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Sariola, Sakari, Edward Kaufman, and Louis Jolyon West. "Power to Change: Family Case Studies in the Treatment of Alcoholism." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 5 (September 1985): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069559.
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Morris, J. "Power to Change: Family Case Studies in the Treatment of Alcoholism." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 46, no. 4 (July 1985): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1985.46.363.
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Seelye, Edward E. "Power to Change: Family Case Studies in the Treatment of Alcoholism." American Journal of Psychotherapy 40, no. 2 (April 1986): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1986.40.2.317.
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Edwards, Griffith. "Power to change—family case studies in the treatments of alcoholism." Behaviour Research and Therapy 23, no. 4 (1985): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(85)90212-8.
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Fichter, MM, N. Quadflieg, A. Greifenhagen, M. Koniarczyk, and J. Wölz. "Alcoholism among homeless men in Munich, Germany." European Psychiatry 12, no. 2 (1997): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)89644-7.
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SummaryProbably in association with changes in the economic structure and high unemployment rates in western industrialized countries, homelessness is becoming more apparent publicly and receiving increased media attention. More studies on the issue of mental illness and homelessness have been performed in recent years in North America while hardly any representative and reliable data exists concerning Germany and some other European countries. The aim of our study was 1) to assess alcohol abuse and dependency as well as other mental disorders in a representative sample of homeless men in Munich using reliable methods of case identification (Diagnostic Interview Schedule [DIS and DIS/DSM-III diagnoses); 2) to compare homeless alcoholics with homeless non-alcoholics in our sample on relevant variables and issues and 3) to compare our data from the sample of homeless men in Munich with data obtained by others using the same case identification procedure (DIS/DSM-III diagnoses). According to our results, the lifetime prevalence of any DIS/DSM-III Axis I diagnoses was 94.5% and the lifetime prevalence of substance use disorder was 91.8%. The single most prevalent diagnosis among homeless males in Munich was alcohol dependency (lifetime 82.9%), while alcohol abuse (lifetime 8.2%) and drug abuse/dependency were considerably lower (lifetime 17.8%). Data show that alcoholism and its consequences were more severe in the Munich as compared to the Los Angeles homeless sample. Homeless alcoholics showed a high comorbidity with other mental disorders (lifetime) such as affective disorders (44.4%), anxiety disorders (22.6%), drug abuse/dependence (18.8%) and schizophrenia (12.0%); 64% of those with alcoholism at some time during their life had at least one other lifetime mental disorder. Alcohol-related patterns of living and symptoms as well as social or role functioning are described for homeless alcoholics in Munich and compared with data from other relevant studies. Considering the extremely high prevalence of alcohol dependence frequently in combination with other mental disorders, the use of alcohol rehabilitation and other services as well as self-help groups was minimum among Munich homeless alcoholics. New concepts to deal with these problems are needed and if they exist, they need to be implemented.
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Zweben, Allen. "Book Review: Power to Change: Family Case Studies in the Treatment of Alcoholism." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (May 1986): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100424.
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Sherman, Janette D. "Polybrominated Biphenyl Exposure and Human Cancer: Report of a Case and Public Health Implications." Toxicology and Industrial Health 7, no. 3 (May 1991): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379100700305.
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This is a human case report of documented exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), with serial PBB determinations, obtained over an 11 year period, and signs and symptoms characteristic of PBB exposure, culminating in cancer. No epidemiological studies of PBB and cancer are available, but structure- activity relationships and animal studies were predictive of malignancy. The patient did not have the risk factors of alcoholism or cigarette smoking.
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Dragisic-Labas, Sladjana. "Domestic violence and alcohol use: Security measures of compulsory treatment and a case study." Sociologija 57, no. 2 (2015): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1502259d.
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Alcohol consumption is one among a number of factors in the etiology of violent crime which includes domestic violence. Domestic violence usually designates: violence between partners (spouses) and violence towards children and elderly parents. The aim of this article is to highlight the impact of alcohol abuse (intoxication) and alcohol dependence on domestic violence, but also to emphasize the multifactoriality of this relation, the economic damage that society suffers and the society?s very role with regard to the alcohol-crime relation. Presented are also different research projects and statistical data regarding the prevalence of this phenomena, together with three case studies that involved violent behavior towards the spouse, children and parents. The offenders received an order of compulsory treatment of alcoholism in a psychiatric institution and have been treated and observed for two years (psychotherapy and support clubs). The literature and the experiences of psychotherapeutic practice lead to a conclusion that prevention of alcohol abuse and alcoholism is indeed one of the factors that play a significant role in reducing the rate of violent crime, especially of domestic violence.
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Sonwani, Nagendra Singh, Navneet Ateriya, Arvind Kumar, Anil Kohli, and Kalyan Kumar Banerjee. "Sudden death due to ruptured oesophageal varices – autopsy-based case report." Medico-Legal Journal 88, no. 4 (June 5, 2020): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817220926929.
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Acute haemorrhage from ruptured oesophageal varices is a serious consequence of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients. It represents a medical emergency with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Studies over the years have shown a direct link with chronic alcoholism in the development of such complications. Although the gastrointestinal system accounts for a few numbers of sudden deaths, bleeding through ruptured varices represent a life-threatening condition. The role of forensic pathologist is vital in dealing with sudden deaths. Here, we report a case of a 46-year-old man who died suddenly following the rupture of oesophageal varices.
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Mick, I., S. O’Connor, V. Vitvitsky, M. H. Plawecki, K. F. Mann, and U. S. Zimmermann. "Computer-assisted Self-infusion of Ethanol (case): New Outcome Measures may Contain Unseful Information." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70675-3.
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Oral alcohol self-administration studies limit the range of arterial blood alcohol concentrations (aBAC) due to the combination of IRB-constraints on the maximum aBAC allowed and substantial variability in idiosyncratic enteral absorption. 25 healthy young adults participated in a preliminary assessment of the influence of familial alcoholism on alcohol self-administration using CASE. CASE automates the i.v. infusion of 6% ethanol, using an individualized kinetic model to achieve identical incremental aBAC in all subjects.In two CASE sessions, the subject was instructed to request infused “drinks” in order to emulate his/her perceptions of alcohol effects obtained at a weekend party. Conventional outcome measures all correlated closely with each other, so we evaluated the basic shape of the time course of aBAC achieved and the latency to peak aBAC (Tpk).Tpk correlated with maximum aBAC on the 1st (p= 0.029), but not 2nd session. Further, Tpk did not correlate with mean aBAC on either day, but did correlate well with the number of drink requests on both days (p< 0.001). In 33 out of 47 experiments, subjects achieved and maintained stable plateaus of aBAC for at least 30 minutes during the self-infusion. Both latency to peak aBAC and the shape of the subject’s preferred time course of aBAC may represent informative new ways of examining styles of alcohol self-administration of alcohol using CASE. The additions may enrich studies of the influence of factors such as familial alcoholism on the vulnerability for alcohol future alcohol dependence.
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Grochowski, Cezary, Eliza Blicharska, Jacek Baj, Aleksandra Mierzwińska, Karolina Brzozowska, Alicja Forma, and Ryszard Maciejewski. "Serum iron, Magnesium, Copper, and Manganese Levels in Alcoholism: A Systematic Review." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 7, 2019): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071361.
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The aim of this paper was to review recent literature (from 2000 onwards) and summarize the newest findings on fluctuations in the concentration of some essential macro- and microelements in those patients with a history of chronic alcohol abuse. The focus was mainly on four elements which the authors found of particular interest: Iron, magnesium, copper, and manganese. After independently reviewing over 50 articles, the results were consistent with regard to iron and magnesium. On the other hand, data were limited, and in some cases contradictory, as far as copper and manganese were concerned. Iron overload and magnesium deficiency are two common results of an excessive and prolonged consumption of alcohol. An increase in the levels of iron can be seen both in the serum and within the cells, hepatocytes in particular. This is due to a number of factors: Increased ferritin levels, lower hepcidin levels, as well as some fluctuations in the concentration of the TfR receptor for transferrin, among others. Hypomagnesemia is universally observed among those suffering from alcoholism. Again, the causes for this are numerous and include malnutrition, drug abuse, respiratory alkalosis, and gastrointestinal problems, apart from the direct influence of excessive alcohol intake. Unfortunately, studies regarding the levels of both copper and manganese in the case of (alcoholic) liver disease are scarce and often contradictory. Still, the authors have attempted to summarize and give a thorough insight into the literature available, bearing in mind the difficulties involved in the studies. Frequent comorbidities and mutual relationships between the elements in question are just some of the complications in the study of this topic.
