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Journal articles on the topic 'Algal Bioprocess Production'
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Montero-Lobato, Zaida, María Vázquez, Francisco Navarro, Juan Fuentes, Elisabeth Bermejo, Inés Garbayo, Carlos Vílchez, and María Cuaresma. "Chemically-Induced Production of Anti-Inflammatory Molecules in Microalgae." Marine Drugs 16, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16120478.
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Microalgae have been widely recognized as a valuable source of natural, bioactive molecules that can benefit human health. Some molecules of commercial value synthesized by the microalgal metabolism have been proven to display anti-inflammatory activity, including the carotenoids lutein and astaxanthin, the fatty acids EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and sulphated polysaccharides. These molecules can accumulate to a certain extent in a diversity of microalgae species. A production process could become commercially feasible if the productivity is high and the overall production process costs are minimized. The productivity of anti-inflammatory molecules depends on each algal species and the cultivation conditions, the latter being mostly related to nutrient starvation and/or extremes of temperature and/or light intensity. Furthermore, novel bioprocess tools have been reported which might improve the biosynthesis yields and productivity of those target molecules and reduce production costs simultaneously. Such novel tools include the use of chemical triggers or enhancers to improve algal growth and/or accumulation of bioactive molecules, the algal growth in foam and the surfactant-mediated extraction of valuable compounds. Taken together, the recent findings suggest that the combined use of novel bioprocess strategies could improve the technical efficiency and commercial feasibility of valuable microalgal bioproducts production, particularly anti-inflammatory compounds, in large scale processes.
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İnan, Benan, and Didem Özçimen. "A Comparative Study of Bioprocess Performance for Improvement of Bioethanol Production from Macroalgae." Chemical & biochemical engineering quarterly 33, no. 1 (2019): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2018.1499.
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In the last decade, studies that have focused on biodiesel production from algal biomass have been replaced with bioethanol production from algae, because bioethanol production from algae seems more promising when assessed on economic terms. Most coastal areas are covered with macroalgae, which are considered as a waste, and thus become a great problem for the municipality. Instead of their disposal, they can be alternatively utilized for bioethanol production. In this study, macroalgae located in the coastal regions of the Marmara Sea were collected and utilized for bioethanol production, and effects of the concentration of pre-treatment chemicals, pre-treatment temperature, and pre-treatment time on bioethanol yield were investigated. The highest bioethanol yields for dilute acid and alkaline pre-treatments were obtained under the conditions of 2 N sulfuric acid and 0.15 N potassium hydroxide solutions at the pre-treatment temperature of 100 °C and pre-treatment time of 60 minutes.
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Sathya, Raghunathan, Davoodbasha MubarakAli, Jaulikar MohamedSaalis, and Jung-Wan Kim. "A Systemic Review on Microalgal Peptides: Bioprocess and Sustainable Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063262.
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Nowadays, microalgal research is predominantly centered on an industrial scale. In general, multipotent bioactive peptides are the advantages over focal points over utilitarian nourishment as well as nutraceuticals. Microalgal peptides are now profoundly connected with biological properties rather than nutritive. Numerous techniques are employed to purify active peptides from algal protein using enzymatic hydrolysis; it is broadly used for numerous favorable circumstances. There is a chance to utilize microalgal peptides for human well-being as nutritive enhancements. This exhaustive survey details the utilization of microalgal peptides as antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-hypersensitive, anti-atherosclerotic, and nutritional functional foods. It is also exploring the novel technologies for the production of active peptides, for instance, the use of algal peptides as food for human health discovered restrictions, where peptides are sensitive to hydrolysis protease degradation. This review emphasizes the issue of active peptides in gastrointestinal transit, which has to be solved in the future, and prompt impacts.
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Vasseur, Christophe, Gaël Bougaran, Matthieu Garnier, Jérôme Hamelin, Christophe Leboulanger, Myriam Le Chevanton, Behzad Mostajir, Bruno Sialve, Jean-Philippe Steyer, and Eric Fouilland. "Carbon conversion efficiency and population dynamics of a marine algae–bacteria consortium growing on simplified synthetic digestate: First step in a bioprocess coupling algal production and anaerobic digestion." Bioresource Technology 119 (September 2012): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.128.
