de inversão pode resultar de mudanças de critérios para emitir as repostas e não em alterações perceptuais. Para isso, foram utilizados os parâmetros da Teoria da Detecção de Sinal (TDS) aplicada à psicofísica. Participaram da pesquisa 20 indivíduos saudáveis, 20 com SAA leve e 20 com SAA moderada. Eles realizaram duas tarefas experimentais de observação monocular dos lados côncavo e convexo, alternadamente, de uma máscara da face humana de tamanho reduzido. Na tarefa de confidence rating, foram julgadas a concavidade ou convexidade da máscara e o grau de certeza nas respostas, com certeza ou com dúvida. Na tarefa de escolha forçada entre duas alternativas (2AFC), as máscaras foram apresentadas aos pares alternados e o participante identificava o lado côncavo. A análise dos resultados revelou que os indivíduos com SAA moderada apresentaram maiores escores para os índices de sensibilidade R-index, Az, e da, na tarefa de confidence rating, apontando para uma capacidade significativamente maior de identificação e discriminação dos lados côncavo e convexo da máscara. Isto reflete um prejuízo significativo na capacidade destes indivíduos em perceber a ilusão da máscara côncava. Não houve diferença entre os grupos de indivíduos saudáveis e com SAA leve. Entretanto, os grupos com SAA apresentaram um maior grau de certeza em seus julgamentos comparativamente ao grupo controle. Resultados semelhantes para o grupo com SAA moderada foram encontrados na tarefa de escolha forçada para os índices d e taxa de acerto, indicando maior capacidade desses indivíduos em discriminar os dois lados da máscara. Todos os participantes apresentaram critérios de decisão moderados na tarefa de confidence rating. Os indivíduos saudáveis, na tarefa de escolha forçada, se mostraram tão capazes quanto os com SAA moderada na discriminação dos dois lados da máscara. Os indivíduos saudáveis, na tarefa de escolha forçada, se mostraram tão capazes quanto os com SAA moderada na discriminação dos dois lados da máscara. Entretanto, supõe-se que esses resultados foram provenientes de estratégias inesperadas por esses indivíduos em seus julgamentos, prejudicando a validade interna dos resultados; e representam um viés de pesquisa importante. As análises apontam para um possível desequilíbrio, já relatado em estudos anteriores, entre os componentes bottom-up e top-down da percepção visual, provocado pelo álcool, que impede o SNC de corrigir hipóteses perceptuais ambíguas.The harmful use of alcoholic beverages is the third largest worldwide risk factor for illness and disability. Alcohol can cause several changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS), among them, the decrease in the processing of visual information. Some studies evaluate changes in perceptual processes during Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome (AWS) through the hollow face illusion. Its exemplifies the illusory visual depth inversion of a hollow human mask, which is perceived as convex. A possible imbalance was found between the bottomup and top-down components of visual perception caused by alcohol, which could impair the individual\'s ability to perceive the illusion. However, the present research investigates an alternative hypothesis, and suggests that the reduction in the frequency of inversion responses may result from changes in the criteria to issue responses rather than on perceptual changes. The parameters of the Signal Detection Theory (SDT) applied to psychophysics allow this analysis. Twenty healthy subjects, 20 with mild AWS and 20 with moderate AWS participated in the study. They performed two experimental tasks of monocular observation of concave and convex sides, alternately, of a reduced size human face mask. In the task of confidence rating, the concavity or convexity of the mask and the degree of certainty in the answers were judged: certainly or with doubt. In the task of forced choice between two alternatives (2AFC), the masks were presented in alternating pairs and the participant identified the concave side. The analysis of the results revealed that individuals with moderate AWS presented higher scores for the sensitivity index scores R-index, Az, and da, pointing to a significantly greater capacity of identification and discrimination of the concave and convex sides of the mask. This reflects a significant impairment in the ability of these individuals to perceive the hollow face illusion. There was no difference between healthy individuals and with mild AWS. However, all groups with AWS presented a greater degree of certainty in their judgments compared to the control group. Similar results for the group with moderate AWS were found in the task of forced choice to the indices d and hit rate, indicating a greater ability of these individuals to discriminate both sides of the mask. Healthy subjects, on the task of forced choice, showed themselves to be as capable as those with moderate AWS in discriminating both sides of the mask. However, it supposed that these results were from unexpected strategies used by these individuals in their judgments, impairing the internal validity of the results, and represented an important research bias. The analyzes point to a possible imbalance, already reported in previous studies, between the bottom-up and top-down components of visual perception, caused by alcohol, which inhibits the CNS from correcting ambiguous perceptual hypotheses.
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Dominguez, Gaëlle. "Impact d'un sevrage à l'alcool sur l'activité du réseau hippocampo-préfrontal au cours d'une épreuve de mémoire de travail : comparaison avec le stress chronique léger imprédictible." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4029/document.
