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Relevant bibliographies by topics / ALF(Acute Liver Failure)

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Academic literature on the topic 'ALF(Acute Liver Failure)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ALF(Acute Liver Failure)"

1

Rajaram, Priyanka, and Ram Subramanian. "Acute Liver Failure." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 05 (October 2018): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1673372.

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AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is a condition that can rapidly progress to multiorgan failure. This article focuses on the diagnosis and management of ALF. We provide a detailed review of the common etiologies of ALF, including acetaminophen overdose, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, Wilson's disease, and autoimmune hepatitis. The article then addresses how to recognize ALF and reviews the role of common laboratory and imaging tests in establishing this diagnosis. The remainder of the article details the management of hepatic and extrahepatic organ dysfunctions in ALF. The article concludes with a discussion regarding the prognostication of patients with ALF and the criteria for considering liver transplantation.

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Kanda, Tatsuo, Reina Sasaki-Tanaka, Tomotaka Ishii, Hayato Abe, Masahiro Ogawa, and Hirayuki Enomoto. "Acute Liver Failure and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in COVID-19 Era." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 4249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144249.

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3

Punzalan, Carmi S., and Curtis T. Barry. "Acute Liver Failure." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 31, no. 10 (July 9, 2016): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066615609271.

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Acute liver failure is life threatening liver injury with coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy within 26 weeks and generally, in the absence of preexisting liver disease. Fulminant liver failure occurs when hepatic encephalopathy occurs within 8 weeks of jaundice. The majority of patients with ALF are women with the median age of 38 years. In the United States, drug induced liver injury including acetaminophen causes the majority of ALF cases. The etiology of ALF should be determined, if possible, because many causes have a specific treatment. The mainstay for ALF is supportive care and liver transplantation, if necessary. There are multiple prognostic criteria available. Prognosis can be poor and patients should be referred to a liver transplantation center as soon as possible.

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Bunchorntavakul, Chalermrat. "Acute liver failure." Thai Journal of Hepatology 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30856/th.jhep2018vol1iss1_63.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life threatening condition defined by the evidence of hepatic injury, jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy in a patient without preexisting cirrhosis and with an illness duration of <26 weeks. The etiologies of ALF are heterogeneous: viral hepatitis being the most common in the East, whereas drug-induced, particularly acetaminophen, being the most common in the West. Over the past decades, the outcomes of ALF have been improving with early recognition and prompt initiation of etiology-specific therapy (especially N-acetylcysteine), complex intensive care protocols and urgent liver transplantation (LT). The most commonly used prognostic scoring systems include King’s College Criteria (more specific) and MELD (more sensitive). Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension are reasons for high morbidity and mortality in the early phase; hypertonic saline is suggested for patients with high-risk for developing intracranial hypertension (ICH) and when ICH develops, mannitol is recommended as first-line therapy. Bacterial and fungal infections are very common necessitating strict preventive measures, careful surveillance and prompt aggressive antimicrobial therapy. Acute kidney injury develops in 50-70% of patients; mostly reversible in survivors and temporary dialysis is required in about 30% of cases. Overall 1-year survival after LT has been reported to be lower in patients with ALF as compared to those with cirrhosis; however following the first year this trend has been to be reversed and ALF patients have a better long-term survival. Extracorporeal liver support system, such as albumin dialysis and plasmapheresis, may serve as a bridge to LT and may increase LT-free survival in select cases.

