Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aldehydes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Aldehydes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Aldehydes"

1

Dator, Romel P., Morwena J. Solivio, Peter W. Villalta, and Silvia Balbo. "Bioanalytical and Mass Spectrometric Methods for Aldehyde Profiling in Biological Fluids." Toxics 7, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7020032.

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Human exposure to aldehydes is implicated in multiple diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases), and cancer. Because these compounds are strong electrophiles, they can react with nucleophilic sites in DNA and proteins to form reversible and irreversible modifications. These modifications, if not eliminated or repaired, can lead to alteration in cellular homeostasis, cell death and ultimately contribute to disease pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the methods and applications of aldehyde exposure measurements, with a particular focus on bioanalytical and mass spectrometric techniques, including recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling methods for identifying potential biomarkers of aldehyde exposure. We discuss the various derivatization reagents used to capture small polar aldehydes and methods to quantify these compounds in biological matrices. In addition, we present emerging mass spectrometry-based methods, which use high-resolution accurate mass (HR/AM) analysis for characterizing carbonyl compounds and their potential applications in molecular epidemiology studies. With the availability of diverse bioanalytical methods presented here including simple and rapid techniques allowing remote monitoring of aldehydes, real-time imaging of aldehydic load in cells, advances in MS instrumentation, high performance chromatographic separation, and improved bioinformatics tools, the data acquired enable increased sensitivity for identifying specific aldehydes and new biomarkers of aldehyde exposure. Finally, the combination of these techniques with exciting new methods for single cell analysis provides the potential for detection and profiling of aldehydes at a cellular level, opening up the opportunity to minutely dissect their roles and biological consequences in cellular metabolism and diseases pathogenesis.
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Kunjapur, Aditya M., and Kristala L. J. Prather. "Microbial Engineering for Aldehyde Synthesis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 6 (January 9, 2015): 1892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03319-14.

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ABSTRACTAldehydes are a class of chemicals with many industrial uses. Several aldehydes are responsible for flavors and fragrances present in plants, but aldehydes are not known to accumulate in most natural microorganisms. In many cases, microbial production of aldehydes presents an attractive alternative to extraction from plants or chemical synthesis. During the past 2 decades, a variety of aldehyde biosynthetic enzymes have undergone detailed characterization. Although metabolic pathways that result in alcohol synthesis via aldehyde intermediates were long known, only recent investigations in model microbes such asEscherichia colihave succeeded in minimizing the rapid endogenous conversion of aldehydes into their corresponding alcohols. Such efforts have provided a foundation for microbial aldehyde synthesis and broader utilization of aldehydes as intermediates for other synthetically challenging biochemical classes. However, aldehyde toxicity imposes a practical limit on achievable aldehyde titers and remains an issue of academic and commercial interest. In this minireview, we summarize published efforts of microbial engineering for aldehyde synthesis, with an emphasis onde novosynthesis, engineered aldehyde accumulation inE. coli, and the challenge of aldehyde toxicity.
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Hellenthal, Katharina E. M., Laura Brabenec, Eric R. Gross, and Nana-Maria Wagner. "TRP Channels as Sensors of Aldehyde and Oxidative Stress." Biomolecules 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11101401.

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The transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel superfamily comprises more than 50 channels that play crucial roles in physiological processes. TRP channels are responsive to several exogenous and endogenous biomolecules, with aldehydes emerging as a TRP channel trigger contributing to a cellular cascade that can lead to disease pathophysiology. The body is not only exposed to exogenous aldehydes via tobacco products or alcoholic beverages, but also to endogenous aldehydes triggered by lipid peroxidation. In response to lipid peroxidation from inflammation or organ injury, polyunsaturated fatty acids undergo lipid peroxidation to aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal. Reactive aldehydes activate TRP channels via aldehyde-induced protein adducts, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators driving the pathophysiology caused by cellular injury, including inflammatory pain and organ reperfusion injury. Recent studies have outlined how aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 protects against aldehyde toxicity through the clearance of toxic aldehydes, indicating that targeting the endogenous aldehyde metabolism may represent a novel treatment strategy. An addition approach can involve targeting specific TRP channel regions to limit the triggering of a cellular cascade induced by aldehydes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of aldehydes, TRP channels, and their interactions, as well as their role in pathological conditions and the different therapeutical treatment options.
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Mao, Qingqing, Jieyao Yuan, Lei Wang, Makayla Maher, and Chi Chen. "Novel Urinary Metabolites of Aldehydic Lipid Oxidation Products From Heated Soybean Oil Revealed by Aldehyde Abatement and Metabolomic Fingerprinting." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac053.051.