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Doan, QuynhChau Diem, Annette Beiderbeck, and Qingshan Qian. "Prevalence of risk factors among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the general population in an employer group database." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.190.
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190 Background: Most US studies evaluating risk factors for HCC have used data from hospitals, cancer registries, or Veterans Affairs database. These data sources have small patient populations and limited generalizability. Methods: This study investigated the association between HCC and potential risk factors [hepatitis B and C virus (HBV, HCV), diabetes, alcoholism, cirrhosis, obesity, liver disease, dyslipidemia, hemochromatosis, and hypothyroidism] and compared to the general (non-HCC) population of ~60 million lives from an employer group database. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the Marketscan Research Database from Thomason Reuters. Case patients had an ICD-9 diagnosis for HCC between 1/1/2001 – 12/31/2009 (index date) but no HCC diagnosis during 1-year prior to index date. Randomly selected control patients did not have HCC diagnosis, were matched 3:1 ratio and enrolled during same time period as matched case patients, and matched for age (+/− 1 year), gender, and geographical region. All patients were 18 - 65 years old and did not have any cancer diagnosis (except HCC for case patients). Data from 1-year prior to index date were used to identify risk factors. Demographic variables and prevalence of risk factors were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple logistic regression was used to predict the odds of developing HCC compared to non-HCC patients for these risk factors. Results: The study included 1,208 case and 3,624 control patients. Mean age of cases and controls was 54 years and 67% were male. In unadjusted multiple logistic regression models, the risk for HCC was 48-fold and 135-fold increased for patients with HBV and HCV, respectively [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.2 – 374.4 for HBV, 31.5 – 580.8 for HCV]. Diabetes increased the risk for HCC by 3.85 (95% CI 2.5 – 5.9). Alcoholic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic (NA) fatty liver disease/NA steatohepatitis increased the risk for HCC by nearly 200-fold. Conclusions: Using a larger database, these study findings were consistent with previous research and provided further evidence that the risk of HCC is greatly increased in individuals diagnosed with hepatitis, diabetes, liver disease, and alcoholism.
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Sahin, Osman Zikrullah, Teslime Ayaz, Suleyman Yuce, Fatih Sumer, and Serap Baydur Sahin. "A Rare Case of Acute Renal Failure Secondary to Rhabdomyolysis Probably Induced by Donepezil." Case Reports in Nephrology 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/214359.
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Introduction. Acute renal failure (ARF) develops in 33% of the patients with rhabdomyolysis. The main etiologic factors are alcoholism, trauma, exercise overexertion, and drugs. In this report we present a rare case of ARF secondary to probably donepezil-induced rhabdomyolysis.Case Presentation. An 84-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with a complaint of generalized weakness and reduced consciousness for two days. He had a history of Alzheimer’s disease for one year and he had taken donepezil 5 mg daily for two months. The patient’s physical examination revealed apathy, loss of cooperation, and decreased muscle strength. Laboratory studies revealed the following: urea: 128 mg/dL; Creatinine 6.06 mg/dL; creatine kinase: 3613 mg/dL. Donepezil was discontinued and the patient’s renal function tests improved gradually.Conclusion. Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure may develop secondary to donepezil therapy.
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Ежкова, Е. В., М. А. Винникова, and Р. А. Булатова. "About of the Co-morbidity of Alcoholism: a Clinical Case of the co-occurring Alcohol Dependence and Schizophrenia." Научно-практический журнал «Наркология», no. 1() (March 5, 2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/1682-8313.2018.01.32-39.
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Многочисленные исследования последних лет указывают на увеличение коморбидной психиатрической патологии в популяции больных алкоголизмом. Представлен анализ клинического случая алкогольной зависимости, протекающей на фоне шизофренического процесса. Особое внимание обращено на трудности диагностики шизофрении, сочетанной с алкогольной зависимостью, а также особенности клинической картины алкогольной зависимости, протекающей на фоне шизофрении. Numerous research studies reveal that degree of incidence of psychiatric co-morbidity increases among patients with alcohol dependence at the present time. The analysis of the clinical case of the co-morbidities like as alcohol dependence and schizophrenia is presented. The clinical case shows difficulties in diagnostic of co-morbidity psychiatric disease, as well as the peculiarities of alcohol dependence on the background of schizophrenia.
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Ежкова, Е. В., М. А. Винникова, and Р. А. Булатова. "About of the Co-morbidity of Alcoholism: a Clinical Case of the co-occurring Alcohol Dependence and Schizophrenia." Научно-практический журнал «Наркология», no. 1() (February 28, 2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/igpp.2018.1.10757.
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Многочисленные исследования последних лет указывают на увеличение коморбидной психиатрической патологии в популяции больных алкоголизмом. Представлен анализ клинического случая алкогольной зависимости, протекающей на фоне шизофренического процесса. Особое внимание обращено на трудности диагностики шизофрении, сочетанной с алкогольной зависимостью, а также особенности клинической картины алкогольной зависимости, протекающей на фоне шизофрении. Numerous research studies reveal that degree of incidence of psychiatric co-morbidity increases among patients with alcohol dependence at the present time. The analysis of the clinical case of the co-morbidities like as alcohol dependence and schizophrenia is presented. The clinical case shows difficulties in diagnostic of co-morbidity psychiatric disease, as well as the peculiarities of alcohol dependence on the background of schizophrenia.
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Munafò, M. R., I. J. Matheson, and J. Flint. "Association of the DRD2 gene Taq1A polymorphism and alcoholism: a meta-analysis of case–control studies and evidence of publication bias." Molecular Psychiatry 12, no. 5 (January 9, 2007): 454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001938.
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El-Guebaly, N. "Risk Research in Affective Disorders and Alcoholism: Epidemiological Surveys and Trait Markers." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (May 1986): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100415.
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Traditional designs in risk research have been in the form of epidemiologic surveys aimed at assessing a genetic contribution or search for broader indicators of vulnerability, resulting from the interaction of both nature and nurture. Recently, an interest in biological markers has resulted in the search for possible trait markers identifying more specifically, individuals with a life-long risk for an illness that may be expressed or not. The contributions, limitations and evolution of these strategies are reviewed in the syndromes of affective disorders and alcoholism. Recommendations include the use of biotypes rather than phenomenotypes for the diagnosis of the index case. Current promising approaches include the study of pedigrees biased towards a particular variable, a discriminant analysis of the variation in expressivity of the syndrome and the genetic linkage studies. While there is so far no established trait marker, research strategies are emerging and withstanding the test of time. The present technological explosion will undoubtedly further our understanding of risk factors.
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Poutanen, Outi, Anna-Maija Koivisto, and Raimo K. R. Salokangas. "The Depression Scale (DEPS) as a case finder for depression in various subgroups of primary care patients." European Psychiatry 23, no. 8 (December 2008): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.06.007.
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AbstractPurposeThe quick and simple Depression Scale (DEPS) has been a popular self-rating depression scale in Finland for nearly 15 years. The purpose was to assess the validity of the DEPS in various subgroups of patients.Materials and methodsPrimary care patients, aged 18–64, completed a postal questionnaire including the DEPS. Of the 1643 patients all screen-positive subjects and every 10th screen-negative subject were invited for interview (the Present State Examination, PSE). Complete DEPS scores were available for 410 patients. They were grouped by gender, age, marital status, perceived physical health, basic education and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) score. Separately for each subgroup, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were done, sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), predictive values and likelihood ratios were calculated, and Cronbach's α was estimated.ResultsThe DEPS was valid in general, but best for patients with basic education longer than 9 years.DiscussionThe key statistical figures for the DEPS were comparable to the figures for other short self-rating scales.ConclusionThe DEPS is a valid case finder for primary care patients in the age group 18–64 years, and especially suitable for more highly educated patients. Future studies comparing the DEPS with other simple depression rating scales are needed.