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Bunchorntavaku, Chalermrat l. "Acute liver failure." Thai Journal of Hepatology 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30856/th.jhep2018vol1iss1_001.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life threatening condition defined by the evidence of hepatic injury, jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy in a patient without preexisting cirrhosis and with an illness duration of <26 weeks. The etiologies of ALF are heterogeneous: viral hepatitis being the most common in the East, whereas drug-induced, particularly acetaminophen, being the most common in the West. Over the past decades, the outcomes of ALF have been improving with early recognition and prompt initiation of etiology-specific therapy (especially N-acetylcysteine), complex intensive care protocols and urgent liver transplantation (LT). The most commonly used prognostic scoring systems include King’s College Criteria (more specific) and MELD (more sensitive). Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension are reasons for high morbidity and mortality in the early phase; hypertonic saline is suggested for patients with high-risk for developing intracranial hypertension (ICH) and when ICH develops, mannitol is recommended as first-line therapy. Bacterial and fungal infections are very common necessitating strict preventive measures, careful surveillance and prompt aggressive antimicrobial therapy. Acute kidney injury develops in 50-70% of patients; mostly reversible in survivors and temporary dialysis is required in about 30% of cases. Overall 1-year survival after LT has been reported to be lower in patients with ALF as compared to those with cirrhosis; however following the first year this trend has been to be reversed and ALF patients have a better long-term survival. Extracorporeal liver support system, such as albumin dialysis and plasmapheresis, may serve as a bridge to LT and may increase LT-free survival in select cases. Figure 1 CT brain ของผู้ป่วยเพศหญิง อายุ 22 ปี มีภาวะ ตับวายเฉียบพลันจากยา แรกรับมี encephalopathy grade III CT brain พบ mild cerebral edema with loss of sulci and gyri, blurring of grey - white junctions and mild narrowing of ventricles (A) 3 วันหลังเข้ารับการรักษา ในโรงพยาบาล ผู้ป่วยมีอาการแย่ลง encephalopathy grade IV, sluggish pupillary response to light both eyes: CT brain พบ progression of cerebral edema, loss of grey-white junctions and brain herniation (B)

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6

Bunchorntavakul, Chalermrat. "Acute liver failure." Thai Journal of Hepatology 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30856/th.jhep2018vol1iss1_01.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life threatening condition defined by the evidence of hepatic injury, jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy in a patient without preexisting cirrhosis and with an illness duration of <26 weeks. The etiologies of ALF are heterogeneous: viral hepatitis being the most common in the East, whereas drug-induced, particularly acetaminophen, being the most common in the West. Over the past decades, the outcomes of ALF have been improving with early recognition and prompt initiation of etiology-specific therapy (especially N-acetylcysteine), complex intensive care protocols and urgent liver transplantation (LT). The most commonly used prognostic scoring systems include King’s College Criteria (more specific) and MELD (more sensitive). Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension are reasons for high morbidity and mortality in the early phase; hypertonic saline is suggested for patients with high-risk for developing intracranial hypertension (ICH) and when ICH develops, mannitol is recommended as first-line therapy. Bacterial and fungal infections are very common necessitating strict preventive measures, careful surveillance and prompt aggressive antimicrobial therapy. Acute kidney injury develops in 50-70% of patients; mostly reversible in survivors and temporary dialysis is required in about 30% of cases. Overall 1-year survival after LT has been reported to be lower in patients with ALF as compared to those with cirrhosis; however following the first year this trend has been to be reversed and ALF patients have a better long-term survival. Extracorporeal liver support system, such as albumin dialysis and plasmapheresis, may serve as a bridge to LT and may increase LT-free survival in select cases. Figure 1 CT brain ของผู้ป่วยเพศหญิง อายุ 22 ปี มีภาวะตับวายเฉียบพลันจากยา แรกรับมี encephalopathy grade III CT brain พบ mild cerebral edema with loss of sulciand gyri, blurring of grey - white junctions and mild narrowing of entricles (A) 3 วันหลังเข้ารับการรักษาในโรงพยาบาล ผู้ป่วยมีอาการแย่ลง encephalopathy grade IV, sluggish pupillary response to light botheyes: CT brain พบ progression of cerebral edema, loss of grey-white junctions and brain herniation (B)

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7

Mazumder, Md Wahiduzzaman, Fahmida Begum, and ASM Bazlul Karim. "Acute Liver Failure : Management Update." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 41, no. 1 (August 20, 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v41i1.33636.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but challenging clinical syndrome with multiple causes; about 50% of pediatric cases a specific etiology cannot be identified. The course of ALF is variable and the mortality rate is high. Liver transplantation is the only therapy of proven benefit, but the rapidity of progression and the variable course of ALF limit its use. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach and is directed at establishing the etiology where possible and monitoring, anticipating, and managing the multisystem complications that occur in children with ALF. Excellent intensive care is critical in management of patients with ALF. Nonspecific therapies are of unproven benefit. Future possible therapeutic approaches include N-acetylcysteine, hypothermia, liver assist devices, and hepatocyte transplantation. Advances in stem cell research may allow provision of cells for bioartificial liver support. ALF presents many challenging opportunities in both clinical and basic research.Bangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (1) :53-59

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Adukauskienė, Dalia, Ilona Dockienė, Rima Naginienė, Egidijus Kėvelaitis, Juozas Pundzius, and Limas Kupčinskas. "Acute liver failure in Lithuania." Medicina 44, no. 7 (July 9, 2008): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44070069.

