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Journal articles on the topic 'Algal isolation'
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1
Liu, Ting Ting, Yu Fu Peng, Li Liu, and Xue Shan Xia. "Isolation and Characterization of the Algicidal Bacterium DCJ-2." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 3077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.3077.
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Algicidal bacteria as part of the microbial populations in natural waters, is possible toinhibit the growth of algae or kill algae, dissolve algal cells in a direct or indirect way. In this study,four algicidal bacteria were isolated from cyanobacteria bloom water of Lake Dianchi, designated asDCJ-1, DCJ-2, DCJ-3, DCJ-4 respectively. The algicidal range and algicidal activity assay of the fouralgicidal bacteria showed that they have different algicidal range on the 10 tested algal species, whichstrain DCJ-2 has the best algicidal activity. The results indicated that bacterial strain DCJ-2 has highalgicidal activity against the Plectonema boryanum and exhibited algicidal activity through directattack. The lytic effect of strain DCJ-2 against Plectonema boryanum was time-dependent. It could be a potential bio-agent to control the blooms of cyanobacteria.
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Calatayud, Angeles, Alfredo Guera, Simón Fos, and Eva Barreno. "A new method to isolate lichen algae by using percoll® gradient centrifugation." Lichenologist 33, no. 4 (2001): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.2001.0331.
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AbstractA rapid method to isolate intact functional algae from the lichens Evemia prunastri and Ramalina farinacea has been developed. This method is based on the use of Percoll® gradients after mechanical disruption of lichen thalli. Results obtained show that the algal preparations were virtually free of contamination by fungal hyphae. The purified algal cells were photosynthetically active and without symptoms of photoinhibition, which indicates their functional integrity. This method may be used for the isolation of intact algae from a broad range of lichen species.
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Yuan, Keting, Qiong Wan, Dajun Ren, et al. "Isolation and algicidal properties study of the strain G1 from reservoir sediments." Water Supply 22, no. 3 (2021): 3374–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.393.
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Abstract Microcystis aeruginosa is a globally important cyanobacterial species that poses a threat to human health and development. The use of bacteria to control algal blooms has become an important research topic in recent years. In the present work, the algicidal strain G1 was isolated from sediments of a reservoir in Xi'an, China, identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), and its algicidal effects were investigated. The rDNA sequence of G1 (GenBank accession number MW205793) is 99.86% similar to that of Chitinimonas sp., and the strain indirectly solubilised algae. Algae removal by G1 was optimal during the decay phase (algae solubilisation rate = 65.85%). Temperature (5–120 °C) did not significantly affect algae removal, pH 5–9 was tolerated, and pH 7 achieved the highest algae lysis rate (63.56%). Ultrasonic treatment of G1 destroyed the algae-solubilising effect. An injection ratio of 15% achieved the highest algae lysis rate (67.64%) under 12 h:12 h light:dark conditions, and full darkness achieved the highest algae lysis rate (68.21%). Thus, G1 can effectively inhibit the reproduction of M. aeruginosa, making it a promising biological agent for controlling algal growth.
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Generalić Mekinić, Ivana, and Vida Šimat. "Marine Algae Bioactives: Isolation, Characterization, and Potential Application." Foods 13, no. 11 (2024): 1736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13111736.
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This Special Issue (SI) of Foods, entitled “Marine Algae Bioactives: Isolation, Characterization, and Potential Application”, was focused on algal organisms, both microalgae and macroalgae, which have recently been recognized as new, cost-effective, and valuable sources of health-promoting nutrients and bioactive compounds with a full spectrum of activities and beneficial effects on health [...]
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Maliki, Intan Mariana, Mailin Misson, Peik Lin Teoh, Kenneth Francis Rodrigues, and Wilson Thau Lym Yong. "Production of Lectins from Marine Algae: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities for Non-Destructive Extraction." Marine Drugs 20, no. 2 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20020102.
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Marine algae are an excellent source of novel lectins. The isolation of lectins from marine algae expands the diversity in structure and carbohydrate specificities of lectins isolated from other sources. Marine algal lectins have been reported to have antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activity. Lectins are typically isolated from marine algae by grinding the algal tissue with liquid nitrogen and extracting with buffer and alcohol. While this method produces higher yields, it may not be sustainable for large-scale production, because a large amount of biomass is required to produce a minute amount of compound, and a significant amount of waste is generated during the extraction process. Therefore, non-destructive extraction using algal culture water could be used to ensure a continuous supply of lectins without exclusively disrupting the marine algae. This review discusses the traditional and recent advancements in algal lectin extraction methods over the last decade, as well as the steps required for large-scale production. The challenges and prospects of various extraction methods (destructive and non-destructive) are also discussed.
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Generalić Mekinić, Ivana, Vida Šimat, Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod, Imen Hamed, and Martina Čagalj. "Algal Carotenoids: Chemistry, Sources, and Application." Foods 12, no. 14 (2023): 2768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12142768.
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Recently, the isolation and identification of various biologically active secondary metabolites from algae have been of scientific interest, with particular attention paid to carotenoids, widely distributed in various photosynthetic organisms, including algal species. Carotenoids are among the most important natural pigments, with many health-promoting effects. Since the number of scientific studies on the presence and profile of carotenoids in algae has increased exponentially along with the interest in their potential commercial applications, this review aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge (from 2015) on carotenoids detected in different algal species (12 microalgae, 21 green algae, 26 brown algae, and 43 red algae) to facilitate the comparison of the results of different studies. In addition to the presence, content, and identification of total and individual carotenoids in various algae, the method of their extraction and the main extraction parameters were also highlighted.
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GUZOW-KRZEMIŃSKA, Beata, and Elfie STOCKER-WÖRGÖTTER. "Development of microsatellite markers in Protoparmeliopsis muralis (lichenized Ascomycete) – a common lichen species." Lichenologist 45, no. 6 (2013): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428291300042x.
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AbstractLichen-forming fungi are symbiotic organisms forming a thallus with autotrophic green algae and/or cyanobacteria. Protoparmeliopsis muralis (Schreb.) Choisy is a green-algal lichen-forming fungus associating with Trebouxia photobionts. It is known as one of the most successful urban lichens in the world. In this paper, the development of microsatellite markers specific for the mycobiont of Protoparmeliopsis muralis is reported. In order to avoid algal contaminations, the pure mycobiont culture was obtained and subsequently used for DNA isolation. For DNA enrichment, the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats (FIASCO) method was applied. Of the 380 clones sequenced, 62 contained repeats. In total, 38 primer pairs were designed and tested, and finally 7 primer pairs were polymorphic based on 21 specimens of P. muralis.