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Notre étude à pour but de déterminer l’implication de la corticostérone centrale sur l’activité du réseau hippocampe-cortex préfrontal (HPC-CPF) ainsi que son rôle dans l’émergence et le maintien d’altération de la mémoire de travail (MDT) durant l’alcoolisation chronique (12% durant 6 mois), ou bien après un sevrage aigu (1semaine) ou prolongé (6 semaines). Les effets du sevrage ont également été comparés à ceux résultant d’un stress chronique léger imprédictible (SCLI) modélisant la dépression. Nos données montrent que le sevrage et le SCLI, mais non l’alcoolisation, induisent des troubles de MDT, un déficit d’activation de pCREB (CPF et HPC) ainsi qu’une augmentation excessive des taux de corticostérone spécifiquement dans le CPF après un sevrage. Sur le plan pharmacologique, l’inhibition de la synthèse de la corticostérone restaure la MDT et l’activité de pCREB dans le CPF, chez les souris sevrées et SCLI. Nos résultats montrent également que l’augmentation de pCREB ou le blocage des récepteurs aux minéralocorticoïdes, dans le CPF, mais non dans l’HPC, restaure la MDT des souris sevrées. Ces résultats démontrent que la perturbation de taux de corticostérone dans le CPF joue un rôle clé dans l’émergence des troubles cognitifs et neuronaux après un sevrage. Nous avons également montré qu’un traitement chronique au Diazépam atténue ces altérations transitoirement. Notre étude suggère que des composés agissant sur l'activité de l’axe corticotrope peuvent constituer des stratégies alternatives pour prévenir l'émergence et le maintien des troubles cognitifs induits par le sevrageOur study was aimed to determine the involvement of central corticosterone on the activity of hippocampalprefrontal cortex (HPC-PFC) network and its role in the emergence of working memory (WM) alterations during chronic alcohol consumption (12% for 6 months), or after a short (1 week) or a prolonged (6 weeks) withdrawal periods. The alcohol-withdrawal effects were compared to those resulting from an unpredictable mild chronic stress (UCMS), modeling depression. Our data showed that withdrawal and UCMS, but not alcohol, induced WM disorders and deficits of CREB activation in both the PFC and HPC, and an excessive corticosterone increase specifically in the PFC of withdrawn animals. Pharmacological experiments showed that the inhibition of corticosterone synthesis restored pCREB activity in the PFC of both withdrawn and UCMS mice and improved WM. Furthermore, in withdrawn mice, the increase of pCREB or the blockade of the mineralo-corticoid receptor in the PFC, but not in the HPC, restored WM performance. These results demonstrated that corticosterone dysfunction into the PFC plays a key role in the long-lasting cognitive and neural activity disorders of alcohol-withdrawn mice. We also showed that chronic administration of diazepam reduced such alterations only transitorily. Thus, overall, our study suggests that compounds acting on the GCs activity may constitute alternative strategies to prevent the emergence and maintenance of cognitive disorders induced by alcohol withdrawal
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Hård, Julia. "Långvarigt bruk av alkohol ger kramper och epilepsi : Ett arbete om alkohols effekter på hjärnan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65066.
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Alkohol har funnits sedan urminnes tider och är något som de flesta ungdomar och vuxna är bekanta med. Flertalet vet också att för mycket alkohol på lång sikt kan orsaka skador, framförallt på lever (fettlever) och njurar. Men inte alla vet att alkohol skadar hjärnan och kan ge kramper samt epilepsi. Alkohol har olika effekter på kroppen. Akut kan det öka den inhiberande och minska den excitatoriska signaleringen i hjärnan. Långvarigt kan det öka den excitatoriska signaleringen, minska den inhibitoriska samt öka alkoholtoleransen. I hjärnan är balansen mellan den inhibitoriska och excitatoriska signaleringen mycket betydelsefull och rubbningar kan orsaka skador som i sin tur kan orsaka krampanfall. Dessa krampanfall kan bli allvarliga och ibland dödliga. Studier kring sambandet mellan alkohol och epilepsi utförda av Samokhvalov et al. (2010), Devetag et al. (1983), Bråthen et al. (1999), Tartara et al. (1983), Bartolomei et al. (1997), Victor och Brausch (1967) och Hillbom (1980) har visat på olika resultat, men trots skillnaden i resultaten har korrelationen mellan alkohol och epilepsi varit tydlig. I studien av Devetag et al. (1983) hade 58 % av 153 alkoholister anfall icke relaterade till abstinens, alkoholinducering eller sjukdom/skada. Av 60 patienter med krampanfall var 30 stycken (50 %) icke relaterade till abstinens, alkoholinducering eller sjukdom/skada i studien utförd av Bartolomei