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Objectives. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening condition that can rapidly progress into coma and death due to the cerebral edema and multi-organ dysfunction. The ALF etiology and risk factors have been investigated inWest Europe, North America, and Asia; however, there are still no published data about the causes and prognosis of ALF in Central and East European countries. The aim of our study was to analyze the causes, outcomes, and prognostic factors of ALF in patients referred to tertiary care center in Lithuania. Material and methods. A total of 28 consecutive patients admitted to the tertiary care center (one of two university-level medical centers in Lithuania) over the period of January 1996 and December 2004 and who fulfilled the entry criteria of ALF (presence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and prothrombin international normalized ratio (INR) >1.5) were included into a prospective study. Results. In our study the most frequent causes of ALF were acute viral hepatitis B (21.4 %), drug-induced hepatitis (21.4%), and indeterminate hepatitis (17.9%); other etiologies included Budd-Chiari syndrome (10.7%), ischemic hepatitis (10.7%), Wilson’s disease (7.1%), Amanita phalloides-induced liver damage (3.6%), acute fatty liver of pregnancy (3.6%), and malignant infiltration of the liver (3.6%). Among patients with drug-induced liver injury, only one case of acetaminophen poisoning was diagnosed. Clinical status of 9 persons in all patients with ALF corresponded to criteria for liver transplantation (LT) (one liver transplantation was performed), 6 of them had contraindications, and 13 patients did not fulfill requirements for urgent LT. The patients’ survival rate in these groups was 11.1%, 16.7% and 69.2%, respectively. In 27 nontransplanted patients univariate analysis revealed the grade of HE on the day of enrolment, total serumbilirubin, pH, and prothrombin INR as risk factors for death fromALF.Multivariate logistic regressive analysis determined only prothrombin INR >3.24 and serum pH £7.29 as independent predictors of lethal outcome in ALF. Conclusions. Acute viral hepatitis B, drug-induced liver injury, and indeterminate hepatitis are the main ALF causes in Lithuania. In non-transplanted patients, the main predictors of lethal outcome were severe coagulopathy and metabolic acidosis. Improvement of liver donation system for urgent liver transplantation is essential requirement for amelioration of ALF patient’s survival.

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MacDonald, Andrew, and Constantine Karvellas. "Emerging Role of Extracorporeal Support in Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Recent Developments." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 39, no. 05 (October 2018): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675334.

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AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are life-threatening illnesses requiring intensive care admission and potentially liver transplantation. Artificial extracorporeal liver support (ECLS) systems remove water-soluble and albumin-bound toxins to maintain normal serum chemistry, prevent further hepatic/organ system damage, and create an environment for potential hepatic regeneration/recovery (ALF) or bridge to liver transplantation (ALF and ACLF). Use of artificial ECLS has been studied in both ALF and ACLF. Artificial ECLS systems have been found to be safe and have demonstrated the following benefits: improvement of biochemistries, hemodynamic status, and hepatic encephalopathy. Despite this, only one prospective randomized controlled trial examining the use of high-volume plasma exchange has demonstrated improvement in transplant-free survival. Bioartificial (cell-based) ECLS systems build on the technology of artificial systems, incorporating living hepatocytes in a bioactive platform to further mimic endogenous hepatic detoxification and synthetic functions. Currently, no bioartificial system has been found to confer a mortality benefit; however, these platforms offer the greatest potential for future development.

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Abenavoli, Ludovico, Valentina Maurizi, Luigi Boccuto, Arianna Di Berardino, Nena Giostra, Pierangelo Santori, Maria Laura Scarcella, Anna Caterina Procopio, Carlo Rasetti, and Emidio Scarpellini. "Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure." Diseases 10, no. 4 (November 18, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10040108.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) presents with an acute abnormality of liver blood tests in an individual without underlying chronic liver disease. The clinical course leads to the development of coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy. The role of nutrition in its prevention and treatment remains uncertain. We aimed to review literature data on the concept of ALF and the role of nutrition in its treatment and prevention, considering the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis and eubiosis. We conducted a review of the literature on the main medical databases using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: liver failure, nutrition, branched-chain amino acids, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and probiotics. Upon their arrival at the emergency department, an early, accurate nutritional assessment is crucial for individuals with ALF. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), stable euglycemia maintenance, and moderate caloric support are crucial for this subset of patients. An excessive protein load must be avoided because it worsens hepatic encephalopathy. Preclinical evidence supports future probiotics use for ALF treatment/prevention. Nutritional support and treatment for ALF are crucial steps against patient morbidity and mortality. BCAAs and euglycemia remain the mainstay of nutritional treatment of ALF. Gut dysbiosis re-modulation has an emerging and natural-history changing impact on ALF.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ALF(Acute Liver Failure)"

