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1
Geering, Andrew D. W. "The epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) in South Australia." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg298.pdf.
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2
Dennis, Jeremy Ian. "Chocolate spot of faba beans in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ad411pdf.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 81-100. Entry of inoculum into a crop and disease development in the crop cannot be prevented because spores are airborne and there is a lack of highly resistant varieties. This makes complete control of chocolate spot unlikely. It should however, be possible to improve current levels of disease control through the integration of the factors identified in the study.
3
Balali-Dehkordi, Gholam Reza. "Genetic variation of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 in South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb171.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Three pages of addenda pasted inside back cover. Bibliography: leaves 166-189. Rhizoctonia solani is a complex species comprising morphologically basidiomycetous imperfect fungi. This study aimed to determine genetic diversity within R. solani AG-3 causing rhizoctonia disease of potato in South Australia. For this purpose, pectic zymogram, PCR, DNA fingerprinting and RFLP techniques were used in conjunction with traditional plant pathology procedures.
4
Nicol, Julie. "The distribution, pathogenicity and population dynamics of Pratylenchus thornei on wheat in South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn634.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 224-236. The study aimed to determine the distribution of both P. thornei and P. neglectus in South Australia. Also to study the field and laboratory population dynamics of P. thornei in relation to wheat yields, to determine its host range on a variety of cereal and non-leguminous hosts and to identify possible sources of nematode resistant wheat cultivars/varieties. Preliminary experiments studied the involvement of root rotting fungi with the nematode in wheat disease.
5
Frost, William E. "The ecology of cereal rust mite Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa) in irrigated perennial dairy pastures in South Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf9398.pdf.
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6
De, Villiers M. (Marelize). "Die gebruik van 'n swaainet vir die monitering en diversiteitsbepaling van insekte op lusern in die Wes-Kaap." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52775.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lucerne is the most important pasture and fodder crop in the winter rainfall area of
South Africa. Various pests are known to cause damage to this crop. The use of the
sweep net for monitoring pests is a cheap, easy and quick technique. If the sweep net
is suitable for the lucerne pests in South Africa, potential pest status can be
determined easily and quickly and the necessary precautionary measures taken to
prevent crop losses. From a managerial point of view, it is also important to know
the composition of the insect community in order to follow practices in which the
number of beneficial insects can be increased and the injurious insects decreased.
Therefore a study was done to quantify the use of the sweep net as a survey
technique for monitoring pests on established lucerne stands. Insect diversity was
also determined to obtain information on the insect families and guilds on lucerne.
The redlegged earth mite, due to its importance as a pest, and the Anystis mite,
important as a predator, were also included.
The sweep net proved to be suitable for the sampling of the main lucerne pests. If a
29 cm diameter sweep net is swiped once per pace for six long paces, twelve
systematically chosen sampling units are recommended for the lucerne earth flea and
aphids. It is not necessary to differentiate amongst the three aphid species, or
between the winged and unwinged aphids. Actual counts should be used instead of
absence-presence data. Instead of counting all the insects in a sample, sub-samples
can be taken. Operational characteristic curves can be used to determine the risk
involved in the decision not to intervene, for example by spraying or grazing.
Recommendations for monitoring and the accuracy of control decisions for the
redlegged earth mite, Sitona weevil and lucerne butterfly can only be made after
threshold values have been determined.
The pea aphid, bluegreen aphid and lucerne earth flea showed peaks in their
population levels during spring. Peak numbers of the spotted alfalfa aphid occurred
during late summer and autumn. The Sitona weevil and lucerne butterfly numbers
reached peak levels during late spring and early summer. For all pests population levels were dramatically reduced after grazing or cutting of the plantings. Therefore,
these cultivation practices provided good control.
The herbivores made up more than 85% of the insect community in lucerne. The
largest herbivorous families, in terms of the number of individuals per family, were
the Aphididae and Sminthuridae. These two families contain the main lucerne pests,
the pea aphid, bluegreen aphid, spotted alfalfa aphid and the lucerne earth flea. The
largest predatory family was the Anystidae, represented by the Anystis mite, the
most important predator of the red legged earth mite and lucerne earth flea. Another
well represented predatory family was the Coccinellidae, containing natural enemies
of the aphids. The dryland plantings had a higher percentage of predators than the
irrigated lucerne.
The most important parasitaids were those in the superfamily Chalcidoidea and in
the family Braconidae. The main detritivores were springtails in the suborder
Arthropleona, insects in the families Mycetophilidae on irrigated lucerne, and
Mycetophagidae on dryland lucerne. The most abundant visitors were in the families
Chironomidae, Drosophilidae and Tephritidae. The dryland plantings had a lower
percentage of visitors than the irrigated plantings.
The number of insect families, as well as the number of individuals per family, was
lower at the dryland plantings than at the irrigated plantings. The vast majority of
insect families found on lucerne were collected during the one-year sampling period.
A lower diversity was found where grazing was more severe, and there was a
negative relationship between diversity and evenness.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lusern is die belangrikste wei- en voergewas 10 die winterreëngebied van Suid-
Afrika. Hierdie gewas word deur 'n verskeidenheid plae aangeval. Die gebruik van
die swaainet vir die monitering van plae is 'n goedkoop, maklike en vinnige tegniek.
lndien die swaainet geskik is vir die betrokke plae in Suid-Afrika, kan potensiële
plaagstatus van die plae dus maklik en vinnig bepaal word en die nodige
voorsorgmaatreëls getref word om verliese te voorkom. Vanuit 'n bestuursoogpunt
is dit ook belangrik om te weet wat die samestelling van die insekgemeenskap is
sodat praktyke gevolg kan word waardeur die getal voordelige insekte verhoog en
nadelige insekte verlaag word. Gevolglik is 'n studie uitgevoer om die gebruik van
die swaainet te kwantifiseer as 'n monsternemingsmetode vir die monitering van plae
op gevestigde lusernstande. Insekdiversiteit is ook bepaal ten einde inligting te
bekom oor die insekfamilies en -gildes op lusern. Die lusernerdvlooi en
swartsandmyt, vanweë hul belang as plae, en die Anystis-roofmyt, vanweë sy belang
as predator, is ook ingesluit.
Die swaainet blyk geskik te wees vir die monitering van die. vernaamste lusernplae.
