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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aldehydes and ketones'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

鄧陽招 and Yeung-chiu Dennis Tang. "Accelerated decomposition of peroxynitrite by Ketones and Aldehydes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221701.

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2

Allan, John Fraser. "Reactions of amidomagnesium compounds with ketones and aldehydes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415132.

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3

Tang, Yeung-chiu Dennis. "Accelerated decomposition of peroxynitrite by Ketones and Aldehydes /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20897145.

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4

Esiringu, Ilker. "Intermolecular Addition Of Aldehydes To Ketones Via Acyl Phosphonates." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609441/index.pdf.

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This thesis presents a new developed method for first intermolecular aldehyde/ketone cross benzoin coupling. Protected &amp<br>#945<br>-keto tertiary alcohols are synthesized starting from easily available acyl phosphonates and ketones via Brook rearrangement in the presence of catalytic amount of cyanide ion. The scopes and the limitations of the methods for the synthesis of tertiary alcohols with &amp<br>#945<br>-keto group are discovered.

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5

Dosa, Peter I. (Peter Ian) 1973. "Catalytic asymmetric addition of organozinc reagents to aldehydes and ketones." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47412.

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6

Vaismaa, M. (Matti). "Development of benign synthesis of some terminal α-hydroxy ketones and aldehydes". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514291753.

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Abstract The synthesis of α-hydroxy aldehydes and hydroxymethyl ketones as well as their interconversion to each other are discussed in this thesis. The literature survey of the monograph reviews the synthetic methods for the preparation of 1,2-bifunctionalized hydroxy aldehydes and ketones. The keto-aldehyde isomerisation reaction catalyzed by Triosephosphate isomerase enzyme (TIM) and organic compounds that interact with the TIM are also introduced. In addition, the microwave heating techniques in organic syntheses are reviewed. The practical work consists of two entities: The synthesis of new substrate candidates and transition state analogues for a mutated monomeric TIM. These compounds are model compounds for the catalytic activity and the structural studies of the mutated monomeric TIM. The synthesis of the sulphonyl α-hydroxy ketone-based substrate candidates consists of four successive syntheses. The microwave-activation was utilized in the preparation of a carbon-sulphur bond and the synthesis of hydroxymethyl ketones. The improved synthesis of the terminal α-hydroxy ketone functionality with microwave activation is presented. The formation of charged compounds was utilized to improve the absorption of microwave energy of reaction mixtures. The design and the synthetic work were carried out in accordance to principles of green chemistry. The second part of the practical work is the development of an organocatalytic α-oxybenzoylation reaction of aldehydes with high enantiomeric selectivity. This novel method generated enantiomerically pure α-hydroxy aldehydes in the stable benzoate-protected form from achiral starting materials under mild conditions at the presence of air and moisture.

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7

Cooper, Ian Antony. "The production of aldehydes and ketones in COâ†2 cooled nuclear reactors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317757.

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8

Simpson, Elizabeth Shearer Currie. "Investigation of epoxidation of aldehydes and ketones using sulfoxonium and sulfonium ylides." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/278.

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9

Beeby, A. "The photochemistry and photophysics of aldehydes, ketones and simple sugars in solution." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382884.

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10

Fällman, Tove. "Capturing of the carbonyl oxide intermediate in ozonolysis using aldehydes and ketones." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226240.

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11

Lamba, Aruna. "Antimicrobial activities of aldehydes and ketones produced during rapid volatilization of biogenic oils." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.umr.edu/thesis/pdf/Lamba_09007dcc803c4bf3.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed December 5, 2007) Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-60).

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12

Li, Dan. "The role of the AKR7A family in resistance to toxic aldehydes and ketones." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415313.

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13

Bernhardt, Sebastian. "Magnesium halide-mediated addition of functionalized organozinc reagents to aldehydes, ketones and carbon dioxide." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-147538.

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14

Chen, Jian, and 陳健. "I. Significant electronic effects in catalytic asymmetricepoxidation ; II. Peroxynitrite decomposition mediated by ketones andaldehydes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239961.

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15

Chen, Jian. "I. Significant electronic effects in catalytic asymmetric epoxidation ; II. Peroxynitrite decomposition mediated by ketones and aldehydes /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21982399.

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16

Smyj, Robert Peter. "Chiral auxiliary design for the stereoselective addition of alpha-alkoxymethyl carbanions to aldehydes and ketones." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65261.pdf.