et al. (1997). Bråthen et al. (1999) utförde en studie på 142 alkoholister med krampanfall där 16 stycken (36 %) var icke-relaterade till abstinens, alkoholinducering eller sjukdom/skada. Vidare påvisade Tartara et al. (1983) i sin studie 30 patienter med krampanfall där 3 stycken (10 %) inte var relaterade till abstinens, alkohlinducering eller sjukdom/skada. Krampanfall som inte är relaterade till abstinens, akoholinducering eller sjukdom/skada är kluriga och svåra att utreda. Många forskare har försökt få insikt i och reda ut frågan om alkohols influens över utvecklingen av epilepsi och hur det skulle tänkas gå till. När kan alkoholrelaterade krampanfall klassificeras som epilepsi, vad innebär ett alkoholrelaterat krampanfall och vilka orsaker existerar som leder till att sådanan krampanfall uppstår. I den här litteraturstudien utreds kopplingen mellan alkoholism och epilepsi för att bättre förstå sambandet. Till studien har 20 vetenskapliga artiklar använts för att förstå vilka effekter alkohol har på kroppen, vad det innebär att ha epilepsi och hur de båda är kopplade. För att komma fram till ett svar på den framförda frågeställningen i studien, om långvarigt bruk av alkohol ger kramper och epilepsi, användes 7 studier vars undersökingar huvudsakligen fokuserat på alkoholister inlagda med krampanfall. Resultaten från de 7 studierna indikerar sammantaget att alkohol sannolikt kan orsaka epilepsi. Ingen av studierna har visat motsatsen. Långvarigt bruk av alkohol ger kramper och kan även ge epilepsi, men hur det går till är inte klarlagt. Samtidigt finns det många individer som missbrukar alkohol och som inte får epilepsi eller aldrig ens upplever ett enda krampanfall.Alcohol has been used for drinking for many years and is a substance that is well known to most teenagers and adults. Most people also know that alcohol, when misused, can cause damage to both the liver and the kidneys but not as many people know about the damage alcohol can cause the brain. The damage that alcohol causes in the brain can lead to conditions where the patient can experience seizures, whitch can further devlop into epilepsy. Alcohol has different effects on the body. An immidiate response to alcohol is that the inhibitory signaling in the brain increases and the excitatory signaling decreases. When it comes to a prolonged misuse of alcohol the effects on the brain are the opposite and it can also increase the tolerance for alcohol. Inhibitory and excitatory signaling in the brain are essential and disturbance of those signals can be very damaging to the brain. The damages can develop and become permanent and it can also trigger different kinds of seizures. The seizures can in turn become very serious and fatal. Studies on the connection between alcohol and epilepsy has been conducted by Samokhvalov et al. (2010), Devetag et al. (1983), Bråthen et al. (1999), Tartara et al. (1983), Bartolomei et al. (1997), Victor och Brausch (1967) och Hillbom (1980) and have shown different results. The results however have shown a clear correlation between alcohol and epilepsi. In the study performed by Devetag et al. (1983) 58 % of 153 patients experienced seizures not related to alcohol withdrawl, alcohol induction or injury/disease. Of 60 patients who presented seizures in the study conducted by Bartolomei et al. (1997), 30 (50 %) had seizures not related to alcohol withdrawl, alcohol induction or injury/disease. A study performed by Bråthen et al. (1999) showed 16 patients (36 %) of 142 with seizures not related to alcohol withdrawl, alcohol indiction or injury/disease. Furthermore, a study conducted by Tartara et al. (1983) showed 30 patients with seizures, where 3 (10 %) of them were not related to alcohol withdrawl, alcohol induction or injury/disease. Seizures not related to alcohol withdrawl, alcohol abuse or injury/disease are difficult to investigate. Many scientists have tried to get insight in as to how alcohol can influence the ethiopathogenesis of epilepsy. What is alcohol-related seizures, what is the cause behind the seizures and how does one decide if the seizures can be defines as epilepsy. This literature review investigates the link between alcoholism and epilepsy to better understand this connection. The question of issue was ”if prolonged misuse of alcohol can lead to epilepsy” and to unravel the question, 7 studies were used. The studies main focus was alcoholism and seizures. The results from the studies indicated in total that alcohol prabably can cause epilepsy since none of the studies showed the opposite. A prolonged misuse of alcohol can lead to seizures and even epilepsy, but how this comes to be is not clear and needs to be properly investigated. Not to forget, some people who misuse alcohol do not get epilepsy and some never experience even a single seizure.
