Academic literature on the topic 'Alexander mints'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Alexander mints.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Alexander mints"
1
Taylor, Lloyd Walter Hart. "The Case for Reattribution of the Berytos Alexanders to Byblos." Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia 31 (2022) (June 5, 2022): 55–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7029090.
Full textAbstract:
A tetradrachm die study of the Macedonian imperial coinage attributed to Berytos by Price establishes that this was a compact, yet complex emission struck from seven obverse dies and at least 43 reverse dies. Based on mint controls and their varied placements, seventeen different types are identified in a sequence that is tightly die linked. Forty percent of the types identified are previously undocumented. The coinage has all the hallmarks of a short duration emission from an ephemeral mint. Influences derived from Arados and Sidon are identified in the diversity of iconographic detail and style. It is inferred that resources were possibly drawn from these mints to strike the coinage. One specific iconographic detail on some of the reverse dies is also found on some of the Year 13 dated issues of Sidon otherwise absent on all other Alexander’s struck in Phoenicia. In all likelihood, the coinage was a contemporary of this Sidon issue, struck in association with the transit of the Macedonian royal army from Egypt to the assembly at Triparadeisos. The hoard record of the coinage and its historical context converge to suggest that it was struck at Byblos, a vassal kingdom on the Phoenician coast, rather than Berytos, which at the time was a small port within the territory of the kingdom of Sidon. https://numismatics.org.au/naa-journal/volume-31-2021-2022/
2
Filipova, Svetoslava. "A Coin Hoard from the Village of Kamenik, Kyustendil Region." Bulgarian Numismatic Journal 1, no. 2 (2023): 101–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435446.
Full textAbstract:
The collective coin find from the village of Kamenik contains 135 coins, of which 9 silver (denarii and antoniniani) and 126 provincial bronze coins. It covers the period from AD 154/155 to 254. The provincial bronze coins were struck exclusively in the mints of the Roman province Macedonia in the period 218–249. Coins of Pella, Edessa and Thessalonica are represented, as well as 120 coins struck on behalf of the Macedonian Koinon. The find from the village of Kamenik is unique in its content. At this stage, no other mixed hoard containing silver coins (denarii and antoniniani), and provincial bronze coins produced only by the mints of the province of Macedonia has been recorded on the territory of Bulgaria. The collective find from Kamenik was accumulated in the period AD 231–244 during the reigns of Alexander Severus and Gordian III. The terminus post quem for the deposition of the find is an antoninian of Valerian I (253–260), minted in 254. The reasons for its withdrawal from circultaion, however, were not events of public importance, as indicated by the nature of the hoard and the timing of its accumulation.
3
Taylor, Lloyd Walter Hart. "On the Reattribution of Some Byblos Alexanders to Arados II." American Journal of Numismatics 32 (2020) (December 30, 2020): 31–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5812434.
Full textAbstract:
This study makes the case for the reattribution from Byblos to a second mint at Arados (Arados II) of the coinage of Alexander the Great bearing the ligate AP mint mark. The majority of the early output from this mint was gold staters. Most probably the mint was established to accommodate the expansion of gold coinage production from c. 328/7 BC, while silver Alexandrine coinage remained the priority of the first mint (Arados I), which had its origins in the old Achaemenid mint at Arados. After the initial striking of a substantial gold stater coinage, accompanied by a minor silver tetradrachm mintage, Arados II then issued a sizeable silver tetradrachm coinage. Both mints at Arados produced Macedonian imperial coinage until c. 321/0 BC at which time Arados I ceased operation. Based on the hoard record, it is likely that Arados II continued to strike Alexander tetradrachms until around 301/0 BC when the city passed from Antigonid to Seleukid control following the Battle of Ipsos.
4
Taylor, Lloyd Walter Hart. "The Earliest Alexander III Tetradrachm Coinage of Babylon: Iconographic Development and Chronology." American Journal of Numismatics Second Series 30 (2018) (June 4, 2018): 1–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3759305.
Full textAbstract:
The earliest tetradrachms (Group 1) from the mint of Alexander the Great at Babylon show a rapid progression in the development of iconographic detail, accompanied by a pattern of die use, which taken together indicate that the mint most probably commenced production in 326/5 BC. Group 1 consists of a small, short duration emission bearing the hallmarks of a rapid evolution of iconographic elements and style that laid the foundation for the expansive mint operation responsible for the subsequent Group 2 coinage. The latter was the most prolific of any from the mint. Initially the mint appears to have utilized two die engravers from the earlier Babylonian mint of the satrap Mazaios, supplemented shortly thereafter by die engravers from farther afield, possibly from one of the northern Phoenician, Syrian or Kilikian mints. Group 1 has the characteristics of a brief commissioning stage, lasting four to six months. It represents a modest estimated coined volume of c. 159 Attic talents.