Wanneer 'n 29 cm deursnee swaainet vir ses lang treë een keer per tree geswaai
word, word 12 sistematies gekose steekproefnemingseenhede vir die lusernerdvlooi
en plantluise aanbeveel. Daar hoef nie onderskeid tussen die plantluisspesies en
tussen gevleuelde en ongevleuelde plantluise getref te word nie. Daar moet gebruik
gemaak word van werklike insektellings en nie van aanwesigheid-afwesigheid data
nie. In plaas van om al die insekte in 'n monster te tel, kan submonsters geneem
word. Operasionele karakteristieke kurwes kan gebruik word om die risiko verbonde
aan die besluit om nie op te tree, deur byvoorbeeld te spuit of bewei nie, te bepaal.
Vir die swartsandmyt, Sitona-snuitkewer en lusernskoenlapper moet drempelwaardes
eers vasgestel word voordat aanbevelings vir monitering en die akkuraatheid van
besluite rakende beheer, gegee kan word.
Vir die ertjieluis, blougroenluis en lusernerdvlooi het die bevolkingsvlakke 'n piek in
die lente bereik. Die gevlekte lusernluis se piekgetalle was hoofsaaklik in die laat
somer en herfs. Die Sitona-snuitkewer en lusernskoenlapper het piekgetalle gehad in die laat lente en vroeë somer. Vir al die plae het bevolkingspieke drasties afgeneem
nadat die aanplantings bewei of gesny is. Hierdie verbouingspraktyke blyk dus goeie
beheer te verskaf.
Die herbivore op lusern het meer as 85% van die insekgemeenskap beslaan. Die
grootste herbivoorfamilies, in terme van aantal individue per familie, was die
Aphididae en Sminthuridae. Hierdie twee families bevat die vernaamste lusernplae,
naamlik die ertjieluis, blougroenluis, gevlekte lusernluis en lusernerdvlooi. Die
grootste predatoriese familie was die Anystidae, wat verteenwoordig is deur die
Anystis-roofmyt. 'n belangrike predator van die swartsandmyt en lusernerdvlooi.
Nog 'n predatoriese familie wat goed verteenwoordig was, was die Coccinellidae,
natuurlike vyande van plantluise. Die droëland aanplantings het 'n hoër persentasie
predatore gehad as die besproeide lusern.
Die belangrikste parasitoïede aanwesig was dié in die superfamilie Chalcidoidea en
familie Braconidae. Die vernaamste detritivore was erdvlooie in die suborde
Arthropleona, insekte in die families Mycetophilidae by besproeide lusern, en
Mycetophagidae by droëland lusern. Die volopste besoekers was lede van die
families Chironomidae, Drosophilidae en Tephritidae. Die droëland aanplantings het
'n laer persentasie besoekers gehad as die besproeide lusern.
Die aantal insekfamilies, asook die aantal individue per familie, was laer by die
droëland aanplantings as by die besproeide aanplantings. Die oorgrote meerderheid
insekfamilies wat op lusern voorkom, is gedurende die een jaar opnameperiode
waargeneem. 'n Laer insekdiversiteit is gevind waar beweiding strawwer was, en
daar was 'n negatiewe verband tussen diversiteit en gelykmatigheid.
7
Akiew, E. B. "Potato diseases in South Australia : studies in leafroll, early blight and bacterial wilt /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha315.pdf.
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8
Hossain, Mohammad Abul. "Powdery mildew on barley : pathogen variability in South Australia : resistance genes in cv. Galleon /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh8287.pdf.
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9
Taheri, Abdolhossein. "Interaction between root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, and root-rotting fungi of wheat." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht128.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 307-329. This study concludes that in soils in South Australia where root-rotting fungi and P. neglectus exist together, root disease of wheat is caused by their combined effect. Evidence suggests that P. neglectus not only contributes to this interaction through mechanical wounding of roots, but also causes biochemical and physiological changes in plants, making them more prone to fungal infection.
10
Huang, Chunyuan. "Mechanisms of Mn efficiency in barley." 1996, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh8739.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 131-153. This thesis investigates the mechanisms of manganese (Mn) efficiency (genetic tolerance to Mn-deficient soils) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at both physiological and molecular levels.
11
Yan, Jwo-Yee. "Studies on the behaviour of males of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ay21.pdf.
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12
Alfaro, Lemus Ana Lilia. "Factors influencing the control of citrophilous mealybug Pseudococcus calceolarie (Maskell) by Coccophagus gurneyi Compere in the Riverland of South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09IM/09iml562.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-114) The highly successful biological control of the citrophilous mealybug Pseudococcus calceolarie (Maskell) (CM) by the parasitic wasp Coccophagus gurneyi Compere in several countries led to the release of this parasitoid in the Riverland of South Australia as part of an integrated pest management program. However CM has not been successfully controlled in this region. The results of this study may help to explain the lack of effective biological control of CM in Riverland citrus.
13
Geering, Andrew D. W. "The epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus in narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) in South Australia / Andrew D.W. Geering." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21628.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-171).<br>xx, 171 leaves : ill. (some col.), photos ; 30 cm.<br>Studies factors affecting the rate of epidemic progress of cucumber mosaic virus in Lupinus angustifolius.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dept. of Crop Protection, University of Adelaide,1992
14
Dennis, Jeremy Ian. "Chocolate spot of faba beans in South Australia." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/109036.
Full textAbstract:
Entry of inoculum into a crop and disease development in the crop cannot be prevented because spores are airborne and there is a lack of highly resistant varieties. This makes complete control of chocolate spot unlikely. It should however, be possible to improve current levels of disease control through the integration of the factors identified in the study<br>Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Departments of Plant Science and Crop Protection, 1991
15
Barr, Andrew R. (Andrew Robert). "Strategies for the control of the foliar diseases of oats in South Australia." 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb268.pdf.
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16
Barr, Andrew Robert. "Strategies for the control of the foliar diseases of oats in South Australia / by Andrew R. Barr." 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21584.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: p. 410-429.<br>429 p., [20] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.), map ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1995?
17
Barr, Andrew Robert. "Strategies for the control of the foliar diseases of oats in South Australia / by Andrew R. Barr." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21584.