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Feng-Fang, Hung, and 洪芬芳. "Evaluate the effectiveness of applying clinical pathway for the alcohol withdrawal patients." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92482011477845090601.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防醫學院
護理研究所
87
The purpose of present study is to explore how clinical pathway affects the following indicators of alcoholic patients in the detoxification state: 1). the length of inpatient stay; 2). inpatient medical costs; 3). dosage of Lorazepam using; 4). readmission rate within a month; 5). patients satisfactory level on medical service; 6). satisfactory level of treatment team , etc. Variance analysis was also applied in the present study. Evaluation was done by Quasi Experimental design; the posttest-only design with nonequivalent group for patients; the one-group pretest-posttest design for treatment team, in order to prove weather there is significance on the indicators of variance after the application of clinical pathway for patients. Forty-four patients of control group, and forty-five patients for experimental group, and eighteen staff of treatment team were pulled by using purposive sampling method. All of the related data was collected during the time of August 1998 and April 1999. Statistic methods such as mean, percentile, independent sampl t-test, paired t-test, chi-square, and multiple-regression, were applied for the present study. Results: The variance of clinical pathway for experimental group was 15.6%, specifically on the factor related to patients or their family members. There were significant differences on duration of stay, medical costs, and the dosage of Lorazepam using. In other words, the experimental group appeared lower medical costs, shorter duration of inpatient stay, and lower dosage of Lorazepam using. There was no significant difference on satisfactory level of patients for medical services and the readmission rate within a month. Further more, staff of the treatment team expressed higher satisfaction on work after applied clinical pathway in the unit. In summary, applying clinical pathway can not only reduce medical costs, improve quality of medical care, but also can increase work related satisfaction among workers. Recommendations: 1. Medical administration: a).The results of applying clinical pathway will be beneficial for arranging proper payment standards and hospital accredited standards b). Systematic information processing procedures should be standardized; c). Medical administrators should be involved and to lead the process of clinical pathway; 2. Education and research: a). It is helpful for research organizations to increase opportunities of educational training regarding clinical pathway; b). the present medical model is suggested to be applied for other types of mental illness; c). the costs related to applying clinical pathway need to be analyzed. 3. Clinical work: a). outcome indicators should be identified in order to evaluate treatment results b). A position for clinical pathway managers should be added; c). The clinical pathway for patients in acute state and the rehabilitation state need to be formulated.
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Berman, Ari Ethan. "Brain region gene expression responds discretely to chronic alcohol withdrawal with specific disruption of the hippocampus during intoxication." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2686.
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Ozburn, Angela Renee. "Comparison of ethanol-related behaviors and FosB mapping in hybrid mice with distinct drinking patterns." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/9745.
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Distinct alcohol self-administration behaviors are observed when comparing two F1 hybrid strains of mice: C57BL/6J x NZB/B1NJ (B6xNZB) show reduced alcohol preference (RAP) after experience with high concentrations of alcohol and abstinence periods and C57BL/6J x FVB/NJ (B6xFVB) show sustained alcohol preference (SAP), providing models of stable, high alcohol consumption and moderate drinking. The purpose of this dissertation is to characterize ethanol-related behaviors and define neurocircuits engaged by SAP and RAP. We performed a battery of behavioral tests to define behaviors that predict SAP and RAP. B6xFVB exhibited less severe ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion and were less sensitive to ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex (LORR) than B6xNZB. Both hybrids demonstrated ethanol-induced place preference and low ethanol withdrawal severity. Hybrids differ in sensitivity to the aversive and sedative, but not rewarding, effects of ethanol. Results of elevated plus maze, mirror chamber, and locomotor tests reveal B6xFVB mice are less anxious and more active than B6xNZB mice. The validity of the SAP behavioral phenotype in B6xFVB mice was determined by testing whether chronic self-administration of ethanol produced tolerance or dependence. We measured responses from ethanol-naïve and ethanol-experienced mice in tests of ethanol-induced hypothermia, withdrawal severity, and LORR. Chronic ethanol self-administration resulted in tolerance to sedative and hypothermic effects of ethanol; however, physical dependence was not evident as measured by ethanol withdrawal severity. We tested the hypothesis that SAP and RAP behavioral differences are represented by differential production of the inducible transcription factor, FosB. FosB immunoreactivity was quantified in 16 brain structures after chronic ethanol consumption or only water. Neuronal activity (as measured by FosB levels) depended on ethanol experience, brain region, and genotype, further supporting the notion that neuronal circuitry underlies motivational aspects of ethanol consumption. For B6xNZB mice, ethanol consumption resulted in increased neuronal activity in the EW, VTA, and amygdala, known ethanol- reward-, and stress-related brain regions. In B6xFVB, ethanol consumption resulted in a larger network of correlated regional activity, whereas in B6xNZB ethanol consumption resulted in a smaller network. These studies characterized genetic models of stable, high consumption (SAP) and moderate drinking (RAP) in two hybrid mouse strains.text
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Chiu, Chia-Ya, and 邱珈雅. "Effects of Methadone on NMDA , GABA Receptors and Taurine Metabolism under Chronic Alcohol Administration and Withdrawal in Astrocytes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08571714784808743511.