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Díez-Montero, Rubén, Lucas Vassalle, Fabiana Passos, Antonio Ortiz, María Jesús García-Galán, Joan García, and Ivet Ferrer. "Scaling-Up the Anaerobic Digestion of Pretreated Microalgal Biomass within a Water Resource Recovery Facility." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205484.
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Microalgae-based wastewater treatment plants are low-cost alternatives for recovering nutrients from contaminated effluents through microalgal biomass, which may be subsequently processed into valuable bioproducts and bioenergy. Anaerobic digestion for biogas and biomethane production is the most straightforward and applicable technology for bioenergy recovery. However, pretreatment techniques may be needed to enhance the anaerobic biodegradability of microalgae. To date, very few full-scale systems have been put through, due to acknowledged bottlenecks such as low biomass concentration after conventional harvesting and inefficient processing into valuable products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaerobic digestion of pretreated microalgal biomass in a demonstration-scale microalgae biorefinery, and to compare the results obtained with previous research conducted at lab-scale, in order to assess the scalability of this bioprocess. In the lab-scale experiments, real municipal wastewater was treated in high rate algal ponds (2 × 0.47 m3), and harvested microalgal biomass was thickened and digested to produce biogas. It was observed how the methane yield increased by 67% after implementing a thermal pretreatment step (at 75 °C for 10 h), and therefore the very same pretreatment was applied in the demonstration-scale study. In this case, agricultural runoff was treated in semi-closed tubular photobioreactors (3 × 11.7 m3), and harvested microalgal biomass was thickened and thermally pretreated before undergoing the anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The results showed a VS removal of 70% in the reactor and a methane yield up to 0.24 L CH4/g VS, which were similar to the lab-scale results. Furthermore, photosynthetic biogas upgrading led to the production of biomethane, while the digestate was treated in a constructed wetland to obtain a biofertilizer. In this way, the demonstration-scale plant evidenced the feasibility of recovering resources (biomethane and biofertilizer) from agricultural runoff using microalgae-based systems coupled with anaerobic digestion of the microalgal biomass.
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ÜÇÜNCÜOĞLU, Didar. "Food grade microalgae-based biopigments and their production technique versus synthetic colorants." Biotech Studies 32, no. 2 (June 6, 2023): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.38042/biotechstudies.1310572.
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In the food industry, synthetic color-active compounds can be added as additives to replace natural colors that are damaged during processing. This addition reduces the batch-to-batch fluctuation and increases the development of new or desired products that are appealing to consumers where natural colors are absent. Synthetic colorants cannot be produced by any bioprocess. In contrast, the Food and Drug Administration declared that algae such as Chlorella, Cryptothecodinium, Dunaliella Nannochloropsis, Nitzschia, Phaeodactylum, Schizochytrium, and Spirulina are trustable sources of food pigments as natural sources. These microalgae are photoautotrophic species and can be found on the "Generally Recognized as Safe-GRAS" list of food additives. Microalgae-derived pigments, which are also known as nutraceutical supplements, have been recently used in functional food products. Some of them are used as health and color supporters because of their excellent antioxidant properties that block oxidative reactions in lipid-rich food products. Their unique properties of being harmless to the environment were scientifically proven as well. As a result, the demand for their commercial use is increasing gradually. However, the bioprocess of algae on a huge scale is very limited due to some environmental factors and is hard to produce continuously. The scope of this review was to provide concise knowledge about biopigments extracted from microalgae and their production methods and to clarify the current implementations in the industry. Additionally, food-grade biopigments were compared with synthetic ones. The primary issues with bioprocesses used to produce colorants were highlighted, and as a result, the expected studies were discussed that would be conducted soon.
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Nageshwari, Krishnamoorthy, Abhijeet Pathy, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, and Paramasivan Balasubramanian. "Bioprocess strategies to augment biohydrogen production from algae." Fuel 351 (November 2023): 128922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128922.