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18
Crisp, Peter. "Sustainable control of grapevine powdery mildew (Uncinula necator Schweinitz Burrill) in vineyards in South Australia." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59636.
Full textAbstract:
Title page, table of contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library.<br>Grapevine powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Uncinula necator Schweinitz Burrill, is a major disease affecting grape yield and quality worldwide. In conventional vineyards, the disease is controlled mainly by regular applications of sulphur and synthetic fungicides, such as demethylation inhibiting fungicides (DMIs), and in organic agriculture by sulphur and canola-based oils. The impending restrictions on the use of sulphur in organic viticulture, the development of resistance to DMls in Australia and elsewhere, and the demand for residue-free grapes create a need for effective alternatives to sulphur and synthetic chemicals. This research has identified potential replacements for synthetic fungicides and sulphur in the control of powdery mildew, such as milk, whey, bicarbonates and canola oil-based sprays. A series of greenhouse experiments was conducted to evaluate 34 potential novel materials and biological agents for efficacy in controlling powdery mildew. The most effective treatments applied were Bacillus subtilis (which reduced disease by 94% compared to the untreated control), Synertrol Horti-Oil® (a canola oil-based product, 92%), milk (70%), whey (64%) and Ecocarb® (potassium bicarbonate, 58%). Milk and whey provided increased control of powdery mildew as the concentration increased. The efficacy of milk tended to decrease as the fat content of the milk was reduced. The materials that were most promising in the greenhouse were then assessed in field trials in commercial vineyards. Applications of milk, whey and mixtures of a canola oil-based product and potassium bicarbonate, applied at rates of 300 L/ha to 1000 L/ha depending on canopy development, reduced the severity of powdery mildew. The severity of powdery mildew on vines sprayed with a 1:10 dilution of milk, 45 g/L whey powder and mixed programs was not significantly different from that on vines sprayed with sulphur (wettable powder, 3 g/L). However, the relative control of powdery mildew by the test materials in field trials was highly dependent on the degree of coverage of the plant surface achieved. In vineyards where coverage was compromised, the degree of control of powdery mildew was reduced, often to commercially unacceptable levels. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the possible mode or modes of action of milk and whey in the control of powdery mildew. The ESR experiments showed that production of oxygen radicals by various components of milk in natural light was associated with reduced severity of powdery mildew. SEM images showed that milk and whey caused the hyphae of U necator to collapse and damaged conidia within 24 h of treatment. Hydrogen peroxide, applied as a source of free radicals, also caused collapse of the hyphae of U necator within 24 h but did not damage conidia, and appeared to stimulate germination. Lactoferrin (an antimicrobial component of milk) ruptured conidia, but damage to hyphae was not evident in lactoferrin-treated samples until 48 h after treatment. The results suggested that fats, free radical production along with the action of lactoferrin, and possibly other proteins, are associated with the control of powdery mildew by milk. Novel soft fungicides, such as milk and oil plus bicarbonate mixtures, were effective alternatives to sulphur and synthetic fungicides in certain South Australian conditions. Biological agents (including B. subtilis, which was highly effective in greenhouse experiments) did not provide acceptable control of powdery mildew in the vineyard.<br>http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1116612<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2004
19
Crisp, Peter. "Sustainable control of grapevine powdery mildew (Uncinula necator Schweinitz Burrill) in vineyards in South Australia." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/59636.
Full textAbstract:
Grapevine powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Uncinula necator Schweinitz Burrill, is a major disease affecting grape yield and quality worldwide. In conventional vineyards, the disease is controlled mainly by regular applications of sulphur and synthetic fungicides, such as demethylation inhibiting fungicides (DMIs), and in organic agriculture by sulphur and canola-based oils. The impending restrictions on the use of sulphur in organic viticulture, the development of resistance to DMls in Australia and elsewhere, and the demand for residue-free grapes create a need for effective alternatives to sulphur and synthetic chemicals. This research has identified potential replacements for synthetic fungicides and sulphur in the control of powdery mildew, such as milk, whey, bicarbonates and canola oil-based sprays.
A series of greenhouse experiments was conducted to evaluate 34 potential novel materials and biological agents for efficacy in controlling powdery mildew. The most effective treatments applied were Bacillus subtilis (which reduced disease by 94% compared to the untreated control), Synertrol Horti-Oil® (a canola oil-based product, 92%), milk (70%), whey (64%) and Ecocarb® (potassium bicarbonate, 58%). Milk and whey provided increased control of powdery mildew as the concentration increased. The efficacy of milk tended to decrease as the fat content of the milk was reduced.
The materials that were most promising in the greenhouse were then assessed in field trials in commercial vineyards. Applications of milk, whey and mixtures of a canola oil-based product and potassium bicarbonate, applied at rates of 300 L/ha to 1000 L/ha depending on canopy development, reduced the severity of powdery mildew. The severity of powdery mildew on vines sprayed with a 1:10 dilution of milk, 45 g/L whey powder and mixed programs was not significantly different from that on vines sprayed with sulphur (wettable powder, 3 g/L). However, the relative control of powdery mildew by the test materials in field trials was highly dependent on the degree of coverage of the plant surface achieved. In vineyards where coverage was compromised, the degree of control of powdery mildew was reduced, often to commercially unacceptable levels.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the possible mode or modes of action of milk and whey in the control of powdery mildew. The ESR experiments showed that production of oxygen radicals by various components of milk in natural light was associated with reduced severity of powdery mildew. SEM images showed that milk and whey caused the hyphae of U necator to collapse and damaged conidia within 24 h of treatment. Hydrogen peroxide, applied as a source of free radicals, also caused collapse of the hyphae of U necator within 24 h but did not damage conidia, and appeared to stimulate germination. Lactoferrin (an antimicrobial component of milk) ruptured conidia, but damage to hyphae was not evident in lactoferrin-treated samples until 48 h after treatment. The results suggested that fats, free radical production along with the action of lactoferrin, and possibly other proteins, are associated with the control of powdery mildew by milk.