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Janan. J. Toma and Farhad. H. Aziz. "ALGAL STUDY IN SPRINGS AND STREAMS IN SHAQLAWA DISTRICT, ERBIL PROVINCE-IRAQ III- CHLOROPHYCEAE WITHOUT ZYGNEMATALES." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 54, no. 1 (2023): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i1.1677.
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Freshwater algae (Chlorophyceae-except Zygnematales) were collected from 18 sites (12 springs and 6 streams) in Shaqlawa district within Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq from September-2019 to August-2020. Aim of this study isolation and identification new algal species. 27 new algal genera with 40 species records at first time in Kurdistan Region and others provinces of Iraq, which include the following, Scenedesmus considered the most abundance than others algae which seven species identified followed by genus of Chlamydomonas, genus of Chlorophyceae, genus of Characium with three species for each one recorded, but genera Geminella have two species, finally the remaining genera have one species identified for each one
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Leelahakriengkrai, Pongpan, Phitsanuphakhin Chaimongkhon, and Tatporn Kunpradid. "Isolation of Freshwater Algae from Some Reservoirs of Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Mae Rim Campus, Chiang Mai." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 24, no. 1 (2025): D1685. https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2025.v24i01.d1685.
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A study on the biodiversity and isolation of freshwater algae from some reservoirs of Mae Rim Campus, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai Province, collected algal samples and assessed the water quality at four reservoirs, including Wiang Bua Reservoir, Ma Lang Por Reservoir, Education Auditorium reservoir, and Kru Noi Garden Reservoir. One hundred and six species of algae belonging to 8 phyla were found. The most prominent species were Cylindrospermopsis philippinensis, Trachelomonas volvocina, Peridiniopsis sp., and Coelastrum astroideum, respectively. The overall water quality was categorized as clean according to some physical and chemical parameters by the National Environmental Board of Thailand. However, high BOD values were detected at some sampling points. The algae isolation included 8 isolates, which could be utilized for various purposes in the future, such as biomass, protein, polysaccharide energy, bioactive compounds, antioxidant substances, wastewater treatment, environmental indicators, algal toxins, and phylogenetic studies. All strains were stored at the Centre of Excellence of Biodiversity Research and Implementation for Community, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, for conservation and future development purposes.
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MOLINS, Arántzazu, Patricia MOYA, Francisco J. GARCÍA-BREIJO, José REIG-ARMIÑANA, and Eva BARRENO. "A multi-tool approach to assess microalgal diversity in lichens: isolation, Sanger sequencing, HTS and ultrastructural correlations." Lichenologist 50, no. 1 (2018): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282917000664.
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AbstractLichen thalli represent the most conspicuous examples of fungal-algal interactions. Studies that describe phycobiont diversity within entire thalli are based mainly on Sanger sequencing. In some lichen species, this technique could underestimate the intrathalline coexistence of multiple microalgae. In this study different multi-tool approaches were applied to two lichen taxa, Circinaria hispida and Flavoparmelia soredians, to detect algal coexistence. Here, we combined Sanger sequencing, a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer, 454-pyrosequencing, phycobiont isolation and ultrastructural characterization. Furthermore, we compared pyrenoid ultrastructural features of lichenized phycobionts with microalgae isolated in culture. An improved methodology was used to isolate and propagate phycobionts which, in combination with fast genetic identification, resulted in a considerable reduction in time and cost to complete the process. This isolation method, coupled with a specific PCR primer, allowed for the detection of coexisting algae in C. hispida (four Trebouxia lineages). 454-pyrosequencing detected only a fraction of such diversity, while Sanger sequencing identified only the primary phycobiont. Ultrastructural features of the isolated algae were observed by transmission electron microscopy; the maintenance of the pyrenoid characteristics suggested the existence of different Trebouxia lineages. In F. soredians a single Trebouxia lineage was identified using all these approaches.In cases of lichens with algal coexistence, a combination of different molecular and ultrastructural approaches may be required to reveal the underlying algal diversity within a single thallus. The approach proposed in this study provides information about the relationship between molecular and ultrastructural data, and represents an improvement in the delimitation of taxonomic features which is needed to recognize intrathalline Trebouxia diversity.
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Jana Kiranmayee, Sneha Latha Gujjarlapudi, Narendra kelam, V.Madan Mohan Rao, and Mallikarjuna Kokkanti. "Optimization of growth conditions of isolated algae from Coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 14, no. 3 (2025): 477–85. https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2025.14.3.0680.
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Algae are significant members of aquatic ecosystems, with roles in carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling, and other biotechnology applications. The current research involves the isolation, culture, and optimization of the growth of algae collected from three ecologically diverse locations in India—Chirala, Nellore, and Machilipatnam. Water samples were collected and cultured in the laboratory under controlled conditions in different culture media, nutrient compositions, temperatures, PH levels, light intensities, and aeration types. The results indicated significant differences in algal diversity and growth response to environmental factors. Coastal regions (Chirala and Machilipatnam) were found to be richer in species composition than the inland freshwater site (Nellore). The optimal growth was observed at 32°C, PH 7.5, and indirect sunlight, with some species-specific variations. Algal strains cultured in nutrient-rich media exhibited higher biomass accumulation, suggesting their application in biofuel generation and environmental remediation. The research provides significant insights into algal culture optimization for industrial and ecological applications, promoting sustainable biotechnology solutions.
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Takáčová, Alžbeta, Miriama Bajuszová, Alexandra Šimonovičová, Štefan Šutý, and Sanja Nosalj. "Biocoagulation of Dried Algae Chlorella sp. and Pellets of Aspergillus Niger in Decontamination Process of Wastewater, as a Presumed Source of Biofuel." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 12 (2022): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8121282.