5
Taylor, Lloyd W. H. "Susa mint: 311-301 BC." KOINON: The International Journal of Classical Numismatic Studies 3 (January 1, 2020): 18–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/k.v3i.1129.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is the final component in a trilogy that documents a die study of the large denomination coinage issued from the Susa mint prior to 300 BC. It examines the Alexandrine coinage of Seleukos struck in the period 311/0-304/3BC, prior to the introduction of coinage bearing his own name. Three groups (Groups 5-7) are recognized in this coinage. Groups 5 and 6, bear a laurel wreath symbol, which in the case of Group 6 is accompanied by a range of other symbols. These two groups were struck simultaneously during the Babylonian War in the period c. 311/0-309/8 BC. Group 7 post-dates the Babylonian War. It is characterised by the presence of the anchor symbol, which displaced the laurel wreath as the primary symbol on the coinage. On the last reverse dies of Group 7 this anchor symbol was erased, a phenomenon previously identified on coinage from the mints of Babylon II and Uncertain Mint 6A (Opis), dated to c. 305/4-304/3 BC. This was a synchronous event across Seleukos’s mints operating in Babylonia and Susiana, one that provides a firm chronological peg for the last of the Susa issues (Group 7) in the name of Alexander, an updating of a decade relative to that proposed in Seleucid Coins.
6
Taylor, Lloyd Walter Hart. "Susa mint: 311-301BC." KOINON The International Journal of Classical Numismatic Studies III (November 2, 2020): 18–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7265930.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is the final component in a trilogy that documents a die study of the large denomination coinage issued from the Susa mint prior to 300 BC. It examines the Alexandrine coinage of Seleukos struck in the period 311/0-304/3 BC, prior to the introduction of coinage bearing his own name. Three groups (Groups 5-7) are recognized in this coinage. Groups 5 and 6, bear a laurel wreath symbol, which in the case of Group 6 is accompanied by a range of other symbols. These two groups were struck simultaneously during the Babylonian War in the period c. 311/0-309/8 BC. Group 7 post-dates the Babylonian War. It is characterised by the presence of the anchor symbol, which displaced the laurel wreath as the primary symbol on the coinage. On the last reverse dies of Group 7 this anchor symbol was erased, a phenomenon previously identified on coinage from the mints of Babylon II and Uncertain Mint 6A (Opis), dated to c. 305/4-304/3 BC. This was a synchronous event across Seleukos's mints operating in Babylonia and Susiana, one that provides a firm chronological peg for the last of the Susa issues (Group 7) in the name of Alexander, an updating of a decade relative to that proposed in Seleucid Coins.
7
Taylor, Lloyd Walter Hart. "The Karne Alexanders." Journal of the Numismatic Association of Australia 29, no. 2018-2019 (2019): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3752785.
Full textAbstract:
The northern Phoenician port city of Karne was responsible for three small, short duration emissions of Alexander tetradrachms in the period 327-224 BC. The coinage is rare, represented by a corpus of 29 known examples struck from seven obverse tetradrachm dies paired to 13 reverse dies, plus a single drachm die pair. Series 1 and 2 are Macedonian imperial tetradrachm emissions, struck in the period c. 327-320 BC, separated from each other by up to six years. Series 1 is dated to 327/6 BC based on the presence of iconographic detail identical to that found on the coinage of nearby Arados. Similar reasoning indicates that Series 2 dates to the interval 324/3-321/0 BC. It was possibly struck in 321/0 BC at the direction of Antigonos Monopthalmos, the strategos of Asia, in association with the passage of the Macedonian royal army from Triparadeisos into Asia Minor. Iconographic detail and style suggest that mint workers may have been mobilised from nearby Arados for each of Series 1 and 2, while technical factors, including the identification of what is possibly the first ferrous tetradrachm die in the Alexander series, suggest the alternative possibility that dies were manufactured at nearby Arados and shipped to Karne for the striking of coinage. Series 3 consists of a small emission of tetradrachms and drachms bearing the year 35 date of the Aradian autonomous era (225/4 BC), part of a co-ordinated regional emission, struck as a contribution from the cities of the Aradian Peraia to help finance the invasion of Asia Minor by Seleukos III. http://www.numismatics.org.au/naa-journals/2018/
8
François, de Callataÿ. "On the size of the two massive inflows of monetized precious metals in present day Bulgaria after the return of the Thracians having served for Alexander III and the Diadochi, as well as in the Roman army." Bulgarian Numismatic Journal 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7748375.