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碩士中國醫藥大學
營養學系碩士班
100
Ethanol is kind of CNS inhibitor, which effects neurotransmitter receeptors such as N-methyl-D-aspartater receptor (NMDARs) and specifically Gamma- aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAARs) in the brain. Methadone usually reduce damage from heroin withdrawal as substitute medisinms in clinic. The incidence of alcoholism in the MMT patients is 5~50% and found that different drink extent for alcohol administration have different explanation. Taurine participated in brain osmolarity balance , neuroprotective and regulation intracelluler calcium levels ,etc. Moreover, taurine improve the uncomfortable feeling during the alcohol abstinence by astrocytes synthesis. The purpose of the study was to examine whether methadone effects NMDA and GABAA receptors which associated with alcohol administration behavior and synthesis and transpotor of taurine in cultured. Astrocytes were divided into nine group. Except the control and chronic alcohol group, the experimental groups were treated with alcohol medium for 5 days then divided into seven groups by different doses of methadone (0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10μM) , Naltrexone(AN group) and taurine(AT group) for 1 day. After 6 days of treatment , cells were scraped ; cell liquid were collected immediately for analysis of GABA、NMDA receptor subunit ,CSD, TauT, GFAP and taurine levels. The results show that chronic alcohol withdrawal treated 5μM methadone significantly lowered GABAAγ2, GABAAα4, NMDA 2A and NMDA2B subunit levels than AC group. Besides , methadone matained CSD synthesis enzyme levels to enhance taurine levels, and matained taurine to efflux the cell entracelluler by TauT. But taurine levels of the cell entracelluler significantly most lowered than each groups leading to decrease total taurine levels. Based on the results, we conclude that cells treated methadone during chronic alcohol withdrawal effects synthesis and transpotor of taurine a nd modulates alcohol abstinence which resulted variation of type 2 NMDA and GABAA receptor.
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Weitzdörfer, Luise [Verfasser]. ""Revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale" als Prädiktor für die Schwere des Alkoholentzugs / vorgelegt von Luise Weitzdörfer." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1006142894/34.
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Neumann, Karoline. "s100β und Homocystein im Serum von stationär behandelten alkoholabhängigen Patienten als Verlaufsvariablen des akuten Alkoholentzugssyndroms." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5DFF-C.
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Huang, Li-Ping, and 黃莉萍. "Study on knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention and self-efficacy of alcohol withdrawal syndrome for taking-care patients’ nurses of one hospital at YILAN county." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dkn8x3.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
健康促進與衛生教育學系
103
The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitude, behavioral intention and self-efficacy to nurses into take care of the patients suffering alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The research tool used a structured questionnaire which was accepted by National Yang-Ming University Hospital-Institutional Review Board (YMUH- IRB). The participants of this study were the nurses of a regional teaching hospital. Data collected mainly from the questionnaire. A total of 115 valid samples were collected. The recovery ratio is 95.8%. The important results of this research are found as follows: 1.The research objects have good knowledge of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. There are significant difference in knowledge of the level of nursing, seniority and experience of taking care patients who are suffered alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 2.The research objects have good attitude on treatment and management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 3.The research objects have good self-efficacy, and there are significant difference in taking care patients who are suffering from alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 4.The research objects have good behavioral intention, and there are significant difference in age, married, the level of nursing, seniority and experience of taking care patients who are suffering from alcohol withdrawal syndrome. 5.Social demographic variables, attitude, self-efficacy of the research objects are to affect the behavioral intention, and there are explained 30% variance.
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Lopes, Inês Monteiro. "Polimorfismos genéticos associados com o Delirium Tremens." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82389.
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Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de MedicinaIntrodução: O delirium tremens (DT) é a complicação mais grave da síndroma de abstinência alcoólica (SAA). A prevalência de DT é de 1 a 4% nos indivíduos hospitalizados devido a esta síndroma, estando a sua ocorrência associada a uma mortalidade que oscila entre os 5% e os 15% mesmo sob tratamento apropriado A fisiopatologia do DT é complexa, envolvendo interações entre fatores genéticos e ambientais em indivíduos suscetíveis. A identificação de genes potencialmente associados ao DT tem uma relevância clínica considerável pois permitiria determinar com maior precisão o prognóstico e o risco de DT. Objetivo: Proceder a uma revisão sistemática dos estudos que investigaram a associação entre polimorfismos genéticos e a ocorrência de DT. Métodos: Os estudos relevantes publicados nos últimos 12 anos foram obtidos na base de dados Medline/Pubmed. Foram incluídos estudos de associação caso-controlo e determinados os Odds Ratios e intervalos de confiança.Resultados: O conjunto de trabalhos implicou o estudo de um total de 31 polimorfismos, tendo sido analisados um total de 19 genes em matéria de associação ou não associação com DT. Destes, 6 genes mostraram associação significativa com o desenvolvimento de DT, nomeadamente o gene DBH (dopamina beta-hidroxilase) (OR=2.8, 95%; IC: 0.97–8.1; p=0.056), o gene CHRM2 (receptor muscarínico colinérgico tipo 2) (valor Chi-square= 13.8; p=0.0001), o gene GABRA2 (subunidade alfa-2 do receptor do ácido gama-aminobutírico) (OR = 1.55), e uma interacção entre os genes DRD2 (receptor de dopamina tipo 2) e S1C6A4 (transportador de serotonina) (OR = 0.14, 95%; IC: 0.04–0.52, p=0,003). Nenhum gene candidato mostrou uma associação positiva que fosse reproduzida num estudo diferente dentro desta amostra. Os restantes polimorfismos investigados não mostraram associação significativa com o desenvolvimento de DT.Conclusão: Esta revisão identificou uma variedade de polimorfismos genéticos com associação com o DT, cujos resultados necessitam de ser reproduzidos em amostras de maiores dimensões por forma a serem validados. Neurossistemas como o da transmissão colinérgica e interacções gene-gene entre a transmissão serotoninérgica e dopaminérgica são alvos promissores de investigação futura.