1

GADIPUDI, LAILA LAVANYA. "Macrophage Phenotype during Liver Injury and Repair." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/142900.

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Craig, Darren George Norman. "Studies in acute liver failure." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29077.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating condition with a high associated mortality rate. Paracetamol hepatotoxicity remains the leading cause of ALF in the developed world. The studies outlined in this thesis explore the current management of ALF, and systematically review the prognostic tests currently used in paracetamol-induced ALF. Using a database of over 900 acute liver injury patients, the impact of unintentional paracetamol overdose is retrospectively analysed, demonstrating a strong association between this mode of paracetamol overdose and adverse clinical outcomes, including the requirement for emergency orthotopic liver transplantation. Current prognostic tests for severe paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity have been criticised for their relatively low sensitivity, with the result that not all patients who might benefit from tertiary level care are identified. This thesis demonstrates that the development of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) or extrahepatic organ failure is strongly associated with death following paracetamol overdose. Due to their very high sensitivity in this condition, both the SIRS and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores have potential as future gatekeepers to improve the triage of paracetamol overdose patients, thereby delivering tertiary level care to those most likely to require emergency transplantation. A greater understanding of the pathophysiological links between the initial hepatic injury and development of the SIRS could help to identify novel biomarkers for ALF, and help guide future therapeutic avenues. Using serum samples from a prospectively collected cohort of acute liver injury patients, this thesis identifies two novel biomarkers, serum ferritin and the long pentraxin PTX3, which show a strong association with outcome following paracetamol hepatotoxicity. These biomarkers illustrate the importance that the innate immune system plays in the pathogenesis of paracetamol-induced ALF, and identifies several exciting areas for future cellular and animal-based studies.

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Triantafyllou, Evangelos. "Mechanisms of immune-mediated liver injury in acute liver failure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mechanisms-of-immunemediated-liver-injury-in-acute-liver-failure(e3e4fdce-9d38-4bdf-b1b4-979f35aef0ae).html.

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Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is characterized by overwhelming hepatocyte death and liver inflammation where the infiltration of myeloid cells in areas of necrosis is contrasted by immune cell depletion and dysregulation in the systemic circulation. The mechanisms underlying resolution of acute hepatic inflammation are largely unknown to date. In this thesis, I used both human and murine experimental models in order to investigate the impact of Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MerTK) during ALF and examine how the micro-environmental mediator, Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI), governs this immunological response. Methods: Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, confocal imaging and gene expression analyses determined the phenotypic, functional and transcriptomic profile and tissue topography of MerTK+ monocytes and macrophages in ALF, healthy and disease controls. The temporal evolution of macrophage MerTK expression and its impact on hepatic resolution was examined in APAP-induced acute liver injury using wild-type (WT) and Mer-deficient (Mer−/−) mice. Furthermore, SLPI effects on hepatic myeloid cells were determined in vitro and in vivo using APAP-treated WT mice. Results: I demonstrate a significant expansion of resolution-like MerTK+HLA-DRhigh cells in both circulatory and tissue compartments of ALF patients. Compared to WT mice, that show an increase of MerTK+MHCIIhigh hepatic macrophages during the resolution phase in ALF, APAP-treated Mer−/− mice exhibit persistent liver injury and inflammation, characterized by a decreased proportion of liver-resident Kupffer cells and increased number of hepatic neutrophils. Both in vitro and in APAPtreated mice, SLPI reprograms macrophages towards resolution responses through induction of a MerTK+HLA-DRhigh phenotype which promotes neutrophil apoptosis and their subsequent clearance. Conclusions: The work presented in this thesis has identified a prorestorative, MerTK+, macrophage phenotype that evolves during the resolution phase of APAP-induced ALF and represents a novel immunotherapeutic target to promote resolution responses following acute liver injury.

