Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alf Ross'

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlfRoss.pdf: 640070 bytes, checksum: b4d0a1e6b27384d9c29ec8c072c5487a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-23<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This paper analyzes Alf Ross´s thought (1899 1979), based in some of his works, specially the articles published in the book celebrating the centenary of his birthday, as well as the influence he suffered from Hägerström, Lundstedt and Olivecrona, also trying to study his work in the historical period which he had lived. The main idea of this paper is to study the law concept in Alf Ross´s thought. In some cases, it will be the way law is expressed and studied in Alf Ross´s works and how this subject is analyzed in his books and articles, trying to see if there were changes in the way he treated this subject in time and which were the influences he suffered this period (doctrinarian, historical or personal). In the first chapter we analyze the historical period he has lived and the changes that happened in his personal and professional life, to understand the way his thought was influenced by these facts. In the second chapter, we turn back to the sources of Alf Ross´s thought, studying the three Swedish jurists that preceded him in the Scandinavian Realism theory. In the third chapter, we make a bibliographic revision of Ross´s works, emphasizing his works in Danish. The objective of this research is to deep our knowledge of Alf Ross´s works, presented in his books and articles, some of them unpublished in Brazil. This paper tries to recover the essence of Alf Ross´s thought, analyzing thoroughly his works, as well as the doctrinarian and personal influences, to make possible to draw the largest prospect of his works.<br>O presente trabalho em filosofia do direito busca analisar o pensamento de Alf Ross (1899 1979), baseando-se na análise de algumas de suas obras, em especial os artigos compilados no livro em comemoração aos 100 anos de nascimento do autor, bem como a influência exercida por Hägerström, Lundstedt e Olivecrona em seu pensamento e buscando também enquadrar sua obra no contexto histórico em que viveu. A idéia principal do trabalho é o estudo do próprio conceito de Direito, em alguns casos, da maneira como o Direito se manifesta e é estudado na obra de Alf Ross e como esse assunto é tratado nos diferentes livros e artigos lidos, analisando eventuais mudanças de posicionamento ou tratamento do tema no decorrer do tempo e quais as influências sofridas nestes períodos (doutrinárias, históricas ou pessoais). No primeiro capítulo, analisa-se o período histórico em que Alf Ross viveu e as mudanças ocorridas na sua vida pessoal e profissional, para que se compreenda até que ponto seu pensamento foi influenciado por estes fatos. No segundo capítulo, volta-se às origens do pensamento de Alf Ross, com o estudo dos três juristas suecos que o precederam na corrente do Realismo Escandinavo, Axel Hägerström, Vilheim Lundstedt e Karl Olivecrona. Já no terceiro capítulo, faz-se um revisão bibliográfica das obras de Ross, com ênfase em suas obras originais em dinamarquês. O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar um estudo aprofundado dos trabalhos de Alf Ross, representados por seus livros e artigos, alguns inéditos no Brasil. A dissertação busca resgatar a essência do pensamento de Alf Ross, com a análise exaustiva de suas obras, além do estudo de suas influências doutrinárias e pessoais, para que seja possível traçar um panorama o mais amplo possível de seus trabalhos.

ntes de la reforma del 6 de enero de 1992 las acciones agrarias, se sujetaban a los procedimientos administrativos substanciados y resueltos por autoridades de ese orden, con la observancia de principios predominantes correspondientes; sin embargo a partir de que entró en vigor la reforma hecha al artículo 27 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, que dispuso modernizar la justicia agraria, se instituyeron los órganos de la justicia, tales como los Tribunales Agrarios y la Procuraduría Agraria, con el objeto de garantizar la seguridad jurídica en las tenencia de la tierra ejidal, las cuales son: el Ejido, los bienes Comunales y la Pequeña propiedad; por lo que actualmente el campo mexicano se estructura conforme al marco jurídico este artículo ya mencionado. De la reforma al artículo 1o. constitucional de 10 de junio de 2011, se obtiene que es obligación de todas las autoridades, en el ámbito de sus respectivas competencias, observar los derechos humanos contenidos en la Constitución Federal y en los tratados internacionales. Sin embargo, de ello no se sigue que los órganos jurisdiccionales nacionales, so pretexto del derecho fundamental de acceso a la justicia, de conformidad con lo previsto en la Constitución Federal y en los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, dejen de aplicar los demás principios de la función jurisdiccional, tales como los de legalidad, igualdad, seguridad jurídica y debido proceso, pues ello provocaría un estado de inseguridad en la sociedad que a la postre significaría una transgresión a ese acceso efectivo a la justicia. Nuestro máximo ordenamiento establece en su artículo 17 que toda persona tiene derecho a que se le administre justicia por tribunales que estarán expeditos para impartirla en los plazos y términos que fijen las leyes, emitiendo sus resoluciones de manera pronta, completa e imparcial. Su servicio será gratuito, quedando, en consecuencia, prohibidas las costas judiciales. Por su parte la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación ha sostenido que si bien a toda persona le asiste el derecho de acudir a los tribunales a dirimir sus controversias y litigios, éste debe ejercerse dentro de los plazos y términos y con los requisitos fijados por el legislador ordinario por medio de las leyes secundarias, los cuales son constitucionales en tanto revistan una racionalidad y proporcionalidad como medida restrictiva de acceso a la jurisdicción. Sin embargo, caso aparte y especial atención merece la impartición de justicia en tribunales agrarios, pues si bien son órganos dotados de autonomía y plena jurisdicción, pues en la fracción XIX del artículo 27 Constitucional señala que con base en esta Constitución, el Estado dispondrá las medidas para la expedita y honesta impartición de la justicia agraria, con objeto de garantizar la seguridad jurídica en la tenencia de la tierra ejidal, comunal y de la pequeña propiedad, y apoyará la asesoría legal de los campesinos. ANÁLISIS JURÍDICO DE LA PROBLEMATICA PARA IMPARTICIÓN DE JUSTICIA AGRARIA EN MÉXICO: DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DEL REALISMO JURÍDICO DE ALF ROSS. Tiene como tema principal el estudio la problemática que se presenta en los Tribunales Agrarios en México, que imposibilita se cumpla con el que es sin duda uno de los reclamos principales para la sociedad de hoy y que es una pronta y expedita impartición de justicia. De acuerdo a las últimas modificaciones que se han realizado al marco Constitucional, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito el análisis de los principios, fines y objetivos del derecho procesal agrario mexicano; ya que esté se considera como el conjunto de normas que regulan la creación y la estructura de los órganos de la justicia agraria, sus funciones y el procedimiento destinado a la solución jurisdiccional de las controversias agrarias; concluyo haciendo mención que el presente trabajo ayudara al análisis, identificación y posterior elaboración de actuaciones procesales reales en el ámbito de procesal agrario.