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Pokale, Yogesh Jagannath, and Sunil G. Gupte. "A Case Report on Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome." MVP Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/mvpjms/2014/v1/i1/835.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Alcohol use is one of the most serious problems in public health and the Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is one of the gravest consequences of alcoholism. Post-mortem studies suggest that Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome occurs in 12.5% of dependent drinkers and in 2% of the general population. Korsakoff Syndrome is an amnestic disorder generally followed by untreated Wernicke's Encephalopathy. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is most commonly a post-mortem diagnosis. <strong>Aim and Objective:</strong> To report a case of Korsakoff Syndrome since the clinical presentation is often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. <strong>Case description:</strong> 50 year old male, drinking heavily since 25 years presented with complaints of forgetfulness, talking irrelevantly since last 18 months. Patient developed symptoms of confusion, ataxia, and altered behaviour 2 years back, for which he was treated as a case of encephalitis and not treated with thiamine. He later progressed to show symptoms of amnesia. On examination, patient showed recent memory deficit with anterograde and variable retrograde amnesia with confabulations. Neurological examination revealed absent deep tendon reflexes and signs of peripheral neuropathy. MRI brain showed global cortical atrophy. The sequence of events in this case study demonstrates the possible effects of long term alcohol use, namely Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Highlights of the medical model of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome will be subsequently presented. Lastly, suggestions for treatment and prevention of further damage will be discussed.
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Sandhu, Gurpreet S., and Hiresh R. Nagrale. "Computed Tomography Evaluation of Brain in Chronic Alcoholics." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 11, no. 01 (November 25, 2019): 063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700610.
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Abstract Background Chronic alcoholism causes brain damage. Published data from rural India is scant. Our aim is to determine computed tomography (CT) changes in the brain of rural chronic alcoholics. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was done in our tertiary care hospital on chronic alcoholic patients referred from deaddiction center over a period of 2 years. Age- and sex-matched nonalcoholic controls were included and Student’s t-test and chi-square test comparison was done. Correlation coefficient was obtained by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Patients and the controls were studied in two age groups: 30 to 45 and 46 to 60 years. Noncontrast CT scan of head was done in each case and CT indices of brain damage were measured. Results The study included 106 alcoholics out of which 55 were in the younger age group (30–45 years) and 51 in the older age group (46–60 years). Seven hundred age-matched, nonalcoholic controls were included. Mean values of ethanol were higher in the older age group than in the younger age group. As compared with controls, various CT scan indices of ventricular changes, cortical changes, and subcortical changes were significantly higher in both age groups. In both age groups, there was a significant decrease in the mean values of hemoglobin and a significant increase in the mean values of indices of brain damage with increase in the grade of alcoholism. Conclusion The results of this prospective epidemiological study showed marked alterations in all CT indices of brain atrophy and were correlated to the duration and amount of ethanol consumption. This study highlights that chronic alcoholism is a significant risk factor for brain atrophy.
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Beraldo, D. O., S. B. C. P. Duarte, R. B. Santos, C. G. Mendes, M. P. Silveira, A. S. Neto, M. M. Silva, et al. "Pontine Myelinolysis Caused by Hypovolemic Hypernatremia." Case Reports in Nephrology 2020 (September 8, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4079098.
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Introduction. Central pontine myelinolysis is characterized by the occurrence of acute demyelinating lesions of cells in the pons secondary to abrupt oscillations of serum osmolarity. Its exact incidence is not well defined, but studies show a prevalence of 0.25 to 0.5% in the general population, 2.5% in the intensive care unit, and up to 10% in patients with risk factors, such as chronic liver disease and hepatic transplantation, alcoholism, malnutrition, diuretic therapy, electrolyte imbalance, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. Case Report. A 70-year-old white female with extranodal diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (extensive mass on the left anterior chest wall), stage IVA, developed pontine myelinolysis secondary to hypovolemic acute hypernatremia, which occurred due to diarrhea caused by chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine). Discussion. Pontine myelinolysis occurs most often due to the rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia. But here, we describe a case of the disease secondary to the occurrence of hypovolemic acute hypernatremia in a patient with a hematological malignancy under treatment, who was on chronic treatment with thiazide diuretics and who presented with other electrolyte disturbances as risk factors for the development of pontine myelinolysis.
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GREGORIO, Valeria Duarte, Roselma LUCCHESE, Ivânia VERA, Graciele C. SILVA, Andrecia SILVA, and Rayrane Clarah Chaveiro MORAES. "THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IS AMENDED AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY? AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 29, suppl 1 (2016): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720201600s10027.
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ABSTRACT Background Bariatric surgery has been an alternative when conservative methods of weight loss fail. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery have an increased risk of up to 6.5% of problems related to alcohol Objective: Integrative review out to analyze the change of alcohol consumption in this public Method: Database was accessed from June of 2015 to January of 2016 by searching "bariatric surgery" AND "alcoholism", and their Portuguese equivalents. ScienceDirect, PubMed, Lilacs and Medline, besides manual search, were searched. To be included, the paper should have been published between 2005-2016 and related to bariatric surgery and alcoholism. Theses, dissertations, unpublished papers, case reports and theoretical studies were excluded, and a database was subsequently composed Results: In 2005 there was only a review of change in alcohol metabolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. There were no publications in 2006. In 2007, only one study was published, and it did not meet the inclusion criteria. In 2010, there was an increase of 13% in publications and of 20% in 2012, reaching 40% in 2013 Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence of alcohol consumption in relation to the postoperative time was six months to three years with higher incidence for follow-up treatment by men. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass showed greater association with increased consumption of alcohol during the postoperative period. Alcohol consumption proved to be essential to be faced in bariatric surgery.
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Rajkumar, Ravi Philip. "Substance Use Disorders in Men Presenting to a Psychosexual Clinic." ISRN Addiction 2014 (January 6, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/486383.
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Introduction. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are commonly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Community-based studies have found a significant association between SUDs and sexual dysfunction in men, with a possible causal relation in the case of nicotine. Methods. The case records of 105 men presenting to a clinic for patients with psychosexual disorders were reviewed. Men with and without comorbid SUDs were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and familial variables. Results. 25 of the 105 men (23.8%) had a lifetime diagnosis of SUD, and 19 (18.1%) had a current SUD. The commonest substances involved were nicotine (n = 21, 20%) and alcohol (n = 9, 9.5%). Men with comorbid SUDs were more likely to report a family history of substance dependence, particularly alcoholism. Single men with SUDs were more likely to have a comorbid mood disorder. Conclusion. SUDs, particularly nicotine and alcohol use disorders, are common comorbidities in patients with psychosexual disorders. Identifying and treating these disorders in this population are important aspects of management.
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G., Suresh, Ramchandar Ramanan, and Sureshkumar Ayyappan. "A rare case of giant pseudocyst of pancreas extending up to anterior abdominal wall requiring Roux en Y cystojejunostomy." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 2180. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20212731.
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Pancreatic pseudocyst is rather a common complication following pancreatitis and chronic alcoholism related. Only few cases of giant pseudocyst measuring more than 10 cm of size or more in widest diameter has been reported in the literature. Possible attributable factors for less reported cases may be due to discripancies in sizing classification, in several studies the term 'large' or 'huge' were used instead of 'giant' when cyst measuring 10 cm or larger in its widest diameter. Pancreatic pseudocyst is usually sterile but when get secondarily infected may lead to life threatening complications such as pancreatc abscess which becomes very difficult to treat. Hence proper and timely intervention of giant pancreatic pseudocyst would probably reduce the risk of developing such dangerous complications. In the treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst to prevent recurrence and especially in protection of endocrine function of pancreas internal drainage is found to be more beneficial when compared to other modalities. This case demonstrates the successful use of Roux en Y cystojejunostomy to surgically drain a giant pancreatic pseudocyst at an unusual location.
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P., Rubina M., Riyas Basheer K. B., Mohammed Safeer T. K., Soumya V., Murshid Ali K. T., and Chandana Ramchandran C. "A comparative study on hematological parameters among the social and problem drinkers admitted in a tertiary care rehabilitation centre." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 2981. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193381.