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Possamai, Lucia. "Susceptibility factors in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25269.

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Paracetamol is a popular antipyretic and analgesic medication. It is a known hepatotoxin in overdose and is the commonest cause of acute liver failure in the UK. There is significant variability in inter-individual susceptibility to the hepatotoxic effects of paracetamol, which is incompletely understood. This thesis describes work done in murine models of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure with the aim of identifying causes of variable susceptibility and understanding the immune response to liver injury. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach was taken using a murine strain susceptible to paracetamol hepatotoxicity (C3H/HeH) crossed with a relatively resistant strain (C57BL/6). Novel QTLs on murine chromosome 17 and 18 were identified that associated with response to paracetamol. Within the loci a number of candidate genes were identified. A survey of 10 inbred mouse strains for their response to paracetamol was conducted and highlighted the large variability within each strain. It was hypothesised that this variability might be due to differences in intestinal microbiota. A study of the role of intestinal microbiota in paracetamol-induced liver failure was conducted, by comparing response in germ free (GF) mice and conventional (CV) controls. This demonstrated that the presence of intestinal microbiota influenced the sulphonation:glucuronidation ratio during paracetamol metabolism. Although the extent of liver injury as assessed by necrosis and liver enzyme elevation was the same in GF and CV mice, there was evidence of a protective effect of a sterile intestine. Finally a reverse genetics approach was taken to study the influence of the gene Slpi in the secondary immune response to liver injury. It was shown that absence of SLPI protected mice against peak liver injury. The work presented in this thesis highlights some potential sources of variability in response to paracetamol and a number of targets that with further research could have therapeutic potential.

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Bhanage, Chaitanya Devidas. "Review of current extracorporeal technologies for acute liver failure." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502314.

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The liver is the metabolic powerhouse of the body and plays an important role in metabolism. The function of the liver includes drug detoxification, plasma protein synthesis and glycogen storage. Chronic liver failure (CLF) takes months or years to develop, whereas acute liver failure (ALF) may develop within 1-2 weeks. In the USA, 1 in every 10 persons is affected with a liver, biliary or gall bladder disease. The estimated medical and work loss cost per year due to Hepatitis B & Hepatitis 0 is more than $700 million & $600 million respectively. The accepted treatment of end-stage CLF is transplantation. However, the ability of the liver to regenerate has pointed to the development of temporary liver assist devices for the treatment of ALF. The purpose of this project is to review the state-of-the-art in liver assist devices and exciting developments in the field.

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Balko, Jody. "Use of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker of Bacterial Infection in Acute Liver Failure and Acute Liver Injury." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2744.

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Infections in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and acute liver injury (ALI) are a frequent occurrence. Because ALF and ALI patients share many of the same clinical features as patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, identifying an infection based upon clinical manifestations is extremely difficult. Bacterial culture and sensitivity reports require 24 to 72 hours to be finalized after the need for a culture is suspected and obtained. During this time period, ALF and ALI patients are either not receiving required antibiotic therapy, receiving antibiotic therapy that is not required or not appropriate for the infecting bacterial pathogen, or receiving the correct antibiotic prophylaxis. Receiving an antibiotic that is not needed or inappropriate adds another level of complexity to the ALF and ALI patients because antibiotics may exacerbate liver dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of serum procalcitonin concentrations (SPCTC) as a biomarker of bacterial infections in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and acute liver injury (ALI). This three part study measured SPCTC retrospectively on samples from ALF and ALI patients who were prospectively enrolled in the United States Acute Liver Failure Study Group (USALFSG) ALF and ALI studies. In the first part of the study, subjects were categorized according to how many SIRS continuum components they had and whether there was a documented infection. In the second part, serial samples on subjects who developed infections were identified. And, in the third part, serial samples on subjects diagnosed with infection on day one of the study and categorized based upon transplant free survival (TFS) or death and/or liver transplant (DoT) were identified. Procalcitonin was not found to be useful in identifying infection in the ALF and ALI patient populations. A cut-off for indication of infection was calculated to be 1.62 ng/mL using receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. Despite the fact that there was an overall increase in SPCTC as the severity of illness increased in patients with a documented infection, there were confounding variables including antibiotic use, missing data, and small sample size that may have contributed to the poor sensitivity and specificity (0.643 and 0.620 respectively) calculated as part of the ROC analysis. SPCTC values appeared to be increased in subject with acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity and may have affected the cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity results. Increased SPCTC values were seen in APAP subjects who did not have a documented infection. It is unknown at this time if the SPCTC were increase due to liver damage, an undiagnosed infection, or as a result of increase cytokine production due to the APAP toxicity. Serial PCT concentrations in patients who achieved TFS showed a greater decrease over time than those of patients who died or received a liver transplant, however, the TFS group contained a large portion of APAP subjects. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the extent of interference with SPCTC in patients with APAP toxicity and to better define the PCT concentration cut-off between infection and no infection in the ALF and ALI populations.