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Abstract Objectives Heated cooking oils are a constitutive component of contemporary human diets and a common ingredient in animal feed. Aldehydes, as the most reactive lipid oxidation products (LOPs) in heated oils, are widely considered as a contributor to the adverse health effect associated with heated oil consumption. Aldehydes-derived metabolites in biofluids are valuable for monitoring the exposure of the aldehydes from heated oils, but the efforts for their identification were hampered by the high reactivity of aldehydes as well as the chemical complexity caused by the coexistence of other LOPs in heated oils. To address this challenge, this study investigated the aldehydes-derived metabolites through the metabolomic fingerprinting of mouse urine samples from feeding heated oils with and without aldehyde abatement. Methods The heated soybean oil (HSO) was prepared by heating the control soybean oil (CSO) at 185°C for 6 h with constant air flow (50 ml/min). Both HSO and CSO were then mixed with the silica gel with piperazine side chain to remove their aldehyde content, producing the silica gel-treated HSO (HSO-si) and the silica gel-treated CSO (CSO-si), respectively. The urine, serum, fecal samples were collected from the C57BL/6 mice fed with 4 diets containing CSO, CSO-si, HSO, HSO-si, and then analyzed by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic analysis. Results The silica gel treatment dramatically reduced the aldehyde contents in HSO. Novel urinary metabolites formed by the reactions between 2,4-decadienal and lysine were identified through the metabolomic comparison between the HSO samples and the samples from 3 other treatment groups. Conclusions The identification of novel urinary metabolites of aldehydic LOPs warrants further biochemical examination on the chemical and metabolic processes responsible for their formation. These metabolites could become the biomarkers for monitoring the exposure of aldehydes in humans and animals. Funding Sources The research is partially supported by the NIFA project MIN-18–125.
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Nurbekova, Z. "Toxicity of reactive carbonyl compounds to plants." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series 136, no. 3 (2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2021-136-3-86-92.

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In plants, environmental stresses result in oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the generation of reactive carbonyl aldehydes. Reactive carbonyl aldehydes are downstream products of reactive oxygen species which can be described as critical cell-damaging agents in plants under various environmental stresses. In this paper toxicity of reactive carbonyl aldehydes and its generation under stress conditions are discussed. Moreover, involvement of reactive carbonyl aldehydes in stress- induced damage to plants is demonstrated. Toxic effect of reactive aldehydes such as acrolein, malondialdehyde and crotonaldehyde in plants under different stresses and their high electrophilicity is also discussed. Increases in malondialdehyde was demonstrated in UV-C stressed plants as the result of carbonyl modified proteins. A malondialdehyde is one of the widely shown aldehyde, which can be demonstrated as an indicator of reactive oxygen species. Malondialdehyde isomerized to 3-hydroxyacrolein whereas it can be described as a dialdehyde. The article considers detrimental actions of reactive carbonyl aldehydes and their chemical properties as well as detoxification of reactive carbonyl aldehydes by multiple enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenase, aldehyde reductase, aldo-keto reductase and 2-alkenal reductase.
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Nuñez, Alberto, Thomas A. Foglia, and George J. Piazza. "Cofactor recycling in a coupled enzyme oxidation–reduction reaction: conversion of ω‐oxo‐fatty acids into ω‐hydroxy and dicarboxylic acids." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 29, no. 3 (June 1999): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1999.tb00550.x.

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Aldehydes are reduced to alcohols by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), whereas the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (AldDH) oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids. ADH and AldDH require, respectively, the reduced and oxidized forms of the cofactor NAD (NAD+/NADH). By combining both oxidation and reduction reactions into one process, it is possible to produce alcohols and carboxylic acids simultaneously from aldehydes by continuous recycling of the NAD+/NADH cofactor. However, both enzymes need to be active within the same pH region and buffer system. To test this hypothesis, the pH profile (Vmax and Vmax/Km) as well as the pKa of the prototropic groups involved in catalysis for both dehydrogenases were determined using (Z,Z)‐nona‐2,4‐dienal as a model substrate. The pH profile (Vmax and Vmax/Km) of both enzymes overlapped in the pH range of 6–8 in potassium phosphate buffer. When the coupled enzyme system was used at pH 7 with 10% NAD+ cofactor, over 90% of the starting aldehyde was converted to its corresponding acid and alcohol derivatives in a 1:1 ratio. The sequential action of the enzymes lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase converts polyunsaturated fatty acids to aldehydic fatty acids. The products arising from the oxidation or reduction of the aldehydic functionality are of industrial interest. It was found that 13‐oxo‐9‐(Z),11‐(E)‐tridecadienoic acid, the product of the sequential reaction of soya bean lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase from Chlorella pyrenoidosaon linoleic acid, is also a substrate in this coupled enzyme system.
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Mai, Juri, and Sascha Ott. "The Fascinating World of Phosphanylphosphonates: From Acetylenic Phosphaalkenes to Reductive Aldehyde Couplings." Synlett 30, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 1867–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690129.