Primauté absolue du droit de l’UE ou suprématie des dispositions constitutionnelles ? Consacrée à l’analyse des conflits nés ou à naître entre normes constitutionnelle et celles du droit de l’UE, cette étude doctorale s’est focalisée sur l’analyse du lien entre les termes primauté et recours pour relever que dans ce genre de litiges contentieux un syllogisme juridique inédit est appliqué. Il s’agit de celui qui préserve cumulativement le critère hiérarchique caractérisant les ordres juridiques internes des États membres, à son sommet le principe de suprématie des dispositions constitutionnelles sur toutes les autres et l’application effective de la primauté matérielle du droit de l’Union ; les évolutions récentes du droit interne de l’UE convergent toutes dans ce sens : dans le cadre d’un litige contentieux, la primauté n’est plus une problématique de légalité constitutionnelle, le conflit est contourné. En la matière, les débats sur l’autorité et la force du droit international classique sur le droit constitutionnel ne se pose plus. Il a été séparé entre la force et l’effet des traités du droit international de l’Union. Pourtant sur le plan des principes, même au sein d’un État fédéral, le contenu définitionnel et surtout le maniement du texte constitutionnel n’ont pas été revisités ; la Constitution est le fondement sans être le contenu de validité de la primauté du droit de l’Union, le texte suprême opère en tant que technique de renvoi, il cadre deux types de champs en fonction du critère de l’objet du litige contentieux. Suprématie et primauté sont deux principes de nature juridique différente qui ne s’affrontent pas. La prévalence de la primauté matérielle du droit de l’Union n’affecte nullement la suprématie au sommet de la hiérarchie pyramidale des normes de chacun des États adhérents<br>Absolute primacy of Community law or supremacy of constitutional provisions ? Devoted to the analysis of the conflicts born or to be born between EU law and constitutional standards, this doctoral study focused on analysis of the link between the terms of primacy or preemption rule and jurisdictional actions to raise that in this kind of litigation disputes a unreported legal syllogism is applied. It's one that cumulatively preserves the hierarchical criterion characterizing the domestic legal systems of the Member States, at its peak the principle of supremacy of the Constitution over all others and the effective application of the material primacy of Union law ; recent developments in internal law of the Union converge in this sense : in a dispute litigation, primacy is no longer a problem of constitutional legality, the conflict is circumvent. Concerning this matter, the debate on the authority and the force of traditional international law on constitutional law no longer arises. It has been separated between the force and the effect of the treaties of international law of the Union. Yet in terms of principles, even within a federal State, the definitional content and especially the handling of the constitutional text have not been revisited ; the Constitution is the legal basis without being the content validity of the primacy of Union law, the supreme text operates as a reference technique, it fits two types of fields based on the criterion of the contentious issue. Supremacy and rule are two different legal nature principles which do not compete. The prevalence of the material primacy of Union law sets no supremacy at the top of the pyramidal hierarchy of standards of each of the acceding States

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:02:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3668_1.pdf: 885082 bytes, checksum: eca9e2966f38086b8e810f4c184dd8a3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Análise cromossômica de Leptoglossus gonagra (2n=21=18A+2m+X0) e Pachylis aff pharaonis (2n=15=12A+2m+X0) revelou cromossomos holocêntricos que decrescem gradualmente de tamanho. Nas duas espécies, o cromossomo X mostrou tamanho médio e os cromossomos m correspondem aos menores elementos do cariótipo. As duas espécies mostraram a heterocromatina constitutiva (HC) nas regiões terminais de todos os cromossomos. Adicionalmente, P. aff pharaonis mostrou um bloco intersticial de HC no bivalente 2. A tríplice coloração CMA3/DA/DAPI revelou que nesta espécie todas as regiões de HC, exceto dos cromossomos m são CMA3 positivas. Em L. gonagra, a dupla coloração CMA3/DA revelou blocos CMA3 positivos restritos aos cromossomos m. Nas duas espécies, a coloração com DAPI foi neutra para todas as regiões cromossômicas e a impregnação com AgNO3 revelou RONs ativas em apenas um bivalente autossômico. Em L. gonagra a RON está localizada na região terminal dos cromossomos m e em P. aff pharaonis está associada a região terminal do bivalente 2. A RON desta espécie evidenciou o fenômeno denominado nucléolo semi-persistente, permitindo a visualização do remanescente nucleolar até a metáfase I. Os resultados obtidos pela FISH nas duas espécies analisadas mostraram padrões similares aqueles obtidos pela impregnação com AgNO3. Diferenças e similaridades cromossômicas encontradas nas espécies analisadas corroboram o status taxonômico das mesmas