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Anwar, Khurshid. "Role of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in acute liver failure." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370058.

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Kyriakides, Michael. "Metabolic phenotyping applied to pre-clinical drug induced liver injury and acute liver failure." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29110.

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Liver disease is a prevalent clinical challenge caused by a variety of factors including viral infections and xenobiotic overdose. Improving our mechanistic understanding of disease development will lead to an improved stratification of patients and ultimately a better prognosis. This thesis addresses the role of metabonomics in providing insight into a variety of preclinical models and a clinical study. The metabolic phenotype of preclinical models of paracetamol (APAP) and methotrexate (MTX) toxicity were characterised, together with the study of clinical samples from decompensated cirrhosis, acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) and acute liver failure (ALF) patients. A comparative metabonomic approach was applied to study the metabolic consequences following administration of APAP and its non-hepatotoxic isomer; N-acetyl-m-aminophenol (AMAP), in mice. The analysis revealed an APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction which was characterized by an upregulation of glycolysis as well as the inhibition of beta-oxidation and the Krebs cycle. The metabolic and toxic effects of MTX were investigated in healthy rats and in a model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; as modelled by the methionine choline deficient diet). MTX was shown to have an enhanced toxicity in the context of NASH, which was associated with unique metabolic changes. The clinical work revealed that the serum metabolic phenotypes of clinical decompensated cirrhosis, ACLF and ALF patients were also each characterized by unique metabolic perturbations. The ALF phenotype was associated with the most metabolic changes and consisted of markers of oxidative and energetic stress, as well as markers of amino acid metabolism dysfunction. Subsequently, the novel serum metabolic profiling of the hepatic vein, hepatic portal vein and peripheral artery of patients during liver transplantation aimed to characterize the hepatic disease microenvironment, which was discovered to mainly consist of a perturbed amino acid metabolism.

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Sakamoto, Seisuke. "Living donor liver transplantation for acute liver failure in infants: The impact of unknown etiology." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124328.

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Yang, Stephen Chen. "Polyketals a new drug delivery platform for treating acute liver failure /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31785.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Murthy, Niren; Committee Member: Bellamkonda, Ravi; Committee Member: Davis, Michael; Committee Member: May, Sheldon; Committee Member: Milam, Valeria. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Books on the topic "ALF(Acute Liver Failure)"

1

Piracha, Kashif. Acute Liver Failure. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26911-0.

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International, Congress of Liver Diseases (10th 1995 Basel Switzerland). Acute and chronic liver diseases: Molecular biology and clinics : proceedings of the 87th Falk Symposium (X International Congress of Liver Diseases, Part II of the Basel Liver Week 1995), held in Basel, Switzerland, October 19-21, 1995. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Demetriou, A. A., and Frederick D. Watanabe. Support of the acutely failing liver. 2nd ed. Georgetown, Tx: Landes Bioscience, 2000.

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BSG-SK&F International Workshop. (11th 1990 Ferndown, England). Acute liver failure: Improved understanding and better therapy ; proceedings of the eleventh BSG/SK & F International Workshop 1990, organized by the Education and Science Committee of the British Society of Gastroenterology, Dormy Hotel, Ferndown, Dorset, UK, 24-25 September 1990. Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire: SmithKline Beecham, 1991.

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BSG/SK, &. F. International Workshop (11th 1990 Ferndown England). Acute liver failure: Improvedunderstanding and better therapy : proceedings of the eleventh BSG/SK&F International Workshop 1990 : organised by the Education and Science Committee of the British Society of Gastroenterology, Dormy Hotel, Ferndown, Dorset, UK, 24-25 September, 1990. Welwyn Garden City: Smith Kline Beecham, 1991.