Novel soft fungicides, such as milk and oil plus bicarbonate mixtures, were effective alternatives to sulphur and synthetic fungicides in certain South Australian conditions. Biological agents (including B. subtilis, which was highly effective in greenhouse experiments) did not provide acceptable control of powdery mildew in the vineyard.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, 2004
20
Kitt, Jörg Thomas. "Introduction of Aphidius rosae into Australia for biological control of the rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae)." 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk608.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 221-240. This thesis deals with the introduction of "Aphidius rosae" as a classical biological control agent into South-Eastern Australia. Appropriate host specificity tests are carried out. Laboratory experiments are also completed to gain a better understanding of the interactions between host and parasitoid in the field. The study aims to monitor the performance of the control agent in the Adelaide environment for the first two years after initial release. It is also planned to invent an experimental field technique to estimate the impact of the control agent on rose aphid populations.
21
Kitt, Jorg Thomas. "Introduction of Aphidius rosae into Australia for biological control of the rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) / by Jorg Thomas Kitt." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18781.
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Bibliography: leaves 221-240.<br>viii, 240, [13] leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>This thesis deals with the introduction of "Aphidius rosae" as a classical biological control agent into South-Eastern Australia. Appropriate host specificity tests are carried out. Laboratory experiments are also completed to gain a better understanding of the interactions between host and parasitoid in the field. The study aims to monitor the performance of the control agent in the Adelaide environment for the first two years after initial release. It is also planned to invent an experimental field technique to estimate the impact of the control agent on rose aphid populations.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1997
22
Kitt, Jorg Thomas. "Introduction of Aphidius rosae into Australia for biological control of the rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae) / by Jorg Thomas Kitt." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18781.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 221-240.<br>viii, 240, [13] leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm.<br>This thesis deals with the introduction of "Aphidius rosae" as a classical biological control agent into South-Eastern Australia. Appropriate host specificity tests are carried out. Laboratory experiments are also completed to gain a better understanding of the interactions between host and parasitoid in the field. The study aims to monitor the performance of the control agent in the Adelaide environment for the first two years after initial release. It is also planned to invent an experimental field technique to estimate the impact of the control agent on rose aphid populations.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1997
23
Davidson, J. A. (Jennifer A. ). "Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis and barley leaf scald in South Australia." 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ad252.pdf.
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Lush, Angela L. "Biology and ecology of the introduced snail Microxeromagna armillata in south eastern Australia." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37983.
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Microxeromagna armillata ( Lowe, 1852 ) is a snail introduced snail to Australia which has established populations in the Riverland and Sunraysia citrus growing regions. Citrus exported from these regions to the USA has been rejected due to contamination with M. armillata, causing significant economic losses. The life history, phenology and activity of Microxeromagna armillata has not been studied in Australia : this forms the basis of this thesis. Microxeromagna armillata employs an iteroparous egg laying strategy in semi - field conditions and lays approximately 500 eggs per year. Field populations can reach high densities ( ∼ 4000 snails / m ² ), particularly during the winter months when juvenile recruitment occurs. Snails reach sexual maturity at ∼ 6mm in shell diameter and can grow to this size from a juvenile stage ( 2mm ) within six weeks. Microxeromagna armillata can reproduce successfully by self-fertilisation, and juveniles are able to aestivate with little reduction in subsequent fecundity. These traits make control of this pest a significant challenge. Leaf litter is the preferred habitat of M. armillata, but snails do move in the tree canopy. Cues for snail activity in the leaf litter and canopy appear to differ, as does the size of active snails in these areas. Microxeromagna armillata activity was low in the tree canopy during harvest compared to post harvest, intimating that fruit contamination is either occurring infrequently or post - harvest. Copper trunk bands were shown to minimise snail movement into the canopy and may be an important preventative measure. These findings have changed the recommendations for M. armillata management in citrus groves of south eastern Australia.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007.
25
Frost, William E. "The ecology of cereal rust mite Abacarus hystrix (Nalepa) in irrigated perennial dairy pastures in South Australia / by William E. Frost." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18667.
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Inwood, Richard J. (Richard James). "The impact of annual grasses and grass removal with herbicides on carry-over of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)." 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ai63.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 82-89. This study is aimed at providing information on control measures against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (abbreviated to Ggt) in annual pastures across southern Australia. The impact of timing of herbicide application, the impact of variation in timing of rainfall patterns, as well as herbicide application on the control of Ggt are also discussed. Additional experiments examine the ability of grass genera to host and carry over Ggt.
27
Inwood, Richard James. "The impact of annual grasses and grass removal with herbicides on carry-over of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici)." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/109038.
Full textAbstract:
This study is aimed at providing information on control measures against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (abbreviated to Ggt) in annual pastures across southern Australia. The impact of timing of herbicide application, the impact of variation in timing of rainfall patterns, as well as herbicide application on the control of Ggt are also discussed. Additional experiments examine the ability of grass genera to host and carry over Ggt<br>Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1997
28
Akiew, E. B. "Potato diseases in South Australia : studies on leafroll, early blight and bacterial wilt / by E.B. Akiew." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19845.
Full text
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Lush, Angela L. "Biology and ecology of the introduced snail Microxeromagna armillata in south eastern Australia." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37983.
Full textAbstract:
Microxeromagna armillata ( Lowe, 1852 ) is a snail introduced snail to Australia which has established populations in the Riverland and Sunraysia citrus growing regions. Citrus exported from these regions to the USA has been rejected due to contamination with M. armillata, causing significant economic losses. The life history, phenology and activity of Microxeromagna armillata has not been studied in Australia : this forms the basis of this thesis. Microxeromagna armillata employs an iteroparous egg laying strategy in semi - field conditions and lays approximately 500 eggs per year. Field populations can reach high densities ( ∼ 4000 snails / m ² ), particularly during the winter months when juvenile recruitment occurs. Snails reach sexual maturity at ∼ 6mm in shell diameter and can grow to this size from a juvenile stage ( 2mm ) within six weeks. Microxeromagna armillata can reproduce successfully by self-fertilisation, and juveniles are able to aestivate with little reduction in subsequent fecundity. These traits make control of this pest a significant challenge. Leaf litter is the preferred habitat of M. armillata, but snails do move in the tree canopy. Cues for snail activity in the leaf litter and canopy appear to differ, as does the size of active snails in these areas. Microxeromagna armillata activity was low in the tree canopy during harvest compared to post harvest, intimating that fruit contamination is either occurring infrequently or post - harvest. Copper trunk bands were shown to minimise snail movement into the canopy and may be an important preventative measure. These findings have changed the recommendations for M. armillata management in citrus groves of south eastern Australia.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2007.