Les cellules tumorales circulantes (CTC) représentent un large champ de recherche susceptible de fournir des informations tant cliniques que fondamentales. Les CTC proviennent de tumeurs primitives ou métastatiques et représentent une population hétérogène de cellules très rares dans le flux sanguin. Leur caractérisation moléculaire est un défi technologique qui requiert des méthodes très sensibles et spécifiques. Dans les cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules (CBNPC), les CTC ont un véritable intérêt car les biopsies tumorales ne permettent pas toujours de réaliser les analyses moléculaires nécessaires au choix du traitement. De plus, elles ne sont probablement pas représentatives de l’hétérogénéité tumorale.L’objectif de ma thèse a été de rechercher dans les CTC de patients atteints de CBNPC porteurs du remaniement de gène ALK, des anomalies génomiques connues pour être des biomarqueurs de sensibilité et de résistance aux thérapies ciblant cet oncogéne, ainsi qu’à caractériser les CTC porteuses de ces anomalies. La première partie du projet a consisté au développement d’une méthode d’hybridation in situ de l’ADN (fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH) adaptée à un système d’enrichissement des CTC par filtration, la FA-FISH (filter adapted FISH) (brevet PCT/FR2011/052688). Nous avons ensuite développé une approche de microscopie semi-automatisée permettant la digitalisation et l’analyse de ces CTC enrichies par filtration (Pailler, BMC Cancer, 2016). Dans la seconde partie du projet, nous avons mis en œuvre cette méthode et montré pour la première fois qu’il est possible d’identifier le remaniement de gène ALK dans les CTC de patients porteurs de ce réarrangement dans la tumeur (Pailler, J Clin Oncol, 2013). Les CTC remaniées présentent un unique réarrangement de type break-apart, y compris chez des patients présentant exclusivement une autre forme de réarrangement dans la tumeur, et un phénotype mésenchymateux. Cette observation nous a amené à émettre l’hypothèse que ces CTC ont acquis des propriétés migratoires et d’invasivité, et pourraient résulter d’une forte sélection clonale. Nous avons ensuite étendu cette observation aux patients porteurs du remaniement ROS1 et rapporté pour la première fois la détection de ce remaniement dans des CTC (Pailler, Ann Oncol, 2015). Dans la troisième partie du projet, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que certaines sous-populations de CTC anormales pour le gène ALK, mesurées avant et à deux mois de traitement par le crizotinib, pourraient prédire l’évolution clinique des patients traités. Dans une cohorte élargie de patients, nous avons montré que l’évolution sous crizotinib du nombre de CTC présentant exclusivement des gains de copies natives du gène ALK est un biomarqueur « surrogate » d’efficacité du traitement pouvant permettre d’identifier les patients qui ont un risque élevé de progresser rapidement (Pailler, soumis). Finalement, dans la quatrième partie du projet, nous avons recherché dans des CTC des mutations de résistance aux inhibiteurs de ALK. Nous avons mis au point des technologies permettant de caractériser phénotypiquement, isoler et analyser moléculairement (séquençages ciblés et d’exomes) des CTC à l’échelle de cellule unique. Les expériences sur lignées cellulaires ont permis de valider les approches et les analyses d’échantillons de patients sont en cours.Dans ce travail, nous montrons qu’il est possible de caractériser des anomalies génomiques dans les CTC de patients porteurs du remaniement ALK à différentes étapes de leur maladie, et ainsi d’identifier des biomarqueurs de sensibilité et d’efficacité à une thérapie ciblée. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives sur la personnalisation des traitements qui pourraient reposer sur l’analyse génomique non invasive des CTC. Il apporte en outre des éléments nouveaux sur les caractéristiques biologiques des CTC chez ces patients, certaines étapes du processus métastatique et la diversité génomique de ces cancers<br>Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a broad field of research which may provide both clinical and basic information. CTCs migrate from primitive or metastatic tumors and represent a heterogeneous population of very rare cells in the blood stream. The molecular characterization of CTCs is a technical challenge requiring highly sensitive and specific methods. Because tumor biopsies are invasive and in some cases associated with risk in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), CTCs may offer an attractive option to analyze tumor genomic alterations and detect molecular biomarkers. CTCs could provide a more comprehensive picture of the tumor content than single tumor biopsies.The aim of my thesis was to characterize genomic abnormalities in CTCs from ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients and identified biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies. The first part of the project consisted in the development of a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method adapted to CTCs enriched by filtration, the FA-FISH (filter-adapted-FISH) (patent PCT/FR2011/052688). Then, we developed a method for the semi-automated microscopy of filtration enriched CTCs (Pailler, BMC Cancer, 2016). In the second part of my project, using this method, we provided the first proof-of-concept that ALK-rearrangement can be detected in CTCs of patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC (Pailler, J Clin Oncol, 2013). We showed that CTCs from these patients harbor a unique ALK break-apart rearrangement, including patients presenting another form of rearrangement in the biopsy, and a mesenchymal phenotype. This suggests that these CTCs may arise from a clonal selection of tumor cells that have acquired invasive and migratory properties and possibly the potential to drive metastatic progression. Then, we characterized CTCs from patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC and reported for the first time the detection of ROS1-rearrangement in CTCs (Pailler, Ann Oncol, 2015). In the third part of the project, we evaluated whether CTCs with abnormal ALK-FISH patterns monitored under crizotinib (baseline and early sampling at 2 months) may inform on treatment benefit in a cohort of ALK-rearranged patients treated by crizotinib. In an extended cohort of patients, the dynamic change in the numbers of CTCs with a gain of ALK-native copies was associated with the progression-free survival and thus may be a surrogate biomarker for crizotinib efficacy (Pailler, submitted). These results show that the molecular analysis of CTCs performed under treatment could help to stratify patients at risk of early resistance to crizotinib. Finally, in the last part of my project, we sought to evaluate whether CTCs could be used for identifying resistance mutations to ALK inhibitors. We developed technologies to characterize, isolate and molecularly (targeted sequencing and exome sequencing) analyze CTCs at the single cell level. Experiments on cell lines allowed to validate these technical processes; Experiments on patient samples are ongoing.In this work, we characterize genomic abnormalities present in CTCs from ALK-rearranged patients at different stages of the disease and identify biomarkers of sensitivity and efficacy to targeted therapies. Our results provide new perspectives on the potential of CTCs for personalizing treatments in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, our findings may offer new insights on the biological characteristics of CTCs in ALK-rearranged patients, their overall role in the metastatic progression and the genomic diversity of these cancers

ALEXANDRINO, F. J. R. Terapia fotodinâmica com rosa bengala em nanoformulação com alfa-ciclodextrina contra suspensões de Streptococcus mutans. 2016. 32 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Microbiologia Médica) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.<br>Submitted by Carolinda Oliveira (ppgmm@ufc.br) on 2017-11-14T16:12:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_fjralexandrino.pdf: 2022784 bytes, checksum: 914011d7ad83cf7fd0cb679c4b1c5948 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Erika Fernandes (erikaleitefernandes@gmail.com) on 2017-11-14T17:34:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_fjralexandrino.pdf: 2022784 bytes, checksum: 914011d7ad83cf7fd0cb679c4b1c5948 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T17:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_fjralexandrino.pdf: 2022784 bytes, checksum: 914011d7ad83cf7fd0cb679c4b1c5948 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-29<br>Considering that dental caries is a biofilm-sugar-dependent disease and that S. mutans is considered the most cariogenic microorganism present in the oral biofilm, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed to supresscariogenic specie. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of PDT using blue light (BL) and the photosensitizer (PS) rose bengal (RB) or RB containing nanoparticulated-α-cyclodextrin (RBNP) against suspensions of S. mutans in two different planktonic suspension models. S. mutans suspensions were divided into groups, as follows: absenceof PS and BL, with BLand without PS, absence ofPS and presence of BL and presence of BL andPS. Four different concentrations of RB and RBNP (0.031, 0.062, 1 and 2 µM) and three energy densities of studied light source (3.35; 6.70 and 10.05 J.cm-2) were tested. Treatments were applied after bacteria being suspended in tryptone soy broth (TSB) or 0.89% NaCl (saline). Aliquots of each studied group was plated in BHI agar and submitted to colony forming units counting (CFU/mL) and the data transformed into logarithmical scale.BL did not cause cell death in the absence of RB or RBNP, regardless of planktonic suspension modeltested. For RB, dark cytotoxicity was not observed in TSB model, while in saline model, this cytotoxicity occurred at a 2μM concentration. For RBNP and TSB model, cell death occurred in the absence of light with2μM concentration, as well as it occurredfor 1 and 2 μM concentrations in saline model. In groups where PDT was applied,for bothRB and TSB models, microbial reduction was found from the concentration 1 µM and 3.35 J.cm-2. For higher both PS concentrations and energy densities,bacterial growth was not observed after treatments. For saline model, microbial reduction occurred from 0.031μM concentration and 10.05 J.cm-2. No bacterial growth was observed in energy densities and concentrations greater than 0.062 μMat 10.05 J.cm-2. In TSB model and RBNP, microbial reduction was detected forboth 0.031μM and 0.062μM concentrations in all tested energy densities.. For saline model, bacterial growth was not observed for all groups where PDT was performed. The model of planktonic cells with saline seems to present lower microbial counts compared to the TSB model. Photodynamic therapy performed with RB or RBNP was effective in reductingmicrobial load in S. mutanssuspensions. The addition of nanoparticles favored the RB antimicrobial effect, however, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of therapy in cariogenic biofilms formedin vitro and in situ. Keywords: Photochemotherapy, Dental Caries, Nanotechnology.<br>Considerando que a cárie dentária é uma doença biofilme-açúcar-dependente e queS. mutans é considerado o micro-organismo mais cariogênico presente no biofilme oral, a terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) tem sido proposta para suprimir talespécie cariogênica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficácia da TFD, utilizando luz azul (LA) e o fotossenssilizador (FS)rosa bengala (RB) ouRB nanoparticulado com -ciclodextrina (RBNP) contra suspensões de S. mutans,em dois diferentes modelos de suspensão planctônica.Suspensões de S. mutans foram divididas em grupos, como se segue:inexistência de FS e LA, com FSe sem LA, ausência de FS com LA e presença de FS e LA. Quatro concentrações diferentes de RB e RBNP(0,031; 0,062; 1e 2 µM) e três densidades de energia da fonte de luz estudada (3,35; 6,70 e 10,05 J.cm-2) foram testadas. Os tratamentos foram aplicados com as bactérias suspensas em caldo triptona de soja (TSB) ou NaCl a 0,89% (Salina). Alíquotas de cada grupo estudado foram plaqueadas em ágar BHI e submetidas a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (CFU/mL) e os dados transformados em escala logarítmica.A LA não causou morte celular na ausência do RB ou RBNP, independente do modelo de suspensão testado. Para o RB, citoxidade no escuro não foi observada no modelo com TSB, enquanto que no modelo com salina,esta ocorreu na concentração de 2 μM. Para o RBNP, houve morte celular na ausência da luz na concentração de 2 μM no modelo com TSB, bem como com 1 e 2 μM no modelo com salina. Nos grupos onde TFD foi utilizada, no modelo com RB e TSB, houve redução microbiana a partir da concentração 1 μM e 3,35 J.cm-2. Nas concentrações e densidades de energia superiores não foi observado crescimento bacteriano após os tratamentos. Para o modelo com salina, houve redução microbiana a partir da concentração 0,031 μM e 10,05 J.cm-2. Não foi observado crescimento bacteriano nas concentrações e densidades de energia superiores a 0,062 μM com 10,05 J.cm-2. No modelo com RBNP e TSB, houve redução microbiana nas concentrações 0,031 e 0,062 μM em todas as densidades de energia testadas. Para o modelo com salina, não foi observado crescimento bacteriano para todos os grupos onde a TFD foi realizada. O modelo de células planctônicas com salina parece apresentar menores contagens microbianas quando comparado ao modelo com TSB de modo geral. A terapia fotodinâmica realizada com RB ou RBNP foi efetiva da redução de carga microbiana em suspensões de S. mutans. A adição da nanopartícula favoreceu o efeito antimicrobiano do RB,contudo, mais estudos são necessários a fim de investigar os efeitos da terapia em biofilmes cariogênicos formados in vitro e in situ.

Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniero en Alimentos<br>En América, la Región Andina constituye un gran centro de origen y “domesticación” de numerosas especies vegetales alimenticias y sus semillas pueden ser buena fuente de nutrientes, compuestos bioactivos y tener aplicación en el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales. Los aceites de origen vegetal, han sido ampliamente estudiados en los últimos 20 años. El efecto en la salud de la cantidad y tipo de aceites ingeridos ha generado gran interés en el ámbito científico. Los resultados del análisis proximal de las cuatro semillas estudiadas son variados. En el coquito de palma chilena el componente mayoritario son los lípidos, en las otras semillas lo es la fibra dietética. El mayor contenido de proteínas lo presenta la semilla de cilantro con un 12%, seguido de la semilla de mora con 10%. El contenido graso es muy dispar, el coquito de palma contiene en promedio 68,6%, el cilantro 3,1%, la mora 16,5% y la rosa mosqueta 7,9%. La composición de la materia grasa de las semillas es amplia, el aceite de coquito de palma chilena contiene un predominio de ácidos grasos saturados, el de semilla de cilantro es monoinsaturado, con predominio del ác. petroselínico. En el caso de la semilla de mora y la de rosa mosqueta, los aceites de ambas son poliinsaturados. El contenido de ácido linoleico, esencial para el ser humano, varia en cada semilla, mientras el menor porcentaje lo posee el aceite de palma chilena, con 2%, el mayor lo presentan el aceite de mora con 59% y el de rosa mosqueta con 44,20%. El aceite de cilantro contiene 13,75%, lo cual es bajo considerando que contiene casi 80% de ácidos monoinsaturados. El contenido de ácido linolénico es importante sólo en las semillas de mora y rosa mosqueta con 9,15 y 31,73% respectivamente. Los compuestos bioactivos presentes en el aceite de las semillas estudiadas, tocoferoles y fitoesteroles, están en cantidades importantes en las semillas de mora, cilantro y rosa mosqueta. El contenido de tocoferoles, como era esperable estuvo en cantidades mayores en aquellos aceites más poliinsaturados<br>In America, the Andes Region constitutes a great center where many vegetables species have had their origin and where the ancient native habitants adapted them for edible purposes and their seeds actually can be a good source of different nutrients, bioactive compounds, and to be applied as new ingredients in the development of functional foods. Different seeds oils have been widely studied in the last twenty years. Their benefic health effects related to the quantity and quality of their intake by the different populations in the world have produced a great interest in the scientific field. The results obtained in this study for the proximate analysis for four seeds show a great variation. In the case of the chilean palm coconut the major component is fat, in the other seeds is dietary fiber. Coriander seeds present the major protein content with a 12%, followed by blackberry with 10%. Fat content is quite different among the studied seeds. Chilean palm coconut has a mean of 68.6%, coriander seed 3.1%, blackberry seed 16.5% and rose hip seed 7.9%. The fatty acid composition of the fat extracted from each seed also is very different. In the case of chilean palm coconut, saturated fatty acid group is predominant, being lauric acid the main with 42%. Coriander seed oil is mainly monounsaturated, with the predominance of petroselinic acid with 69%. For Blackberry and Rose hip seed oil the principal fatty acid group is polyunsaturated. Linoleic acid, which is essential for human beings, presents a great variation among the seeds oils studied. The lesser content was found for chilean palm coconut with 2%. The highest contents were found for blackberry seed oil and rose hip seed oil with 59 and 44.2% respectively. Coriander seed oils contains 13.75%, value which is considered low compared with its high content in monounsaturated fatty acids of 80%. Linolenic acid, the other essential fatty acid for human beings is only important in blackberry and rose hip seeds oils with 9.15 and 31.7% respectively. The bioactive compounds present in the plant seeds studied as tocopherols and phytosterols, are present in important quantities in blackberry, coriander and rose hip seed oils. The Tocopherol content was higher in those polyunsaturated fatty acids seed oils, than in the more saturated ones, as it was expected