Full textAbstract:
From a monetary point of view Bulgaria proves to be surprisingly rich. In the full statistics by countries for Roman hoards Bulgaria comes in fifth position (out of 34) with one hoard for every 130 sq. km. The mid-3rd century is truly the summit of non-recovered deposits in Bulgaria. No less than three quarters (600 out of 800) of all Roman coin hoards found in Bulgaria were buried during the 3rd century. Looking at hoards buried in Bulgaria during Greek times (Fig. 5), one finds two peaks: one during the 4th century BCE, but actually concentrated at the end of the century, which may be linked with the return of Thracian auxiliaries having served in the army of Alexander the Great, and a second one, more spectacular, at the end of the 2nd century and the first half of the 1st century, which may be linked with the return of Thracian auxiliaries having served primarily in the Roman Republican army. With more than 150 hoards in a few decades, the last third of the 4th century BCE is thus the first massive phenomenon of hoarding in Bulgaria. It came with Alexander the Great, first through his northern campaign but much more through the Thracian auxiliaries which came back in their homelands at the end of their services. For the last part of the 4th century BCE, Bulgaria and Romania absorbed nearly one half (44%) of all the occurrences for gold Alexander the Great’s coin hoards, more than three times what could be found for Macedonia or continental Greece. Thracian auxiliaries at that time preferred gold with the two Hellespontic mints of Abydus and Lampsacus favouring the production of staters while the mints of Asia Minor concentrated on drachms. The second moment of major flow of monetized precious metals into Bulgaria came two centuries later with a peak during the last decade of the 2nd century and the three first decades of the 1st century BCE. It includes a variety of coinages: the explicitly Roman tetradrachms of the First Meris of Macedonia and those in the name of Aesillas, the civic tetradrachms of Thasos and Maroneia, the drachms of Dyrrachion and Apollonia, the Athenian stephanephoroi. The circulation pattern differs from one coinage to another: the tetradrachms of the First Meris of Macedonia were found in the western north as the Roman Republican denarii (Vratsa Province) while the tetradrachms in the name of the Thasians were massively found in the provinces of Shumen and Stara Zagora. None is concentrated on the seashore. To sum up, modern Bulgaria is this area which has three times produced an accumulation of coin deposits like no other region at the same time and for which a military cause can each time be clearly identified. These three massive burials have been caused by: 1) the return of Thracian auxiliaries having served under Alexander the Great and later on — the Diadochi; 2) the return of Thracian auxiliaries having served the Roman Republican army, and 3) the unrest of the 240s culminating in the battle of Abritus in 251 CE. These coinages have been extensively studied and we do have a die-study for most of them (Table 1). This allows to settle the original number of obverse dies, how much it makes in talents for an average productivity of 20,000 coins per obverse die, and the yearly average in talents. Thereafter, some estimations of the size of the inflow of monetized precious metals brought by Thracian auxiliaries could be suggested: ca. 50,000 talents of Attic silver reached the area in the early Hellenistic times (Fig. 11), and for the late Hellenistic, as a working hypothesis, ca. 15,000 talents, adding the Roman Republican denarii and the drachms of Apollonia (Fig. 12).
9
Doychinova, Marina, and Boika Zlateva. "XRF Analysis of Silver Coins Part from Coin Hoard from Sofia (CCCHBulg IX, Serdica III): Preliminary Report." Bulgarian Numismatic Journal 1, no. 2 (2023): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435394.
Full textAbstract:
This preliminary report focuses on the results of a pXRF archaeometric analysis of 25 specimens of Roman silver coins from a coin hoard known as Serdica III (Sofia 3). The analysis was performed by using a portable XRF spectrometer (X-ray fluorescence, S – Bruker Titan S1 Gold). The results reveal differing content of the following major elements: silver, copper, lead, and tin. The coins were minted in the period between the second half of the 1st century until the 3rd century AD. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis has become a standard method in numismatic and archaeological science due to its non-invasive and non-destructive nature. This technique has extensively been used for the study of numismatic collections since the data derived from it can be correlatedwith manufacturing processes, the provenance of raw materials, and the geographical distribution of ancient mints. The objective is to trace the amount of silver, as well as other elements in the alloy. The analytical data obtained by the XRF method are statistically estimated. The preliminary evaluation of the coins indicated that the highest silver content varied as follows: the coins minted in the time of Vespasian, contained 94.2% while those for Trajan and Hadrian contained 90.3 % The lowest concentration was found in the coins of Julia Maesa (53.8 %), Severus Alexander (49.3 and 51 %) and Julia Mamaea – 53 %.
10
Kamil, Alan C. "The Minds of Birds Alexander F. Skutch." Condor 99, no. 3 (1997): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1370502.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Alexander mints"
1
Barbosa, Faber Clayton. "Pitangui entre Impérios : conquistas e partidos de poder nos sertões Oeste das Minas Gerais, 1720-1765." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFOP, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/5851.