30
Bratoloveanu, J. I. "Species of Pythium associated with barley in South Australia / by J.I. Bratoloveanu." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20339.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 140-158<br>ix, 158 leaves, [23] leaves of plates : ill., 1 map ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.1985) Dept. of Plant Pathology, University of Adelaide
31
Bratoloveanu, J. I. "Species of Pythium associated with barley in South Australia / by J.I. Bratoloveanu." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20339.
Full text
32
Head, Elise. "Ecology of the Fergusonina fly and Fergusobia nematode gall association in South Australia." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/48390.
Full textAbstract:
Attempts were made to grow Fergusobia nematodes in a dual aseptic culture with Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Callus tissue was grown from E. camaldulensis stem pieces in aseptic conditions. Calli were prone to deterioration after 14 days unless transferred to fresh growth medium. Lower levels of solutes (25% Murashige and Skoog salts, 25% plant vitamins and 0.5% sucrose) were more successful than published concentrations. Fergusobia J2 nematodes were surface sterilised with either Hibitane or washed with water to prepare them for inoculation of callus (Hay, 1994). Fergusobia subsequently recovered from plates of callus were all dead, which raised questions of how the nematodes are suited to Murashige and Skoog salt solutions. The survival of Fergusobia in aqueous solutions was then observed. It has been assumed that Fergusobia live about 2 days after dissection. Amphimictic nematodes from E. camaldulensis axial bud galls were used for a survival study. Nematodes lived for as long as 12 days in fresh tap water and 11 days in 1% M.S. solution. They were more active in tap water than in 1% M.S. solution. Nematodes in a dish together with dissected gall material died within 2 days. Nematodes in a separate dish with fresh tap water and clean gall fibres were observed to gather around the fibres. Observations of Fergusobia could be made within fresh solutions providing deteriorating gall tissues were removed from the dish. Gall production was attempted on E. camaldulensis grown in the glasshouse. These tree saplings were pruned to encourage new growth and periodically treated for infestations of scale insects leading to growth of sooty mould. Two forms of cage construction were used: (1) 1 m ³ screened cages and (2) acetate sleeves as used by Goolsby et al., 2000. Within the 1 m ³ cages containing flies, the growing points on saplings were blackened, possibly due to over-exploitation by ovipositing flies. One growing point caged in an acetate sleeve showed oviposition scars but did not produce a mature gall. Production of galls in the glasshouse was hindered by a lack in coincidence of flies emerging from mature galls and the flush of new growth following pruning. The production of galls within the glasshouse was not achieved. The phenology of E. camaldulensis, a host for the Fergusonina/Fergusobia mutualism, and gall ecology were observed in a two-year, non-destructive, field study in the Urrbrae Wetlands, Adelaide, South Australia. Tree growth and gall development was observed in the lower regions (0 – 2 m) of young trees. Three bud forms, terminal leaf bud, axial leaf bud and flower bud galls were monitored on the trees. The densities of galls were highly seasonal. Greatest density of growing points, axial leaf bud and flower bud galls occurred mostly during mid-winter to spring, whereas that of terminal leaf bud galls occurred during mid-spring to summer. Galling of flower buds did not appear to influence flowering and more flower buds and flowers occurred in the second year of the study as the trees matured. Trees mostly had medium (30-70%) levels of leaf damage, but there were seasonal trends in damage levels. Low scores for leaf damage were associated with increases in flower bud and flower production. Leaf damage, including sooty mould, appeared to increase during the cooler winter months. There were no significant seasonal relationships between levels of leaf damage and either growing point density or the occurrence of galls. When trees were compared with each other, those with lower leaf damage were more likely to have more growing points. The appearance of the canopy and the likelihood of a tree to have galls varied greatly between the trees. One tree was particularly susceptible to leaf attack, rarely had new leaves and produced no mature galls during the study. The colouring of leaves varied between trees, which indicates possible genetic variations causing some trees to be more likely hosts for Fergusonina/Fergusobia. Both new vegetative growth and terminal leaf bud galls were concentrated on the northern and eastern quadrants. Axial leaf bud and flower bud galls occurred more on the western or southern quadrants where they were possibly more protected from sun exposure on the northern or eastern quadrants. Axial galls on the northern side of one tree became reddened while those in the southern and western quadrants remained green. Reddening of axial galls may increase their likelihood of parasitism and predation by birds. Each of the three gall forms occurred within certain positions in the canopy. The tree host resource is partitioned effectively, with the three gall forms occurring on three different host structures. Additionally, the two vegetative forms terminal leaf bud and axial leaf bud galls occur on different shoot regions and in different seasons. The numbers of the galls is probably also affected by biotic and climatic influences. Parasitism, plant canopy shading, nutrient levels and host genetics are possible influences. Assuming an interval of 4 weeks between oviposition and first observation within the current study, terminal leaf bud galls had an average longevity of 11 weeks and axial leaf bud galls an average longevity of 14 weeks. Flower bud galls had longevities of 14 to 27 weeks from oviposition to senescence, assuming an interval of 6 weeks between oviposition and first observation within the current study. Flowers and flower buds occur irregularly within the eucalypts so it would be advantageous for flies and nematodes developing within flower bud galls to have extended or variable longevities to allow fly emergences to coincide with new flower buds. Not all of the galls recorded matured to produce adult flies. Nearly half of the terminal leaf bud galls initiated were aborted, recorded as absent, parasitised or eaten (45% of initiated galls). Of the three gall forms, they were the most prone to obvious parasitism and as many as 12 hymenopteran species have been reared from terminal leaf bud galls on E. camaldulensis (Taylor et al., 1996). These galls obviously provide a resource for many species within multiple trophic levels. Fourteen percent of axial leaf bud galls were absent or eaten and birds were seen breaking off and feeding on the galls. More than half (55%) of the initiated flower bud galls disappeared during the period of observation, possibly due to the foraging of birds. Destructive sampling and rearing out of parasitoids from both axial leaf bud and flower bud gall forms is needed to establish what species exist within them. Terminal leaf bud galls ranged from 7.5 to 30.1 mm in diameter and 10.0 to 43.6 mm in length. Flower bud gall size varied, with the largest being 15.0 mm by 22.3 mm. Axial leaf bud galls, ranged from 2.6 to 13.0 mm in diameter and length ranged from 2.3 to 10.5 mm. The larger axial leaf bud galls were nodular and appeared to have multiple locules. Destructive sampling and rearing out of flies is needed to establish the relationship between size and numbers of flies emerging. Terminal leaf bud galls increased in size, including many locules and exit holes per gall. Axial leaf bud galls were much smaller than the terminal leaf bud galls and 99% had only one to three exit holes. The rounded shape and presence of few locules within the axial leaf bud galls indicate that this form is limited to a shape and size producing few flies. The observation of greater size of terminal leaf bud galls suggests that these galls may have multiple foundresses. Twelve of the 13 flower bud galls with exit holes had either one or two holes. In flower bud galls on E. camaldulensis. the operculum remains sealed and the characteristic Fergusonina “window” appears at the side of the flower bud before fly emergence through a single hole. Destructive sampling is also necessary to determine parasitism of each of the gall forms.<br>http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1331016<br>Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2008
33
Head, Elise. "Ecology of the Fergusonina fly and Fergusobia nematode gall association in South Australia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/48390.