AIF fait partie des protéines mitochondriales inductrices de mort mais possède aussi un rôle vital nécessaire à la respiration cellulaire. Les recherches menées lors de cette thèse portent sur ces deux fonctions. D'une part, j'ai approfondi l'étude de la nécrose régulée induite par un agent alkylant de l'ADN. J'ai découvert l'importance de RIP1 dans cette voie de mort cellulaire et ainsi conduit à la définir comme nécroptose. J'ai aussi mis en évidence le rôle de BID, BH3-only de la famille BCL-2, dans la libération d'AIF des mitochondries. J'ai montré que les protéases calpaïnes clivaient BID permettant à sa forme tronquée de relocaliser aux mitochondries et d'y activer le facteur pro-apoptotique BAX. Cette étude contribue à replacer le rôle des BH3-only dans des voies de mort cellulaire au delà de l'apoptose. D'autre part, j'ai étudié le rôle d'AIF dans l'hématopoïèse grâce à un modèle murin invalidé pour AIF dans ce système. J'ai observé un blocage de différenciation thymique et le développement d'une pancytopénie sévère. J'ai démontré que cette dernière est associée à la perte des cellules souches hématopoïétiques dont j'ai testé les capacités ex vivo et in vivo. Pour comprendre les raisons de ce défaut, j'ai caractérisé les conséquences associées à la perte d'AIF : perte du complexe I de la chaine respiratoire, diminution d'activité de phosphorylation oxydative, diminution de la production d'ATP, augmentation des espèces réactives de l'oxygène. Cette deuxième étude démontre l'importance d'une phosphorylation oxydative fonctionnelle et de mitochondries saines pour une hématopoïèse normale et particulièrement pour le maintien des cellules souches hématopoïétiques<br>AIF is one of the cell death effectors released from mitochondria but it also possess a vital role by regulating the cellular respiration. Throughout this thesis work, I have focused my studies on these two functions. On one hand, I have performed a deeper characterization of the DNA alkylating agent induced regulated necrosis. I have identified RIP1 as a crucial determinant of this cell death pathway, hence linking it to necroptosis. I have also highlighted the role of BID, a BH3-only member of the BCL-2 family, in the mitochondrial release of AIF. I have shown that calpains proteases cleave BID into tBID which relocalize to mitochondria where it helps activating the pro-apoptotic factor BAX. This study contributes to reconsider the role of BH3-only proteins in cell death pathways beyond apoptosis. On the other hand, I have studied AIF role in hematopoiesis thanks to a mouse model with hematopoietic lineage-specific deletion of AIF. I have observed a block in T-cell development and the rapid development of severe pancytopenia. I have demonstrated that this pancytopenia is associated with the loss of hematopoietic stem cells whom capacities were tested both ex vivo and in vivo. In order to understand the underlying determinants of these defects, I have characterized the cellular consequences related to AIF deletion : loss of the respiratory chain complex I, decrease of the oxidative phosphorylation capacity, decreased levels of ATP, increased levels of reactive oxygen species. This second study reveals the importance of a proper oxidative phosphorylation system combined with healthy mitochondria for a normal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cells maintenance

This essay investigates how Southern society functions during the latter part of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in America. This is done by looking for signs of patriarchy, religion and its influence, and also at the expectations on women in the story “A Rose For Emily”, which takes place in Jefferson, Mississippi. Patriarchy, religion and expectations on women are visible through the analysis of the protagonist Miss Emily’s relationship to her father, her relationship to her lover Homer Barron and when she is on her own at the end of her life. Furthermore, the townspeople are the narrators in this story and how they treat and view Miss Emily in the three examined parts of her life represents how the American South functions. Also, the analysis is done with a feminist theoretical perspective. Through the analysis, the conclusion is made that the South is a very patriarchal and sexist society. Men are considered to be the superior sex and rule over women. Because of the Puritan religion, women live in an oppressive environment and live very strict lives. For Southern women, marriage is a must if they want to survive both socially and financially.

The population of girls being incarcerated continues to grow amid the decline of boy offenders. While society has seen an increase in violent offenses perpetrated by these girls, the majority are still detained on status offenses or for non-violent crimes. For many girls, school is a place to seek solace and safety. Yet, for a growing population of girls, the bond they once shared with school is disintegrating. This disconnect has proven to be a critical turning point in their lives. The purpose of this study is to give girls who have been removed from the general education setting a platform to share their educational experiences.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-27<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Introdução: Pacientes com Hepatite C frequentemente tendem a produzir autoanticorpos. No teste fator antinúcleo em células HEp-2 (ANA-HEp-20), esses autoanticorpos geram diversos padrões de imunofluorescência, sendo o nuclear pontilhado fino o mais frequente deles. Recentemente, tem sido descrito um novo padrão de ANA-HEp-2 em pacientes com HCV, denominado padrão Rods e Rings (R&R), caracterizado por anéis e bastões. Objetivos: Avaliar as características clínicas, virológicas e padrão de resposta terapêutica dos pacientes que apresentam autoanticorpos que geram o padrão R&R, bem como proceder a uma avaliação preliminar dos aspectos celulares e moleculares desse novo sistema de autoantígenos. Métodos: Amostras de soro coletadas de 1998 até 2008 de 597 pacientes foram submetidas ao teste de ANA-HEp-2 em lâminas Euroimmun ou INOVA e classificados como R&R positivos quando apresentaram fluorescência sob forma de bastões de 3 a 10μm de comprimento e anéis de 2 a 5μm de diâmetro no citoplasma das células HEp-2. Entre os pacientes testados, 342 tinham HCV e 200 tinham outras doenças hepáticas crônicas ou autoimunes reumáticas, além de 55 pacientes co-infectados com HCV+HIV. As informações clínicas, virológicas e terapêuticas foram coletadas de bancos de dados atrelados às amostras de soro dos pacientes. Células HEp-2, 3T3 e MH22A foram cultivadas normalmente e/ou submetidas à tratamentos in vitro (tripsina e ribavirina) e com dois métodos alternativos de fixação, para estudo das estruturas do R&R por imunofluorescência indireta simples ou com técnicas de dupla-marcação com amostras R&R-positivas e anticorpos antitubulina-alfa e anti-CTP-sintase. Resultados: Dos 342 pacientes com HCV, 51 (15%) apresentaram o padrão R&R, enquanto que dos 200 pacientes com outras doenças hepáticas ou autoimunes, apenas um apresentou o padrão R&R (p<0.0001). Dos pacientes com HCV, 174 eram tratados e 168 não tratados. Dos 174 tratados, 49 (28%) apresentaram o padrão R&R contra apenas dois (1%) dos não tratados (p<0.0001). De 134 tratados e com informação adequada sobre a medicação utilizada, 108 tomavam interferon-α e ribavirina e 23 tomavam apenas interferon-α. Quarenta e um (38%) dos 103 que tomavam interferon-α e ribavirina apresentaram o padrão R&R contra nenhum (0%) dos 23 que tomavam apenas interferon-α (p= 0.0001). Quanto aos outros padrões de ANA-HEp-2, dos 23 pacientes que tomavam apenas interferon-α, 12 (52%) foram positivos enquanto apenas 27 (25%) dos que tomavam interferon-α e ribavirina foram positivos (p= 0.010). 9% dos pacientes co-infectados com HCV+HIV apresentaram o padrão R&R. Não encontramos relação entre a presença do padrão R&R e o genótipo do vírus, a carga viral e os dados demográficos dos pacientes com HCV. A porcentagem de respondedores ao tratamento foi ligeiramente menor nos pacientes que apresentaram o R&R, porem sem atingir nível de significância estatística (p=0,150). Lâminas ANA-HEp-2 de algumas marcas comerciais que não Euroimmun e INOVA e aquelas elaboradas no próprio laboratório não apresentaram as estruturas do R&R. Quando tratadas in vitro com ribavirina ou tripsina, as células HEp-2 ou 3T3 e MH22A de camundongo cultivadas expressaram vários anéis e bastões reconhecidos pelas amostras de soro R&R-positivas. Não observamos colocalização das estruturas R&R com microtúbulos e observamos fraca colocalização dos anéis e bastões com CTP-sintase. Conclusões: Autoanticorpos associados ao padrão R&R ocorreram em íntima associação ao uso de interferon-α e ribavirina em pacientes com hepatite HCV, independentemente de serem portadores do HIV. Não houve associação às características demográficas dos pacientes, ao perfil de resposta terapêutica, ao genótipo do HCV ou à carga viral. As estruturas em anéis e bastões associadas ao padrão R&R não ocorrem nas condições normais avaliadas, podendo ser induzidas in vitro pela exposição à ribavirina ou à tripsina. Há algum grau de conservação filogenética dos autoantígenos associados ao padrão R&R. Evidências preliminares indicam a presença da enzima CTP-sintase nas estruturas em anéis e bastões reconhecidas pelos autoanticorpos humanos.<br>Introduction: Patients with Hepatitis C frequently produce autoantibodies. In the antinuclear antibody assay on HEp-2 cells (ANA-HEp-2) these autoantibodies generate several immunofluorescence patterns, and the nuclear fine speckled pattern is the most common. A novel ANA-HEp-2 pattern has been recently reported, characterized by the presence of rods and rings in the cytoplasm. Objectives: To study the clinical and virological features, as well as the profile of therapeutic response of patients presenting autoantibodies generating the rods and rings (R&R) ANA-HEp-2 pattern and to perform a preliminary analysis of the cellular and molecular aspects of this novel autoantigen system. Methods: Serum samples obtained from 1988 to 2008 from 597 patients were processed in the ANA-HEp-2 assay on Euroimmun or INOVA slides and classified as R&R-positive when presenting immunofluorescence as 3-10μm long rods and 2-5μm diameter rings in the cytoplasm of HEp-2 cells. Among the tested patients, 342 had HCV, 200 had other chronic liver diseases or rheumatic autoimmune diseases, and 55 had HCV and HIV. Clinical, virological, and treatment information was obtained from the clinical data bank. Human HEp-2, and murine 3T3, and MH22A cell lines were cultured as usual and under special stimuli (exposure to trypsin or ribavirin), and prepared with alternative fixation protocols for processing in single or double indirect immunofluorescence with human anti-R&R serum and antibodies to tubulin and to CTP-synthase. Results: Among the 342 HCV patients, 51 (15%) presented the R&R pattern as opposed to only one among the 200 patients with other liver diseases and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (p<0.001). Among the HCV patients, 174 had been treated and 168 had received no treatment. Among the 174 treated patients, 49 (28%) presented the R&R pattern as opposed to only two (1%) of the 168 non-treated HCV patients (p<0.001). Among 134 HCV treated patients with detailed information on the treatment protocol, 108 used interferon-α and ribavirin and 23 used only interferon-α. Forty-one (38%) of the R&R pattern as opposed to none of the 23 patients receiving only interferon-α (p=0.0001). In contrast, 12 (52%) of the 23 patients receiving only interferon-α presented other non-R&R ANA-HEp-2 patterns as opposed to only 27 (25%) of the 108 patients under interferon-α and ribavirin (p=0.01). 9% of the patients with HCV and HIV presented the R&R pattern. There was no association between the occurrence of the R&R pattern and HCV genotype, viral load, and demographic features. The frequency of sustained virologic response was slightly lower in the R&R-positive patients but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.15). ANA-HEp-2 slides from brands other than Euroimmun and INOVA, as well as in-house produced slides did not express the R&R structures. When treated in vitro with ribavirin or trypsin, HEp-2 cells and murine 3T3, and MH22A cell lines expressed prominent R&R structures recognized by human HCV serum samples. There was partial weak colocalization of CTP-synthase in the R&R structures but no colocalizadion of microtubule. Conclusions: autoantibodies associated with the R&R pattern were strongly associated with the use of interferon-α and ribavirin in patients with HCV, independently of co-infection with HIV. There was no association with demographic characteristics, the profile of therapeutic response, HCV genotype, and viral load. The rods and rings structures associated with the R&R pattern did not occur under normal conditions, but could be induced in vitro by exposure to ribavirin or trypsin. There is some degree of phylogenetic conservation of the autoantigens associated to the R&R pattern. Preliminary evidence indicates the presence of CTP-synthase in the cytoplasmic rods and rings structures recognized by human autoantibodies from HCV patients.<br>FAPESP: 2009/03796-5<br>FAPESP: 2010/50710-6<br>TEDE<br>BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