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17

Carberry, Patrick. "Synthetic studies on maoecrystal V and studies on the rhodium catalyzed 1,2-addition of alkynes to activated ketones and aldehydes." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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18

Kitagawa, Kristen. "Studies in the asymmetric reduction of (3s)-3-amino-1-chloro-4-phenyl-2-butanone derivatives." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39464.

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This thesis focuses on the asymmetric reduction of N-protected derivatives of (3S)-3-amino-1-chloro-4-phenyl-2-butanone to their corresponding diastereomeric alcohol products, which are key intermediates in the synthesis of HIV protease inhibitors. Although the stereoselective synthesis of the (S,S) alcohol product is easily achieved, preparing the (R,S) diastereomer is much more challenging. I investigated three diastereoselective reduction processes: 1) Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction, 2) asymmetric transfer hydrogenation, and 3) boron reducing agents. The diastereoselectivity of the MPV reduction still favored the (S,S) product; however, I discovered a significant rate enhancement when the standard catalyst (aluminum isopropoxide) was replaced with aluminum tert-butoxide. Many reaction variables were investigated in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation reaction and the diastereoselectivity was improved to give a ratio of the desired (R,S) diastereomer to the undesired (S,S) alcohol of 9.5:1. Using chiral oxazaborolidine catalysts, an unprecedented (R,S) to (S,S) ratio of 9.5:1 was achieved. Finally, I investigated the effect of the N-protecting group on the stereoselectivity of the reduction. When the original boc-protecting group was replaced with a phthalimide group, the diastereoselectivity of the MPV reduction was reversed to favor the desired (R,S) product.

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19

Kabir, Abuzar. "Polytetrahydrofuran- and dendrimer- based novel sol-gel coatings for capillary microextraction (cme) providing parts per trillion (ppt) and parts per quadrillion (ppq) level detection limits in conjunction with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (fid)." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001192.

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20

Dostert, Karl-Heinz. "Selectivity in hydrogenation of alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds on model palladium catalysts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17399.

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Die Umsetzung von alpha,beta-ungesättigten Aldehyden und Ketonen mit Wasserstoff über Pd-Modellkatalysatoren wurde anhand von Molekularstrahlmethoden, kombiniert mit Infrarot-Reflexions-Absorptions-Spektroskopie (IRAS), Quadrupol-Massenspektrometrie (QMS) und Röntgen-Nahkanten-Absorptions-Spektroskopie (NEXAFS), unter wohldefinierten Ultrahochvakuumbedingungen untersucht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, ein atomistisches Verständnis der strukturellen Faktoren zu gewinnen, die die Aktivität und Selektivität eines Pd(111)-Einkristalls und Eisenoxid-geträgerter Pd-Nanopartikel für die Hydrierung der C=C- und C=O-Bindungen bestimmen. Exemplarisch für diese Art von Kohlenwasserstoffen wurden das Aldehyd Acrolein und das Keton Isophoron gewählt. Die NEXAFS- und IRAS-Studien zeigten, dass Isophoron bei niedrigen Bedeckungen auf Pd(111) in einer flachliegenden Geometrie adsorbiert wird. Die Neigungswinkel der C=C- und C=O-Bindungen in Bezug auf die Pd(111)-Ebene nehmen mit zunehmender Oberflächenbedeckung zu. Auf reinem Pd(111) ist die Neigung der C=C-Bindung stärker ausgeprägt, was auf eine Verzerrung des konjugierten pi-Systems hindeutet. Bei Anwesenheit von Wasserstoff wird eine schwächere Bindung von Isophoron an Pd beobachtet. Die selektive partielle Hydrierung über einer Pd(111)-Oberfläche und geträgerten Pd-Nanopartikeln unterschiedlicher Größen wurde unter Verwendung von Acrolein untersucht. Molekularstrahlmethoden wurden mit IRAS- und QMS-Messungen kombiniert, um gleichzeitig die Bildung von Adsorbaten auf der Oberfläche und die der Produkte in der Gasphase verfolgen zu können. Über einem Pd(111)-Kristall wird Propenol mit nahezu 100% Selektivität durch Hydrierung der C=O-Gruppe gebildet, während über Pd-Partikeln Propanal durch selektive Hydrierung der C=C-Gruppe erzeugt wird. IRAS-Untersuchungen zeigten, dass die Propenol-Bildung eine Modifikation der Pd(111)-Oberfläche mit einer dichten Oxopropyl-Monolage voraussetzt.<br>The conversion of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones with hydrogen over model Pd catalysts was investigated using molecular beam techniques combined with infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies under well-defined ultra-high vacuum conditions. The aim of this work was to gain atomistic-level understanding of structural factors governing the selectivity and activity of a Pd(111) single crystal and iron-oxide-supported Pd nanoparticles for C=C and C=O bond hydrogenation. The ketone isophorone and the aldehyde acrolein were chosen as prototypical alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. NEXAFS and IRAS studies showed that isophorone is adsorbed on Pd(111) in a flat-lying geometry at low coverages. With increasing coverage, both C=C and C=O bonds tilt with respect to the surface plane. The tilting is more pronounced for the C=C bond on pristine Pd(111), indicating a strong distortion of the conjugated pi system upon interaction with Pd. Co-adsorbed hydrogen leads to a conservation of the in-plane geometry of the conjugated pi system, pointing to a much weaker interaction of isophorone with Pd in the presence of hydrogen. The selective partial hydrogenation over a Pd(111) surface and supported Pd nanoparticles with different particle sizes was investigated using acrolein. Molecular beam techniques were combined with IRAS and QMS measurements in order to simultaneously monitor the evolution of surface species and the formation of the final gas-phase products. Over a Pd(111) single crystal, acrolein is hydrogenated at the C=O bond to form propenol with nearly 100% selectivity, while over supported Pd particles, selective conversion of the C=C bond to propanal occurs. IRAS investigations showed that a distinct modification of the Pd(111) surface with a dense overlayer of an oxopropyl species is required for propenol formation.