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Jimoh, Taobat A., and A. Keith Cowan. "Extracellular polymeric substance production in high rate algal oxidation ponds." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 10 (July 28, 2017): 2647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.438.
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Abstract Integrated algal pond systems (IAPSs) combine anaerobic and aerobic bioprocesses to affect sewage treatment. The present work describes the isolation and partial characterisation of soluble extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) associated with microalgal bacterial flocs (MaB-flocs) generated in high rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOPs) of an IAPS treating domestic sewage. Productivity and change in MaB-flocs concentration, measured as mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) between morning (MLSSAM) and evening (MLSSPM) were monitored and the substructure of the MaB-flocs matrix examined by biochemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Results show that MaB-flocs from HRAOPs are assemblages of microorganisms produced as discrete aggregates as a result of microbial EPS production. Formation and accumulation of the EPS was stimulated by light. Analysis by FT-IR revealed characteristic carbohydrate enrichment of these polymeric substances. In contrast, FT-IR spectra of EPSs from dark-incubated MaB-flocs confirmed that these polymers contained increased aliphatic and aromatic functionalities relative to carbohydrates. These differences, it was concluded, were due to dark-induced transition from phototrophic to heterotrophic metabolism. The results negate microalgal cell death as a contributor to elevated chemical oxygen demand of IAPS treated water.
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Shibasaki, Seiji, and Mitsuyoshi Ueda. "Utilization of Macroalgae for the Production of Bioactive Compounds and Bioprocesses Using Microbial Biotechnology." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061499.
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To achieve sustainable development, alternative resources should replace conventional resources such as fossil fuels. In marine ecosystems, many macroalgae grow faster than terrestrial plants. Macroalgae are roughly classified as green, red, or brown algae based on their photosynthetic pigments. Brown algae are considered to be a source of physiologically active substances such as polyphenols. Furthermore, some macroalgae can capture approximately 10 times more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than terrestrial plants. Therefore, they have immense potential for use in the environment. Recently, macroalgae have emerged as a biomass feedstock for bioethanol production owing to their low lignin content and applicability to biorefinery processes. Herein, we provided an overview of the bioconversion of macroalgae into bioactive substances and biofuels using microbial biotechnology, including engineered yeast designed using molecular display technology.
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Ali, Sharique A. "Fish Poly Culture in Domestic Wastewater Ponds: A Step Towards Protein Rrecovery and Pollution Reduction." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/15.3.3.
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Reclamation or recycling wastewater is an alternative to the gradual degradation of natural water resources. Reused or domestic sewage is highly loaded with nutrients, suspended solids, organic and inorganic matter, and microorganisms that provide natural food for several species of edible fishes. The effluent contains excessive nutrients which may increase the growth of aquatic plants and stimulate the production of natural food for fish. Oxidation ponds or stabilization ponds in the tropics are recognized as effective and economical units for the treatment of domestic sewage as well as biodegradable industrial wastes if managed properly. The driving force in a waste oxidation pond is solar energy utilized by active continuous photosynthesis. The action of sunlight on algae in the pond enables them to grow and rapidly consume the nutrients contained in the sewage. The algae and bacteria play an inter-dependent symbiotic role in these ponds, while the algae use the nutrients and carbon dioxide by bacterial decomposition, the bacteria make use of the oxygen liberated by the algae during photosynthesis, consequently increasing the rich natural biomass for the fishes. Updated compiled information in this review article suggests that domestic waste-water aquaculture is one of the best alternative ways to remove eutrophication as well as increase the culture of poly carps. This domestic sewage-purification cum reclamation bioprocess can be one of the cheapest methods, where natural sunlight, tropical conditions and biological parameters if managed judiciously, can be recycled and reclaimed for economically viable fish culture.
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Harun, Razif, Michael K. Danquah, and Selvakumar Thiruvenkadam. "Particulate Size of Microalgal Biomass Affects Hydrolysate Properties and Bioethanol Concentration." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/435631.