X–linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X–ALD) is the most common peroxisomal enzyme deficiency disorder, characterized by inborn mutations in the ABCD1 gene, an ATP–binding cassette (ABC) half–transporter. The ABCD1 gene encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP), the transporter for the very–long–chain fatty acids (VLCFA; C > 22:0) from the cytosol into the peroxisomes to enter the peroxisomal B–oxidation pathway. The diagnostic disease marker is the elevated levels of VLCFAs which accumulate in different tissues and body fluids, leading to inflammatory demyelination, neuro–deterioration and adrenocortical insufficiency. At present, there is no satisfactory therapy for X–ALD available. However, another peroxisomal ABC half–transporter, ALDRP can compensate for the functional loss of ALDP and is encoded by the ABCD2 gene. This prompted a new approach to treatment strategies. Phenylbutyric acid (PBA) over–expresses the ABCD2 gene, leading to an increased expression of ALDRP and PBA decreases VLCFA levels by increasing peroxisomal B–oxidation. This study had a dual aim: to determine the antioxidant capacity of PBA and to verify known and identify new metabolites of PBA. In vitro, HeLa cells were cultivated and treated with 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM and 5 mM PBA for 48 hours. The ROS, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and cell viability were determined using fluorescein–based flow cytometry. Images were taken to visualize the peroxisome proliferation. In vivo, a vervet monkey was given a single dose of 130 mg/kg PBA. Blood was collected before treatment and 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 3 hours after treatment. ROS, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation were determined by fluorescein–based flow cytometry. Urine was collected before treatment and 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 7 and 24 hours after PBA treatment. A standardised method, employing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), was used to analyse the organic acids in the urine and fatty acids in the blood. In vitro results showed decreased levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation with increased concentrations of PBA. PBA showed a protective effect towards the HeLa cells with reduced apoptosis and a high number of viable cells. In vivo levels of ROS en lipid peroxidation decreased over time of treatment with PBA. The fluorescence microscope images confirmed an increased number of peroxisomes after PBA treatment. The short term effect of PBA showed an initial, but small decrease in the levels of the fatty acids, suggesting induction over a longer period rather than activation of peroxisomal B–oxidation. New metabolites of phenylbutyrate were identified in the urine of a vervet monkey. These new metabolites originated from monooxygenase, N–phenylacetyl–glutamine synthases and B–oxidation byproducts. Recently discovered metabolites in humans and rats were also verified and confirmed in the vervet monkey. We therefore propose that treatment with PBA, on account of its beneficial effects of restoring VLCFA levels and reducing oxidative stress, could be considered a novel approach for the treatment of X–ALD.<br>Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmaceutical Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Il est bien connu que la synchronisation de l'activité oscillatoire dans les réseaux de neurones joue un rôle important dans le fonctionnement du cerveau et pour le traitement des informations données pas les neurones. Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse de l'activité de synchronisation en utilisant des outils et des méthodes issues de la théorie du contrôle et de la théorie de la stabilité. En particulier, deux modèles ont été étudiés pour décrire l'activité oscillatoire des réseaux de neurones : le modèle de Kuramoto et le modèle de Hindmarsh-Rose. Une partie de ce manuscript est consacrée à l'étude du modèle de Kuramoto, qui est un des systèmes les plus simples utilisé pour modéliser un réseau de neurones, avec une connexion complète (all-to-all). Il s'agit d'un modèle classique qui est utilisé comme une version simplifiée d'un réseau de neurones. Nous construisons un système linéaire qui conserve les informations sur les fréquences naturelles et sur les gains d'interconnexion du modèle original de Kuramoto. Les propriétés de stabilité de ce modèle sont ensuite analysées et nous montrons que les solutions de ce nouveau système linéaire convergent vers un cycle limite périodique et stable. Finalement, nous montrons que contraint au cycle limite, les dynamiques du système linéaire coïncident avec le modèle de Kuramoto. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons considéré un modèle de réseau de neurones plus proche de la réalité d'un point de vue biologique, mais qui est plus complexe que le modèle de Kuramoto. Plus précisément, nous avons utilisé le modèle de Hindmarsh-Rose pour décrire la dynamique de chaque neurone que nous avons interconnecté par un couplage diffusif (c'est à dire linéaire). A partir des propriétés de semi-passivité du modèle de Hindmarsh- Rose, nous avons analysé les propriétés de stabilité d'un réseau hétérogène de Rindmarsh-Rose. Nous avons également montré que ce réseau est pratiquement synchronisé pour une valeur suffisamment grande du gain d'interconnexion. D'autre part, nous avons caractérisé le comportement limite des neurones synchronisés et avons établi une approximation de ce comportement par une moyenne des dynamiques de tous les neurones.