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21

Chen, Jianxian. "I. Chemoselective catalytic hydrogenation of Ã, ß-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones using soluble copper(I) hydrides, II. Free radical alkylation of titanium(III) allyl and propargyl complexes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0005/NQ39514.pdf.

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22

Kulkarni, Sameer M. "Sol-gel immobilized cyano-polydimethylsiloxane and short chain polyethylene glycol coatings for capillary microextraction coupled to gas chromatography." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002083.

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23

Baldasare, Corey Adam. "Quantum Chemical pK_a Estimation of Carbon Acids, Saturated Alcohols, and Ketones via Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1598550823525731.

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24

Du, Guodong. "Group 4 Metalloporphyrin diolato Complexes and Catalytic Application of Metalloporphyrins and Related Transition Metal Complexes." Washington, D.C. : Oak Ridge, Tenn. : United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Science ; distributed by the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Energy, 2004. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/835301-irsXCw/webviewable/.

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25

Bheeter, Linus Paulin. "catalyseurs à base de ligands carbène N-hétérocycliques dérivés de fer et de nickel pour les réactions catalytiques d'hydrosilylation et d'hydroboration." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S182.

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Ces travaux de thèse portent sur le développement de catalyseurs à base de ligands carbène N-hétérocycliques dérivés de fer et de nickel, deux métaux de transition abondants, pour les réactions de hydrosilylation et de borylation. Le premier chapitre porte sur les travaux réalisés à l’aide de complexes de fer du type [Cp(NHC)Fe(CO)₂][X] (X = I, PF₆) possédant des ligands de type benzimidazole ou imidazole et leur évaluation en hydrosilylation de dérivés carbonylés. Le deuxième chapitre traite de l’utilisation de complexes demi-sandwichs de nickel du type CpNi(NHC) en hydrosilylation d’aldéhydes, de cétones, d’aldimines et de cétimines. Enfin le troisième chapitre est consacré à la réaction de borylation catalysée par des complexes de nickel demi-sandwich CpNi(triazole)X et des complexes de nickel possédant deux ligands chélatants anioniques de type carbene N-hétérocyclique fonctionnalisé par un bras amido<br>The research work described in this manuscript has for main objective the development of new homogeneous catalytic systems based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) iron and nickel complexes for hydrosilyation and borylation reactions. The first chapter describes the use of [Cp(NHC)Fe(CO)₂][X] (X = I, PF₆) complexes bearing benzimidazole or imidazole NHC type ligands for hydrosilylation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone. In a second chapter, we have shown that half-sandwich NHC-nickel complexes in the presence of a catalytic amount of NaHBEt3 can be efficient catalysts for the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, aldimines and ketimines in the presence of diphenylsilane. In the last chapter, two new series of non-classical NHC-nickel triazole complexes had been developed: (i) one series with half sandwich NHC-nickel triazole complexes and (ii) another one based on chelating anionic amido-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene nickel complexes. The two series of complexes were then evaluated in catalytic borylation cross coupling reaction

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26

Bernhardt, Sebastian Verfasser], and Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] [Knochel. "Magnesium halide-mediated addition of functionalized organozinc reagents to aldehydes, ketones and carbon dioxide : preparation of solid salt-stabilized organozinc reagents ; preparation of functionalized organoindium reagents via magnesium insertion in the presence of InCl3 / Sebastian Bernhardt. Betreuer: Paul Knochel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025822005/34.