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The removal of microalgae represents a problematic part of the water decontamination process, in which most techniques are expensive and non-ecological. In the paper, we focus on the synergistic relationship between microscopic filamentous fungi and algal culture. In the process of decontamination of a model sample containing ammonium ions, efficient biocoagulation, resp. co-pelletization of dried algae Chlorella sp. and Aspergillus niger sensu stricto are shown. The microscopic filamentous fungus species A. niger was added to a culture of an algal suspension of Chlorella sp., where the adhesion of the algal cells to the fungi subsequently occurred due to the electrostatic effect of the interaction, while the flocculation activity was approximately 70 to 80%. The algal cells adhered to the surface of the A. niger pellets, making them easily removable from the solution. The ability of filamentous fungi to capture organisms represents a great potential for the biological isolation of microalgae (biocoagulation) from production solutions because microalgae are considered to be a promising renewable source of oil and fermentables for bioenergy. This form of algae removal, or its harvesting, also represents a great low-cost method for collecting algae not only as a way of removing unnecessary material but also for the purpose of producing biofuels. Algae are a robust bioabsorbent for absorbing lipids from the environment, which after treatment can be used as a component of biodiesel. Chemical analyses also presented potential ecological innovation in the area of biofuel production. Energy-efficient and eco-friendly harvesting techniques are crucial to improving the economic viability of algal biofuel production.
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Takaara, T., D. Sano, H. Konno, and T. Omura. "Affinity isolation of algal organic matters able to form complex with aluminium coagulant." Water Supply 4, no. 5-6 (2004): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0097.
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Mass propagation of algae in drinking water source affects the coagulation process in water treatment systems. Many researchers indicated that some kinds of algal organic matters (AOMs) interacted with coagulants by coordinate bonds and brought about several disorders due to the increase in both the coagulant demand and the residual coagulant in treated water. However, the inhibitory mechanism on the coagulation by AOMs has not been fully elucidated. In this study, AOMs able to form complex with aluminium coagulant were isolated and analyzed. The results of the gel chromatography showed that extracellular organic matters (EOMs) from Microcystis aeruginosa (NIES-91) have molecular weight of between 10 and 20 kDa, around 40 kDa and more than 600 kDa. The amount and diversity of EOMs increased as the algal growth. AOMs able to form complex with aluminium coagulant were successfully isolated with the affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that these AOMs included proteins that have molecular weight between 43 and 67 kDa. Since several kinds of proteins such as metallothionein are known for strongly adsorbing multivalent cations, the isolated algal proteins able to form complex with aluminium might have a high capacity of capturing coagulants and inhibit the coagulation in the drinking water treatment.
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Carroll, Elizabeth W., and Amy L. Freestone. "Habitat isolation interacts with top-down and bottom-up processes in a seagrass ecosystem." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0289174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289174.
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Habitat loss is accelerating at unprecedented rates, leading to the emergence of smaller, more isolated habitat remnants. Habitat isolation adversely affects many ecological processes independently, but little is known about how habitat isolation may interact with ecosystem processes such as top-down (consumer-driven) and bottom-up (resource-driven) effects. To investigate the interactive influence of habitat isolation, resource availability and consumer distribution and impact on community structure, we tested two hypotheses using invertebrate and algal epibionts on temperate seagrasses, an ecosystem of ecological and conservation importance. First, we hypothesized that habitat isolation will change the structure of the seagrass epibiont community, and isolated patches of seagrass will have lower epibiont biomass and different epibiont community composition than contiguous meadows. Second, we hypothesized that habitat isolation would mediate top-down (i.e., herbivory) and bottom-up (i.e., nutrient enrichment) control for algal epibionts. We used observational studies in natural seagrass patches and experimental artificial seagrass to examine three levels of habitat isolation. We further manipulated top-down and bottom-up processes in artificial seagrass through consumer reductions and nutrient additions, respectively. We indeed found that habitat isolation of seagrass patches decreased epibiont biomass and modified epibiont community composition. This pattern was largely due to dispersal limitation of invertebrate epibionts that resulted in a decline in their abundance and richness in isolated patches. Further, habitat isolation reduced consumer abundances, weakening top-down control of algal epibionts in isolated seagrass patches. Nutrient additions, however, reversed this pattern, and allowed a top-down effect on algal richness to emerge in isolated habitats, demonstrating a complex interaction between patch isolation and top-down and bottom-up processes. Habitat isolation may therefore shape the relative importance of central processes in ecosystems, leading to changes in community composition and food web structure in marine habitats.
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Stepanova, O. A. "Monitoring of Black Sea algal viruses Tetraselmis viridis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum in bays of Sevastopol as a component of ecological monitoring of the studied aquatories." Monitoring systems of environment, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33075/2220-5861-2020-3-139-148.
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Virus monitoring is a widespread control of their background circulation. Since 2002, the monitoring of algal viruses that infect microalgae Tetraselmis viridis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum has been carried out in the bays of Sevastopol differing in ecological conditions. The purpose of this work is to analyze and assess the results of this long-term (2002–2020) monitoring. The results obtained with taking into account the exactingness or resistance to environmental conditions of hosts of algal viruses that infect microalgae T. viridis and P. tricornutum were the basis for the following conclusions regarding the ecological well-being of the studied bays of Sevastopol: – relatively favorable ecological conditions in 2007–2008, 2017–2018 and in 2020. (maximum frequency of isolation PtV, and/or minimum TvV, and / or maximum difference in frequency of isolation between PtV and TvV); – unfavorable ecological conditions in 2002–2003, 2006 and 2015 (maximum frequency of isolation TvV, and/or minimum PtV, and/or maximum difference in frequency of isolation between TvV and PtV). Analysis of the monitoring results of algal viruses of T. viridis and P. tricornutum in 2015–2020 revealed that the studied relatively ecologically safe bays are characterized by the maximum number of all isolates of algal viruses (both TvV and PtV) and the numerical predominance of strains of algal virus of P. tricornutum, which is demanding to environmental conditions. At the same time, the minimum amount of all viral isolates was recorded in the ecologically unfavorable bay. The results of a long-term monitoring of algal viruses of T. viridis and P. tricornutum have established the possibility of using the monitoring of marine viruses, in particular of algal viruses of microalgae which are indicative of the ecological situation, as a component of complex ecological monitoring as ecological indicator.
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Michalak, Izabela, Agnieszka Dmytryk, Piotr P. Wieczorek, et al. "Supercritical Algal Extracts: A Source of Biologically Active Compounds from Nature." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/597140.