Le carcinome pulmonaire est une affection grave et fréquente dont la prise en charge a été bouleversée ces dernières années, tant sur le plan diagnostique que pronostique ou « théranostique » avec l’avènement des « thérapies ciblées ». Ces dernières permettent une nette amélioration de la survie et du confort des patients éligibles, mais ne sont pas sans compliquer le travail médical, depuis le diagnostic de la maladie jusqu’au suivi régulier du patient, sans oublier le choix des traitements ou les problèmes techniques posés par la multiplication arborescente des altérations moléculaires à rechercher à partir d’un tissu tumoral souvent peu abondant dans ce contexte particulier de l’oncologie thoracique. Ce travail de thèse collige 5 travaux de recherche selon deux angles d’approche : les marqueurs moléculaires pronostiques et « théranostiques » du cancer pulmonaire, et les procédures de diagnostic in vivo de cette pathologie. Le premier axe comporte 4 articles. Les deux premiers concernent l’évaluation d’une nouvelle technique moléculaire, la LD-RT-PCR, dans la détection des translocation géniques du cancer pulmonaire : la première étude est une étude de faisabilité, la deuxième est un travail de validation. Le troisième article explore l’association entre la présence d’une mutation STK11 dans les carcinomes pulmonaires et l’expression de PDL1. Enfin, le quatrième article est une étude de cas illustrant l’importance de l’approche morphologique du cancer pulmonaire. Le second axe est représenté par un travail comparant une technique d’imagerie in vivo par voie endoscopique utilisant la micro-endoscopie confocale par laser avec l’approche microscopique conventionnelle<br>Lung cancer is a serious and frequent condition for which the management strategies have been dramatically modified in recent years, from a diagnostic, prognostic and “theranostic” perspective, most notably with the introduction of “targeted therapies”. The latter have demonstrated dramatic improvement in both quality of life and survival rates of eligible patients, yet consequently highlight new complications in diagnosis, treatment options or technical considerations which can be attributed to the growing number of molecular alterations to be detected from limited tissue samples frequently encountered in thoracic oncology. This work combines 5 different research papers from 2 different angles: prognostic and “theranostic” molecular markers of lung cancer, as well as in vivo diagnostic procedures of lung cancer. The first angle encompasses 4 articles. The first two evaluate a new molecular technique, LD-RT-PCR, to detect gene translocation in lung cancer. The third article explores the association between STK11 mutations in lung cancer and the expression of PDL1. Finally, the fourth article is a case report illustrating the importance of a morphological approach to lung cancer. The second angle compares in vivo imaging techniques by endoscopy using confocal laser microendoscopy alongside a conventional microscopic approach

<p>Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali<br>TA) is a Malaysian shrub used to treat various illnesses including male infertility. Considering that TA is also used to improve male fertility and no report&nbsp<br>regarding its safety has been published, this study investigated the effects of a patented, aqueous TA extract on various sperm and testicular functions. Materials and Methods This study&nbsp<br>encompasses two parts (part 1: on spermatozoa<br>part 2: on TM3-Leydig and TM4-Sertoli cells). Part 1: Semen samples of 27 patients and 13 fertile donors were divided into two groups,&nbsp<br>washed and swim-up prepared spermatozoa, and incubated with different concentrations of TA (1, 10, 20, 100, 2000 &mu<br>g/ml) for 1 hour at 37&deg<br>C. A sample without addition of TA served as control. After incubation with TA,&nbsp<br>the following parameters were evaluated: viability (Eosin-Nigrosin test), total and progressive motility (CASA), acrosome reaction (triple stain technique), sperm production of reactive oxygen&nbsp<br>species (ROS<br>dihydroethidium test<br>DHE), sperm DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay) and mitochondrial membrane potential (&Delta<br>&psi<br>m) (Depsipher kit). Part 2: TM3-Leydig and TM4-Sertoli cells&nbsp<br>incubated with different concentrations of TA (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 &mu<br>g/ml) and control (without extract) for 48 and 96 hours. After incubation with TA, the following parameters were&nbsp<br>evaluated: viability (XTT), cell proliferation (protein assay), testosterone (testosterone ELISA test) and pyruvate (pyruvate assay). Results Part 1: For washed spermatozoa, significant&nbsp<br>dose-dependent trends were found&nbsp<br>for viability, total motility, acrosome reaction and sperm ROS production. However, these trends were only significant if the highest concentrations were included in the calculation. In the swim-up spermatozoa, ROS production of spermatozoa showed a biphasic relationship with its lowest percentage at 10 &mu<br>g/ml, yet, no significance could be&nbsp<br>observed (P=0.9505). No influence of TA could be observed for sperm DNA fragmentation nor &Delta<br>&psi<br>m.</p>