Full textAbstract:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em História. Departamento de História, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.<br>Submitted by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2015-11-26T16:37:54Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5)
DISSERTAÇÃO_PitanguiImpériosConquistas.pdf: 3610142 bytes, checksum: 9f618ee7c26941c0d6467060b698765e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Gracilene Carvalho (gracilene@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2015-11-26T18:27:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5)
DISSERTAÇÃO_PitanguiImpériosConquistas.pdf: 3610142 bytes, checksum: 9f618ee7c26941c0d6467060b698765e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-26T18:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5)
DISSERTAÇÃO_PitanguiImpériosConquistas.pdf: 3610142 bytes, checksum: 9f618ee7c26941c0d6467060b698765e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015<br>Os sertões do Oeste da capitania de Minas Gerais foram o espaço escolhido por
experientes lideranças paulistas para a realização de novas conquistas de riquezas e
poder entre o final do século XVII e o início do século XVIII. Destaca-se no espaço
desses mesmos sertões, o surgimento da vila de Pitangui, palco da ocorrência de
marcantes ações políticas de poderosos paulistas na defesa de suas riquezas e de seus
privilégios de conquistadores obtidos em função do aumento do reino luso. Ações
políticas essas que interagiram e convergiram com as disputas estabelecidas entre os
próprios reinos ibéricos na conformação de suas fronteiras na América do Sul, durante o
século XVIII. Esse trabalho pretende analisar a influência desse universo político na
construção do espaço e nas relações de poderes na vila de Pitangui entre 1720-1765.
Período marcado pelo fim dos primeiros motins e a eclosão de novas rivalidades entre
os poderosos locais, que resultaram no acirramento entre os chamados partido dos
Castelhanos e partido dos Portugueses entre 1759-1765. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br>ABSTRACT: The hinterlands of western Minas Gerais captaincy was the space chosen by
experienced leaders from São Paulo to carry out new achievements of wealth and power
between the late seventeenth century and early eighteenth century. It stands out in the
space of those hinterlands, the emergence of Pitangui village, scene of the occurrence of
striking São Paulo powerful political action in defense of their wealth and their
conquerors privileges obtained due to the increase of the Portuguese kingdom. Political
actions such that converged and interacted with disputes established between
themselves Iberian kingdoms in the formation of its borders in South America during
the eighteenth century. This work aims to analyze the influence of this political world in
the construction of space and relationships of power in Pitangui village between 1720-
1765. Period marked by the end of the first riots and the emergence of new rivalries
among powerful local, that resulted in the intensification of the so-called party of the
Castilians and the Portuguese party between 1759-1765.
2
Barbosa, Eny Arruda. "A obra de Walmir Alexandre na série Meninas de Minas: investigação do processo de produção de esculturas em cerâmica." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4160.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-06T10:08:46Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Eny Arruda Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 11214817 bytes, checksum: 68598ac75439704ea76da799c70a6cbd (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-19T12:36:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Eny Arruda Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 11214817 bytes, checksum: 68598ac75439704ea76da799c70a6cbd (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-19T12:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Eny Arruda Barbosa - 2014.pdf: 11214817 bytes, checksum: 68598ac75439704ea76da799c70a6cbd (MD5)
license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-08-27<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG<br>This dissertation is the result of an investigation about the Walmir Alexandre’s work from the series "Girls from Minas". Its main goal is to identify the elements of inspiration and themes that motivated the montesclarense artist to make his sculptures, as well as representative features of the work. To achieve the expected results, the study was divided into three chapters: the first, I present a brief history of the artist Walmir Alexandre’s life and work, showing his techniques work, artistic trends and material used for the preparation of his works art, seeking to understand how his work is developed and its relationship to the works as a creator; in the second chapter, I wonder about the Walmir Alexandre’s works from the emergence of gender representations, making an analogy between some ceramic works, with emphasis on the sacred and on the profane elements of these representations that escape this discourse; the third chapter, I make a reflection and analysis of the "Girls from Minas" series, contextualizing the topic in question with other authors and artists who used the female figure and her sensuality as inspiration for the creation of their works. Are also highlighted in the work of visuality marked Walmir Alexandre and the presence of potters that use this technique nowadays. The allegorical way of giving a new format is a natural tendency of the artist. The peculiar look about the riches of the land of Minas, its people, roots, is resignified by the delicacy of poetic information of figures.<br>Esta dissertação de mestrado é o resultado de uma investigação sobre a obra do artista Walmir Alexandre a partir da série “Meninas de Minas”. Tendo como objetivo principal, identificar os elementos de inspiração e temas que motivaram o artista montesclarense na confecção de suas esculturas, bem como os aspectos representativos da obra. Para alcançar os resultados esperados, o estudo foi dividido em três capítulos: no primeiro, apresento um breve histórico sobre a vida e a obra do artista Walmir Alexandre, mostrando suas técnicas de trabalho, tendências artísticas e material utilizado para a elaboração de suas obras de arte, buscando compreender como é desenvolvido o seu trabalho e a sua relação com as obras enquanto criador; no segundo capítulo, discorro sobre as obras de Walmir Alexandre a partir do surgimento das representações de gênero, fazendo uma analogia entre algumas obras em cerâmica, com ênfase no sacro, no profano e nos elementos dessas representações que escapam desse discurso; no terceiro capítulo, faço uma reflexão e análise sobre a série “Meninas de Minas”, contextualizando o tema em questão com outros autores e artistas que utilizaram a figura feminina e sua sensualidade como inspiração para a criação de suas obras. São destacadas, também, a visualidade marcada na obra de Walmir Alexandre e a presença de ceramistas que utilizam essa técnica na contemporaneidade. A maneira alegórica de dar um novo formato é uma tendência natural do artista. O olhar peculiar acerca das riquezas das terras de Minas, de sua gente, suas raízes, é resignificada pela delicadeza das informações poéticas das figuras.