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The paper discusses the potential applicability of the process of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in the production of algal extracts with the consideration of the process conditions and yields. State of the art in the research on solvent-free isolation of biologically active compounds from the biomass of algae was presented. Various aspects related with the properties of useful compounds found in cells of microalgae and macroalgae were discussed, including their potential applications as the natural components of plant protection products (biostimulants and bioregulators), dietary feed and food supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Analytical methods of determination of the natural compounds derived from algae were discussed. Algal extracts produced by SFE process enable obtaining a solvent-free concentrate of biologically active compounds; however, detailed economic analysis, as well as elaboration of products standardization procedures, is required in order to implement the products in the market.
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Ramkumar, Ashwini, and Sridar Jayavel. "Isolation of Fatty Acid Constituents from Ulva Fasciata and its Anticancer Activity on HeLa Cells." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 10, no. 2 (2022): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v10i2.4999.
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Macroalgae are found as a great source of biologically active compounds important in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, 8 algal samples namely Ulvafasciata (Green algae), Padinagymnosphora, Sargassamwightii, and Turbinariaornate (brown algae), Gracilariacorticata, Halimedamacrolopa, Halymeniadilatata, and Gracilariacrassa (red algae) were collected and identified its fatty acid compositions. U. fasciatawhich showed high fatty acid constituents was further analysed for its anticancer activity against Hela cells by MTT assay and AO/EtBr staining. The results confirmed that U. fasciata could inhibit the Hela cells by cytotoxic activity and by inducing apoptosis and thus could be used as apontential source in treating cancers.
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Semeniuk, N. Ye, V. I. Shcherbak, O. A. Davydov, E. Sh Koziychuk та V. I. Yuryshynets. "ПРОСТОРОВА ДИНАМІКА ПЛАНКТОННИХ І КОНТУРНИХ АЛЬГОМЕТАУГРУПОВАНЬ ЛОТИЧНИХ І ЛЕНТИЧНИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ". Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 84, № 2 (2024): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.24.2.5.
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This paper examines the spatial dynamics of planktonic and contour algal metacommunities in two- and three-dimensional spaces within lotic and lentic ecosystems in Ukraine, focusing on case studies from the Kyiv and Kaniv Water Reservoirs, as well as the Ukrainian section of the Western Bug River and its tributaries. To study the spatial dynamics of algae in the horizontal plane, the well-known geographic method called Distance Decay of Similarity (DDS) was applied. It allows finding out whether there is any decrease in similarity between the local algal communities with increase in the geographic distance between the localities. Using the DDS method, we developed an integrated approach for assessing the "spatial factor," which considers both the geographic distance between localities and their degree of hydrological isolation. It has been proven that this integrated approach makes it possible to obtain more reliable data on the impact of the “spatial factor” upon the dispersal of algae. The spatial dynamics along the vertical axis includes exchange of species between the localities of the same type and between the localities of different types. Vertical dynamics in the system of localities of the same type can be illustrated by vertical diurnal migrations of planktonic Cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing. Vertical dynamics between the localities of different types includes sedimentation of some algal species from the plankton to the bottom and aquatic plants’ surface during algal blooms periods. In complex studies of algal metacommunities it is important to analyze their spatial dynamics in the three-dimensional space, which combines both the horizontal plane and vertical axis. In three localities within Kaniv Water Reservoir 72 species of algae were identified in plankton, 81 species in benthos and 80 species in epiphytic communities. There were 21 common (potentially interacting) species between phytoplankton and microphytobenthos, 18 – between phytoplankton and epiphytic algal communities, and 44 between microphytobenthos and epiphytic algal communities. As many as 14 species were common for phytoplankton, microphytobenthos and epiphytic algal communities. The algal metacommunity under study comprised a total of 164 species. The higher degree of species similarity was observed between the local communities in the horizontal plane than along the vertical axis. Applying the three-dimensional space concept enables the study of species exchange between local algal communities of different types, which form metacommunities within large lotic and lentic continental ecosystems.
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Not, Fabrice, Klaus Valentin, Khadidja Romari, et al. "Picobiliphytes: A Marine Picoplanktonic Algal Group with Unknown Affinities to Other Eukaryotes." Science 315, no. 5809 (2007): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1136264.
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Environmental sequencing has revealed unimagined diversity among eukaryotic picoplankton. A distinct picoplanktonic algal group, initially detected from 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, was hybridized with rRNA λ-targeted (rRNA-targeted) probes, detected by tyramide signal amplification–fluorescent in situ hybridization, and showed an organelle-like body with orange fluorescence indicative of phycobilins. Using this fluorescence signal, cells were sorted by flow cytometry and probed. Hybridized cells contained a 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole–stained organelle resembling a plastid with a nucleomorph. This suggests that they may be secondary endosymbiotic algae. Pending the isolation of living cells and their formal description, these algae have been termed picobiliphytes.
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Mayali, Xavier, Peter J. S. Franks, and Farooq Azam. "Cultivation and Ecosystem Role of a Marine Roseobacter Clade-Affiliated Cluster Bacterium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 9 (2008): 2595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02191-07.
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ABSTRACT Isolation and cultivation are a crucial step in elucidating the physiology, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem role of microorganisms. Many abundant marine bacteria, including the widespread Roseobacter clade-affiliated (RCA) cluster group, have not been cultured with traditional methods. Using novel techniques of cocultivation with algal cultures, we have accomplished successful isolation and propagation of a strain of the RCA cluster. Our experiments revealed that, in addition to growing on alga-excreted organic matter, additions of washed bacterial cells led to significant biomass decrease of dinoflagellate cultures as measured by in vivo fluorescence. Bacterial filtrate did not adversely affect the algal cultures, suggesting attachment-mediated activity. Using an RCA cluster-specific rRNA probe, we documented increasing attachment of these algicidal bacteria during a dinoflagellate bloom, with a maximum of 70% of the algal cells colonized just prior to bloom termination. Cross-correlation analyses between algal abundances and RCA bacterial colonization were statistically significant, in agreement with predator-prey models suggesting that RCA cluster bacteria caused algal bloom decline. Further investigation of molecular databases revealed that RCA cluster bacteria were numerically abundant during algal blooms sampled worldwide. Our findings suggest that the widespread RCA cluster bacteria may exert significant control over phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the oceans. We also suggest that coculture with phytoplankton may be a useful strategy to isolate and successfully grow previously uncultured but ecologically abundant marine heterotrophs.
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Yang, Jing, Kai Qiao, Junping Lv, et al. "Isolation and Identification of Two Algae-Lysing Bacteria against Microcystis aeruginosa." Water 12, no. 9 (2020): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092485.