Full textAbstract:
Attempts were made to grow Fergusobia nematodes in a dual aseptic culture with Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Callus tissue was grown from E. camaldulensis stem pieces in aseptic conditions. Calli were prone to deterioration after 14 days unless transferred to fresh growth medium. Lower levels of solutes (25% Murashige and Skoog salts, 25% plant vitamins and 0.5% sucrose) were more successful than published concentrations.
Fergusobia J2 nematodes were surface sterilised with either Hibitane or washed with water to prepare them for inoculation of callus (Hay, 1994). Fergusobia subsequently recovered from plates of callus were all dead, which raised questions of how the nematodes are suited to Murashige and Skoog salt solutions.
The survival of Fergusobia in aqueous solutions was then observed. It has been assumed that Fergusobia live about 2 days after dissection. Amphimictic nematodes from E. camaldulensis axial bud galls were used for a survival study. Nematodes lived for as long as 12 days in fresh tap water and 11 days in 1% M.S. solution. They were more active in tap water than in 1% M.S. solution. Nematodes in a dish together with dissected gall material died within 2 days. Nematodes in a separate dish with fresh tap water and clean gall fibres were observed to gather around the fibres. Observations of Fergusobia could be made within fresh solutions providing deteriorating gall tissues were removed from the dish.
Gall production was attempted on E. camaldulensis grown in the glasshouse. These tree saplings were pruned to encourage new growth and periodically treated for infestations of scale insects leading to growth of sooty mould. Two forms of cage construction were used: (1) 1 m ³ screened cages and (2) acetate sleeves as used by Goolsby et al., 2000. Within the 1 m ³ cages containing flies, the growing points on saplings were blackened, possibly due to over-exploitation by ovipositing flies. One growing point caged in an acetate sleeve showed oviposition scars but did not produce a mature gall. Production of galls in the glasshouse was hindered by a lack in coincidence of flies emerging from mature galls and the flush of new growth following pruning. The production of galls within the glasshouse was not achieved.
The phenology of E. camaldulensis, a host for the Fergusonina/Fergusobia mutualism, and gall ecology were observed in a two-year, non-destructive, field study in the Urrbrae Wetlands, Adelaide, South Australia. Tree growth and gall development was observed in the lower regions (0 – 2 m) of young trees. Three bud forms, terminal leaf bud, axial leaf bud and flower bud galls were monitored on the trees.
The densities of galls were highly seasonal. Greatest density of growing points, axial leaf bud and flower bud galls occurred mostly during mid-winter to spring, whereas that of terminal leaf bud galls occurred during mid-spring to summer.
Galling of flower buds did not appear to influence flowering and more flower buds and flowers occurred in the second year of the study as the trees matured.
Trees mostly had medium (30-70%) levels of leaf damage, but there were seasonal trends in damage levels. Low scores for leaf damage were associated with increases in flower bud and flower production. Leaf damage, including sooty mould, appeared to increase during the cooler winter months. There were no significant seasonal relationships between levels of leaf damage and either growing point density or the occurrence of galls. When trees were compared with each other, those with lower leaf damage were more likely to have more growing points. The appearance of the canopy and the likelihood of a tree to have galls varied greatly between the trees. One tree was particularly susceptible to leaf attack, rarely had new leaves and produced no mature galls during the study. The colouring of leaves varied between trees, which indicates possible genetic variations causing some trees to be more likely hosts for Fergusonina/Fergusobia.
Both new vegetative growth and terminal leaf bud galls were concentrated on the northern and eastern quadrants. Axial leaf bud and flower bud galls occurred more on the western or southern quadrants where they were possibly more protected from sun exposure on the northern or eastern quadrants. Axial galls on the northern side of one tree became reddened while those in the southern and western quadrants remained green. Reddening of axial galls may increase their likelihood of parasitism and predation by birds.
Each of the three gall forms occurred within certain positions in the canopy. The tree host resource is partitioned effectively, with the three gall forms occurring on three different host structures. Additionally, the two vegetative forms terminal leaf bud and axial leaf bud galls occur on different shoot regions and in different seasons. The numbers of the galls is probably also affected by biotic and climatic influences. Parasitism, plant canopy shading, nutrient levels and host genetics are possible influences.
Assuming an interval of 4 weeks between oviposition and first observation within the current study, terminal leaf bud galls had an average longevity of 11 weeks and axial leaf bud galls an average longevity of 14 weeks. Flower bud galls had longevities of 14 to 27 weeks from oviposition to senescence, assuming an interval of 6 weeks between oviposition and first observation within the current study. Flowers and flower buds occur irregularly within the eucalypts so it would be advantageous for flies and nematodes developing within flower bud galls to have extended or variable longevities to allow fly emergences to coincide with new flower buds.
Not all of the galls recorded matured to produce adult flies. Nearly half of the terminal leaf bud galls initiated were aborted, recorded as absent, parasitised or eaten (45% of initiated galls). Of the three gall forms, they were the most prone to obvious parasitism and as many as 12 hymenopteran species have been reared from terminal leaf bud galls on E. camaldulensis (Taylor et al., 1996). These galls obviously provide a resource for many species within multiple trophic levels. Fourteen percent of axial leaf bud galls were absent or eaten and birds were seen breaking off and feeding on the galls. More than half (55%) of the initiated flower bud galls disappeared during the period of observation, possibly due to the foraging of birds. Destructive sampling and rearing out of parasitoids from both axial leaf bud and flower bud gall forms is needed to establish what species exist within them.