3
Ambuske, James Patrick. "Minting America coinage and the contestation of American identity, 1775-1800 /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1164981401.
Full text
4
Kraevska, Sofia. "Terra Mirabilis: A Composition for Symphony Orchestra in Three Movements." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/199.
Full textAbstract:
Terra Mirabilis is a three-movement musical composition for symphony orchestra with piano solo inspired by natural landscapes photographed by the composer. The three movement composition and its corresponding landscapes portray three times of a day: early morning (I. The Mists), evening (II. Oceanus), and late night (III. Nocturne). Each chapter is devoted to the discussion of one movement, wherein overall concept and form are addressed, followed by detailed analyses of harmonic structure, motivic and thematic development, orchestration, and representational elements. As a complement to the score and the text, a CD-R audio recording of orchestral mock-ups accompanies this dissertation.
Books on the topic "Alexander mints"
2
Germany) Agricola-Kolloquium (4th 1984 Freiberg. Alexander von Humboldt (1769 bis 1859): Vortrage des 4. Agricola-Kolloquiums der Bergakademie Freiberg anlasslich des 125. Todestages von Alexander von Humboldt im Jahre 1984. VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, 1985.
Find full text
3
McCraw, John (John D.) and Central Stories Museum & Art Gallery, eds. Alexandra: Exploring the town's heritage. Central Stories Museum & Art Gallery, 2007.
Find full text
4
McCraw, John. Mountain water & river gold: Stories of gold mining in the Alexandra District. Square One Press, 2000.
Find full text
5
J, Alexander C., ed. A stake in the future: redefining the Canadian mineral industry / by Mary Louise McAllister and Cynthia Jacqueline Alexander. UBC Press, 1997.
Find full text
8
Alexander Fleming: The Man Who Discovered Penicillin (Great Minds of Science). Enslow Publishers, 2002.
Find full text
10
Castlemaine: From camp to city : a pictorial history of Forest Creek & the Mount Alexander Goldfields, 1835-1900. Five Mile Press, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Alexander mints"
1
McCulloch, Jock, and Pavla Miller. "The Career of A. J. Orenstein: 1914–1960." In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_12.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe career of Alexander J. Orenstein, widely regarded as the founder of South Africa’s occupational medicine, exemplifies the complex relationship between the gold industry and scientific research. As Superintendent of Sanitation for Rand Mines Ltd, Orenstein dominated mine medicine in the period from 1914 until the mid-1960s. According to the conventional wisdom, he saved the lives of thousands of black migrant workers by improving hygiene, nutrition, accommodation, medical care and access to compensation. This chapter supplements the conventional account by a darker story. During his long career, Orenstein worked tirelessly to erase from public debate the knowledge accumulated by South African scientists in the period before his appointment in 1914. In dealing with questions about the origins and management of tuberculosis, Orenstein racialised the science to a far greater degree than did any of his contemporaries. He did so by using notions of racial weakness to override the play of well-established environmental factors such as dust exposure, malnutrition and unhygienic compounds to explain the incidence of tuberculosis among migrant miners. While often challenged, Orenstein’s preferred approach to repatriations, the health education of black workers and their families and the provision of sanatoria in labour-sending regions remained largely unchanged until after the Leon Commission in 1994.
2
Lichocka, Barbara. "Delta–epsilon issues of Elagabalus and Severus Alexander." In Classica Orientalia. Essays presented to Wiktor Andrzej Daszewski on his 75th Birthday. DiG Publisher, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.37343/pcma.uw.dig.9788371817212.pp.287-323.