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This account highlights the versatility of phosphanylphosphonates, which can be used for the preparation of phosphorus-containing π-systems and as reagents for the reductive coupling of carbonyl compounds to alkenes. Phosphanylphosphonates with metal fragments coordinated to the P-lone pair have been known for a long time and they have been used for the synthesis of phosphaalkenes by means of the phospha-Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction. With the original aim of incorporating phosphorus heteroatoms into classical all-carbon ethynylethene scaffolds, we entered the field of phosphanylphosphonates with the discovery that these compounds engage in complex cascade reactions with acetylenic ketones, forming 1,2-oxaphospholes, cumulenes, and bisphospholes. Later, we synthesized the first metal-free phosphanylphosphonate, which reacts with aldehydes to yield phosphaalkenes, but gives phospholones when diacetylenic ketones are used as substrates. In the final part of the account, we outline our discovery and the development of an unprecedented carbonyl–carbonyl cross-coupling reaction. This protocol offers a straightforward method for the synthesis of nonsymmetric 1,2-disubstituted alkenes directly from two dissimilar aldehydes.1 Combining Acetylenes with Phosphaalkenes2 Synthetic Examples of Acetylenic Phosphaalkenes3 The Phospha-Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Approach to Phosphaalkenes3.1 Metal-Coordinated Phosphanylphosphonates3.2 Mechanism of the Phospha-Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Reaction3.3 The First Metal-Free Phosphanylphosphonate and Its Reactivity with Aldehydes4 Reactions with Acetylenic Ketones4.1 Metal-Coordinated Phosphanylphosphonate and Monoacetylenic Ketones4.2 Metal-Coordinated Phosphanylphosphonate and Diacetylenic Ketones4.3 Metal-Free Phosphanylphosphonate and Diacetylenic Ketones5 Metal-Free Phosphanylphosphonate as a Coupling Reagent for Aldehydes6 E-Alkenes by the Reductive Coupling of Two Aldehydes7 Conclusions and Outlook
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Wang, Meng, Felix A. Dingler, and K. J. Patel. "Genotoxic aldehydes in the hematopoietic system." Blood 139, no. 14 (April 7, 2022): 2119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019004316.

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Abstract Reactive aldehydes are potent genotoxins that threaten the integrity of hematopoietic stem cells and blood production. To protect against aldehydes, mammals have evolved a family of enzymes to detoxify aldehydes, and the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway to process aldehyde-induced DNA damage. Loss of either protection mechanisms in humans results in defective hematopoiesis and predisposition to leukemia. This review will focus on the impact of genotoxic aldehydes on hematopoiesis, the sources of endogenous aldehydes, and potential novel protective pathways.
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Gibson, Miles, Benita Claire Percival, Mark Edgar, and Martin Grootveld. "Low-Field Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy for Quantification of Aldehydic Lipid Oxidation Products in Culinary Oils during Shallow Frying Episodes." Foods 12, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061254.

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Introduction: Toxic aldehydic lipid oxidation products (LOPs) arise from the thermo-oxidative deterioration of unsaturated fatty acids present in heated culinary oils when exposed to high-temperature frying episodes, and currently these effects represent a major public health concern. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the applications of low-field (LF), benchtop NMR analysis to detect and quantify toxic aldehyde species in culinary oils following their exposure to laboratory-simulated shallow frying episodes (LSSFEs) at 180 °C. Four culinary oils of variable fatty acid (FA) composition were investigated to determine the analytical capabilities of the LF NMR instrument. Oil samples were also analysed using a medium-field (400 MHz) NMR facility for comparative purposes. Results: Aldehydes were quantified as total saturated and total α,β-unsaturated classes. The time-dependent production of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes decreased in the order chia > rapeseed ≈ soybean > olive oils, as might be expected from their polyunsaturated and monounsaturated FA (PUFA and MUFA, respectively) contents. A similar but inequivalent trend was found for saturated aldehyde concentrations. These data strongly correlated with medium-field 1H NMR data obtained, although LF-determined levels were significantly lower in view of its inability to detect or quantify the more minor oxygenated aldehydic LOPs present. Lower limit of detection (LLOD) values for this spectrometer were 0.19 and 0.18 mmol/mol FA for n-hexanal and trans-2-octenal, respectively. Aldehydic lipid hydroperoxide precursors of aldehydic LOPs were also detectable in LF spectra. Conclusions: We therefore conclude that there is scope for application of these smaller, near-portable NMR facilities for commercial or ‘on-site’ quality control determination of toxic aldehydic LOPs in thermally stressed frying oils.
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Barua, Shawon, Siddharth Iyer, Avinash Kumar, Prasenjit Seal, and Matti Rissanen. "An aldehyde as a rapid source of secondary aerosol precursors: theoretical and experimental study of hexanal autoxidation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 18 (September 25, 2023): 10517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10517-2023.