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Background: Alcoholism is a broad form for problems with alcohol and is generally used to mean compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, usually to the determinant of drinker’s health, personal relationships and social standing. It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive illness. Alcohol has numerous adverse effects on the various types of blood cells and their functions. This study aimed to evaluate the hematological changes in alcoholic patients admitted in tertiary care hospital.Methods: The blood samples were collected from alcoholics admitted in a psychiatric and rehabilitation centre and the samples were processed in hematology laboratory in a tertiary care hospital. The hematological parameters (CBC) except ESR, were performed by using fully automated blood cell counters. The change in alcoholics was studied under two categories-social drinkers and problem drinkers. The results of these parameters were compared with age and sex matched normal population.Results: Total 200 cases included in which 110 were abstainers and 90 were alcoholics. Among alcoholics 67% were problem drinkers and 33% were social drinkers. The mean values of Hb, RBC and MCV in social drinkers were 11.1 g/dl, 3.1 million cells /μl and 100.5 fl, in problem drinkers were 9.8 g/dl, 2.89 million cells /μl and 105.5 fl, and in control population were 14.8 g/dl, 4.8 million cells / μl and 93 fl respectively.Conclusions: The study shown that parameters were changed in both social drinkers and problem drinkers. But predominant changes were observed in problem drinkers. The presence of elevated MCV and decreased RBC and Hb are suggestive of megaloblastic changes.
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Pereira, Priscilla Perez da Silva, Fabiana Araújo Figueiredo Da Mata, Ana Claudia Morais Godoy Figueiredo, Roberta Borges Silva, and Maurício Gomes Pereira. "Maternal Exposure to Alcohol and Low Birthweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 41, no. 05 (May 2019): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688905.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal exposure to alcohol and low birthweight (LBW). Methods The literature search was performed in January 2017 using the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL, Proquest, and PsychInfo. The search strategy used the following terms: alcohol drinking, binge drinking, alcohol-related disorders, alcoholism, alcohol addiction/use/abuse/consumption, light/moderate/social/low drinking, low birthweight, case-control studies, retrospective studies, and cohort studies. No restrictions regarding language or publication date were considered. The literature search yielded 2,383 articles, and after screening and eligibility assessment, 39 articles were included in the systematic review, and 38 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results Maternal alcohol consumption was associated with LBW among retrospective cohort studies (relative risk [RR] = 1.37; 95%CI [confidence interval]:1.10–1.77; I2 = 98.4%; p < 0.01). Prospective cohort studies (RR = 1.11; 95%CI: 0.98–1.25; I2 = 81.5%; p < 0.01), and case-control studies (odds ration [OR] = 1.16; 95%CI: 0.68–1.97; I2 = 61.2%; p = 0.05) showed no association between alcohol and LBW. No publication bias was identified, and the meta-regression showed that the sample size influenced the high heterogeneity among retrospective cohort studies. The subgroup analysis showed differences in association between groups when compared by sample size, type of adjustment, or crude measures and publication year. Conclusions We have not found an association between alcohol consumption during gestation and LBW in the analysis in all of the subgroups. In addition, we have found a high heterogeneity between the primary studies, which is related to methodological differences in the conduction of these studies.
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Shahpesandy, Homayun, and Ad van Heeswijk. "Suicide on the Isle of Wight: A Case-study of 35 Suicides among Mental Health Service Users Between 2006 and 2008." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 29, no. 2 (2012): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700017341.
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AbstractAims: To identify the sociodemographic, clinical and service delivery risk factors for suicide in psychiatric patients in a limited geographic area.Method: A retrospective case study of 35 patients who died as a result of suicide between January 2006 and December 2008.Results: Male gender, unemployment, living alone, basic education and significant life events were identified as sociodemographic factors. A history of previous psychiatric admission, previous suicide attempt, suffering from depression, co-morbidity of another psychiatric disorder (mainly stress-related symptoms and alcoholism), and contacting the services prior to suicide were found as typical clinical factors. Hanging was the most common method of suicide in both men and women. Most men died in spring and summer, while the majority of females died in autumn.Clinical implications: As in similar studies, mental disorders could be identified as the strongest risk factor for suicide. Almost 70% of suicides were conducted by people suffering from a mental disorder. Treating mental disorders and identifying certain sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people suffering from mental disorders and addressing them is the key in suicide prevention strategies.
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Ali Beg, Mirza Masroor, Amit Kumar Verma, Mohd Saleem, Fayez Saud Alreshidi, Fahaad Alenazi, Hafiz Ahmad, and Prakash C. Joshi. "Role and Significance of Circulating Biomarkers: miRNA and E2F1 mRNA Expression and Their Association with Type-2 Diabetic Complications." International Journal of Endocrinology 2020 (August 20, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6279168.
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Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as an epidemic affecting more than four hundred million people throughout the world. It is a multifactorial disease with range of environmental and genetic factors responsible for its prevalence. In search of novel biomarkers for recording progress of various metabolic diseases, small noncoding RNA in general and microRNAs (miRNAs) in particular have emerged as the most promising biomarkers for diagnosing variety of diseases including diabetes. An increasing number of studies have been published, reporting the quantification of miRNAs in blood of subjects with diabetes and mostly aimed at identifying miRNA modulation in chronic diabetic complications. Due to its association with immune system homeostasis and potential capability to predict diabetes development, the profile of circulating miRNAs may also provide useful information about diabetes pathogenic mechanisms. Thus, the present study aimed to understand the role and expression of microRNA330 and E2F1 mRNA expression in patients with T2DM. Methodology. The present study includes a total of 200 individuals: 100 “individuals with T2DM referred to as “cases” and 100 healthy individuals referred to as “controls”. Extracted RNA was used to synthesise the cDNA for microRNA-330 and E2F1 mRNA expression. Taqman assay method has been used to analyse the microRNA-330 expression in the cases and controls and SYBR green dye was used to study the E2F1 mRNA expression. Results. Statistically significant difference was observed in all the selected 5 biochemical parameters among T2DM cases and healthy controls. Risk factors like hypertension were observed to be significantly associated with reduced HDL (p=0.01), increased TG (p=0.0008), and cholesterol (p<0.0001) in hypertensive T2DM cases as compared to nonhypertensive T2DM cases. Obese patients showed significant increase in TG (p=0.01) and cholesterol (p<0.0001) as compared to nonobese patients. Similarly, increased TG (p=0.001) and cholesterol (p<0.0001) was observed in the case of alcoholic patients as compared to nonalcoholic patients. Also, patients with smoking habit showed increased TG (p=0.009p = 0.009), cholesterol (p<0.0001), and VLDL (p=0.01) as compared to nonsmokers and differences among them was found to be statistically significant. Besides this, significant impact of risk factors like hypertension, obesity, alcoholism, and smoking were observed on microRNA-330 expression and E2F1 mRNA expression. A 7.72-fold increased microRNA-330 and 0.05-fold decreased E2F1 mRNA expression was observed among T2DM cases as compared to healthy controls. Increased expression of microRNA-330 was observed in hypertensive cases (9.61-fold, p<0.0001), obese cases (9.33-fold, p=0.0008, alcoholic cases (9.07-fold, p<0.0001), and smoking cases (8.41-fold, p=0.01) as compared to nonhypertensive, nonobese nonalcoholic, and nonsmoking cases, and differences among them were found to be significant. Decreased expression of E2F1 mRNA expression was observed in patients with alcoholism (0.03-fold, p=0.002) and smoking (0.03fold, p<0.0001) while patients who were nonalcoholic and nonsmokers showed 0.07-fold increase in expression, and differences among them were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion. The present study demonstrated that increased level of microRNA-330 and decreased level of E2F1 mRNA expression were found to be associated with pathogenesis of T2DM patients. Risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, alcoholism, and smoking may be were found to be associated with microRNA-330 and E2F1 mRNA expressions, and it can prove a reliable biomarker for T2DM disease progression could be linked to chronic diabetic complications.
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Pereira, Regina F. R., Carla B. Vidal, Ari C. A. de Lima, Diego Q. Melo, Allan N. S. Dantas, Gisele S. Lopes, Ronaldo F. do Nascimento, Clerton L. Gomes, and Maria Nataniela da Silva. "Chemometric Characterization of Alembic and Industrial Sugar Cane Spirits from Cape Verde and Ceará, Brazil." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/840528.