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Effective optimization of microalgae-to-bioethanol process systems hinges on an in-depth characterization of key process parameters relevant to the overall bioprocess engineering. One of the such important variables is the biomass particle size distribution and the effects on saccharification levels and bioethanol titres. This study examined the effects of three different microalgal biomass particle size ranges, 35 μm ≤x≤ 90 μm, 125 μm ≤x≤ 180 μm, and 295 μm ≤x≤ 425 μm, on the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production. Two scenarios were investigated: single enzyme hydrolysis (cellulase) and double enzyme hydrolysis (cellulase and cellobiase). The glucose yield from biomass in the smallest particle size range (35 μm ≤x≤ 90 μm) was the highest, 134.73 mg glucose/g algae, while the yield from biomass in the larger particle size range (295 μm ≤x≤ 425 μm) was 75.45 mg glucose/g algae. A similar trend was observed for bioethanol yield, with the highest yield of 0.47 g EtOH/g glucose obtained from biomass in the smallest particle size range. The results have shown that the microalgal biomass particle size has a significant effect on enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol yield.
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Tabacof, Adam, Verônica Calado, and Nei Pereira. "Third Generation Lactic Acid Production by Lactobacillus pentosus from the Macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii Hydrolysates." Fermentation 9, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9040319.
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The evaluation of macroalgae as a new raw material for diverse bioprocesses is of great interest due to their fast growth rate and low environmental impact. Lactic acid has a high value in the bio-based industry and is mainly produced via fermentation. The anaerobic lactic acid fermentation of Kappaphycus alvarezii hydrolysates using the high-producing strain Lactobacillus pentosus was evaluated for detoxified and non-treated hydrolysates prepared from concentrated algal biomass and dilute acid solution mixtures. A novel hydrolysate detoxification procedure, combining activated charcoal and over-liming, for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) removal was used. L. pentosus was found to successfully ferment detoxified and untreated hydrolysates produced in up to 30% and 20% w/v solutions, respectively. Significant production rates (1.88 g/L.h) and short lag phases were achieved in bioreactor fermentation operating at 37 °C and pH 6 with 150 rpm impeller velocity. A 0.94 g/g yield from fermentable sugars (galactose and glucose) was achieved, indicating that K. alvarezii could be used as a raw material for lactic acid production, within the context of Third Generation (3G) biorefinery.
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Schmideder, Stefan, Christoph Kirse, Julia Hofinger, Sascha Rollié, and Heiko Briesen. "Modeling the Separation of Microorganisms in Bioprocesses by Flotation." Processes 6, no. 10 (October 6, 2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100184.
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Bioprocesses for the production of renewable energies and materials lack efficient separation processes for the utilized microorganisms such as algae and yeasts. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) and microflotation are promising approaches to overcome this problem. The efficiency of these processes depends on the ability of microorganisms to aggregate with microbubbles in the flotation tank. In this study, different new or adapted aggregation models for microbubbles and microorganisms are compared and investigated for their range of suitability to predict the separation efficiency of microorganisms from fermentation broths. The complexity of the heteroaggregation models range from an algebraic model to a 2D population balance model (PBM) including the formation of clusters containing several bubbles and microorganisms. The effect of bubble and cell size distributions on the flotation efficiency is considered by applying PBMs, as well. To determine the sensitivity of the results on the model assumptions, the modeling approaches are compared, and suggestions for their range of applicability are given. Evaluating the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of a dissolved air flotation (DAF) system shows the heterogeneity of the fluid dynamics in the flotation tank. Since analysis of the streamlines of the tank show negligible back mixing, the proposed aggregation models are coupled to the CFD data by applying a Lagrangian approach.
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Dahiya, Divakar, Hemant Sharma, Arun Kumar Rai, and Poonam Singh Nigam. "Application of biological systems and processes employing microbes and algae to Reduce, Recycle, Reuse (3Rs) for the sustainability of circular bioeconomy." AIMS Microbiology 8, no. 1 (2022): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2022008.