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Algae blooms present an environmental problem worldwide. In response to the outbreak of harmful algal blooms in cyanobacteria, the role of biological control has drawn wide attention, particularly for algicidal bacteria. The mechanism underlying algicidal activity was determined in our study. Algae-lysing bacteria used were separated from water and sediment collected from the Fenhe scenic spot of Taiyuan. Genetic and molecular identification was conducted by polymerase chain reaction amplification based on 16S rDNA gene. These bacterial strains were identified as Raoultella planticola and Aeromonas sp. The algae-lysing characteristics were evaluated on Microcystis aeruginosa. For the two algicidal bacteria, the high inoculation ratio (>8%) of bacteria strains contributed to the lytic effect. M. aeruginosa could be completely removed by these strains at different cell ages. However, the time used decreased with an increase in cell age. The removal rate was increased while M. aeruginosa was in the lag and logarithmic phases. The earlier bacteria strains could be inoculated, the sooner all algae could be removed. Both algicidal substances were protein, which could destroy the photosynthetic systems and break the cell of M. aeruginosa. The algicidal bacteria strain has important theoretical and practical significance for economic and feasible algae removal and provides good germplasm resources and technical support for the control of cyanobacterial bloom.
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Black, W. A. P., E. T. Dewar, and F. N. Woodward. "Manufacture of algal chemicals. II. Laboratory-scale isolation of mannitol from brown marine algae." Journal of Applied Chemistry 1, no. 9 (2007): 414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010010909.
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Panggabean, Jonathan Ardhianto, Sya’ban Putra Adiguna, Siti Irma Rahmawati, et al. "Antiviral Activities of Algal-Based Sulfated Polysaccharides." Molecules 27, no. 4 (2022): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041178.
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An antiviral agent is urgently needed based on the high probability of the emergence and re-emergence of future viral disease, highlighted by the recent global COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence may be seen in the discovery of the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and recently discovered Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. The need for strategies besides testing and isolation, social distancing, and vaccine development is clear. One of the strategies includes searching for an antiviral agent that provides effective results without toxicity, which is well-presented by significant results for carrageenan nasal spray in providing efficacy against human coronavirus-infected patients. As the primary producer of sulfated polysaccharides, marine plants, including macro- and microalgae, offer versatility in culture, production, and post-isolation development in obtaining the needed antiviral agent. Therefore, this review will describe an attempt to highlight the search for practical and safe antiviral agents from algal-based sulfated polysaccharides and to unveil their features for future development.
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Chheang, P., F. T. Y. Min, J. Md Khudzari, and K. Iwamoto. "Isolation and characterization of filamentous biological soil crust forming algae from Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1091, no. 1 (2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1091/1/012028.
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The biological soil crust method (BSC Method), which was established in Japan, may be a viable strategy for addressing the erosion and sedimentation problems in Malaysia. However, because this strategy has never been tested in a tropical environment, there is concern that it will be washed away by heavy rains and biological disturbance. Thus, identification and characterization of indigenous BSC-forming algae should be prioritized to ensure the effectiveness of the technology. This study was to confirm the presence of biocrust filamentous algae in Malaysia, followed by the collection and isolation of the biocrusts and the identification of their morphological properties. Algal growth and soil-fixing ability were also determined. In this work, we have successfully isolated indigenous filamentous algae, which can be potential candidates for the BSC Method in Malaysia. Results have shown that cultivation with aeration increased the biomass by 1.9-fold after one-week of cultivation. Based on soil erosion tests, it was demostrated that the presence of filamentous alga helped increase the soil surface resistance. Our findings suggest by implementing the BSC Method on selected slopes, soil erosion in Malaysia can be mitigated.
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Ali, Wafa Ebridan, Hamida EL Elsalhin, and Farag Shaieb. "ISOLATION AND DEFINITION OF MARINE ALGAE FROM THE COAST OF SOUSA CITY IN LIBYA." EPH - International Journal of Applied Science 4, no. 4 (2018): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijas.v4i4.123.
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Sousa is a small Libyan town located on the Mediterranean coast in the Green Mountain. The present work was mainly intended to study the marine algae of Sousa coast. The study was carried out during spring (2016). Sea water samples have been collected from the coast of the city of Sousa which were microalgae, and macro algae (seaweeds) and have been identified. A total of 22 algal species (16 genera) was recorded in the study area. Eight species of them (36.36%) were belonging to Chlorophyta (3 families), four species (18.18%) belonging to Bacillariophyta (4 families), two species (9.09%) belonging to Cyanobacteria (2 families), two species (9.09%) belonging to Phaeophyta (2 families) and six species (27.27%) belonging to Rhodophyta (3families). Obtained results showed that the most common genus of Laurencia were found three species. However, Laurencia, Sargassum and Ulva were the most dominant species in this area during the season.
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Lippmeier, J. Casey, Aaron M. Brown, and Kirk E. Apt. "ISOLATION OF ALGAL GENES BY FUNCTIONAL COMPLEMENTATION OF YEAST1." Journal of Phycology 38, no. 3 (2002): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.t01-1-01022.x.
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Cao, Thi Thuy Hang, Nguyen Ha Vy Tran, Thi Thuan Nguyen, et al. "Diversity of seaweed-derived marine bacteria producing sulfated polysaccharide-degrading enzymes: Isolation, Screening, and Identification." Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (2025): 141–50. https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/22729.
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Marine bacteria associated with algae represent a valuable source of enzymes capable of degrading complex polysaccharides, such as fucoidan and ulvan. This study investigated bacteria isolated from 12 species of brown algae and 8 species of green algae, yielding 126 and 65 strains, respectively. Selective media supplemented with fucoidan or ulvan as the sole carbon source was employed to screen for enzymatic activity. The bacterial strains were characterized based on morphological features, and molecular identification was conducted through 16S rRNA sequencing. Several isolates demonstrated significant activity on fucoidan from Sargassum mcclurei and ulvan from Ulva fasciata. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a wide taxonomic range, with strains classified into the genera Alteromonas, Bacillus, Vibrio, Cobetia, and Delftia. This diversity underscores the metabolic adaptability of marine bacteria in degrading sulfated polysaccharides. The results provide insights into the enzymatic potential of marine bacteria for biotechnological applications, particularly in the conversion of algal biomass into bioactive compounds. These findings lay the foundation for further studies on enzyme characterization and industrial utilization of marine-derived polysaccharide-degrading bacteria.