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Abstract. Aldehydes are common constituents of natural and polluted atmospheres, and their gas-phase oxidation has recently been reported to yield highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) that are key players in the formation of atmospheric aerosol. However, insights into the molecular-level mechanism of this oxidation reaction have been scarce. While OH initiated oxidation of small aldehydes, with two to five carbon atoms, under high-NOx conditions generally leads to fragmentation products, longer-chain aldehydes involving an initial non-aldehydic hydrogen abstraction can be a path to molecular functionalization and growth. In this work, we conduct a joint theoretical–experimental analysis of the autoxidation chain reaction of a common aldehyde, hexanal. We computationally study the initial steps of OH oxidation at the RHF-RCCSD(T)-F12a/VDZ-F12//ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level and show that both aldehydic (on C1) and non-aldehydic (on C4) H-abstraction channels contribute to HOMs via autoxidation. The oxidation products predominantly form through the H abstraction from C1 and C4, followed by fast unimolecular 1,6 H-shifts with rate coefficients of 1.7×10-1 and 8.6×10-1 s−1, respectively. Experimental flow reactor measurements at variable reaction times show that hexanal oxidation products including HOM monomers up to C6H11O7 and accretion products C12H22O9−10 form within 3 s reaction time. Kinetic modeling simulations including atmospherically relevant precursor concentrations agree with the experimental results and the expected timescales. Finally, we estimate the hexanal HOM yields up to seven O atoms with mechanistic details through both C1 and C4 channels.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aldehydes"

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Gayral, Maud. "Novel reactions of aldehydes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442958.

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Giguère-Bisson, Maxime. "Investigation of transition metal-catalyzed oxidative amidation of aldehydes and aldehyde-alkyne-amine coupling reactions." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103659.

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This thesis describes the investigation of various amino acids derivatives as reagents for copper-catalyzed, silver-catalyzed and iron-catalyzed reactions and the investigation of an enantioselective cobalt-catalyzed aldehyde-alkyne-amine (A3) coupling reaction. The first part focuses on the large-scale optimization of the oxidative amidation of aldehydes in the presence of amine hydrochloride salts as well as our effort to enhance the reaction scope by the use of amino acids derivatives and short peptides. This is then followed by the development of an enantioselective cobalt-catalyzed A3-coupling using binaphthol ligands as a source of chirality. Finally, the last part involves silver-catalyzed alkyne addition to iminoesters as well as silver-catalyzed A3-coupling.
La présente thèse a pour but de présenter l'utilisation de divers dérivés d'acides aminés comme substrats pour plusieurs réactions catalysées par des sels de cuivre, d'argent et de fer, de même que du développement d'une réaction de couplage énantiosélective entre aldéhyde, alcyne et amine (A3) catalysée par des sels de cobalt. La première partie met l'emphase sur l'optimisation à grande échelle d'un procédé d'amidation oxydative d'aldéhydes en présence de sels d'amine ainsi que nos efforts pour adapter cette méthode à des substrats tels que courts peptides et dérivés d'acides aminés. Cela est suivi par le développement d'une réaction de couplage énantiosélective entre aldehyde, alcyne et amine (A3) catalysée par des sels de cobalt misant sur l'utilisation de binaphtols comme ligands chiraux. La dernière partie porte sur l'addition d'alcyne à des iminoesters catalysés par des sels d'argent ainsi que sur des réactions de couplage A3, elles aussi catalysées par des sels d'argent.
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Riley, M. Louise. "Alcohol, aldehydes, ageing and cataract." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260233.

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Shand, Neil Charles. "Laser multiphoton spectroscopy of aldehydes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/657.

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Gustafsson, Jörgen. "Synthesis of cyclohexenedicarbaldehydes and studies of their biologic activity." Lund : Organic Chemistry 2, Lund Institute of Technology, University of Lund, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=ULpqAAAAMAAJ.

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Kautiainen, Antti. "In vivo dosimetry of aldehydes and studies on the origin of malonaldehyde." Stockholm : Dept. of Radiobiology, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28171674.html.

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Yuan, Quan. "Modification of biomolecules by lipoxidation derived aldehydes." online version, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1135006612.

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Howe, G. P. "Stereoselective additions to #alpha#,#beta#-epoxy-aldehydes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381818.

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Turp, Edward Robert. "Stereoselective additions to #alpha#,#beta#-epoxy-aldehydes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245017.