Terminal leaf bud galls ranged from 7.5 to 30.1 mm in diameter and 10.0 to 43.6 mm in length. Flower bud gall size varied, with the largest being 15.0 mm by 22.3 mm. Axial leaf bud galls, ranged from 2.6 to 13.0 mm in diameter and length ranged from 2.3 to 10.5 mm. The larger axial leaf bud galls were nodular and appeared to have multiple locules. Destructive sampling and rearing out of flies is needed to establish the relationship between size and numbers of flies emerging.
Terminal leaf bud galls increased in size, including many locules and exit holes per gall. Axial leaf bud galls were much smaller than the terminal leaf bud galls and 99% had only one to three exit holes. The rounded shape and presence of few locules within the axial leaf bud galls indicate that this form is limited to a shape and size producing few flies. The observation of greater size of terminal leaf bud galls suggests that these galls may have multiple foundresses. Twelve of the 13 flower bud galls with exit holes had either one or two holes. In flower bud galls on E. camaldulensis. the operculum remains sealed and the characteristic Fergusonina “window” appears at the side of the flower bud before fly emergence through a single hole. Destructive sampling is also necessary to determine parasitism of each of the gall forms.<br>Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2008
34
Fitzgibbon, Frances 1954. "Woolly apple aphid : interactions within an orchad system." 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf5542.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Errata and addenda attached. Bibliography: leaves 195-211. This thesis is concerned with the biology of Eriosoma lanigerum (WAA) and its parasitoid (Aphelinus mali), the impact of the pest on the crop and the effects of pesticides used routinely in South Australian orchards on both woolly apple aphid and the parasitic wasp. The study identifies current management practices of apple growers in South Australia. Aspects of the biology of WAA and A.mali are examined. Work is also done on the toxicity against WAA and A.mali of insecticides used in the control of codling moth and phytophagous mites. The effects of WAA infestation on the growth of young trees are investigated. The seasonal activity of WAA on mature trees is determined over a two season period.
35
Balali-Dehkordi, Gholam Reza. "Genetic variation of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 in South Australia / by Gholam Reza Balali-Dehkordi." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18686.
Full textAbstract:
Three pages of addenda pasted inside back cover.<br>Bibliography: leaves 166-189.<br>xii, 189, [12] leaves, [24] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.), map ; 30 cm.<br>Rhizoctonia solani is a complex species comprising morphologically basidiomycetous imperfect fungi. This study aimed to determine genetic diversity within R. solani AG-3 causing rhizoctonia disease of potato in South Australia. For this purpose, pectic zymogram, PCR, DNA fingerprinting and RFLP techniques were used in conjunction with traditional plant pathology procedures.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Crop Protection, 1996?
36
Farr, Janet Dawn. "The performance of `Uraba lugens` Walker (Lepidoptera : nolidae) in relation to nitrogen and phenolics in its food / by Janet Dawn Farr." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20376.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 137-167<br>viii, 189 leaves, [31] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Entomology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 1986
37
Farr, Janet Dawn. "The performance of Uraba lugens Walker (Lepidoptera : nolidae) in relation to nitrogen and phenolics in its food." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20376.
Full text
38
McGee, P. A. (Peter Allan). "Role of mycorrhizas in the regeneration of arid zone plants." 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1448.pdf.
Full text
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Carne, Vanessa Lynne. "Ecology of Mediterranean snails in Southern Australian agriculture : a study of Cernuella virgata and Cochlicella acuta on the Yorke Peninsula / Vanessa L. Carne." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22109.
Full textAbstract:
"August 2003."<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-333)<br>2 v. (xxxi, 333 leaves) ; ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture and Wine, Discipline of Plant and Pest Science, 2005
40
Paull, Cate. "The ecology of key arthropods for the management of Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Coonawarra vineyards, South Australia." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/47971.
Full textAbstract:
There is currently little knowledge about the dynamics of invertebrates in Australian viticultural ecosystems. This study was conducted in Coonawarra vineyards over three seasons (years) and has focused on identifying natural enemies, their seasonal phenology, multiple species interactions, and potential for the suppression of the pest lepidopteran Epiphyas postvittana (Tortricidae). The work presented in this thesis shows that endemic natural enemies have far greater potential to control E. postvittana than has been realised. An initial survey identified a diverse and abundant range of potential natural enemies. Of these, the species most likely to attack E. postvittana include a predatory mite Anystis baccarum and a number of hymenopteran parasitoids. The most abundant parasitoid in the vineyards was a braconid, Dolichogenidea tasmanica. Understanding the characteristic behaviour of parasitoids in response to host density can help to gauge their potential for pest suppression. The results of large-scale field experiments showed that the response of D. tasmanica to the density of E. postvittana was inversely density-dependent, and that parasitism was consistently higher in Cabernet Sauvignon compared with Chardonnay varieties. Despite the fact that interactions among multiple species of natural enemies can increase or decrease pest suppression, particularly when they share a common prey/host, few multispecies interactions have been investigated. Laboratory studies identified a novel interaction between the predatory mite A. baccarum an abundant predator in the vine canopy, the parasitoid D. tasmanica and host E. postvittana larvae. Although A. baccarum readily ate E. postvittana eggs and free roaming larvae, they could not access larva in their silk leaf rolls. However, the addition of D. tasmanica significantly increased predation of E. postvittana larvae, by altering the behaviour of host larvae and increasing their vulnerability to the mite. Experiments conducted at a landscape level in the Coonawarra showed that D. tasmanica was also present in habitat other than vineyards including native vegetation. However, it was not present in highly disturbed habitats. Although the exact mechanism for this remains unknown, results indicate that viticultural practices and resources in the surrounding landscape can influence the presence of parasitoids. Together, the findings presented in this thesis make a significant contribution towards developing sustainable pest management in Australian viticulture.<br>http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1320930<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008
41
Paull, Cate. "The ecology of key arthropods for the management of Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Coonawarra vineyards, South Australia." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/47971.