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Keshav, Satish, and Palak Trivedi. Acute liver failure. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0209.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is the term given to a potentially reversible condition characterized by rapid deterioration in hepatocyte function, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy in the absence of preexisting liver disease.

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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Acute liver failure. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0063.

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Definition 476Aetiology 476Therapy 480Complications 480Transplantation 484Liver support system 484Prognosis 485Acute liver failure (ALF) in children is defined as ‘a rare multisystem disorder in which severe impairment of liver function, with or without encephalopathy, occurs in association with hepatocellular necrosis in a patient with no recognized underlying chronic liver disease’. Liver function is considered severely impaired if prothrombin time (PT) is >15 s or international normalized ratio (INR) is >1.5 and not corrected by vitamin K, in the presence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) or a PT >20 s or INR >2.0 in the absence of HE....

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Wang, Cynthia, and Michelle Y. Braunfeld. Acute Liver Failure. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0035.

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Acute liver failure produces widespread physiologic derangements including encephalopathy, coagulopathy, peripheral vasodilation, a systemic inflammatory response, and multiorgan failure. Morbidity is significant, and mortality is 50%. The classification of liver failure and the various etiologies, including viral hepatitis, drug-induced, toxins, and autoimmunity are reviewed here. The multisystem effects of acute liver failure influence all aspects of perioperative care and adequate supportive care during this time is crucial to providing the best possible outcome for the patient. Specific treatment objectives and recommendations are discussed, and the anesthetic management with regard to drug choices, hemodynamic goals, and intraoperative monitoring is reviewed.

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Patel, Sameer, and Julia Wendon. Pathophysiology and causes of acute hepatic failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0194.

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, life-threatening clinical syndrome, resulting in loss of hepatic metabolic and immunological function, in a person with no prior history of liver disease. Mortality can still exceed 50%. ALF is characterized by hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and coagulopathy, occurring within days or weeks. Establishing aetiology is essential for treatment, prognostication, and liver transplantation consideration. Viral hepatitis and drug-induced liver failure are the two commonest causes worldwide. Aetiology and time of onset of encephalopathy determines prognosis. Disease progression can rapidly result in multi-organ failure. Ammonia has been postulated in the development of HE, cerebral oedema and intracranial hypertension. Coagulopathy can be highly variable, with some patients prothrombotic, or exhibiting balanced coagulation disorders. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and associated infection are frequently observed. Significant haemodynamic changes are common while renal failure is an independent risk factor for mortality. Respiratory failure is less common. Deranged homeostasis results in severe hypoglycaemia, and metabolic disturbance.

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Joshi, Deepak, and Georg Auzinger. Management of acute hepatic failure in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0196.

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Acute liver failure occurs in patients with acute hepatic necrosis resulting in hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice and coagulopathy. Acute liver failure is a multisystem disorder. The management is initially supportive. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine is recommended for all patients. Brain dysfunction is common. Elective intubation is recommended for all patients who develop Grade III hepatic encephalopathy. Liver transplantation is an appropriate and viable treatment for acute liver failure. Early and safe transfer to a transplant centre for transplant assessment is advised.

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Book chapters on the topic "ALF(Acute Liver Failure)"

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Abdo-Cuza, Anselmo A. "Acute Liver Failure (ALF) in ICU: Usefulness of Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS)." In Neurosonology in Critical Care, 817–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81419-9_50.

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Sy, Alexander M., and Christopher B. O’Brien. "Viral Hepatitis B, C and D in ALF and ALF/CLD." In Liver Failure, 167–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50983-5_9.

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Vijayaraghavan, Rajan, and Shiv Kumar Sarin. "Drug-Induced Acute and Acute on Chronic Liver Failure." In Liver Failure, 219–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50983-5_11.

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Toma, Diana, Ovidiu Lazar, and Ecaterina Bontas. "Acute Liver Failure." In Liver Diseases, 369–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_32.

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Paterno, Flavio, Raquel Olivo Salcedo, Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos, and James V. Guarrera. "Liver Transplantation for Acute and Acute on Chronic Liver Failure." In Liver Failure, 303–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50983-5_15.

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Hudacko, Rachel, Ryan Cristelli, and Billie Fyfe. "The Pathology of Acute and Acute on Chronic Liver Failure." In Liver Failure, 45–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50983-5_3.