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Zhang, Xiaoling, Zekang Pan, Jinkai Zhang, Bingqian Liu, and Qiao Yang. "Phycobacteria Biodiversity, Selected Isolation, and Bioactivity Elucidation of New Bacterial Species of Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum amtk4." Microorganisms 13, no. 6 (2025): 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13061198.
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Phycosphere niches host rich, unique microbial consortia that harbor complex algae–bacteria interactions with fundamental significance in underpinning most functions of aquatic ecological processes. Therefore, harvesting the uncultured phycobacteria is crucial for understanding the intricate mechanisms governing these dynamic interactions. Here, we characterized and compared microbial community composition of the phycosphere microbiota from six harmful algal bloom-forming marine dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp., and their bacterial associations. Furthermore, based on a combinational enhanced cultivation strategy (CECS) procedure for the selected isolation for cultivable phycobacteria, a new yellow-pigmented bioactive bacterium designated ABI-6-9 was successfully recovered from cultivable phycobacteria of the highly toxic A. minutum strain amtk4. An additional phylogenomic analysis fully identified this new isolate as a potential novel species of the genus Mameliella within the family Roseobacteraceae. The bioactivity evaluation observed that strain ABI-6-9 can significantly promote the cell growth of its algal host and altered the gonyautoxin accumulation profiles in the co-culture circumstance. Additionally, the bacterial production of active bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPSs) by strain ABI-6-9 was also measured after culture optimization. Thus, these findings revealed the potential environmental and biotechnological implications of this new microalgae growth- promoting phycobacterium.
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Spanner, Christian, Tatyana Darienko, Tracy Biehler, Bettina Sonntag, and Thomas Pröschold. "Endosymbiotic Green Algae in Paramecium bursaria: A New Isolation Method and a Simple Diagnostic PCR Approach for the Identification." Diversity 12, no. 6 (2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060240.
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Paramecium bursaria is a single-celled model organism for studying endosymbiosis among ciliates and green algae. Most strains of P. bursaria bear either Chlorella variabilis or Micractinium conductrix as endosymbionts. Both algal genera are unicellular green algae characterized by cup-shaped chloroplasts containing a single pyrenoid and reproduction by autospores. Due to their size and only few morphological characteristics, these green algae are very difficult to discriminate by microscopy only. Their cultivation is laborious and often unsuccessful, but we developed a three-step isolation method, which provided axenic cultures of endosymbionts. In addition to the time-consuming isolation, we developed a simple diagnostic PCR identification method using specific primers for C. variabilis and M. conductrix that provided reliable results. One advantage of this approach was that the algae do not have to be isolated from their host. For a comparative study, we investigated 19 strains of P. bursaria from all over the world (new isolates and available laboratory strains) belonging to the five known syngens (R1–R5). Six European ciliate strains belonging to syngens R1 and R2 bore M. conductrix as endosymbiont whereas C. variabilis was discovered in syngens R1–R5 having worldwide origins. Our results reveal the first evidence of C. variabilis as endosymbiont in P. bursaria in Europe.
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Loganathan, Nitin, Yi-Chin Candace Tsai, and Oliver Mueller-Cajar. "Characterization of the heterooligomeric red-type rubisco activase from red algae." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 49 (2016): 14019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610758113.
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The photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) is inhibited by nonproductive binding of its substrate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and other sugar phosphates. Reactivation requires ATP-hydrolysis–powered remodeling of the inhibited complexes by diverse molecular chaperones known as rubisco activases (Rcas). Eukaryotic phytoplankton of the red plastid lineage contain so-called red-type rubiscos, some of which have been shown to possess superior kinetic properties to green-type rubiscos found in higher plants. These organisms are known to encode multiple homologs of CbbX, the α-proteobacterial red-type activase. Here we show that the gene products of two cbbX genes encoded by the nuclear and plastid genomes of the red algae Cyanidioschyzon merolae are nonfunctional in isolation, but together form a thermostable heterooligomeric Rca that can use both α-proteobacterial and red algal-inhibited rubisco complexes as a substrate. The mechanism of rubisco activation appears conserved between the bacterial and the algal systems and involves threading of the rubisco large subunit C terminus. Whereas binding of the allosteric regulator RuBP induces oligomeric transitions to the bacterial activase, it merely enhances the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis in the algal enzyme. Mutational analysis of nuclear and plastid isoforms demonstrates strong coordination between the subunits and implicates the nuclear-encoded subunit as being functionally dominant. The plastid-encoded subunit may be catalytically inert. Efforts to enhance crop photosynthesis by transplanting red algal rubiscos with enhanced kinetics will need to take into account the requirement for a compatible Rca.
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Mirnenko, Eduard I. "Taxonomic diversity of phytoplankton of the Kalmius River and its reservoirs." Ecosystem Transformation 5, no. 2 (2022): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/estr-220204.
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The paper presents data on the taxonomic diversity of phytoplankton in the middle section of the Kalmius River and the reservoirs located on it. Floristic analysis showed the presence in the aquatic biocenosis of 291 species of algae and 162 intraspecific taxa belonging to 8 divisions, 18 classes, 42 orders, 66 families and 105 genera. The divisions Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta dominated in frequency of occurrence. The Shannon-Weaver index varied the most in the Starobeshevsk Reservoir. The Sorensen-Chekanovsky coefficient evidences the isolation of the phytoplankton algal flora of the Starobeshevsk Reservoir. In the Nizhnekalmius Reservoir, a regular annual repetition of the dominant types of algoflora development has been established.
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Elmi-Nia, Shiva, Mostafa Noroozi, Atoosa Vaziri, Ali Mohammadi, and Ali Pakdin Parizi. "Biodiversity of Cultivable Green Algae Collected From the Coast Of Guilan." Journal of Phycological Research 3, no. 1 (2019): 265–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3523207.
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In this study, the cultivable algae in the coasts of Guilan province in the south west part of the Caspian Sea were isolated, purified and then morphologically and molecularly identified in February 2016. The separated samples were examined by optical microscopy and morphological analysis. Then, 18S rDNA gene primer pair was used for green algae polymerase chain reaction. Totally, 14 algae strains were identified. Among them, four strains were related to the algal branch of Chlorophyta. Considering the importance of the Caspian Sea as one of the largest aquatic habitats in the country, many studies have been conducted on the identification and study of phytoplankton and algae of the Caspian Sea. The seasonal variation of phytoplanktons in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea was studied. During a winter season, 31 species belonged to the Chlorophyta among 32 study stations. The results of this research show that the growth and diversity of the algae in the habitats is affected by seasonal fluctuations and changes in environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, food level, type of bed (due to spread range of sampling area) and a combination of them. In general, research has shown that some factors such as salinity, temperature, source of nitrogen and ambient oxygen, pH, heavy elements, UV rays and other environmental stressors affect the chemical composition and antioxidant activity in algae.