Full textAbstract:
There is currently little knowledge about the dynamics of invertebrates in Australian viticultural ecosystems. This study was conducted in Coonawarra vineyards over three seasons (years) and has focused on identifying natural enemies, their seasonal phenology, multiple species interactions, and potential for the suppression of the pest lepidopteran Epiphyas postvittana (Tortricidae). The work presented in this thesis shows that endemic natural enemies have far greater potential to control E. postvittana than has been realised.
An initial survey identified a diverse and abundant range of potential natural enemies. Of these, the species most likely to attack E. postvittana include a predatory mite Anystis baccarum and a number of hymenopteran parasitoids. The most abundant parasitoid in the vineyards was a braconid, Dolichogenidea tasmanica.
Understanding the characteristic behaviour of parasitoids in response to host density can help to gauge their potential for pest suppression. The results of large-scale field experiments showed that the response of D. tasmanica to the density of E. postvittana was inversely density-dependent, and that parasitism was consistently higher in Cabernet Sauvignon compared with Chardonnay varieties.
Despite the fact that interactions among multiple species of natural enemies can increase or decrease pest suppression, particularly when they share a common prey/host, few multispecies interactions have been investigated. Laboratory studies identified a novel interaction between the predatory mite A. baccarum an abundant predator in the vine canopy, the parasitoid D. tasmanica and host E. postvittana larvae. Although A. baccarum readily ate E. postvittana eggs and free roaming larvae, they could not access larva in their silk leaf rolls. However, the addition of D. tasmanica significantly increased predation of E. postvittana larvae, by altering the behaviour of host larvae and increasing their vulnerability to the mite. Experiments conducted at a landscape level in the Coonawarra showed that D. tasmanica was also present in habitat other than vineyards including native vegetation. However, it was not present in highly disturbed habitats. Although the exact mechanism for this remains unknown, results indicate that viticultural practices and resources in the surrounding landscape can influence the presence of parasitoids. Together, the findings presented in this thesis make a significant contribution towards developing sustainable pest management in Australian viticulture.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008
42
Huang, Chunyuan. "Mechanisms of Mn efficiency in barley / by Chunyuan Huang." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18731.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 131-153.<br>xiii, 153 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm.<br>This thesis investigates the mechanisms of manganese (Mn) efficiency (genetic tolerance to Mn-deficient soils) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at both physiological and molecular levels.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Science, 1996
43
Washington, W. S. (William Samuel) 1951. "The susceptibility of cultivated "rubus" varieties to "Phragmidium violaceum", the cause of blackberry leaf rust, and fungicides for the control of the disease." 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09aw319.pdf.
Full text
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Penrose, L. (Lindsay). "Resistance in `Triticum aestivum` to infection by `Gaeumannomyces graminis` var `Tritici` / by L. Penrose." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20582.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 141-145<br>vii, 145 leaves, [4] leaves of plates : ill. (4 col.) ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Depts. of Plant Pathology and Agronomy, 1986
45
Penrose, L. (Lindsay). "Resistance in Triticum aestivum to infection by Gaeumannomyces graminis var Tritici / by L. Penrose." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/20582.
Full text
46
McGee, P. A. (Peter Allan). "Role of mycorrhizas in the regeneration of arid zone plants / by Peter Allan McGee." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18542.
Full text
47
Palisetty, Raghunadh. "Effects of sheep, kangaroos and rabbits on the regeneration of trees and shrubs in the chenopod shrublands, South Australia." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/28390.
Full textAbstract:
After European settlement, Australian rangelands especially in South Australia underwent significant changes because of the main land use of pastoralism. Many studies have revealed that the plant communities are negatively effected by herbivory mainly by sheep. The main aim of this study is to separate the different effects of sheep, rabbits and kangaroos. This was examined by survey supported by experimental and modelling research. A 32,000 km² area previously surveyed by Tiver and Andrew (1997) in eastern South Australia was re-surveyed to monitor populations of perennial plant species at sites of various intensity of grazing by sheep, rabbits and kangaroos (goats populations are low in the study area), the most important vertebrate herbivores. Plant population data were collected in both sheep paddocks and historically ungrazed by sheep (road reserves) by using the Random Walk method and analyzed using Generalized Linear Modelling (GLM) to separate the effects of sheep and rabbits on plant regeneration and their regeneration in response to grazing. These data were also compared to similar data collected by Tiver and Andrew in 1992 (1997) to ascertain if the reduction in rabbit numbers through introduction of RCV had allowed increased regeneration. Regeneration of many species inside paddocks were negatively affected and species in roadside reserves neither did not significantly increase from 1992 to 2004. However, some species showed increase of populations in spite of sheep grazing, with some species being less susceptible than others. This research also indicates kangaroo grazing impact on some plant species. Reduction in rabbit numbers following the 1995 release of calicivirus has not been effective in restoring regeneration. Another experiment was conducted at Middleback Field Station near Whyalla to identify herbivore grazing pressure on the arid zone plant species Acacia aneura using unfenced, sheep fenced and rabbit fenced grazing exclosures. This experiment was set up with seedlings in exclosures, ten replicates of each treatment, at plots four different distances from the watering point to identify the survivorship of seedlings. Data were collected by recording canopy volumes of seedling over an 18 month period and analyzed by Residual Maximal Likelihood (REML). Seedlings both near and far from the watering point were severely effected by large herbivores, either sheep, kangaroos or both, and in a separate experiment kangaroo grazing effects on the seedling were also identified. Seedlings browsed by the rabbits were recovered better than the seedlings grazed by the large herbivores. Decreasing kangaroo activities has been noticed when the rabbit movements increased. Computer modelling was conducted to predict the future plant population structure over 500 years using a matrix population model developed by Tiver et al. (2006) and using data collected in the survey as a starting point. Extinction probabilities of populations of Acacia aneura near watering points, far from watering points and under pulse grazing scenarios were compared. Sheep grazing was found to cause eventual extinction of populations in all parts of sheep paddocks. Together, the results indicate that sheep are the major herbivore suppressing regeneration of perennial plant species. Kangaroo and rabbits have an identifiable but lesser effect. The results have implications for conservation and pastoral management. To achieve ecological sustainability of arid lands a land-use system including a network of reserves ungrazed by sheep and with control of both rabbit and kangaroo numbers will be required.