Full textAbstract:
The paper sums up the discoveries of delta–epsilon issues of the Roman emperors Elagabalus and Severus Alexander, altogether 102 coins representing small and medium change (a detailed tabular catalogue is attached), from excavations at various sites in Cyprus, as well as several dozen coins of unknown provenance in museum collections. There is sound reason to believe that this type was a local issue struck in Cyprus for use in the province and not for distribution outside it. However, it is equally possible that the coins were struck in Syria and coin flow between Cyprus and Syria and Palestine on both directions has been confirmed for the times of the Severan dynasty by finds belonging to different issues. The paper considers other possible reasons for the concentration of coin finds of this type in Cyprus, especially Kourion, as well as a similar large group found at Dura Europos in Syria. One possible reason was ensuring that enough small and medium change was in local supply to cover soldiers' pay, a requirement that was as much political as economic. The coins of Elagabalus could have been minted at Laodicea ad Mare, but they could also have been produced in Cyprus from Cypriot copper and sent out to Syria. With regard to the coins struck for Severus Alexander, they seem to have been made in Cyprus, but the variations in fabric, inscriptions, lettering and details of design indicate more than one workshop involved in this production, while the specimens of low weight and minuscule dimensions even suggest that this production not always took place in the official mints.
3
Sheedy, Kenneth A. "Following the Persians: Alexander the Great, his Mints at Tarsus and Babylon, and the Minting Practices of Persian and Greek Satraps." In Byzantium to China: Religion, History and Culture on the Silk Roads. BRILL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004517981_025.
Full text
4
"Mists in Peru." In Alexander von Humboldt. The American Philosophical Society Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70249/9781606180198-114.
Full text
5
Doufikar-Aerts, Faustina. "Alexander in Medieval Arab Minds." In A History of Alexander the Great in World Culture. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781316711798.015.
Full text
6
Bodzek, Jarosław, Ludmila Nosova, and Evgenia F. Redina. "REMARKS ON THE LAST COINAGE OF OLBIA PONTICA." In Essays in Ancient Art and Archaeology in Honour of Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2024. https://doi.org/10.12797/9788383681924.23.
Full textAbstract:
Olbia, founded in the 7th century BC, produced its coinage from the 6th century BC onwards. At the end of the 2nd century AD, the city became part of the Moesia Inferior province. In the first quarter of the 3rd century AD, Olbia minted two series of coins, the first for Septimius Severus and the second for Severus Alexander. The aim of the article is to verify the current findings about the Olbian coinage of Severus Alexander. The discussion will focus on the dating, denomination system and iconography of Olbia’s coinage during this period. The issue from Alexander’s time consisted of five types representing four denominations. The tetrassaria, diassaria and assaria had a portrait of the emperor on the obverse, while the obverses of triassaria (two types) bear the image of Julia Mamaea. The reverses of individual types feature motifs known mostly from the coinage of other centres of Moesia Inferior as well as Bithynia and Pontus. Some motifs on the reverses referred to local traditions. Larger denominations had value markings. Both issues minted under Septimius Severus and those from the time of Severus Alexander were produced for practical and demonstrative purposes. The series of coins by Severus Alexander ended the history of the Olbian mint.
7
"On the Temperature of the different Mines in America." In Alexander von Humboldt. The American Philosophical Society Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70249/9781606180174-069.
Full text
8
Howes, Anton. "‘Society of Snobs’." In Arts and Minds. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182643.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter refers to William Shipley, who had benefited from the aid of the Royal Society of Arts' first two presidents, Viscount Folkestone and Lord Romney, for his visions to be taken seriously and initiate the Great Exhibition. It points out how the Society capitalised on the credit it got for initiating the Great Exhibition in the 1950s and used that reputation to push for reforms. The chapter talks about the “Albert Medal” that commemorates the death of Prince Albert and was awarded to people who had done much to aid arts, manufactures, and commerce. It mentions Rowland Hill as the first recipient of the Albert Medal for his campaign to create the Penny Postage system. It also explains how the awarding of the Albert Medal each year allowed the Society to associate itself with household names or recognise its own activists, such as Henry Cole or John Alexander Milne.