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Sugar cane spirits are some of the most popular alcoholic beverages consumed in Cape Verde. The sugar cane spirit industry in Cape Verde is based mainly on archaic practices that operate without supervision and without efficient control of the production process. The objective of this work was to evaluate samples of industrial and alembic sugar cane spirits from Cape Verde and Ceará, Brazil using principal component analysis. Thirty-two samples of spirits were analyzed, twenty from regions of the islands of Cape Verde and twelve from Ceará, Brazil. Of the samples obtained from Ceará, Brazil seven are alembic and five are industrial spirits. The components analyzed in these studies included the following: volatile organic compounds (n-propanol, isobutanol, isoamylic, higher alcohols, alcoholic grade, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetate); copper; and sulfates.
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Erwin, Beth L., and Rachel M. Slaton. "Varenicline in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 48, no. 11 (August 5, 2014): 1445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028014545806.
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Objective: To summarize the efficacy and safety data for the use of varenicline in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Cochrane Library (through May 2014). Key search terms included varenicline, alcohol, alcohol dependence, alcoholism, ethanol, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Additional references were identified from literature citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Results were limited to clinical trials and case reports that discussed either the use of varenicline in alcohol drinking patients or adverse effects experienced with its use. Only English language studies in humans were reviewed. Data Synthesis: In all, 7 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials and 1 open-label study were identified that evaluated the impact of varenicline on various drinking-related end points. The studies were conducted in patients dependent on alcohol (n = 4), non-alcohol-dependent patients (n = 3), and patients with a history of alcohol dependence but who had been abstinent for at least 6 months (n = 1). The majority of the studies classified their participants as heavy drinkers; however, this definition varied across studies. Most studies included smokers, but 2 trials included both smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusions: Evidence supports the use of varenicline for the reduction of alcohol craving as well as for the reduction of overall alcohol consumption in patients with alcohol use disorders. However, it is not likely to improve abstinence rates. Although most of the data were derived from patients with concurrent nicotine dependence, the effects of varenicline appear to occur independent of baseline smoking status.
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Siroliya, Anshul, Mahendra Damor, and M. C. Songra. "Clinicopathological study on presentation, diagnosis and management of liver abscess in Bhopal region." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 8 (July 24, 2017): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173391.
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Background: This prospective observational study is carried out to study cases of liver abscess and to determine demographic profile, spectrum of clinical presentations, aetiology, laboratory investigations. The objective of the study was to evaluate efficacy of Ultrasonographic (radiological) studies in determining the aetiology and in differentiating from other liver pathologies which may change the treatment outcome, bacteriological and serological characteristics, to study the influence of alcohol, diabetics and immunocompromised diseases (esp. HIV) leading to increased incidence of liver abscess and to evaluate efficacy, recurrence rate, complications, morbidity and mortality, duration of hospital stay associated with different management Strategies.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in Department of Surgery, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal and Associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal between July 2015 to October 2016.Results: Amoebic abscess (74%) is more common than pyogenic abscess (26%). Amoebic abscess is common in the age group of 31-50 years (73%), pyogenic in the age group of 51-70 years (73.1%). Male preponderance is found in case of amoebic liver abscess (90.5%). Right lobe involvement in common. Right upper quadrant pain, tenderness and fever are the most common clinical features. Alcoholism is most common risk factor (71.6%) and diabetes mellitus has strong association with pyogenic liver abscess (15.4%). E coli (19.2%) and klebsiella (11.5%) are the most common organisms cultured. Medical therapy is more useful in case of amoebic liver abscess (58.1%) while catheter drainage is more useful in case of pyogenic liver abscess (61.5%). Pleuropulmonary complications are much more common and complications rate is more common among pyogenic group.Conclusions: In our study, alcohol was found to be the most common predisposing factor for liver abscesses (68%), this underpin the finding of other studies. Amoebic liver abscess is a medically treated common infection prevailing in unhygienic condition, affecting people mostly between 30-40 years of age whereas pyogenic liver abscess patient commonly falls between 50-70 years age group. Both liver abscesses show a male preponderance. The present study also corroborates the catheter drainage procedure as a superior modality in treating pyogenic liver abscess.
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Ruiz, Jorge K., Giorgio V. Rossi, Humberto A. Vallejos, Rosemarie W. Brenet, Isabel B. Lopez, and Alfonso A. Escribano. "Fulminant Hepatic Failure Associated with Propylthiouracil." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 2 (February 2003): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002800303700213.
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OBJECTIVE: To report 2 fatal cases of fulminant hepatic failure associated with propylthiouracil treatment against hyperthyroidism. CASE SUMMARY: Two women, 30 and 32 years old with no previous liver disease, were treated with propylthiouracil against Graves' disease. Both patients developed jaundice after a 4- and 5-month treatment period, respectively. The disease was similar to viral hepatitis, with a progressive course to severe liver dysfunction and death, along with multisystem organ failure despite extensive therapeutic measures. One of the patients was pregnant and subsequently miscarried. Neither patient had a history of alcoholism, drug abuse, blood transfusion, or exposure to hepatitis A, B, or C. Extrahepatic obstruction was ruled out with an abdominal ultrasonogram. Serologic studies and immunologic tests were negative. A submassive necrosis was shown in a postmortem histologic study. DISCUSSION: Naranjo probability scale criteria applied to both cases confirm the adverse reactions as probable. These cases fit the requirements of drug hepatotoxicity proposed by Hanson and the Council of the International Organization of Medical Sciences. Eight deaths associated to propylthiouracil were found in our review of the medical literature up to December 2000. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the widespread use of propylthiouracil, fulminant hepatitis with death is exceptionally rare; these 2 cases could be added to the fatal outcomes published to date.
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Guerrero Jiménez, M., C. M. Carrillo de Albornoz Calahorro, A. Porras Segovia, and J. A. Cervilla Ballesteros. "Alcohol consumption in 2049 patients with paranoia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1020.
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IntroductionEpidemiological studies have reported associations between alcohol consumption or abuse and occurrence of delusional disorder (F.22) rather than in general population. Alcohol has not been described as the main cause of the delusional idea, but is an enhancer factor which would inhibit behavioral brake and executive function in prefrontal cortex facilitating the development of the existing delusional idea.HypothesisWe want to confirm this association in our influence area so this study aims to report compared frequency of alcoholism in DD versus a control group published in andalusian population.AimsTo review the literature on the potential links between alcohol abuse and delusional disorder and this relationship in general population.ResultsThis poster presents a brief but updated systematic literature review on the associations between DD and alcohol abuse. We will also present data from a relatively large case-mix of 2049 patients with the diagnosis of delusional disorder resulting from a thorough retrospective, medical-record based, assessment of patients attended in our clinical catchment area.In our sample, alcohol abuse and other drugs consumption was significantly less common in Delusional Disorder than in other psychoses.This result suggests that alcohol and other drugs consumption can be a greater importance parameter in other psychoses correlates than in delusional disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Silva, J., J. Mota, and P. Azevedo. "Chronic psychiatric changes in a severe post-traumatic brain injury patient." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1085.
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IntroductionSevere traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuropsychiatric disturbances. Emotional and personality disturbances seem to cause much more seriously handicap than residual cognitive or physical disabilities. The prognosis may be poor associated with marked social impairment, so a multidisciplinary approach team is required in order to improve patient's quality of life and reintegration in family and society.ObjectivesTo summarize the latest literature about this field and to present a case report.AimTo explore and learn more about chronic psychiatric changes in severe post-traumatic brain injury and share with the scientific community how challenging the approach of this entity can be.MethodsA brief review of the latest literature was performed, using PubMed and the keywords “traumatic brain injury” and “psychiatric changes”. A case report is presented.ResultsAlthough SSRI, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are commonly used, new options are reported such as methylphenidate and cholinesterase inhibitors. The presented patient, a 27-year-old male, began with neuropsychiatric disturbances after a work-related fall from 9 meters high: convulsions and alcohol compulsive drinking. Three years have passed and his changes are still difficult to approach. Besides other medication, such as benzodiazepines and mood stabilizers, flufenazine injections and naltrexone seemed to be determinant in his behaviour and mood stabilization. He is also on a long-term alcoholism programme.ConclusionsAlthough the understanding of TBI-associated neuropsychiatric disorders has improved in the last decade, further research is needed, such as randomized-controlled studies to study new pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Rihmer, Z., K. Szántó, S. Kalmár, H. Hendin, and J. Mann. "Core Symposium: Suicide Across Europe. A GP-based Suicide Prevention Program in Hungary." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70298-6.