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27

Lynam, Jason Martin. "Vinyl ketone and vinyl aldehyde complexes of ruthenium." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265558.

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28

Kim, Tae-Young. "Novel sol-gel titania-based hybrid organic-inorganic coatings for on-line capillary microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001833.

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29

Shearrow, Anne M. "Ionic liquid-mediated sol-gel sorbents for capillary microextraction and challenges in glass microfabrication." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002988.

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30

Liao, Wenyan. "Development of 1,2,3-triazole-borane complex as effective reagent for aldehyde/ketone reductive amination." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10750.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 169 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-65).

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31

Hüttl, Matthias R. M. "Asymmetrische Organokatalyse zur alpha-Fluorierung von Aldehyden und Ketonen und zur Synthese von Cyclohexencarbaldehyden via Dominoreaktionen." Aachen Mainz, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1001754573/34.

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32

Hewlett, Dudley Francis. "The use of the [eta]Â²-aldehyde, ketone and benzyne complexes of Ti and Zr in organic synthesis." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359225.

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33

Davies, Ronnie. "New approaches for synthesis and analysis of adducts to N-terminal valine in hemoglobin from isocyanates, aldehydes, methyl vinyl ketone and diepoxybutane." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-30138.

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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2009.<br>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted. Härtill 4 uppsatser.

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34

Hüttl, Matthias R. M. [Verfasser]. "Asymmetrische Organokatalyse zur alpha-Fluorierung von Aldehyden und Ketonen und zur Synthese von Cyclohexencarbaldehyden via Dominoreaktionen / vorgelegt von Matthias R. M. Hüttl." Aachen : Mainz, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1001754573/34.

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35

Altinel, Ertan. "Manganese(iii) Acetate Mediated Regeneration Of Carbonyl Compounds From Oximes." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607333/index.pdf.

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A facile method for the direct conversion of oximes into carbonyl compounds by treatment with manganese triacetate is described. Manganese triacetate can be used for an effective and mild oxidizing agent for the regeneration of carbonyl compounds in good yield. Many functional groups are tolerated under reaction conditions.

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36

HOUTTEVILLE, MARIE-CLAIRE. "Etude de la simple et de la double diastereoselectivite de la reaction d'aldolisation de l'acide propanedithioique : synthese de beta-oxodithioesters par oxydation chimioselective de beta-hydroxydithioesters." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN2006.

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37

Mouselmani, Rim. "Reduction of Organic Functional Groups Using Hypophosphites." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1241/document.

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Récemment, les exigences en chimie ont évolué rapidement, car le développement durable a retenu plus d'attention. Les principes de la chimie verte ont encouragé les chimistes à développer des produits chimiques et des procédés qui réduisent ou éliminent les substances dangereuses. Les travaux de recherche décrits dans cette thèse portent sur le développement de nouveaux systèmes réducteurs en utilisant des hypophosphites comme substituts aux agents réducteurs toxiques traditionnels.Pour atteindre cet objectif, les nitriles aromatiques ont été réduits en aldéhydes correspondants par la formation du gaz de l’hydrogène et de nanoparticules de nickel en combinant un précurseur de nickel avec de l'hypophosphite de calcium en présence d'une base dans un milieu biphasique. De plus, les nitriles aromatiques ont été réduits en amines primaires en utilisant de l'hypophosphite de calcium et le catalyseur hétérogène palladium sur le carbone. La nature du catalyseur métallique, les additifs, les solvants, la température et les concentrations ont été étudiés en détail.D'autre part, l'amination réductrice directe des cétones aliphatiques et aromatiques a été réalisée pour la première fois en utilisant du palladium hétérogène sur du carbone et de l'hypophosphite d'ammonium qui agit comme une source d'ammoniac et un agent réducteur en même temps. Au cours de l'optimisation, des différents paramètres ont été étudiés<br>Recently, requirements in chemistry are changing fast, since sustainable development has retained more attention. Green chemistry principles have promoted chemists to develop chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances. The research work described in this thesis is focused on the development of new reducing systems using hypophosphites as substitutes for traditional toxic reducing agents.In order to achieve this goal, aromatic nitriles were reduced into the corresponding aldehydes by the formation of hydrogen gas and nickel nanoparticles upon combining a nickel precursor with calcium hypophosphite in the presence of base in a biphasic medium. Moreover, aromatic nitriles were reduced into primary amines using calcium hypophosphite and the heterogeneous catalyst palladium on carbon. The nature of the metal catalyst, additives, solvents, temperature, and concentrations were studied in details.On the other hand, the well-known direct reductive amination of aliphatic and aromatic ketones was done for the first time using heterogeneous palladium on carbon, and ammonium hypophosphite which acts as a source of ammonia and as a reducing agent at the same time. During optimization different parameters were studied