Cette thèse a deux préoccupations principales : la présentation des peintures communément nommées farangi sāzi, et la carrière de l'artiste Ἁli Qoli Jebādār. Littéralement « faire » ou « construire » « à la manière européenne », l'expression peintures farangi sāzi désigne certaines productions de la peinture iranienne datant de la fin du XVIIe siècle. Ces peintures emploient visiblement les techniques du clair-obscur et de la perspective, et représentent de nouvelles scènes qui ne s'appuient pas toujours sur la littérature classique iranienne. Il semblerait cependant que le qualificatif du farangi sāzi s'agisse d'une expression orale assez flexible qui pourrait avoir été appliquée à plusieurs activités non associées à la tradition artisanale iranienne. Ces peintures ont été réalisées en majorité sous le règne de Shāh Soleymān (1666-1694). On a donc souligné l'existence d'une dualité entre les courtisans et l'entourage proche du shāh ou son sérail, au sein du pouvoir safavide à cette époque. Bien qu'il n'existe pas de trace écrite sur le patronage artistique de la Maison du roi, on a essayé d'indiquer la piste possible d'un mécénat de cette Maison royale. La deuxième partie de la thèse a été consacrée à Ἁli Qoli Jebādār et à la question de ses signatures, ses peintures, et aux modalités de sa carrière en général. Ainsi, on a souligné les points les plus emblématiques de la littérature concernant l'artiste et on a étudié les structures visuelles et théoriques de ses peintures. Dans la dernière partie, on a émis de nouvelles hypothèses sur la carrière et les origines incertaines de Ἁli Qoli Jebādār<br>This thesis has two main concerns: the presentation of commonly named Farangi Sazi paintings, and Ἁli Qoli Jebādār artistic career. Literally "make" or "build" in "the European manner", this term refers to some productions of the Iranian painting dating from the late 17th century. These paintings use visibly chiaroscuro and perspective, and show new scenes which do not always rely on Iranian classical literature. It seems however, that the expression of Farangi Sazi is a fairly flexible oral one, which could have been applied to several activities not associated with the Iranian craft tradition.These paintings were done mostly during the reign of Shah Soleiman (1666-1694), where existed a duality between the courtiers and the household of the Shah. Although there is no written evidence on the artistic patronage of the Royal household, we tried to indicate its possible track.The second part of the thesis was devoted to Ἁli Qoli Jebādār and the question of his signatures, his paintings, and the terms of his career in general. Thus, the most emblematic points of the literature about the artist have been stressed out. We have also studied the visual and theoretical structures of his paintings. In the last part, we issued new assumptions about career and uncertain origins of Ἁli Qoli Jebādār

Scholars and storytellers alike have deemed George MacDonald a great mythopoeic writer, an exemplar of the art. Examination of this accolade by those who first applied it to him proves it profoundly theological: for them a mythopoeic tale was a relational medium through which transformation might occur, transcending boundaries of time and space. The implications challenge much contemporary critical study of MacDonald, for they demand that his literary life and his theological life cannot be divorced if either is to be adequately assessed. Yet they prove consistent with the critical methodology MacDonald himself models and promotes. Utilizing MacDonald’s relational methodology evinces his intentional facilitating of Mythopoesis. It also reveals how oversights have impeded critical readings both of MacDonald’s writing and of his character. It evokes a redressing of MacDonald’s relationship with his Scottish cultural, theological, and familial environment – of how his writing is a response that rises out of these, rather than, as has so often been asserted, a mere reaction against them. Consequently it becomes evident that key relationships, both literary and personal, have been neglected in MacDonald scholarship – relationships that confirm MacDonald’s convictions and inform his writing, and the examination of which restores his identity as a literature scholar. Of particular relational import in this reassessment is A.J. Scott, a Scottish visionary intentionally chosen by MacDonald to mentor him in a holistic Weltanschauung. Little has been written on Scott, yet not only was he MacDonald’s prime influence in adulthood, but he forged the literary vocation that became MacDonald’s own. Previously unexamined personal and textual engagement with John Ruskin enables entirely new readings of standard MacDonald texts, as does the textual engagement with Matthew Arnold and F.D. Maurice. These close readings, informed by the established context, demonstrate MacDonald’s emergence, practice, and intent as a mythopoeic writer.

L'activació sostinguda de Hog1 porta a una inhibició del creixement cel·lular. En aquest treball, hem observat que el fenotip de letalitat causat per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 és parcialment inhibida per la mutació del complexe SCFCDC4. La inhibició de la mort causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 depèn de la via d'extensió de la vida. Quan Hog1 s'activa de manera sostinguda, la mutació al complexe SCFCDC4 fa que augmenti l'expressió gènica depenent de Msn2 i Msn4 que condueix a una sobreexpressió del gen PNC1 i a una hiperactivació de la deacetilassa Sir2. La hiperactivació de Sir2 és capaç d'inhibir la mort causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1.<br/> També hem observat que la mort cel·lular causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 és deguda a una inducció d'apoptosi. L'apoptosi induïda per Hog1 és inhibida per la mutació al complexe SCFCDC4. Per tant, la via d'extensió de la vida és capaç de prevenir l'apoptosi a través d'un mecanisme desconegut.<br>Sustained Hog1 activation leads to an inhibition of cell growth. In this work, we have observed that the lethal phenotype caused by sustained Hog1 activation is prevented by SCFCDC4 mutants. The prevention of Hog1-induced cell death by SCFCDC4 mutation depends on the lifespan extension pathway. Upon sustained Hog1 activation, SCFCDC4 mutation increases Msn2 and Msn4 dependent gene expression that leads to a PNC1 overexpression and a Sir2 deacetylase hyperactivation. Then, hyperactivation of Sir2 is able to prevent cell death caused by sustained Hog1 activation.<br/> We have also observed that cell death upon sustained Hog1 activation is due to an induction of apoptosis. The apoptosis induced by Hog1 is decreased by SCFCDC4 mutation. Therefore, lifespan extension pathway is able to prevent apoptosis by an unknown mechanism.

Bibliography: leaves 207-220.<br>220 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Pseudomonas corrigata strain 2140 (Pc2140), isolated from wheat field soil in Australia, antagonises the take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) in vitro and significantly reduces take-all symptoms on wheat in pot trials. This study investigates the mechanisms by which the biocontrol agent reduces the disease symptoms. Biochemical analysis of metabolites of P. corrugata 2140 reveal a number of compounds potentially antagonistic to Ggt and which may play a role in disease control. These include water-soluble antibiotics, siderophores, proteases, peptides and volatiles including hydrogen cyanide.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1996

碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>電子工程系碩士班<br>101<br>In this thesis, all-optical devices based on two-dimensional photonic crystals with square rods waveguide structure were proposed. Photonic crystals (PCs) are multidimensional nano-structured materials in which a periodic variation of the dielectric constant of the material results in a photonic band gap. Photons with wavelengths or energies in this band gap cannot travel through the crystal. By introducing or removing defects into PCs, it is possible to build waveguides that make the channel light along particular paths. It is also possible to construct micro-cavities that can localize photons in ultracompact volumes. In this thesis, we can design and simulate photonic crystal optical devices structure by using crystal defect, plane-wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain method.Firstly, by properly varying the size of the defect and modulating the size of cavity on the PCs, it could really drop the particular wavelength from the surface and introduced the particular wavelength into the waveguide. We proposed the structures with square dielectric rods that would function as Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM), and then the bandpass filter based on 2-D photonic crystals is proposed, and realize further the function as Coarse-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (CWDM). The transmission efficiencies are higher than 78%, the bandwidths are wider than 8 nm, crosstalk is less than -14.55dB and the largest transmission efficiency is 89% at wavelength 1550 nm. Besides, we applied to the optical triplexer and separate the wavelength 1310 nm, 1490 nm, 1550 nm. The transmission efficiencies are higher than 85%, the bandwidths are wider than 7.5 nm, and crosstalk is less than -26.98dB. Secondly, we utilize the feature of multimode interference and Mach-Zehnder interference for designing XOR, OR, NOR, and AND all-optical logic gates. The bandwidths of logic gates are wider than 3 nm, the ripples are less than -15.5dB and the transmission efficiencies are higher than 88%. Because nano-technology has been making great progress steadily, these devices will be potential key components in the applications of ultra-high-speed and ultra-high-capacity optical communications and optical data processing systems in the future.