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Suicide, particularly in the case of current major depression, is quite common among patients who contact their GPs some weeks or months before their death. However, prior studies have shown that GP’s education, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders, can reduce suicide mortality in the given area served by trained GPs. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a depression-management educational program for GPs in a region with a very high suicide rate (over 50 per 100.000) in Hungary. Twenty-eight GPs and their lead nurses, servicing 73,000 inhabitants in the region of Kiskunhalas, participated the 5-year educational program together with estabilishment of a Depression Outpatient Clinic and psychiatrist telephone consultation service. The annual suicide rate in the Kiskunhalas region decreased from 59.7/100.000 (5-year preintervention average) to 49.9/100.000. This decrease was significantly greater than both the county and whole Hungary (p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). However, the increase of antidepressant prescription was greater in the intervention region compared with both the county and whole Hungary and in women compared with men (p=0.02). There was no change in alcohol-related deaths or rate of unemployment in the intervention region during the whole study period (1996-2000 vs 2001 and 2005). The findings support earlier studies showing that continuous GP education on diagnosis and treatment of depression is an effective method of suicide prevention. The high importance of alcoholism in local suicides was unanticipated and not addressed, suggesting that optimal suicide prevention plans must also consider major local risk factors.
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Singh, Ariana, Kamran Ahmed, Abdullatif Aydin, Muhammad Shamim Khan, and Prokar Dasgupta. "Fournier’s gangrene. A clinical review." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 88, no. 3 (October 5, 2016): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2016.3.157.
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Introduction and Hypothesis: Fournier’s gangrene is a rare, necrotising fasciitis of the external genitalia, perineal or perianal regions. The disease has a higher incidence in males and risk factors for development include diabetes, HIV, alcoholism and other immune-compromised states. The aggressive disease process is associated with a high mortality rate of 20-30%. In addition, the increasing age and prevalence of diabetes in the population, begs the need for increased clinical awareness of Fournier’s gangrene with emphasis on early diagnosis and management. This review aims to highlight the relevant research surrounding Fournier’s gangrene, in particular the various prognostic indicators and management strategies. Methods: A search was conducted on the MEDLINE database for all applicable research; clinical reviews, retrospective studies and case reports. In addition to which a search of the European Association of Urology, the British Association for Urological Surgeons and the British Medical Journal was conducted for the most recent recommendations. Results: Immediate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and urgent surgical debridement are the core managerial principles of Fournier’s gangrene. The use of adjunctive therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen and vacuum assisted closure are supported in some aspects of the literature and disputed in others. The lack of randomized controlled studies limits the use of these potential additional therapies to patients unresponsive to conventional management. The value of unprocessed honey as a topical antimicrobial agent has been highlighted in the literature for small lesions in uncomplicated patients. Conclusion: Fournier’s gangrene is a urological emergency with a high mortality rate despite advances in the medical and surgical fields. The aggressive nature of the infection advocates the need for early recognition allowing immediate surgical intervention. The opposing results of available research as well as the lack of high quality evidence surrounding emergent therapies prevents their routine use in the management of Fournier’s gangrene. The absence of a specific care pathway may hinder efficient management of Fournier’s gangrene, thus based on current guidelines a management pathway is suggested.
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Pochitaeva, I. P., and A. P. Golubeva. "Social and epidemiological characteristics of alcohol use disorders in the Kostroma region." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 3 (June 15, 2014): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1530.
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Aim. Prediction of primary, general morbidity and mortality of persons with alcohol use disorders, registered at a dispensary in the Kostroma region of Russian Federation. Methods. Statistical data for 24 districts of the Kostroma region, 1999-2012 was analyzed. In addition to graphical method and mapping the least-squares method, ranking, estimation of absolute increase/decrease and the average annual growth/loss rate were used. Information was obtained from the statistical reports of regional addictions dispensary (statistical form number 37), Statistical yearbook of National Research Center of Addictions, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. Results. Structure of patients treated for alcohol disorders in the Kostroma region almost virtually unchanged over the past 10 years, the proportion of persons with chronic alcoholism was 46.5%, drinkers with harmful consequences - 32.4%, alcoholic psychosis - 21.1%. In 2012 the number of primary identified alcohol consumers with harmful impact on the health was 72.8% less compared to the average index for Russian Federation and 27.5% compared to Central Federal District. We have revealed mild, prone to stabilization trend of increase in the incidence of chronic alcoholism and psychosis for 14 years studied, average annual growth rate was 0.64%. Based on the primary incidence of alcoholism and psychosis the top three districts were: Sudislavsky, Susaninsky and Mezhevskoy, indicators in these areas were almost 2-3 times higher than the average regional index. In 2012 in 12 districts of Kostroma region no cases of alcoholic psychosis were registered. The latter fact is in doubt, as in 7 of 12 districts the positions of addiction psychiatrists were vacant. Over the past 3 years only 38% of patients who required to be treated for alcoholism were admitted for hospital care and 16.7% - for ambulatory care. Conclusion. Analysis of epidemiological data on alcohol situation in the Kostroma region testifies to its stabilization with the trend to improve; established territorial features show the necessity of purposeful planning of preventive measures.
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Kapur, S., and A. Pal. "FC03-03 - Opiate receptor alleles and alcohol dependence." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73528-3.
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Alcohol use is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is less understood than other addictive disorders. Humans vary in alcohol responses which could be related to genetic susceptibility for alcoholism. The objective of the present study was to examine the prevalence of OPRM1 polymorphisms in addicts. The opioid receptor mu1 (OPRM1) mediates the action of morphine and is a major determinant of striatal dopamine responses to alcohol. Two polymorphism, C17T and A11G of exon I were screened in subjects with addiction to alcohol and opioids and compared with subjects without a history of any sort of drug addiction using restriction fragment length polymorphism, which was further validated by DNA sequencing. The allelic frequencies between the two groups were compared and the difference was found to be of statistical significant (p < 0.0001), with the 17T allele having a 3.06-fold higher risk of alcohol addiction (risk ratio (RR) = 3.069, 95%CI of RR = 2.0339 to 4.6127, odds ratio (OR) = 3.9554; 95%CI of OR = 2.4175 to6.4718) and 118G allele having a 1.81-fold higher risk of alcohol addiction (risk ratio (RR) = 1.8096, 95%CI of RR = 13459 to 2.433, odds ratio (OR) = 2.2025; 95%CI of OR = 1.479 to 3.2799). Similar differences were observed in the case of opiate addiction, RR = 1.1369 to 2.7647, OR = 1.9367; 95%CI = 1.1625 to 3.2263 and RR = 1.7363, 95%CI of RR = 1.3043 to 2.3112, OR = 2.0725; 1.42 to 3.0248) for 17T and 118G respectively. Further studies to unravel the epigenetic control of expression of these candidate genes are underway.
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Thejaswini Karanth, Someswar Deb, Pranathi R, and Kasthuri P. "An efficient approach on alcohol dependence syndrome." International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology 8, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrpp.v8i3.1391.
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Alcohol consumption results in multiple end-organ damages. Predominantly the nervous system is affected in the form of Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff psychosis, cerebellar ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. Neuropathy due to alcohol consumption depends on the period and extent of total lifetime of alcohol consumption. Cultural and racial factors also play a role in the development of alcohol neuropathy. Alcohol consumption results in multiple end-organ damages. Alcoholic neuropathy is the most common harmful effects of excessive alcohol intake. The incidence of alcoholic neuropathy in the standard population is not accurate as the percentage varies extensively contingent on the description of chronic alcoholism and the criteria used to detect and classify neuropathy. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), studies involving clinical and electrodiagnostic tests prove that neuropathy is present in 25-66%. Alcoholic neuropathy depends on the extent and extent of total lifetime of alcohol consumption. Cultural and racial factors also play a role in resulting in alcohol neuropathy. Few studies suggest that the incidence of peripheral neuropathy is higher in alcoholic patients who have a family history of alcohol dependence syndrome. This is study finds the Common peroneal and sural nerves are the most common nerves to be involved in neuropathy. Predominantly axonal degeneration is the main pathology. Units of alcohol and CAGE criteria score has a 100% specificity in detecting patients prone to neuropathy.