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Finkelstein, Erik I. "Regulation of neutrophil function by toxic aldehydes /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Books on the topic "Aldehydes"

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Kautiainen, Antti. In vivo dosimetry of aldehydes and studies on the origin of malonaldehyde. Stockholm: Dept. of Radiobiology, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 1992.

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Howe, Graham Peter. Stereoselective additions to AB-epoxy-aldehydes. Salford: University of Salford, 1987.

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International Agency for Research on Cancer. and IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans., eds. Allyl compounds, aldehydes, epoxides, and peroxides. [Lyon]: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1985.

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Larsen, Eric. Isolation of aldehydes in Bellingham Municipal drinking water. Bellingham, WA: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 2003.

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Gmehling, Jürgen. Vapor-liquid equilibrium data collection: Aldehydes : supplement 1. Frankfurt-am-Main: DECHEMA, 1993.

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Hull, L. A. Analysis of aldehydes and ketones in the gas phase. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Holdren, M. Investigation of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated adsorbent tubes for the collection of airborne aldehydes. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1988.

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Holdren, M. Investigation of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated adsorbent tubes for the collection of airborne aldehydes. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1988.

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Holdren, M. Investigation of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine impregnated adsorbent tubes for the collection of airborne aldehydes. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1988.

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Lee, Steger Joette, Radian Corporation, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Field validation of the DNPH method for aldehydes and ketones: Final report. Research Triangle Park, N.C: Radian Corporation, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aldehydes"

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Paulus, Wilfried. "Aldehydes." In Microbicides for the Protection of Materials, 37–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2118-7_4.

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Paulus, Wilfried. "Aldehydes." In Directory of Microbicides for the Protection of Materials, 459–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2818-0_25.

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Handa, S. "Aldehydes: Alkyl Aldehydes." In Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations II, 1–58. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044655-8/00046-5.

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Parkes, Kevin E. B., and Stewart K. Richardson. "Aldehydes: Alkyl Aldehydes." In Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations, 1–52. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044705-8/00164-3.

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Burrows, Andrew, John Holman, Simon Lancaster, Tina Overton, Andrew Parsons, Gwen Pilling, and Gareth Price. "Aldehydes and ketones." In Chemistry3. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198829980.003.0023.

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This chapter concentrates on the chemistry of aldehydes (RCHO) and ketones (RCOR) and how they react in nucleophilic addition reactions. An aldehyde contains a C=O group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, whereas a ketone has a carbonyl group bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. The chapter illustrates general mechanisms for a nucleophilic addition reaction, an α-substitution reaction, and a carbonyl–carbonyl condensation reaction and mechanisms for nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones using reagents. It discusses keto–enol tautomerism and the factors that influence the stability of keto and enol forms. The structure of a product derived from a nucleophilic addition, an α-substitution, or a carbonyl–carbonyl condensation reaction of an aldehyde or ketone are also covered.
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Jones, John. "Reactions of amino compounds with aldehydes and ketones." In Core Carbonyl Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198559597.003.0004.

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This chapter investigates the reactions of amino compounds with aldehydes and ketones. Amino nucleophiles ~NH2 react reversibly with aldehydes and ketones. The reversible reaction of ~NH2 with an aldehyde or ketone is very similar to that of water, involving as it does nucleophilic addition followed by dehydration. Secondary amines R2NH are intrinsically just as nucleophilic as primary amines RNH2. They react with aldehydes and ketones similarly, except that the final stage is blocked because there is no proton to discard, so iminium ions are generated. The chapter then looks at classical aldehyde and ketone derivatization, as well as reactions of ammonia and primary amines with aldehydes and ketones. It also considers enamines, the Wolf–Kishner reaction, and transamination.
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"Aldehydes." In Lead Optimization for Medicinal Chemists, 138. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527645640.ch29.

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Graedel, T. E., Donald T. Hawkins, and Larry D. Claxton. "Aldehydes." In Atmospheric Chemical Compounds, 295–314. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-091842-6.50010-3.

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Sandler, Stanley R., and Wolf Karo. "ALDEHYDES." In Sourcebook of Advanced Organic Laboratory Preparations, 49–52. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-092553-0.50011-x.

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NYQUIST, R. "Aldehydes." In Interpreting Infrared, Raman, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra, 267–86. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012523475-7/50177-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aldehydes"

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Li, Hu, Mohamed A. Altaher, and Gordon E. Andrews. "Aldehydes Emissions Measurement and OFP Assessment of Biodiesel and its Blends With Kerosene Using a Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45707.