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38

Meziani, Abdelghani. "Formulation et caractérisation de microémulsions utilisables comme hôtes de réactions enzymatiques." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD466.

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A partir de mélanges eau/agent tensioactif/aldéhyde ou cétone aliphatique à chaîne courte ou moyenne, on peut obtenir des solutions ternaires stables (monophasiques), analogues par leurs propriétés à celles issues de systèmes dont le constituant organique est un alcool. Bien que moins performants que leurs homologues alcools, aldéhydes et cétones possèdent donc une certaine capacité d'agir comme co-surfactifs (co-agents d'agents tensioactifs), ce que confirme l'obtention de microémulsions quaternaires par incorporation d'huile (hydrocarbure) à des solutions monophasiques eau/agent tensioactif/aldéhyde ou cétone. Cette généralisation de la notion de co-surfactif est importante car elle permet d'envisager, dans le domaine de la catalyse enzymatique en milieux microcompartimentés, la conception de nouveaux fluides réactionnels dont certains constituants seraient multifonctionnels. Dans cet esprit, on a utilisé, comme hôtes de l'activité catalytique de l'enzyme HLADH (alcool-déshydrogénase de foie de cheval), des solutions monophasiques ternaires du genre direct, constituées à partir d'une solution aqueuse d'un tampon adéquat (ph=8,7), d'un surfactant non ionique (brij 35#) et d'un alcool aliphatique normal (condensation en carbone allant de 2 à 8) qui joue le double rôle de constituant structurel du milieu et de substrat de l'enzyme. Par des mécanismes subtils qui déterminent la concentration du substrat (alcool) en solution moléculaire dans l'environnement immédiat de HLADH, l'activité catalytique de cette enzyme est gouvernée de façon décisive par la microstructure du milieu hôte, qui dépend des paramètres p#t, teneur globale en agent tensioactif, et n#a, condensation en carbone de l'alcool. Pour p#t 10% (en masse) et n#a=4 ou 5, la microstructuration du milieu est à la fois suffisamment bien établie et suffisamment lâche pour que l'activité catalytique de HLADH se maintienne à un niveau significatif sur des gammes étendues de teneur en substrat. L'ensemble des résultats obtenus ouvre de nouvelles perspectives tant en matière de procédés faisant appel à la catalyse enzymatique en milieux microstructures qu'en matière de détermination, par des méthodes biochimiques, des microstructures de fluides réactionnels à constituants multiples.

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39

Figadère, Bruno. "Les composes organomanganeux mixtes : addition 1-2 selective sur des aldehydes ou des cetones portant un groupe fonctionnel, enolisation regioselective de cetones : application en synthese." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066371.

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Les reactifs organomanganeux rmnx(x=cl, br, i; r=n-, sec- t-alkyl, alcenyl, aryl, alcynyl) s'additionnent aux aldehydes et cetones fonctionnels pour donner selectivement les alcools correspondant avec d'excellents rendements. Les reactifs rmnz(z=nphme) enolisent les cetones avec une excellente regioselectivite. Les enolates manganeux ainsi prepares sont tres aisement acyles, silyles, alkyles, hydroxyalkyles, avec des rendements de 60% a 90%, a la temperature ambiante

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40

Ponthieux, Sylvain. "Synthèse et réactivité des β-phénylsélanyl énoxysilanes". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES058.