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<abstract> <p>The circular bioeconomy has undoubtedly gained global momentum during the last few years. The bioeconomy envisions “3R”, the goal of 3R (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) is to implement in circular economy preventing excessive and unnecessary wastes. The circular bioeconomy emphasizes the best use of all sorts of available bioresources through the reduction of generated wastes during product formation, recycling of generated wastes, and reuse of valuable by-products and residues. Biotechnology could be useful in utilizing the resources to the optimum and therefore the role of biological agents and bioprocesses is of prime importance. In this review, we highlight the paramount importance of beneficial strains of microorganisms, macro, and microalgae in the bioeconomy. Microorganisms are universally recognized for the notable production of a vast array of secondary metabolites and other functionalities with possible use in various sectors. The application of potential strains in industries and modern agriculture practices could progressively improve the effective yield of food and feed, including fertilization of arid soils, bioconversion of by-products from industrial processes, and agriculture wastes. The valuable properties of specifically selected biological agents typically make them suitable candidates for their efficient contribution to circular bioeconomy without hampering the environment.</p> </abstract>
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Mukundraj Govindrao Rathod, Gautam Tanaji Kamble, Pratibha Ishwardas Dhawale, Tanya Keshavrao Kendre, Shalini Ananda Kadam, Jivan Munja Dhotare, Ramdas Ganpatrao Bhong, and Anupama Prabhakarrao Pathak. "Halophilic microbiome: Distribution, diversity and applications." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.1.0117.
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Microorganisms that love salt are known as halophiles, and they are found in both the archaeal and eubacterial domains of life. Halophiles do naturally occur in mesmeric saline habitats such as hypersaline lakes, salt pans, salt marshes, saline soils, and solar salterns. The group of microorganisms that live in a salty environment is known as the halophilic microbiome. This group includes bacteria, algae, fungi, viruses, and more. According to how much salt they can tolerate, halophiles are divided into three categories: mild (0.3-0.8 M), moderate (0.8-3.4 M), and extreme (3.4-5.1 M). Seawater already covers the majority of the surface of the Earth and has a salinity of roughly 0.6 M. The most numerous and adaptable microorganisms are therefore those that thrive in such environments. Due to the presence of carotenoids, many halophiles exhibit red-pigmented colonies. This pigment resembles that of tomatoes, red peppers, pink flamingos, and other similar foods. In the production of traditional fermented foods like sauces and pickles, some halophiles play a specific role. Since the majority of their potential is still unknown, halophilic microbes have fewer but more significant biotechnological applications than thermophiles and alkaliphiles. Nevertheless, they could be an important source of many particular biomolecules, including salt-stable enzymes, biopolymers, and pigments. Halophiles may also be crucial for bioprocesses like bioleaching, bioremediation, biotransformation, and biofermentation. Halophiles might have some interesting uses in both medicine and agriculture. This review essay examined the diversity, distribution, and uses of halophiles.
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Parati, Mattia, Catherine Philip, Barbara Mendrek, David Townrow, Ibrahim Khalil, Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia, Michele Stanley, Marek Kowalczuk, Grazyna Adamus, and Iza Radecka. "A circular bioprocess application of algal-based substrate for Bacillus subtilis natto production of γ-PGA." Frontiers in Chemistry 11 (April 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1158147.