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There is more interest of using biodiesel fuels derived from vegetable oil or animal fats as alternative fuels for both diesel and gas turbine engines. This is mainly due to the potential benefits on CO2 reductions and renewable. Regulated emissions of biodiesel and its blends are widely studied in diesel engines and some gas turbine engines. However, there is a knowledge gap of lack of information about non-regulated pollutants such as carbonyl compounds (aldehydes etc). This paper assessed aldehydes emissions under atmospheric pressure and 600K using a radial swirler industrial low NOx gas turbine combustor. A comparison was made between B100 (100% WME), B20 (80% Kerosene: 20% WME) and pure Kerosene. A FTIR was used to determine aldehydes including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein. OFP (Ozone Formation Potential) of formaldehyde emissions were assessed for these three fuels. The results showed that formaldehyde was the most prevalent aldehyde species for B100, B20 and kerosene, accounted for up to 50%. The aldehydes decreased as equivalence ratio increased due to the increased flame temperatures. A strong correlation between aldehydes emissions and flame temperatures was observed.
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Mkamburi M., Kilian, Evyline Nkirigacha, Jackin N. Nanua, and Patricia M. Mbogoh. "Factors Associated with Formation and Uptake of Toxic Aldehydes in Foods During Deep Fat Frying; A Review." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.s.d-05.

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Deep-fried foods are associated with toxic aldehydes and therefore, ingestion of such foods is linked with increased risks of pathogenesis and progression of non-communicable diseases like cancers, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases among other chronic conditions. Particularly, the α and β-unsaturated aldehydes are shown to be highly oxidative, cytotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic when ingested. This paper reviewed current studies on factors that promote the generation of toxic aldehydes during deep fat frying and the factors that would promote the uptake of these toxic aldehydes into fried foods. A literature search was performed using Boolean operators from Google scholar, PubMed, and HINARI for articles published between 2014 and 2021. Findings showed that higher frying temperatures with longer frying durations, the chemical composition of the frying oil i.e., the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and type, the concentration of vitamin E in the oil, the number of times frying oil is reused before discarding, the make and shape of the frying pan potentially influence generation and uptake of toxic aldehydes into fried foods. In conclusion, there is growing evidence that deep frying practices, type of frying oil, food and frying pan used can influence generation of toxic aldehydes while on the other hand, only scanty evidence on factors influencing the uptake of toxic aldehydes in fried foods is available. While the current findings are informative, they are still some limitations regarding their usage as there were no oil-specific studies that investigated all the factors influencing generation of toxic aldehydes in totality Key words: Toxic aldehydes, generation, formation and uptake, deep fat frying, deep fried foods, toxic aldehydes uptake, α, and β-unsaturated aldehyde.
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Van Duynhoven, John, Andries Swager, Donny Merkx, and Ewoud van Velzen. "Quantitative and predictive modelling of lipid oxidation in mayonnaise." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/hgcz2657.

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In the food industry, the oxidative stability mayonnaise is typically assessed by accelerated shelf-life tests. Even under accelerated conditions (50 °C) it can take weeks before the onset of volatile off-flavor (aldehydes) can be observed. To enable earlier assessment of compromised shelf-life a predictive model for aldehyde generation was developed. The model was based on formation kinetics of hydroperoxides, which are early oxidation products and precursors of volatile aldehydes. Under accelerated conditions (50 °C) hydroperoxide concentration over time shows a sigmoidal curvature followed by an acceleration phase that occurs at a LOOH-concentration between 38–50 mmol/kg, here interpreted as a critical LOOH concentration (CCLOOH). The time at which CCLOOH was reached was hypothesized to be related to the onset of aldehyde generation. We further hypothesized that long-term LOOH-generation could be predicted from formation kinetics in the first days. These hypotheses were tested using the semi-empirical Foubert model to describe the autocatalytic character of hydroperoxide formation in combination with the CCLOOH. From the prediction of long-term LOOH generation, the onset of aldehyde generation could be predicted. In addition, model parameters could be used to recognize antioxidant mechanisms at play.
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Mkamburi, Kilian M., Evayline M. Nkirigacha, Patricia M. Mbogoh, and Jackin N. Nanua. "Are Deep Frying Practices Employed by Food Vendors in Mtwapa and Junju Communities of Kilifi County Safe? An Exploratory Study." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15.