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Leventhal, Thomas M., Mandip KC, and Clifford J. Steer. "Liver Regeneration in Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure." In Liver Failure, 65–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50983-5_4.

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Dellatore, Peter, Avantika Mishra, and Vinod Rustgi. "Prognostic Models in Acute and Acute on Chronic Liver Failure." In Liver Failure, 91–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50983-5_5.

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Hay, J. Eileen. "Acute Liver Failure." In Practical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: Liver and Biliary Disease, 113–23. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444325249.ch13.

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Hall, Philip S. J., and W. Johnny Cash. "Acute liver failure." In Gastrointestinal emergencies, 183–92. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118662915.ch26.

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Conference papers on the topic "ALF(Acute Liver Failure)"

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Gadour, Eyad, Dili Agu, Mutwakel Musharaf, Amro Askar, Megan Dixson, Abdalla Arabiyat, Abdalla Hassan, and Zeinab Hassan. "P006 Acute on Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) during COVID-19; single UK based hospital experience." In Abstracts of the British Association for the Study of the Liver Annual Meeting, 22–24 November 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-basl.15.

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Nagel, M., M. Nguyen-Tat, T. Zimmermann, PR Galle, MA Wörns, and JM Schattenberg. "Prävalenz und Outcome von Patienten mit acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in intensivmedizinischer Behandlung." In Viszeralmedizin 2017. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1605103.

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Tessenyi, Maximilian, SusanneN Weber, Matthias Reichert, SenemC Karatayli, RabeaA Hall, Tony Bruns, Sen Qiao, et al. "Circulating miR-148a is a precipitant independent biomarker of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)." In 38. Jahrestagung der Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740730.

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Cañizares, Rafael Bañares, Faouzi Saliba, Dana Tomescu, Banwari Agarwal, Vanessa Stadlbauer, Gavin Wright, Mohammed Sheikh, et al. "P077 Pathophysiological basis of resolution of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) induced by the novel liver dialysis device, DIALIVE (ALIVER consortium)." In Abstracts of the British Association for the Study of the Liver Annual Meeting, 22–24 November 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-basl.85.

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Schwarzkopf, KM, S. Rüschenbaum, S. Barat, C. Cai, MM Mücke, D. Fitting, A. Weigert, et al. "IL-22 and IL22-binding protein are associated with development of and mortality from acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)." In 35. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1677102.

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Fonda, Troy, Iswan Abbas Nusi, Poernomo Boedi Setiawan, Herry Purbayu, Titong Sugihartono, Ummi Maimunah, Ulfa Kholili, et al. "Acute Liver Failure." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007340004210425.

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Agarwal, Banwari, Faouzi Saliba, Dana Rodica Tomescu, Rafael Banares Canizares, Daniel Martin, Vanessa Stadlbauer, Gavin Wright, et al. "P076 A multi-centre, randomized controlled study, to evaluate the safety and performance of the DIALIVE liver dialysis device in patients with acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) versus standard of care (SOC) (ALIVER Consortium)." In Abstracts of the British Association for the Study of the Liver Annual Meeting, 22–24 November 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-basl.84.

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Gillespie, M., R. Tadros, T. Haddad, J. Lyou, J. Hanje, C. R. Spitzer, and L. Conteh. "Acute Liver Failure Due to Wilson's Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a5140.

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Remih, Katharina, Valerie Durkalski-Mauldin, WilliamM Lee, Zemin Su, Laura Krieg, Isabel Karkossa, Kristin Schubert, Martin von Bergen, RobertJohn Fontana, and Pavel Strnad. "Serum proteomic characterisation in acute liver failure." In 38. Jahrestagung der Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft zum Studium der Leber. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740709.

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Widuri, Ike Rahayu, Iswan Abbas Nusi, Poernomo Boedi Setiawan, Herry Purbayu, Titong Sugihartono, Ummi Maimunah, Ulfa Kholili, et al. "A Patient with Acute Liver Failure Due to Acute Hepatitis A." In International Meeting on Regenerative Medicine. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007322103890396.

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Reports on the topic "ALF(Acute Liver Failure)"

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JunWen, Mao. Risk factors for pediatric acute liver failure: a systematic review of prognostic studies in recent 10 years. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.4.0116.

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