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Une méthode efficace de sélénénylation, à l'aide de trichlorure de benzèneséléniényle, d'aldéhydes et de cétones, ayant un carbone α-méthylénique, est décrite. La transformation des composés α-séléniés obtenus en β-phénylsélanyl énoxysilanes est réalisée principalement à l'aide du couple triéthylamine-chlorotriméthylsilane en solution dans le tétrahydrofurane, à température ambiante. La stéréochimie, des éthers d'énols silylés dérivés de phénylsélanylméthyl cétones, est déterminée par les constantes de couplage 2J[SeHβ], 1J[SeCβ] et la différence de déplacement chimique des carbones α et β. La réaction de double α-phénylsélénénylation est réalisée selon trois procédures adaptées à l'état de substitution des cétones initiales. La réaction d'allylation et de benzylation des β-phénylsélanyl énoxysilanes est étudiée. La génération des énolates α-phénylsélénies in situ est réalisée par coupure de la liaison oxygène-silicium, au moyen du t-butylate de potassium, en solution dans un mélange t-butanol-dichlorométhane. L'alkylation compétitive au niveau de l'atome de sélénium est prouvée avec la formation d'alkyl phénylsélénoéthers. La réaction d'aldolisation croisée des énoxysilanes, dérivés de phénylsélanylméthyl cétones, avec le benzaldéhyde, catalysée par l'éthérate de trifluorure de bore, a conduit à des aldols syn quelle que soit la proportion des isomères géométriques des énoxysilanes. La formation des énolates, par le fluorure de tétrabutyl ammonium, mène à un mélange d'aldols syn et trans. Deux mécanismes sont proposés pour expliquer la formation d'un époxyde trans à partir d'un aldol syn. La réduction de ces aldols en syn, syn-2-phénylsélanyl-1,3-diols, la formation d'-phénylsélanyl énones et la synthèse d'éthers triméthylsilyles à partir de ces aldols séléniés sont également décrites. Le mécanisme de réarrangement α,α' de certaines α-phénylsélanyl cétones ainsi que le caractère sélénophile des énolates dérivés ont été étudiés.

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41

Chavant, Pierre Yves. "Reaction de type barbier ou reformatsky effectuees a l'aide de manganese." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066138.

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Etude de la reactivite du manganese metallique vis-a-vis d'halogenures allyliques et d'halogeno-2 esters. Une etude de l'influence du solvant et de la presence de divers sels metalliques, a debouche sur la mise au point d'une nouvelle voie d'acces a des alcools homoallyliques

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42

Martin, Anthony. "Polymères chiraux par polymérisation par étapes asymétrique organocatalysée." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14732/document.

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Depuis une quinzaine d’années, les polymères chiraux sont utilisés dans de nombreuses applications, comme phases stationnaires pour la séparation d’énantiomères ou encore en tant que catalyseurs en synthèse asymétrique. Aux vues de ces intérêts grandissants, de nombreuses méthodes ont émergé afin de les synthétiser. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur des méthodes organocatalytiques originales de synthèse de polymères chiraux par réaction de polyaldolisation et par désymétrisation de bis-anhydrides. Nous avons ainsi développé des processus de désymétrisation itératifs et ainsi généré une chiralité C-centrée sur la chaine polymérique. Des polyesters chiraux ont ainsi été obtenus avec de très bonnes séléctivités<br>Chiral polymers are used in many applications such as stationary phases for chiral HPLC and catalysts in asymetric synthesis. The synthesis of chiral polymers traditionally deals with metal catalysts-based methodologies and often involved sensitive substrates. On the other hand, only a limited number of publications has been reported through environmentally-friendly organocatalytic pathways.The goal of this Ph.D. studies was devoted to the design of new routes toward chiral polymers under organocatalysis. We chose polyaldolisations and anhydride desymmetrizations with alcohols as key reactions to obtain original polymers with a C-centered chirality in the main polymer chain

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43

Guigné, Claire de. "Réactions d'éthers de diénol pour l'accès à des structures terpéniques : condensation carbocationique et métallation vinylique." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES034.

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Une nouvelle voie d'accès à des aldéhydes et cétones terpéniques est décrite. Elle est basée sur l'addition électrophile d'alcools allyliques, en présence d'acide, sur des éthers de diénol delta-substitués ou non par un hétéroatome. La synthèse d'éthers de diénol à squelette du prénal portant un substituant en position vinylique ou allylique a été décrite par action d'une base forte sur les acétals alpha, bêta-éthyléniques correspondants, de bons rendements et une très bonne régiosélectivité ont été obtenus. La condensation de ces éthers de diénol sur le carbocation issu d'alcools allyliques permet l'accès au rétinal et à la phytone. Une réaction de métallation en alpha de la fonction éther d'énol a été observée. Une étude portant sur les paramètres influençant la réaction, ainsi que sur l'espèce intermédiaire a permis d'apporter des éléments sur la structure intime des super-bases. L'accès à des éthers de diénol alpha, delta-difonctionnalisés est ainsi réalisée avec de bons rendements.