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Background: Deep fat frying practices are shown to influence the concentration of toxic aldehydes in frying oils and the fried foods. Consumption of foods with high amounts of toxic aldehydes is linked with increased risks of developing chronic diseases such as some forms of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and diabetes. Surveys from low and medium-income countries have shown high concentrations of toxic aldehydes in food and frying oil samples from food vendors. There are limited studies in Kenya investigating deep frying practices and whether they promote generation of toxic aldehydes or not. This study determined the common deep-frying practices employed by food vendors in Mtwapa and Junju locations in Kilifi County and determined the concentrations of toxic aldehydes in in-use frying oils randomly collected from food vendors in the study area. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Food vendors (n=90) who deep fried their foods were interviewed on deep frying practices like the type of frying oil and pan make and shape, temperature regulation, frying duration, type of foods fried, recycling and storage of frying oil among other practices. Oil samples from mahamri and fish (n= 20) were collected from the field and chemically analysed in triplicates for primary oxidation status expressed in peroxide values and the concentration of toxic aldehydes expressed in Peri-anisidine values (PAV) using SPECTRO UV-18 MRC at absorbance of 350nm. Results: Frequently fried foods were Mahamri (38%, n=41), viazi karai (30.6%, n=33), and fish (10.2%, n=11). All respondents used frying oils of unknown smoking point, 95% used pans that formed rust, all used trial-and-error when regulating frying temperatures, on average recycled their oil three times characterized with poor storage and 73% discarded their oil when the color changed to dark brown. Sixty percent of the mahamri oil samples and 70% all of fish oil samples had PAV above Codex recommended limits of 8.0 mEq/Kg. Conclusions: Deep fat frying practices reported in the present study portray unsafe practices that promote formation of toxic aldehydes. The high toxic aldehydes observed from the majority of the chemically analysed oil samples corroborate the findings that the deep-frying practices are unsafe and therefore, might be exposing the public to toxic aldehydes linked with undesirable health outcomes. Existing literature further supports these conclusions. Keywords: Deep frying practices, concentration of toxic aldehydes, generation of toxic aldehydes, deep fried foods, frying oils
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Bigović, Miljan, Marija Kaluđerović, Jovana Jovanović, Haris Majstorović, and Milica Kosović-Perutović. "Synthesis of Schiff bases between some five-membered heterocyclic aldehydes and thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) and optimization of reaction conditions." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.435b.

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The usual way of synthesizing imines (Schiff bases) between carbonyl compounds –aldehydes and ketones – with thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) involves heating them for 3 hours in a mixture of water solvents and ethanol with the addition of a catalytic amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Heating in the presence of acid catalysts over a long period of time may be unsuitable for acid-sensitive, labile, reactive or thermally unstable aldehydes, which are prone to polymerization under these conditions. We tested the condensation reaction at room temperature with a series of aldehydes, while maintaining the described ratios (equimolar ratio of aldehydes and TCH), with the addition of a few drops of 36% HCl. The course and completion of the reaction were monitored using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The reaction time is longer compared to the heating conditions, while the yields are comparable. We obtained a series of compounds of high degree of purity, satisfactory yield varying from 50-90%, whose structure and purity were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
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Leyva Gutierrez, Francisco, and Tong Wang. "Crystallography and Functionality of Natural Waxes: Insights for the Development of Tailored Lipid Materials." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nyok4571.

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Natural waxes are valuable industrial products consisting of complex chemical mixtures. To probe the structure−function role of select constituents, model n-alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, and fatty acids of C18−19, C22−23, and C26−27 carbon chain lengths were synthesized and analyzed via calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. Pure compounds and binary mixtures crystallized into monoclinic (M), triclinic (T), and orthorhombic (O) lattices or combinations thereof. The C26 aldehyde formed an O lattice and exhibited one solid−solid phase transition similar to n-alkanes. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of model systems cast as films was determined. For pure compounds, WVP decreased in the following order: fatty acid > even n-alkane > odd n-alkane > alcohol > aldehyde. Increasing carbon chain length, which translates to increasing unit cell volume, decreased WVP. Binary mixtures generally exhibited a more complex relationship with WVP. These findings may be applicable to the agricultural postharvest, pharmaceutical, and paperboard coating industries.
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Jones, Caleb W. "Reactive Aldehydes As Mediators Of Pulmonary Inflammation." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2732.

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Ladika, Dimitra, MARIA FARSARI, Frederic Dumur, GUILLAUME NOIRBENT, Didier GIGMES, DAVID GRAY, and ARETI MOURKA. "Triphenylamine-based aldehydes: Photoinitiators for multiphoton polymerization." In Synthesis and Photonics of Nanoscale Materials XVIII, edited by Andrei V. Kabashin, Jan J. Dubowski, David B. Geohegan, and Maria Farsari. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2585706.

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Marković, Violeta R., Jovana M. Muškinja, and Tamara Lj Todorović. "Synthesis and antioxidant activity of novel vanillin-based ferrocenyl chalcones." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.547m.