9
Fant, Clyde E., and Mitchell G. Reddish. "Amphipolis." In A Guide to Biblical Sites in Greece and Turkey. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139174.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
The modern, small village of Amphipolis belies the importance of the ancient city whose name it bears. Located strategically along the Strymon River and on the Via Egnatia, Amphipolis was one of the most important cities of Macedonia in antiquity. The site of ancient Amphipolis is located between Thessaloniki and Kavala, about 65 miles east of Thessaloniki. From highway E90 there are signs that point the way to Amphipolis. The ancient city sits on a bend on the east bank of the Strymon River, surrounded by the river on three sides. This geographical feature gave rise to the name of the city, since Amphipolis means “around the city.” The site was originally settled by Thracians, who called their settlement Ennea Hodoi, meaning “Nine Ways” or “Nine Roads,” indicating the importance of the location as a crossroads for travel and trade routes. After several failed attempts the Athenians captured the area and founded the city of Amphipolis on the site of Ennea Hodoi in 437 B.C.E. under the leadership of Hagnon. In 424 B.C.E. the city came under Spartan control. Amphipolis was an important city both because of its strategic location on the Strymon River only 3 miles from the Aegean Sea and because of its rich natural resources of agriculture (wine, oil, and wood) and precious metals (especially gold from the mines on Mt. Pangaion). In spite of repeated attempts by the Athenians to recapture the city, Amphipolis remained a free city until its capture by Philip II of Macedon in 358–357 B.C.E. During the time of Macedonian rule, Amphipolis became one of the leading cities in the region. It was one of six cities chosen by Alexander the Great where large, costly temples were built. The city also played a significant role in Alexander’s military conquests. For example, the city and the surrounding area served as the staging ground for the beginning of Alexander’s conquest of Asia. After Alexander’s death his wife Roxane and their young son, Alexander IV, were exiled to Amphipolis. After the Roman victory at Pydna in 168 B.C.E., which effectively ended Macedonian rule, Amphipolis, along with the rest of Macedonia, became a Roman possession.
10
Mielczarek, Mariusz. "Money as an Instrument of War in the Ancient Greek World until the End of the Hellenistic Period." In Tools of war. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8331-461-7.05.
Full textAbstract:
Homer was convinced that peace between states promoted wealth. In Greece during the archaic period, people realised that financial resources were necessary to wage war. They knew that war had to be paid for, although in the 6th century BC, a citizen of the polis was obliged to arm himself at his own expense. Over time, the idea that money was necessary to go to war became fully established. In light of archaeological finds, we are entitled to believe that since the creation of the coin at the end of the 7th century BC in Asia Minor, money was quickly used to pay soldiers’ wages – the coin was a practical means of payment, the quality of which was guaranteed by the issuer with his mark. It cannot be ruled out that the need to pay soldiers was one of the factors that influenced the production and distribution of coins, which may be confirmed by a find from Sardis, where a coin was found next to the body of a soldier. A text written by Alcaeus in the 6th century BC informs us that he was given 2000 Lydian staters for the army. The need to pay mercenaries encouraged the spread of coin production. Coin money became an excellent ‘argument’ when the enlistment of mercenaries was necessary. Thus, money and war became fused. The opinion of Pericles (495–425) relating to the Peloponnesian War 495 – 429 BC (as recorded by Thucydides) is symptomatic, testifying that in the 5th century BC money was a ‘natural’ tool of war. In the 5th century BC, paying mercenary soldiers was commonplace, thus money was used to influence decisions relating to the number of troops and the timing of their use (mainly in relation to mercenaries). During the Peloponnesian War, an Athenian hoplite fighting at the Potidaea received one drachma per day (plus an allowance for ‘servants’ of one drachma). The Peloponnesian War, fought between Athens and Sparta in the years 431– 404, provides an example of another wartime custom, i.e., the issuing of replacement currency. The long-standing conflict between Athens and Sparta forced the Athenians to issue money to replace the well-reputed ‘owls’ when silver was in short supply. In Demosthenes’ speech from 351 BC we find evidence that the idea of conscious accumulation of money for war purposes was commonly accepted. In order to pay the army, temples and their treasuries were plundered (in ancient Greece, temples conducted business). From the 4th century BC onwards, the confiscation of temples’ resources to raise money for war became the norm. This change was brought about by an increase in the number of mercenary soldiers, which, in turn, was also associated with the need for longer war campaigns. These troops had to be paid for their service, indicating that money had become a tool of war. While Plato pointed out that war and money are closely linked to each other, Aristotle developed this idea even further by stating that war was the art of earning money. One particular example of when coins became a tool of war was the operations of the mint at Tarsus – it is believed that the money produced there was intended for Greek mercenaries in Persian service. It is worth recalling that, according to Arrian’s account of Alexander III of Macedon (356–323) expedition to the East, Greek soldiers were worth the money they were paid for their service. Alexander III of Macedon (336–323), following in Philip II’s (357–336) footsteps, set off for Asia with scant, but well-calculated, funds at his disposal. When his general Parmenion (c. 400–330) captured the city of Damascus (where the Persian king Darius III (336–330) had established his quarters) and discovered a vast supply of bullion there, a mint was accordingly established. This mint operated from 330–320 BC and produced coins (at least in part) for military purposes. The