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McClure, Paul K. "Recovering Theism: Three Biographical Case Studies in Alcoholics Anonymous." Implicit Religion 22, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/imre.37830.
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Corazzini, John G., Karen Williams, and Sandra Harris. "Group therapy for adult children of alcoholics: Case studies." Journal for Specialists in Group Work 12, no. 4 (November 1987): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01933928708411766.
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Shulman, Ernest. "Edgar Allan Poe: Drawing the Line between Self-Destructive Life Style and Actual Suicide." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 34, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 29–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3c77-7240-wndc-bbke.
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Edgar Allan Poe, an alcoholic from age seventeen onward, died at age forty. Besides his alcoholism, he was self-destructive in various other ways. He was constantly in debt, lived often in abject poverty, could not hold a job, feuded with the literary establishment and most other writers, lied and plagiarized, and usually changed residences at least once a year. Nevertheless, his ability to win the love and devotion of many women, especially his wife and mother-in-law, provided the basis of his great achievements as writer, magazine editor, and literary critic, and his total commitment to American literature. Poe's history of bereavement, beginning with his mother's death when he was three, and his longing to join loved ones in the next world, help to support an interpretation of his death as neither disguised suicide nor an accident, but as death with a suicidal element.
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Mills, Chmaika P. "A-63 Non-Alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in a Bariatric Surgery Patient." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.81.
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Abstract Objective Wernicke-Korsakoff’s Syndrome (WKS), caused by thiamine deficiency and characterized by altered mental status, amnestic memory loss, confabulation, and lack of awareness, has a global prevalence rate up to 3% and is most commonly observed in alcoholics. Cases of non-alcoholic WKS are exceptionally rare and often go undiagnosed until after the critical treatment period, resulting in permanent brain damage. Despite the paucity of research in this group, there is some evidence that there may be differences in demographic factors, neuroanatomic changes, and cognitive functioning between alcoholic and non-alcoholic WKS patients. Thus, case studies are necessary to understand how non-alcoholic WKS may present and determine whether regular testing in individuals diagnosed with disorders or undergoing medical interventions that can cause thiamine deficiency should be encouraged. Methods Patient is a 65-year-old African American woman with a history of hypothyroidism, obesity, and sleep apnea. She complained of gastrointestinal problems one-month into a pre-bariatric surgery diet. Subsequent medical workups were negative, but she was hospitalized 2–3 months post-symptom onset for thiamine deficiency. Acute neuroimaging was reportedly negative. Results Results from a neuropsychological evaluation indicated temporal disorientation, delusions, and hallucinations. Psychometric testing revealed severe impairments in learning and memory. Some variability was noted in other cognitive domains, but attention, processing speed, executive functioning, language, and visuospatial and motor skills were generally intact. Symptoms of minimal depression and moderate anxiety were endorsed. Conclusion Thiamine deficiency is easily treatable, but different presentations between alcoholic and non-alcoholic cases may complicate diagnosis, delay treatment, and result in WKS. Increased awareness of these differences can inform clinical recommendations.
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Kuchkovsky, O. M. "МЕТАБОЛІЗМ МЕТАЛІВ У ГІПОКАМПІ ТА РОЛЬ ЦИНКУ В ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ ЕПІЛЕПТИФОРМНИХ СУДОМ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 2 (May 22, 2016): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201633.
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<p>Physiological mechanisms of convulsions status during epilepsy or episindrom significantly different from the mechanisms, which were describe for other disorders associated with glutamatergic system, such as schizophrenia (a decrease of glutamate in neurons and increased dopaminergic load), drug addiction and alcoholism (the formation of endogenous opioids and dopamine, strengthening the role of GABA-ergic system).</p><p>With glutamatergic transmission are сconnect not only convulsive state, but also the realization of higher integrative functions. Therefore, the development of epilepsy, particularly which caused glutamate, implemented by activating Zn-ergic hippocampal neurons, associate with complex changes in human mental functions. Based on a scientific literature about of the role of chelating zinc in the mechanisms of glutamatergic transmission, we can suggest it participation in the mechanisms of formation of epilepsy convulsions.</p><p>In experience on animals, was show that in the animal organism of stressing correlative changes observe zinc content and secretory material in the hippocampus, Paneth cells and B cells of pancreas. The nature of the changes depend on the stressor. When this change of zinc content in the hippocampus and hypothalamus (as the main regulator of stress reaction) were multidirectional that this can be explained by the release of metal together with secretory material in the hypothalamus into the bloodstream. Research epileptic activity of hippocampus by administering to the animal chelate 8 BSQ allowed to establish the dependence between convulsant action and first stress condition of the animal. Evocation of stress by 8-BSQ and physical activity, immobilization and alcohol abuse found that the convulsive effect of this reagent during intravitreal research increased in the case of prior exposure by specified kinds of stressors. In this pre-convulsive effect on exertion increased by 266% and the zinc content was increased by 75%; in the case of pre-immobilization duration of seizures increased by 206% and the zinc content - 50%; in the case of pre-alcoholization duration of seizures increased by 234%, and a chelating zinc content - 75%. These results suggest a chelating zinc epileptiform participate in the mechanisms of seizures and, possibly, the development of mechanisms of temporal lobe epilepsy (hippocampal). The results of studies of zinc changes in central and peripheral organs of zinc-containing simulated at different functional states allow us to make the assumption that there is a common mechanism for coordination of functional activity as the hippocampus and other zinc-containing bodies with the help of changes in the chelating zinc metabolism, regulation is carried out by means of the hippocampus.</p>
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Banerjee, Indrajeet, Debasree Bora, and Sonia P. Deuri. "Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support in Wives of Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome." Indian Journal of Psychiatric Social Work 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29120/ijpsw.2017.v8.i1.12.
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Background: In India alcohol is the most commonly used substance of abuse. The effect of alcoholism in husbandsmostly leads to disturbances in marital life.These effects may directly or indirectly drain out caregivers of substanceabusers. One of the most affected among caregivers is the marital partners. In other words it is the wives of substanceabusing husband who are the victims. Coping mechanisms are used by the wives to handle the stressful situation hasa vital role in reducing psychological difficulties. In case of wives with alcohol dependent husbands, the socialsupport is a buffer for crisis periods. Aim of the study: The study is aimed to enquire the coping strategies andperceived social support of the wives of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome. Material and methods: A total30 wives of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome according to ICD-10 were taken as the sample usingpurposive sample collection. Socio-demographic profile was assessed through semi-structured questionnaire whilecoping strategies was assessed through Ways of Coping Scale (1986) and the Multidimensional Scale of PerceivedSocial Support (1988) was applied to assess the perceived social support after taking their informed consent. Dataanalysis was done using SPSS for descriptive statistics. Results: The result shows that varied types of coping strategieswere used by wives of persons with alcohol dependence. In contrast the previous studies suggest use of emotionalfocused or escape avoidance coping. This study suggests that adaptive copings such as positive reappraisal, seekingsocial support and problem solving were used in comparison to escape avoidance. In contrast to previous studiesperceived social support was found to be high in this study group. Conclusion: It is well known fact that copingstrategies plays a major role in dealing with stressful life situations and perceived social support also have positiveimpact over health. Finding from this study suggests that any psychosocial intervention designed for this group mustconsider these facts and findings. Eventually these findings from the study can be used to help in enhancing thewellbeing of wives of alcohol dependents.Keywords: Alcohol dependence, coping strategies, perceived social support
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Etminan, Mahyar, James Brophy, Abraham Hartzema, Joseph Delaney, and Steven Bird. "5-alpha reductase inhibitors and risk of male breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e16013-e16013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e16013.