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44

Laduranty, Joëlle. "Mise au point de la préparation de molécules polyfonctionnelles comportant l'unité structurale SCCN de la cystéamine : applications en radioprotection et synthèse organique." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2013.

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45

Hassouni, Rachid. "Reactivite du methanol sur catalyseur a base de cuivre, argent et zinc : synthese de methylvinylcetone." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13319.

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46

Tue, Bi Balo. "Etude de la synthèse électrochimique de chloro-oléfines par réaction de Wittig-Horner in situ." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES025.

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Les composés du titre sont préparés par une réaction d'Horner Emmons entre un dérivé carbonylé (aldéhydes et cétones aliphatiques et aromatiques) et l'anion issu de la réduction électrochimique du o,o-diéthyl trichlorométhyl phosphanate. On propose une méthode de préparation des dichloro- et chlorométhylphosphonates par électrolyse à courant constant sur cathode à feutre de carbone. Le comportement électrochimique des oléfines dichlorées préparées est étudié. On obtient également un époxyphosphonate par réduction électrochimique d'un sel de phosphonium dérivant du trichlorométhylphosphonate

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47

Trécourt, François. "Elaboration de dérivés carbonylés orthosubstitués de la pyridine : application d'une nouvelle méthode de synthèse de pyridines, synthèse d'hétérocycles du type coumarine et xanthone." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES021.

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A partir de bromo-3 pyridines orthosubstituées par un fluor, un chlore, un méthoxy, un méthylthio, une première méthode de synthèse a permis d'élaborer des dérivés carbonylés (aldéhydes, cétones) orthosubstitués de la pyridine en utilisant la réaction d'échange halogène-métal. Cette méthode donne de bons résultats mais comporte en général un nombre important d'étapes. Une deuxième méthode de synthèse des dérivés carbonylés orthosubstitués de la pyridine a été mise en oeuvre. Cette méthode, basée sur la réaction de métallation régiosélective de dérivés monosubstitués de la pyridine (fluoro, chloro, méthoxy pyridines) est facile a mettre en oeuvre et permet d'accéder en une ou deux étapes à des formylpyridines , des pyridyléthanones et des pyridylméthanones orthosubstituées. Les dérivés carbonylés ainsi préparés nous ont permis de synthétiser des polyhétérocycles comportant au moins un cycle pyridinique : azacoumarines, azathiocoumarines, azaxanthones, diazathioxanthones. Lors de ces synthèses, le chlorure de pyridinium s'est révélé être un excellent agent de cyclisation

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48

Chao, How-Ran, and 趙浩然. "A Study on Vehicular Emissions of Aldehydes and Ketones." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17582595764026241644.

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博士<br>國立成功大學<br>環境工程學系<br>88<br>Carbonyl compounds (CBCs) are among many known toxic compounds found in the exhaust emission from vehicles due to incomplete combustion of fuels. They often cause uncomfortable irritation to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Some CBCs are even known to be potential carcinogens. This study was conducted to understand the composition and distribution of CBCs in the exhaust, the estimation on CBCs emission in Taiwan, and the toxicity in the exhaust. Five types of vehicular engines, a diesel, a gasoline (carburetor and jet engine), and a motorcycle (2-stroke and 4-stroke engine), were used in this study. They were connected to a dynamometer and run with or without a catalytic converter and were operated at cruising speeds. The operation conditions were transient cycles (Federal Test Procedure, FTP) and steady state tests for diesel engine, the varied engine speeds (1000, 1500, 2000, and 3000 rpm) and the varied throttle valve opening fractions (0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) for gasoline engine, and idling tests for motorcycle. The exhaust was sampled by both a modified USA method 18 and method TO-11. The exhaust gas samples were collected from the tail pipe and saved in Tedlar bags, from which a measured amount of gas was pumped through a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine coated cartridge to trap and converted CBCs into stable hydrazine derivatives. The cartridges were then eluted with acetonitrile and the eluant was analyzed by an HPLC with a UV detector. The toxicity of vehicular exhaust was assessed by MicrotoxTM tests. The results were indicated that the major carbonyl compounds in vehicular exhaust were formaldehyde (278 mg/L for diesel engine, 19.1 mg/L and 0.131 mg/km for gasoline engine, 222 mg/L for 2-stroke motorcycle, 310 mg/L for 4-stroke motorcycle), acetaldehyde (248 mg/L for diesel engine, 52.5 mg/L and 0.360 mg/km for gasoline engine, 195 mg/L for 2-stroke motorcycle, 55.0 mg/L for 4-stroke motorcycle), and acetone (366 mg/L for diesel engine, 92.3 mg/L for 2-stroke motorcycle, 16.8 mg/L for 4-stroke motorcycle). Both cold-start and hot-start runs in transient cycle tests show that the calculated mean of the emission factors of a total of eleven carbonyl compounds (CBCs) for cold-start runs was only 12% higher compared to those for hot-start runs. In contrast, for steady state tests, the calculated emission factors of the eleven CBCs for low-load runs are found drastically higher than those for high-load runs. For gasoline engine, the calculated mean emission factor of total CBCs for premium and 95 unleaded gasoline tests were 94.3% and 38.6% higher than that for 92 unleaded gasoline tests. The conversion efficiency increased with increased temperature in the catalytic converter, which was caused by the increased engine speed. In term of emission factor, diesel engines would emit more CBCs than gasoline-powered engines. CBCs emissions were also estimated in each county and city in Taiwan. The estimated CBCs emissions had the highest magnitudes in Taipei County (11.7%) and Taoyen County (9.6%), and the lowest magnitude in found in Penghu County (0.02%). The toxicity of automobile exhaust increased with the increase of engine speed and throttle valve open. The toxicity analyses show that the emissions of 2-stroke motorcycle are more toxic than those of 4-stroke motorcycle and automobile.