quality of Alexander III’s coins was one of the factors that determined their popularity. During the Hellenistic period, the Ptolemaic army and the Seleucid army already had a ‘professional’ nature. Actions that were in line with the view that money had become a tool of war also involved establishing mints in places where none had previously existed. Since Cretan mercenaries (mainly archers) were highly valued, they were used in battles in various regions of the Greek world. At the end of their contract they would return to Crete. Consequently, in the 5th century BC, coins from the Cyclades, Greece proper, western Asia Minor and, in the 4th century, also from Cyrenaica, were re-minted into coinage of the Cretan centres. In this group, the situation of Rhodes coins minted in Crete is special. The presence of Rhodian soldiers on the island was associated with the economic expansion of Rhodes. The Rhodian money with which the mercenaries were paid became so popular that the island began to issue coins imitating Rhodian coins. A tool of war thus became part of the local economy. A considerable amount of Seleucid bronze coins from the end of the 3rd century BC in Thrace is the result of the stay of a large army of Antiochus III the Great (241–187) in that area, which was paid with Seleucid money. Consequently, there were so many Seleucid coins in Thrace that they were accepted on the local money market. Once again, in a different situation, money became a tool of war. A large proportion of Ptolemaic bronze coins from the 3rd century BC minted in Alexandria and Cyprus and found in Greece proper are the result of the Ptolemaic soldiers’ stay there and the Ptolemaic subsidies being transferred to Greece by the first three Ptolemies in connection with local armed conflicts. However, with regard to Ptolemaic Egypt, we have epigraphic material proving that mercenaries from the Black Sea – soldiers of the armies of the Bosporan rulers – served in the Ptolemaic army. This may explain the presence of Ptolemaic coins on the Bosporus. Money earned in Egypt was spent on the Bosporus. This is an indication that paying mercenaries influenced the transfer of coins in various directions, sometimes even far from the place of their issuance. Money became a trans regional tool of war at that time.
Reports on the topic "Alexander mints"
1
Rich, Megan, Charles Beightol, Christy Visaggi, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Vicksburg National Military Park: Paleontological resource inventory (sensitive version). National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297321.
Full textAbstract:
Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK) was established for its historical significance as a one of the principle military sieges resulting in a turning point during the American Civil War. The steep terrain around the city of Vicksburg was integral in the military siege, providing high vantage points and a substrate that was easy to entrench for the armies, but unknown to many is the fossil content, particularly a diversity of fossil mollusks. These fossils at VICK are important paleontological resources which have yet to receive focused attention from park staff, visitors, and researchers. The park’s geology is dominated by windblown silt from the last Ice Age which overlays river-transported gravels and bedrock of the late Oligocene–early Miocene-age Catahoula Formation or early Oligocene Vicksburg Group. The park is home to the type section (a geological reference locality upon which a formation is based) for the Mint Spring Formation, one of the most fossiliferous formations in this group (Henderson et al. 2022). Beginning roughly 32 million years ago (Dockery 2019), the early Oligocene deposits of the Vicksburg Group were deposited as the sea level along the Gulf Coast shore repeatedly rose and fell. The eponymously named Vicksburg Group is comprised of, from oldest to youngest, the Forest Hill, Mint Spring, Marianna Limestone, Glendon Limestone, Byram, and Bucatunna Formations. Each of these formations are within VICK’s boundaries, in addition to outcrops of the younger Catahoula Formation. Paleozoic fossils transported by the ancestral Mississippi River have also been redeposited within VICK as pre-loess stream gravels. Overlying these layers is the Quaternary-age silt which composes the loess found throughout VICK, meaning the park’s fossils span the entire Phanerozoic Eon. The fossils of VICK consist mostly of near-shore marine Oligocene invertebrates including corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, ostracods, and more, though terrestrial and freshwater snails of the loess, microfossils, plant fossils, occasional vertebrates, and others can also be found in the park. Notable historical figures such as Charles Alexandre Lesueur, Charles Lyell, and John Wesley Powell all collected fossils or studied geology in the Vicksburg area. The Vicksburg Group is culturally relevant as well, as the Glendon Limestone Formation has been identified by its embedded fossils as a source rock for Native American effigy pipes. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for VICK. Although Vicksburg fossils have most recently been studied as part of the Gulf Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network (Kenworthy et al. 2007), the park has never received a comprehensive, dedicated fossil inventory before this report. At least 27 fossil species, listed in Appendix B, have been named and described from specimens collected from within VICK’s lands, and VICK fossils can be found at six or more non-NPS museum repositories. Beginning in January 2022, field surveys were undertaken at VICK, covering nearly all the park’s wooded areas, streams, and other portions beyond the preserved trenches and tour road. Fossils were collected or observed at 72 localities. These specimens will be added into VICK’s museum collections, which previously contained no paleontological resources. Considering the minimal attention dedicated to these resources in the past, these newly acquired fossil specimens may be used in the future for educational, interpretive, or research purposes. Future park construction needs should take into account the protection of these resources by avoiding important localities or allowing collection efforts before localities become inaccessible or lost.