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e16013 Background: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARIs), finasteride and dutasteride, are one of the most popular classes of medications used by older men. The drugs are mainly used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There have been 50 cases of breast cancer potentially linked to both finasteride and dutasteride reported to the FDA. However, to date, no epidemiologic study has examined this potential link. Methods: We used the LifeLink database (IMS, USA) as the main source of data for this study. The database captures information on approximately 70 million US residents who are enrolled in a private healthcare plan. The database captures information on prescription drugs, hospitalizations, physician visits and demographics. Breast cancer cases were defined as those with a diagnosis (ICD-9-CM 175.X) on two days and either a procedural code (CPT-4) for a mastectomy or a lumpectomy/partial mastectomy with evidence of follow-up treatment (radiation/chemotherapy). The index date was deemed the first diagnostic or procedural code for breast cancer. This definition has been found to have a 93% positive predictive value for incident breast cancer. For each case, twenty controls were selected from the database using risk set sampling and matched on age within 5 years, date of diagnosis within six weeks and follow up time prior to the index date. We used logistic regression to compute adjusted rate ratios. The model was adjusted for the following covariates: age, calendar year, alcoholism, gynecomastia, Klinefelter’s disease, liver damage, obesity, oral estrogen, orchiectomy, and prior radiation. Results: There were 429 male breast cancer cases and matched them to 13,240 controls. 341 (79.5%) met our primary ascertainment, while 88 (20.5%) additional cases met our secondary criteria. We found no increased risk with male breast cancer and use of 1 year (RR=0.70, [95% CI0.34-1.45]) or 3 years of 5-ARIs therapy (RR=0.71, [95% CI:0.25-1.98]). Conclusions: We found no harmful association between sue of 5-ARIs and risk of male breast cancer. Future studies are needed to refute or confirm these findings.
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Moore-Pardo, Shylah M., Johonna Asquith, Sadaf Aslam, Cynthia Mayer, John Greene, and Sally Alrabaa. "1354. Nocardia bejingensis: A Novel Isolate Affecting Immunocompromised Patients in the United States." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1218.
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Abstract Background Nocardia species can cause localized or disseminated disease in humans. Infection results from direct inoculation or inhalation. In recent years, several new species have been identified via molecular methods. Further speciation is crucial as each organism has its own spectrum of disease and unique antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Immunosuppression, alcoholism, and certain lung diseases are well-established risk factors for nocardiosis. In fact, cases have incremented in association with increasing population of immunocompromised hosts as well as improved methods for detection and identification. Thus, Nocardia species may be considered opportunistic pathogens. Nocardia bejingensis was first isolated in 2001 by Wang et al from sewage soil in China. The first human infections were reported in Asia. Subsequently, cases were reported in Europe and a few cases have been described in the United States but it has been infrequently cited in the literature. Thus, not much is known about its spectrum of disease. Methods The primary objective of this study was to determine the risk factors and clinical manifestations of Nocardia bejingensis infection via retrospective chart review of 6 cases identified in Tampa General Hospital and Moffitt Cancer Center within a 5-year period. We aimed to evaluate the treatment used and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates. Results All patients were immunocompromised (1/3 HIV/AIDS, 1/3 hematologic malignancy, 1/3 solid-organ transplant). Most were male (67%) and mean age of 48. The majority had lung involvement (67%). Thecal sac infection and femur osteomyelitis (OM) were atypical manifestations. Localized disease predominated. Combination therapy was preferred. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), Ceftriaxone, and carbapenems were mostly used. All isolates were susceptible to TMP-SMX. See Table 1. Conclusion This case series depicts clinical features, risk factors, and epidemiology of Nocardia bejingensis infections. Our observations suggest that it is a novel pathogen in the United States, affecting mainly immunocompromised hosts. Early detection, appropriate antibiotics, and surgery were keys in successful management. However, further studies are needed to further elucidate its pathogenesis. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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McNulty, Yvonne. "Till stress do us part: the causes and consequences of expatriate divorce." Journal of Global Mobility 3, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 106–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-06-2014-0023.
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Purpose – International relocation is undoubtedly a source of stress for families, and in particular for married couples. Yet, despite familial challenges and the fact that “family concerns” remain a top reason for assignment refusal and assignment failure, including a growing body of anecdotal evidence suggesting that many expatriate marriages fail often at huge cost to organizations, there is not one academic study yet published on expatriate divorce. The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the causes and consequences of expatriate divorce. Design/methodology/approach – In this exploratory case-based study, the author uses respondent data from 13 face-to-face interviews and 25 online survey participants. Findings – Findings demonstrate that expatriate marriages end in divorce for two main reasons: first, a core issue in the marriage that exists before going abroad (e.g. alcoholism, mental health problems) and which continues while abroad; and second, when one or both spouses is negatively influenced by an expatriate culture to such an extent that a form of “group think” results in polarizing behavior that is counter to how they might behave “back home” (e.g. infidelity, sexual misconduct). The consequences of divorce for expatriates are immense and include bankruptcy, destitution, homelessness, depression, psychophysiological illness, alienation from children, and suicide. Research limitations/implications – Data are cross-sectional and findings are limited by single-response bias. Future studies would do well to research matched samples of couples engaging in global work experiences over different points in time in order to track longitudinal changes in marital quality, including why some go on to divorce while others recover from marital breakdown and stay married. Practical implications – One of the strongest pieces of advice offered by most of the respondents is for spouses, and trailing spouses in particular, to know their legal rights and entitlements in each country where they are living in the event of divorce. Originality/value – This is the first study to empirically explore the lived experience of expatriate divorce.
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Nikumbh, Sunita, Abhishek Kukde, Manoj Patel, Bhavik Parekh, Anoop Nigwekar, Renu Mittal, and Kumar Dhawale. "Demographic and Clinical Profile of Psychiatry Patients of Rural Homoeopathic Hospital, Palghar, Maharashtra, India, from 2014 to 2018." Homœopathic Links 34, no. 02 (June 2021): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731701.
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Abstract Background Rural Homoeopathic Hospital has been serving the community in and around Palghar for the past 20 years. Through a Central Government Scheme of Centre of Excellence, it received funds for setting up an inpatient psychiatric unit in 2012 whereby it could serve the wider community by admitting the patients with mental illness in a secure ward. This is the first part of two papers which deals with demographic analysis of the patients admitted in the psychiatry ward between 2014 and 2018. Objectives The case records were studied with a view to determine the demographic features, the clinical diagnosis and the duration of stay. Methodology All case records were studied as per a predetermined format to establish the demographic features, the clinical diagnosis and the duration of stay in the ward. Results Out of 1,015 patients seen, 35% were having alcohol withdrawal, 12.7% were having conversion, 9.8% were having suicidal attempt and 9.7% were suffering from anxiety. The duration of stay in the hospital was noticeably shorter than what has been reported from the allopathic admissions. Conclusion Alcoholism followed by conversion disorders, suicidal attempts and anxiety-panic conditions was the most common psychiatric condition with which patients were admitted. Males were predominating mainly due to their alcoholic condition. The duration of stay was reasonably short. The reasons for this would need further exploration.
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Jaligidad, Kadappa, Ajinkya Dilip Auti, and Appu Patil. "Effect of Alcohol Dependence on QTc Interval - A Case Control Study." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 20 (May 17, 2021): 1521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/288.
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BACKGROUND Deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system like alcoholic cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure has been seen in those who are having chronic or heavy alcohol consumption. Majority of the clinical studies were based on selected group of patients like severe heart failure, as compared to that, the study among asymptomatic alcoholics were not well studied. Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption leads to adverse effects like arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and life-threatening re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias which can be predicted by studying QTc interval. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of alcohol dependence on QTc interval. METHODS This is a Hospital based case control study conducted among patients admitted in SNMC & HSK hospital with diagnosis as Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) according to International classification of diseases (ICD) 10 criteria from October 2020 to December 2020. 30 alcohol dependence cases and 30 age matched controls above 18 years of age were selected. The ECG was recorded in lying down and resting position. The ECG results were analysed for QTc interval. Sample size estimation was done using open epi Software version 2.3.1. RESULTS Among the 30 cases, 53.3 % had prolonged QTc interval. Out of these, 11 were in the age group of 18 - 35 years, 17 were in 36 - 55 years while 2 were in the age group > 55 years while in 30 controls only 1 had prolonged QTc in the age group of 36 - 55 years. CONCLUSIONS A prolonged QTc interval was observed in 16 out of 30 cases which provides the evidence, that prolonged QTc interval was significant in alcohol dependence patients. Hence, early detection of ECG changes like prolonged QTc interval will help in preventing the adverse cardiovascular events and comorbidities associated with it. KEYWORDS QTc Interval, ECG, Alcohol Dependence