Background: Delirium tremens (DT) is considered to be the most severe complication regarding alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and it is thought to occur in 1-4% of the alcoholic patients hospitalized with this syndrome. Its ocurrence ranges from 5% to 15% despite appropriate treatment. The genetic aspects with regard to this pathology are rather complex, involving interactions between genetic and environmental factors in susceptible individuals. Identifying genes potentially associated with DT would have significant clinical relevance as it would allow to determine with greater precision the prognosis and risk of DT.Aim: To perform a systematic review of the studies that addressed the association between genetic polymorphisms and DT.Methods: The relevant published studies in the last 12 years have been retrieved from Medline/Pubmed database. We included case-control association studies and determined odds ratio and confidence intervals.Results: The gathered articles had studied a total of 31 genetic polymorphisms in 19 genes regarding the association with DT. 6 genes have shown significant association, namely the DBH gene (dopamine beta-hydroxylase), CHRM2 gene (cholinergic muscarinic receptor type 2), GABRA 2 gene (Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2) and one interaction between the DRD2 gene (dopamine receptor type 2) and SLC6A4 (serotonin trasporter). None of the candidate genes associations have been reproduced in another study inside this pool of articles. The remaining polymorphisms have shown no significant association with DT. Conclusion: This review has identified a variety of genetic polymorphisms with significant association with DT, though there is still a need for replication of the results in larger samples. Neurossystems such as that of the cholinergic transmission and gene-gene interactions between serotoninergic and dopaminergic transmission are promising targets for future research.
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Gonçalves, Eugénio António Moita. "Effects of chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal on the cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei of the rat: an unbiased stereological study." Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/119852.
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Gonçalves, Eugénio António Moita. "Effects of chronic alcohol consumption and withdrawal on the cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei of the rat: an unbiased stereological study." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/119852.
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Malíková, Kristýna. "Sociální práce s mladistvými osobami závislými na psychoaktivních látkách." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351462.
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The aim of this thesis is to draw attention to the serious problem of drug addiction among adolescents who are abusing addictive substances or marijuana. This increasingly important issue is discussed a lot, but very often neglected by the society. This thesis provides definitions and characteristics of individual drugs and their effects on adolescents. The need for prevention and treatment of adolescent clients is emphasized, alongside with the family support, which is often crucial. In the practical part, the author of the thesis focuses on organizations that are critically important in this field. These organizations focus on prevention, counseling services, social inclusion and treatment facilities (inpatient and outpatient services), etc. Their characteristics and methods of client treatment are described. Furthermore, in this work the author presents a survey that confirms the findings of some detailed quantitative research papers. The main findings are that drug abuse is a major problem of this century and also a burden on society, especially on the adolescents themselves. The solution is very complicated and time consuming, but everyone can contribute by not being indifferent to this problem.
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Pereira, Maria Cecília Paredes. "Toxicodependência e a medicina dentária." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5511.
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Introdução: com o aumento da toxicodependência, que engloba um problema mundial,
também cresce o número de doentes com suas devidas consequências, que são
patologias sistémicas, englobando a saúde oral, que é uma das partes do corpo que mais
sofre com a toxicodependência.
Objetivos: Esta tese tem como objetivo a revisão da literatura sobre
“toxicodependência” e “medicina dentária”, correlacionando estes temas com patologias
e complicações na cavidade oral, nomeadamente, bruxismo, desgaste dental,
xerostomia, halitose, cárie rampante e doença periodontal.
Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com base em artigos publicados
em revistas e teses disponíveis em bibliotecas online, nos últimos dez anos. As palavraschaves
usadas foram, assim como a conjugação entre elas e seus devidos idiomas:
toxicodependência, desintoxicação, abstinência, cannabis, álcool, metanfetamina,
heroína, opiáceos, tabaco, nicotina, metadona, erosão dentária, xerostomia, cáries,
bruxismo, entre outras.