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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a bio-derived water-soluble, edible, hydrating, non-immunogenic polymer. Bacillus subtilis natto is a wild-type γ-PGA producer originally isolated from Japanese fermented natto beans whose activity has been shown to be enhanced through ion-specific activation of Extrachromosomal DNA maintenance mechanisms. Being a GRAS γ-PGA producer, this microorganism has attracted great interest in its use within an industrial context. Here we successfully synthesised amorphous, crystalline and semi-crystalline γ-PGA between 11–27 g/L. In line with circular economy principles, scalable macroalgal biomass has been evaluated as substrate for γ-PGA, displaying great potential in both yields and material composition. In this study whole cell, freeze dried seaweed -namely Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta-were pre-treated by means of mechanical methods, sterilised and subsequently inoculated with B. subtilis natto. High shear mixing was found to be the most suitable pre-treatment technique. Supplemented L. digitata (9.1 g/L), S. latissima (10.2 g/L), A. esculenta (13 g/L) displayed γ-PGA yields comparable to those of standard GS media (14.4 g/L). Greatest yields of pure γ-PGA were obtained during the month of June for L. digitata (Avg. 4.76 g/L) comparable to those obtained with GS media (7.0 g/L). Further, pre-treated S. latissima and L. digitata complex media enabled for high molar mass (4,500 kDa) γ-PGA biosynthesis at 8.6 and 8.7 g/L respectively. Compared to standard GS media, algal derived γ-PGA displayed significantly higher molar masses. Further studies will be necessary to further evaluate the impact of varying ash contents upon the stereochemical properties and modify the properties of algal media based γ-PGA with the aid of key nutrients; however, the material synthesised to date can directly displace a number of fossil fuel derived chemicals in drug delivery applications, cosmetics, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, flocculation and as cryoprotectants.
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Dutschei, Theresa, Marie-Katherin Zühlke, Norma Welsch, Tom Eisenack, Maximilian Hilkmann, Joris Krull, Carlo Stühle, et al. "Metabolic engineering enables Bacillus licheniformis to grow on the marine polysaccharide ulvan." Microbial Cell Factories 21, no. 1 (October 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12934-022-01931-0.
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Abstract Background Marine algae are responsible for half of the global primary production, converting carbon dioxide into organic compounds like carbohydrates. Particularly in eutrophic waters, they can grow into massive algal blooms. This polysaccharide rich biomass represents a cheap and abundant renewable carbon source. In nature, the diverse group of polysaccharides is decomposed by highly specialized microbial catabolic systems. We elucidated the complete degradation pathway of the green algae-specific polysaccharide ulvan in previous studies using a toolbox of enzymes discovered in the marine flavobacterium Formosa agariphila and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. Results In this study we show that ulvan from algal biomass can be used as feedstock for a biotechnological production strain using recombinantly expressed carbohydrate-active enzymes. We demonstrate that Bacillus licheniformis is able to grow on ulvan-derived xylose-containing oligosaccharides. Comparative growth experiments with different ulvan hydrolysates and physiological proteogenomic analyses indicated that analogues of the F. agariphila ulvan lyase and an unsaturated β-glucuronylhydrolase are missing in B. licheniformis. We reveal that the heterologous expression of these two marine enzymes in B. licheniformis enables an efficient conversion of the algal polysaccharide ulvan as carbon and energy source. Conclusion Our data demonstrate the physiological capability of the industrially relevant bacterium B. licheniformis to grow on ulvan. We present a metabolic engineering strategy to enable ulvan-based biorefinery processes using this bacterial cell factory. With this study, we provide a stepping stone for the development of future bioprocesses with Bacillus using the abundant marine renewable carbon source ulvan.
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Lee, Kyung Hee, Yeo Jin Jang, Woon Sang Hwang, Ki Sun Kwon, Wha Young Lee, Jeanman Kim, Sung Phil Kim, and Mendel Friedman. "Edible algae (Ecklonia cava) bioprocessed with mycelia of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms in liquid culture and its isolated fractions protect mice against allergic asthma." BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 22, no. 1 (September 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03705-y.