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A small series of new ferrocenyl chalcones was prepared, starting from the corresponding aldehydes and monoacetyl ferrocene. Di-derivatives of vanillin and ethylvanillin were prepared and used as aldehydes for this synthesis. All new compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and physical data. The antioxidant potential of new compounds was evaluated using the DPPH test and the results showed moderate activity in vitro.
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Shankar, Varun, and Felix Leach. "Effects of oxygenate and aromatic content on engine-out aldehyde emissions from pure, binary, and ternary mixtures of ethanol, toluene, and iso-octane." In 2023 JSAE/SAE Powertrains, Energy and Lubricants International Meeting. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-32-0029.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Sustainable fuel components, such as ethanol, can be blended into gasoline to help reduce fossil fuel consumption. Aldehydes are both observed emissions and major intermediates in the oxidation of gasoline/ethanol fuel mixtures and are solely attributed to the fuel’s alcohol content.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study aims to evaluate the direct impact of toluene, iso-octane, and ethanol on engine-out formaldehyde and acetalde hyde emissions. A single-cylinder direct injection spark ignition engine was run at low speed and load conditions with varying equivalence ratios. The emissions are measured using a FTIR.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The aldehyde emissions from pure ethanol are ten- and five- times greater than pure toluene and iso-octane, respectively. Greater formaldehyde than acetaldehyde is found for iso-octane and toluene and vice versa for ethanol. The addition of 25 %vol of toluene to ethanol halves the average aldehyde emissions due to toluene suppressing effects. In the ternary mixtures with fixed ethanol content, the higher toluene concentration mixture led to lower average aldehyde emissions.</div></div>
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Reports on the topic "Aldehydes"

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Joshi, N. N., M. Srebnik, and H. C. Brown. Chiral Oxazaborolidines as Catalysts for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada210543.

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Ortiz, Anna C., Marion Russell, Wen-Yee Lee, Michael Apte, and Randy Maddalena. Identifying Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds and Aldehydes in a High Performance Building. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991749.

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Broekhuis, R. R., S. Lynn, and C. J. King. Recovery of propylene glycol from dilute aqueous solutions via reversible reaction with aldehydes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129183.

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Barve, Aabha. Development of an Optical Method for the Detection of Homocysteine as a Disease Biomarker Using Fluorescein-Aldehydes. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2218.

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Suri, Suresh C., and Jacob C. Marcischak. New Application of Bromotrimethylsilane: Elaboration of Aldehydes/Ketones into Homologous Alpha-Beta-Unsaturated Esters via Beta-Hydroxy Esters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410496.

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Joshi, Navalkishore N., Chongsuh Pyun, Verinder K. Mahindroo, Bakthan Singaram, and Herbert C. Brown. Chiral Synthesis via Organoboranes. 33. The Controlled Reaction of B- Alkydiisopinocampheylboranes with Aldehydes Providing a Convenient Procedure for the Enantiomeric Enrichment of the Boronic Ester Products Through Kinetic Resolution. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238257.

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Horton, David, Victoria Soroker, Peter Landolt, and Anat Zada Byers. Characterization and Chemistry of Sexual Communication in Two Psyllid Pests of Pears (Homoptera: Psyllidae). United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592653.bard.

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Pear-feeding psyllids in the genus Cacopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) are among the most important arthropod pests of pears worldwide. These pests are exceedingly difficult to control, and new management tools are needed. Sex attractantpheromones have been used in IPM programs for pests of pome fruits (especially Lepidoptera), but not as yet for pest Hemiptera. Results of the current project showed that males of two psyllid pests of pears, Cacopsylla bidens (Israel) and Cacopsylla pyricola (North America), use volatile or semi-volatile compounds to locate female psyllids for mating. For both species, the attractants can be collected from the cuticle of females by washing live female psyllids with an appropriate solvent. Analysis of these washes by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry led to the following discoveries: Psyllid cuticles contain a mix of hydrocarbons, straight chain and branched alkanes, and long chain aldehydes The two species have different chemical profiles Chemical profiles change seasonally and with reproductive status Chemical profiles differ between male and reproductive female psyllids Several specific compounds found to be more abundant in attractive females than males were identified and synthesized. Behavioral assays (olfactometer) were then used to determine whether these compounds were attractive to males. Two compounds showed promise as attractants for male psyllids: 7-methylheptacosane (C. bidens) and 13-methylheptacosane (C. pyricola and C. bidens). These are the first sex attractantpheromones identified for any psyllid species. Field tests showed that the chemicals could be used to attract males under orchard conditions, but that effectiveness in the field appeared to be seasonally variable. Future research plans include: (a) test mixtures of compounds; (b) explore seasonality in field response to compounds; (c) determine whether chirality of the two compounds affects their attractiveness; and (d) compare different types of traps and release devices to optimize lure performance.
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Landen, Jr, and Charles N. Characterization and Targeting of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Subpopulation in Ovarian Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610558.

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Landen, Jr, and Charles N. Characterization and Targeting of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Subpopulation in Ovarian Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569964.

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Landen, Jr, and Charles N. Characterization and Targeting of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Subpopulation in Ovarian Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594191.

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