Conclusão: Preconiza-se que haja uma maior atenção e conhecimento por parte do
médico dentista sobre esta condição, bem como das complicações associadas, uma vez
que é um dos principais profissionais de saúde a ter o contacto e a oportunidade de tratar
os pacientes sintomáticos, como também os que estão em fase de recuperação e
reinserção social.Introduction: with the increase in drug abuse, which includes a worldwide problem, also grows the number of patients with their consequences, which are systemic pathologies, including oral health, which is one of the parts of the body suffers from drug addiction. Objectives: this thesis aims to review the literature on "toxicodependence" and "dentistry", correlating these subjects with pathologies and complications in the oral cavity, in particular, bruxism dental wear, xerostomia, halitosis, rampant caries and periodontal disease. Methods: a literature review was conducted on the basis of articles published in journals and theses available in libraries on line, in the last ten years. The keywords were used, as well as the conjugation between them and their proper languages: addiction, detox, withdrawal, cannabis, alcohol, methamphetamine, dental erosion, xerostomia, cavities, bruxism, among others. Conclusion: That there be greater attention and knowledge on the part of the dentist about this condition, as well as of the associated complications, since it is one of the leading health care professionals having contact and the opportunity to treat the symptomatic patients, as well as those who are in the process of recovery and social reintegration.
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Lin, Hsiao-Shan, and 林筱珊. "Effects of Soy Protein on Alcoholic Liver Disease in Ethanol-Withdrawal Rats." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03312234176909761042.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
保健營養學研究所
98
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the common consequence of prolong alcohol intake. The metabolism of alcohol generates free radicals which lead to increase oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, hepatic fat accumulation, and may further cause liver inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of soy protein consumption on alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Rats were induced to have ALD with low carbohydrate ethanol liquid diet for 12 weeks and divided into the control group and two experiment groups: the EC group (control liquid diet) and the EP group (control liquid diet + soy protein) for 4 weeks. Diets of the experiment groups contain soy protein as substitution of all of casein. The control group was feed control liquid diet for 16 weeks. After soy protein intervention, we sacrificed partial rats at the 0, 2 and 4 week. Results showed that ethanol group could significantly increase hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation, and that diet containing soy protein isolate could significantly decrease hepatic lipid, malondialdehyde, pro-inflammatory cytokines, hydroxyproline levels, and myeloperoxidase activity. Additionally, soy protein isolate intake lowered hepatic CYP2E1 protein expression, and increased hepatic PPAR-alpha and CYP4A protein expression. In conclusion, soy protein isolate may improve the alcohol-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and CYP2E1 protein expression, and increasing PPAR-alpha and CYP4A protein expression and thereby improve alcoholic liver disease progression.
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Maternová, Marcela. "Fenomén alkoholismu a možnosti sociální práce." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329302.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis explores the phenomenon of formation and development of alcohol dependence. In the first series focuses on the historical description, which demonstrates considerable anchored in the life of our ancestors already. It also defines the concept of addiction, its causes and consequences, whether psychological, medical or social. Its objective is to describe the possibilities of social work in this phenomenon. defines therefore primarily targets and understanding of social work and consequently specifics of client alcoholism. An important element is the role of the social worker in the client's motivation to change, which uses Nešpor's model of spontaneous changes in motivation. Then, on the basis of available social services selects several most suitable, which can help to improve the client's situation. Has an essential role in this issue also primary prevention, ie it discusses the methodology, target groups, focusing on adolescents and the focus is on the firm role of the family. Finally contains some official documents on primary prevention, which are discussed current issues of primary prevention practice and subsequent survey, mapping aspect of social workers on the incidence risk of alcohol dependence among adolescents attending social facilities.
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Norrish, Maria Elizabeth. "Guidelines for the rehabilitation of the juvenile who had committed a drug-related crime." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4917.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to understand the meaning of the lived experiences of incarcerated male juveniles who had committed drug-related crimes and to suggest guidelines for their rehabilitation with specific reference to their health care needs. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used Parse’s (1998) Theory of Human Becoming as a theoretical framework for the study and Parse’s (1998, 2005) phenomenological-hermeneutic research method.
This study was restricted to three juvenile correctional centres in the Gauteng province, Republic of South Africa (RSA). A sample of 15 male juveniles (5 at each of the three juvenile correctional centres) was used for the purpose of individual dialogical engagements with the participants. Focus group interview sessions were held with two groups (5 members per group) at two identified juvenile correctional centres.
A qualitative content analysis according to methods recommended by Graneheim and Lundman (2004) was performed on the data that was collected from the individual dialogical-engagements and the focus group interviews. The researcher attempted to elucidate the meanings that the participants attached to their experiences of incarceration as narrated by them and analysed the data according to Parse’s (1998; 2005) phenomenological-hermeneutic method comprising of extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The findings of this research confirm that problems of drug abuse and criminal activity represent a multifaceted, complex and often intractable phenomenon. The research also confirmed that the participants suffer from a variety of emotional and psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, fear, guilt, remorse, regret and a craving for the drugs that they had abused before their incarceration. It appears that the participants find it extremely difficult to deal effectively with these disorders on their own and that they are generally averse to asking for professional help and assistance. Interventions to alleviate these problems are crucial for the
success of the current rehabilitation programmes being pursued in the correctional centres where the participants are accommodated.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
42
Norrish, Maria Elizabeth. "Guidelines for the rehabilitation of the juveline who had committed a drug-related crime." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4917.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to understand the meaning of the lived experiences of incarcerated male juveniles who had committed drug-related crimes and to suggest guidelines for their rehabilitation with specific reference to their health care needs. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher used Parse’s (1998) Theory of Human Becoming as a theoretical framework for the study and Parse’s (1998, 2005) phenomenological-hermeneutic research method.