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Simmons, Jeremy. "Algal control and destratification at Hanningfield Reservoir." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 2 (1998): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0154.
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In May 1994 an artificial destratification system was installed at the eutrophic 27,200ML Hanningfield raw water reservoir in Essex U.K. The main objective of this installation was to prevent poor raw water quality, which can result from hypolimnetic isolation in the Summer months when thermal stratification often occurs. By adopting an intermittent destratification strategy to constantly change reservoir conditions thus promoting competition amongst algae, it is hoped that an overall decrease in annual phytoplankton biomass at the reservoir will result. This in turn will reduce the pressure on the raw water treatment processes required to produce a potable water supply. This paper evaluates algal, meteorological, and other monitored variables to assess the effect of destratification on Hanningfield Reservoirs phytoplankton community from 1994 to 1996. Although noting the limited data period the results show little dominant phytoplankton type changes, but notes a fall of 66% in mean total biomass in 1996 compared to 1994 values.
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Baker, Dylan, James Lauer, Anna Ortega, Sara L. Jackrel, and Vincent J. Denef. "Effects of Phycosphere Bacteria on Their Algal Host Are Host Species-Specific and Not Phylogenetically Conserved." Microorganisms 11, no. 1 (2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010062.
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Phytoplankton is fundamental to life on Earth. Their productivity is influenced by the microbial communities residing in the phycosphere surrounding algal cells. Expanding our knowledge on how algal-bacterial interactions affect algal growth to more hosts and bacteria can help elucidate general principles of algal-host interactions. Here, we isolated 368 bacterial strains from phycosphere communities, right after phycosphere recruitment from pond water and after a month of lab cultivation and examined their impacts on growth of five green algal species. We isolated both abundant and rare phycosphere members, representing 18.4% of the source communities. Positive and neutral effects predominated over negative effects on host growth. The proportion of each effect type and whether the day of isolation mattered varied by host species. Bacteria affected algal carrying capacity more than growth rate, suggesting that nutrient remineralization and toxic byproduct metabolism may be a dominant mechanism. Across-host algal fitness assays indicated host-specific growth effects of our isolates. We observed no phylogenetic conservation of the effect on host growth among bacterial isolates. Even isolates with the same ASV had divergent effects on host growth. Our results emphasize highly specific host-bacterial interactions in the phycosphere and raise questions as to which mechanisms mediate these interactions.
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Sun, Cong, Ge-yi Fu, Chong-ya Zhang, et al. "Isolation and Complete Genome Sequence of Algibacter alginolytica sp. nov., a Novel Seaweed-Degrading Bacteroidetes Bacterium with Diverse Putative Polysaccharide Utilization Loci." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 10 (2016): 2975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00204-16.
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ABSTRACTThe members of the phylumBacteroidetesare recognized as some of the most important specialists for the degradation of polysaccharides. However, in contrast to research onBacteroidetesin the human gut, research on polysaccharide degradation by marineBacteroidetesis still rare. The genusAlgibacterbelongs to theFlavobacteriaceaefamily of theBacteroidetes, and most species in this genus are isolated from or near the habitat of algae, indicating a preference for the complex polysaccharides of algae. In this work, a novel brown-seaweed-degrading strain designated HZ22 was isolated from the surface of a brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica). On the basis of its physiological, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain HZ22 represents a novel species in the genusAlgibacterwith the proposed nameAlgibacter alginolyticasp. nov. The genome of strain HZ22, the type strain of this species, harbors 3,371 coding sequences (CDSs) and 255 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), including 104 glycoside hydrolases (GHs) and 18 polysaccharide lyases (PLs); this appears to be the highest proportion of CAZymes (∼7.5%) among the reported strains in the classFlavobacteria. Seventeen polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) are predicted to be specific for marine polysaccharides, especially algal polysaccharides from red, green, and brown seaweeds. In particular, PUL N is predicted to be specific for alginate. Taking these findings together with the results of assays of crude alginate lyases, we prove that strain HZ22Tcan completely degrade alginate. This work reveals that strain HZ22Thas good potential for the degradation of algal polysaccharides and that the structure and related mechanism of PUL in strain HZ22Tare worth further research.
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Shetty, Kateel G., Jacqueline V. Huntzicker, Kathleen S. Rein, and Krish Jayachandran. "Biodegradation of polyether algal toxins–Isolation of potential marine bacteria." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 45, no. 14 (2010): 1850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2010.520510.
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Matsuo, Y. "Isolation of an Algal Morphogenesis Inducer from a Marine Bacterium." Science 307, no. 5715 (2005): 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105486.
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Howarth, Alan J. "Method for rapid isolation and analysis of algal virus DNA." Journal of Virological Methods 19, no. 3-4 (1988): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0934(88)90027-4.
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Su, Jun-feng, Si-cheng Shao, Ting-lin Huang, et al. "Isolation, identification, and algicidal activity of aerobic denitrifying bacterium R11 and its effect on Microcystis aeruginosa." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 11 (2016): 2600–2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.085.
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Recently, algicidal bacteria have attracted attention as possible agents for the inhibition of algal water blooms. In this study, an aerobic denitrifying bacterium, R11, with high algicidal activity against the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa was isolated from lake sediments. Based on its physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence, it was identified as Raoultella, indicating that the bacterium R11 has a good denitrifying ability at 30 °C and can reduce the concentration of nitrate-N completely within 36 h. Additionally, different algicidal characteristics against Microcystis aeruginosa were tested. The results showed that the initial bacterial cell density and algal cell densities strongly influence the removal rates of chlorophyll a. Algicidal activity increased with an increase in the bacterial cell density. With densities of bacterial culture at over 2.4 × 105 cell/mL, algicidal activity of up to 80% was obtained in 4 days. We have demonstrated that, with the low initial algal cell density (OD680 less than 0.220), the algicidal activity reached was higher than 90% after 6 days.