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Abstract Background Ecklonia cava is an edible marine brown alga harvested from the ocean that is widely consumed in Asian countries as a health-promoting medicinal food The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anti-asthma mechanism of a new functional food produced by bioprocessing edible algae Ecklonia cava and shiitake Lentinula edodes mushroom mycelia and isolated fractions. Methods We used as series of methods, including high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, cell assays, and an in vivo mouse assay to evaluate the asthma-inhibitory effect of Ecklonia cava bioprocessed (fermented) with Lentinula edodes shiitake mushroom mycelium and its isolated fractions in mast cells and in orally fed mice. Results The treatments inhibited the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, suggesting anti-asthma effects in vitro. The in vitro anti-asthma effects in cells were confirmed in mice following the induction of asthma by alumina and chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). Oral administration of the bioprocessed Ecklonia cava and purified fractions suppressed the induction of asthma and was accompanied by the inhibition of inflammation- and immune-related substances, including eotaxin; thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); OVA-specific IgE; leukotriene C4 (LTC4); prostaglandin D2 (PGD2); and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and other fluids and organs. Th2 cytokines were reduced and Th1 cytokines were restored in serum, suggesting the asthma-induced inhibitory effect is regulated by the balance of the Th1/Th2 immune response. Serum levels of IL-10, a regulatory T cell (Treg) cytokine, were increased, further favoring reduced inflammation. Histology of lung tissues revealed that the treatment also reversed the thickening of the airway wall and the contraction and infiltration of bronchial and blood vessels and perialveolar inflammatory cells. The bioprocessed Ecklonia cava/mushroom mycelia new functional food showed the highest inhibition as compared with commercial algae and the fractions isolated from the bioprocessed product. Conclusions The in vitro cell and in vivo mouse assays demonstrate the potential value of the new bioprocessed formulation as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic combination of natural compounds against allergic asthma and might also ameliorate allergic manifestations of foods, drugs, and viral infections.
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Gül, Ülküye Dudu. "Utilization of Fungal Bioprocess for Biodiesel Production as a Green Energy Source." Bioenergy Studies, Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, December 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51606/bes.2022.12.
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The trend toward new research studies focused on searching for sustainable sources of clean energy has increased to ensure the sustainability of energy worldwide due to reasons such as the scarcity of fossil-based fuels and the environmental impact of conventional sources. Biofuel is a good candidate to become a world leader in the development and deployment of renewable energy sources among other green energy sources. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from renewable biological resources and can be produced using microbial resources such as algae, bacteria, and fungi. Biodiesel produced from microbial lipids is an important and effective green energy source. Fungi exhibit a high capacity for biodiesel production by accumulating more than 70 percent of intracellular lipids in their biomass during metabolic stress periods. This study aims to examine the studies focused on the use of fungal lipids as a source of biodiesel in recent years. In addition, the conditions in which the highest biodiesel production efficiency was obtained, including preliminary information that will guide further studies on large-scale production of biodiesel from fungi were reviewed.
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Obata, Oluwatosin, Joseph Akunna, Heike Bockhorn, and Graeme Walker. "Ethanol production from brown seaweed using non-conventional yeasts." Bioethanol 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bioeth-2016-0010.
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AbstractThe use of macroalgae (seaweed) as a potential source of biofuels has attracted considerable worldwide interest. Since brown algae, especially the giant kelp, grow very rapidly and contain considerable amounts of polysaccharides, coupled with low lignin content, they represent attractive candidates for bioconversion to ethanol through yeast fermentation processes. In the current study, powdered dried seaweeds (Ascophylum nodosum and Laminaria digitata) were pre-treated with dilute sulphuric acid and hydrolysed with commercially available enzymes to liberate fermentable sugars. Higher sugar concentrations were obtained from L. digitata compared with A. nodosum with glucose and rhamnose being the predominant sugars, respectively, liberated from these seaweeds. Fermentation of the resultant seaweed sugars was performed using two non-conventional yeast strains: Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipitis and Kluyveromyces marxianus based on their abilities to utilise a wide range of sugars. Although the yields of ethanol were quite low (at around 6 g/L), macroalgal ethanol production was slightly higher using K. marxianus compared with S. stipitis. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining ethanol from brown algae using relatively straightforward bioprocess technology, together with non-conventional yeasts. Conversion efficiency of these non-conventional yeasts could be maximised by operating the fermentation process based on the physiological requirements of the yeasts.
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Lopes, Fernanda Cortez, and Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun. "Agro-Industrial Residues: Eco-Friendly and Inexpensive Substrates for Microbial Pigments Production." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 5 (March 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.589414.