This study was restricted to three juvenile correctional centres in the Gauteng province, Republic of South Africa (RSA). A sample of 15 male juveniles (5 at each of the three juvenile correctional centres) was used for the purpose of individual dialogical engagements with the participants. Focus group interview sessions were held with two groups (5 members per group) at two identified juvenile correctional centres.
A qualitative content analysis according to methods recommended by Graneheim and Lundman (2004) was performed on the data that was collected from the individual dialogical-engagements and the focus group interviews. The researcher attempted to elucidate the meanings that the participants attached to their experiences of incarceration as narrated by them and analysed the data according to Parse’s (1998; 2005) phenomenological-hermeneutic method comprising of extraction-synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The findings of this research confirm that problems of drug abuse and criminal activity represent a multifaceted, complex and often intractable phenomenon. The research also confirmed that the participants suffer from a variety of emotional and psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, fear, guilt, remorse, regret and a craving for the drugs that they had abused before their incarceration. It appears that the participants find it extremely difficult to deal effectively with these disorders on their own and that they are generally averse to asking for professional help and assistance. Interventions to alleviate these problems are crucial for the
success of the current rehabilitation programmes being pursued in the correctional centres where the participants are accommodated.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
43
Huang, Ming-Chyi, and 黃名琪. "Differential Patterns of Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Circadian Rhythm Gene Expression in Alcoholic Patients with and without Delirium Tremens During Acute Withdrawal." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85732885295130964202.
Full textAbstract:
博士臺北醫學大學
醫學科學研究所
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Background: Alcohol withdrawal-enhanced neuroadaptation contributes to the addictive process. Delirium tremens (DTs) is the most serious complication of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and postulated to be a clinically distinct phenotype among AWS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal plasticity and learning related to addiction. Meanwhile, current evidence indicated a clear interaction between chronic alcohol consumption and disrupted circadian rhythmicity which is regulated by several circadian clock genes including hClock1, hBmal1, hPer1, hPer2, hCry1, hCry2. Studies exploring the altered expressions of these genes in alcohol addiction have been mainly described in animals. Therefore, we assessed the differences in serum BDNF levels as well as the mRNA expression of circadian clock genes, measured at baseline and one week after alcohol withdrawal among alcoholic patients with and without DT. Methods: Sixty-five inpatients, fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria of alcohol dependence and admitted for alcohol detoxification, as well as 39 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The alcoholic patients were further divided by the appearance of DTs into the DT group (n = 25) and non-DT group (n = 40). All the participants received blood withdrawal at 9-10 a.m. while the AD patients had blood collection for twice: on the next morning of admission (baseline) and on the 7th day. Among them, the PBMCs of 22 male alcoholics and 12 comparison control subjects were collected from the whole blood. Serum BDNF levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while the mRNA expression profiles of hClock1, hBmal1, hPer1, hPer2, hCry1, hCry2 in PBMCs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Serum BDNF levels differed significantly among the three groups: (1) control group 14.8 ± 4.7 ng/mL; (2) non-DT group 12.3 ± 3.3 ng/mL; (3) DT group 6.2 ± 2.6 ng/mL (p < 0.001). After one week after alcohol withdrawal, BDNF levels increased significantly for both alcoholic groups. While non-DT group had comparable BDNF levels (13.4 ± 3.5 ng/mL) with controls, the DT group still exhibited lower levels (8.9 ± 4.4 ng/mL). Regarding to the expression of circadian clock genes, baseline mRNA levels were markedly lower in AD patients than in control subjects. After one week of alcohol detoxification, there were very limited restorations of discrete circadian gene expressions. DT group did not differ in the expression patterns of circadian clock genes from non-DT group. Conclusions: The present study suggests chronic drinking leads to a reduction in BDNF levels and patients with more deficient BDNF expression are vulnerable to the development of DTs. BDNF levels elevated after prompt alcohol detoxification treatment. Therefore BDNF could involve modifying the phenotypes of AWS as well as the pertinent neuroadaptive processes of AD. In addition, we first demonstrated the overall lowering of circadian clock genes among AD patients. But, the expression pattern is comparable between patients with and without DTs. Though preliminary with data at only one single time point, the observation of strikingly reduced mRNA levels supports the association between circadian clock gene dysregulation and chronic alcohol intake.