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49

Hatcher, John. "An Umpolung Approach to the α-Functionalization of Ketones and Aldehydes." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5019.

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<p>The α-alkylation of N-sulfonyl hydrazones via in situ-derived azoalkenes provides an umpolung approach to ketone α-alkylation that has considerable potential with regard to catalysis and the direct incorporation of functionality not amenable to the use of enolate chemistry. Herein, the first Cu(I)-catalyzed addition of Grignard reagents to in situ-derived N-sulfonyl azoalkenes is described. This method is remarkable in its ability to deliver highly sterically hindered compounds that would be difficult or impossible to synthesize via traditional enolate chemistry, including those having up to three contiguous quaternary centers. This method is compatible with a wide variety of α-halo tosylhydrazones, including cyclic and acyclic α-halo tosylhydrazones as well as those derived from both ketones and aldehydes. Also, herein, the first asymmetric organocatalytic sulfenylation of in situ-derived nitrosoalkenes leading to chiral nonracemic α-sulfenylated ketones is described. The transformation proceeds in an umpolung fashion, relative to enolate/azaenolate methods, and uses simple thiols, thereby obviating the need for elecrophilic sulfur reagents. Moreover, excellent ee's were obtained starting from a variety of α-chloro oximes, including cyclic and acyclyic systems. Chiral nonracemic sulfur containing compounds are important both biologically, and in synthetic context through their use as chiral auxiliaries, ligands for metal catalysis, and organocatalysts. Also, herein, the addition of cuprates to α,β-epoxy tosylhydrazones is described. The transformation is operationally simple and efficient and has the unusual feature of giving high syn selectivity, which is opposite of that produced by a simple SN2-type epoxide opening reaction. This method compatible with α,β-epoxy tosylhydrazones with additional α-substitution, which provides access to aldol-like products that would be impossible to make using traditional enolate chemistry. Moreover, this method is compatible with a wide variety of both cyclic and acyclic α,β-epoxy tosylhydrazones, and produces dr's of >20:1.</p><br>Dissertation

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Sheng, Hsieh Chin, and 謝金生. "Studies on the Cyclization Reactions of Diarylcarbazides with Various Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06048575645179493496.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>化學系<br>88<br>In present study, 1,4-diarylcarbazides and 2,4-diarylcarbazides have been synthesized by using α-chloroformylarylhydrazine hydrochloride as a starting material. The cyclization reactions of both carbazides with aldehydes and ketones have also been investigated. There are four major parts in this research summarized as follows: 1. 1,4-Diarylcarbazides can react with ketones to generate 1,2,4-triazolidin-3-one. 2. In acidic condition, 1,4-diarylcabazides can react with 2,3-butanedione to produce 2-aryl-4-phenylamino-4,5-dihydro-2H- 1,2,4-triazin-3-one and the optimal reaction condition has been found. 3. Studies on synthetic reactions of 2,4-diarylcarbazides are presented in details. 4. 2,4-Diarylcarbazides,obtained from the above reactions,can react with aromatic either aldehydes or ketones to produce 1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-ones which are rarely reported in literature. We hope that,through these studies,the special use of diarylcadazides in organic synthesis can be developed.

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