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Many commodities are abundantly produced around the world, including soybean, corn, rice sugarcane, cassava, coffee, fruits, and many others. These productions are responsible for the generation of enormous amounts of daily residues, such as cassava and sugarcane bagasses, rice husk, and coffee peel. These residues are rich sources for renewable energy and can be used as substrates for industrial interest products. Microorganisms are useful biofactories, capable of producing important primary and secondary metabolites, including alcohol, enzymes, antibiotics, pigments, and many other molecules. The production of pigments was reported in bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, and algae. These natural microbial pigments are very promising because synthetic colorants present a long history of allergies and toxicity. In addition, many natural pigments present other biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, that are interesting for industrial applications. The use of inexpensive substrates for the production of these metabolites is very attractive, considering that agro-industrial residues are generated in high amounts and usually are a problem to the industry. Therefore, in this article we review the production of microbial pigments using agro-industrial residues during the current decade (2010–2020), considering both submerged and solid state fermentations, wild-type and genetically modified microorganisms, laboratorial to large-scale bioprocesses, and other possible biological activities related to these pigments.
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Herrera Barragán, José Alberto, Giuseppe Olivieri, Iulian Boboescu, Michel Eppink, Rene Wijffels, and Antoinette Kazbar. "Enzyme assisted extraction for seaweed multiproduct biorefinery: A techno-economic analysis." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (September 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.948086.
Full textAbstract:
The biorefinery concept facilitates the extraction of different constituents from seaweed, ensuring full usage of resources and generating few residues through a succession of steps. Innovative and environmentally-friendly extraction techniques, dubbed “green processing technologies,” have been developed in recent years. Using the bioprocess simulation software SuperPro Designer®, a model was developed and used to demonstrate the feasibility of two different multi-product biorefinery scenarios applying green technologies to one of the most promising species in Europe, the brown alga Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp). Analyzing the current state of the art and commercial applications, enzyme-assisted extraction was chosen as an emerging sustainable technology to simulate the production of alginate and the functional saccharides laminarin and fucoidan. These simulations were compared to an additional simulation of alginate production using the low-yield alkaline extraction technique currently used in the industry, which has been proven not feasible for the expected prices of cultivated seaweed in Europe. Complete biomass valorization is achieved by the sub-processing of the by-streams into complementary products such as biostimulants and animal feed. The valorization of up to 1.07 € per kilogram of fresh weight biomass was achieved using enzyme-assisted extraction and prioritizing laminarin and fucoidan as main products. Extraction yields and raw biomass alginate composition have the largest sensitivity effects on the profitability of biorefineries. This provides further insight into the crucial research opportunities on downstream processing and seaweed cultivation targets.
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Rasool, Kashif, Sabir Hussain, Asif Shahzad, Waheed Miran, Khaled A. Mahmoud, Nisar Ali, and Fares Almomani. "Comprehensive insights into sustainable conversion of agricultural and food waste into microbial protein for animal feed production." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, April 15, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-023-09651-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe growing global population and higher living standards instantly demand the transition in the direction of a sustainable food system. A substantial section of means and agricultural lands are presently committed to protein-rich feed production to rear livestock for human consumption. Conversely, accelerated farming activities and the food industry have rendered a drastic increase in waste which impair the economic and environmental sustainability of the ecosystem. This situation emerges the need for developing an integrated technology for waste management and to improve sustainability footprints. Microbial protein (MP) production based on renewable electron and carbon sources has the potential as a substitute protein source. MP production for animal feed use is growing fast and is derived from bacteria, algae, and fungi including yeast. MP produced from all types of microbes is currently commercialized and in use. However, novel methods and processes are also under investigation to make MP production more economical and sustainable. Current research on MP has concentrated on the valorization of waste materials by using high protein content-containing microorganisms, which can then be used in animal feed. Using such kind of integrated approach, the agroindustry waste resources upcycling can contribute towards finding sustainable, cheaper, and environment-friendly protein sources. This review first describes the potential waste feedstock for MP production and summarizes the recent progress in the application of MP-producing microorganisms including fungus, yeast, bacteria, and phototrophic microbes. Bioprocesses, and production technology advances for MP production have been explored and discussed in detail. Finally, the MP application as animal feed, its challenges, and future perspectives in research have been evaluated.