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Sapp, Melanie, Antje Wichels, and Gunnar Gerdts. "Impacts of Cultivation of Marine Diatoms on the Associated Bacterial Community." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 9 (2007): 3117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02274-06.
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ABSTRACT The composition of bacterial communities associated with four diatom species was monitored during isolation and cultivation of algal cells. Strong shifts in the associated communities, linked with an increase in the numbers of phylotypes belonging to members of the Gammaproteobacteria, were observed during cultivation.
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Flewelling, Andrew J., John A. Johnson, and Christopher A. Gray. "Antimicrobials from the Marine Algal Endophyte Penicillium sp." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 3 (2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800324.
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An endophytic fungus identified as Penicillium sp. was isolated from the brown alga Fucus spiralis collected from the Shetland Islands, United Kingdom. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of the fungus led to the isolation of cladosporin, epiepoformin, phyllostine, and patulin, all of which showed antimicrobial activity against either Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cladosporin has not previously been identified from a fungus of the genus Penicillium, and, despite being biosynthetically related, epiepoformin, phyllostine and patulin have not been previously reported from one source.
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Öcal, Melda Meral, İlkcan Yalçın, and Dilek Tekdal. "Investigation of Changes in Salt and Microalgal Population Status in Çevlik (Samandağ, Hatay), Pompei (Mezitli, Mersin) Coastal Region Marine Water Resources." Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8, no. 4 (2025): 51–52. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1681666.
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Earthquakes remain among the most devastating natural disasters, and despite technological advancements, accurate prediction regarding their timing, location, and magnitude is still unattainable. Recent research highlights the significance of remote sensing indicators, such as chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations, sea surface temperature (SST), and salinity, as potential earthquake precursors. This study aimed to investigate variations in these marine parameters in the aftermath of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake and its aftershocks, particularly focusing on coastal areas in Samandağ (Hatay) and Mezitli (Mersin), Türkiye. Marine water samples collected from Pompei and Çevlik beaches. Key physicochemical parameters, including pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity(EC), were measured immediately upon collection. Samples were also processed for Chl-a analysis through acetone extraction and spectrophotometric measurements, and a portion was transferred to nutrient media for algal isolation. Microscopic analyses revealed significant differences in algal compositions between the two sites. While samples from Mezitli primarily showed the presence of Cylindrotheca closterium and other pennate diatoms, those from Samandağ exhibited higher species diversity, including Thalassionema, Syracosphaera, Grammatophora, and various flagellates and amoebae. Notably, despite lower pH and EC values in Samandağ, the site showed more diverse algal presence, suggesting a complex response of microalgal communities to post-seismic marine conditions. The findings emphasize the dynamic interplay between environmental parameters and biological diversity in marine ecosystems affected by seismic activity. The measured environmental parameters serve as vital indicators of ecosystem health and may influence physiological functions such as osmoregulation in marine algae. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between seismic events and coastal marine ecosystems. It underscores the importance of long-term monitoring to track ecosystem changes and the potential use of Chl-a concentration, and algal diversity as early indicators of environmental stress. Such insights are vital for marine conservation strategies in earthquake-prone regions.
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P., J. Praveen, Banerjee Kushal, S. Singh Keisham, Devi Prabha, and S. Paramesawaran P. "Fucoxanthin and pheophytin-a from the marine algae Sargassum cinereum: Isolation, characterization and their feeding deterrent activity on Shrimps." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 96, May 2019 (2019): 635–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648122.
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Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, bAcademic of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403 004, Goa, India <em>E-mail:</em> keisham@nio.org, keisham.sarjit@gmail.com Fax: 91-083-22450607 <em>Manuscript received online 05 April 2019, revised 25 April 2019, accepted 26 April 2019</em> Chemical investigation of the brown alga <em>Sargassum cinereum</em> collected from Goa coast, India led to the isolation of two bioactive pigments viz. pheophytin-a and fucoxanthin in a relatively good concentration. These pigments were known to possess several biological properties. Specifically, fucoxanthin is present in several micro- and macro-algae and known to exhibit a remarkable antioxidant, cytotoxic and, hypoglycemic activity. These pigments are being used in several health care products however; their feeding deterrent activity is not well understood. Here, we report the isolation of fucoxanthin and pheophytina, from this algal species by chromatographic techniques and their characterization on the basis of FTIR, UV-Vis, NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Additionally, feeding deterrent effects of the pigments on shrimps have been investigated by performing a feeding assay in an aquarium.
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Chang, Helen Y. Y., and Mary M. Allen. "The Isolation of Rhapidosomes from the Blue-green Alga, Spirulina." Microbiology 81, no. 1 (2000): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-81-1-121.
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Rhapidosomes, similar to those found in the flexibacterium Saprospira, have been isolated in the blue-green algal counterpart of Saprospira, Spirulina. They have been partially purified by renografin density gradients and shown to contain protein and a negligible amount of nucleic acid. Mitomycin C induction causes an increase in the number of rhapidosomes as well as an increase in the number of intact rhapidosome particles.
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Brussaard, C. P. D., S. M. Short, C. M. Frederickson, and C. A. Suttle. "Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Novel Viruses Infecting the Phytoplankton Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 6 (2004): 3700–3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.6.3700-3705.2004.
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ABSTRACT Viruses infecting the harmful bloom-causing alga Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae) were readily isolated from Dutch coastal waters (southern North Sea) in 2000 and 2001. Our data show a large increase in the abundance of putative P. globosa viruses during blooms of P. globosa, suggesting that viruses are an important source of mortality for this alga. In order to examine genetic relatedness among viruses infecting P. globosa and other phytoplankton, DNA polymerase gene (pol) fragments were amplified and the inferred amino acid sequences were phylogenetically analyzed. The results demonstrated that viruses infecting P. globosa formed a closely related monophyletic group within the family Phycodnaviridae, with at least 96.9% similarity to each other. The sequences grouped most closely with others from viruses that infect the prymnesiophyte algae Chrysochromulina brevifilum and Chrysochromulina strobilus. Whether the P. globosa viruses belong to the genus Prymnesiovirus or form a separate group needs further study. Our data suggest that, like their phytoplankton hosts, the Chrysochromulina and Phaeocystis viruses share a common ancestor and that these prymnesioviruses and their algal host have coevolved.
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O’Connor, Jack, Marco Garcia-Vaquero, Steve Meaney, and Brijesh Kumar Tiwari. "Bioactive Peptides from Algae: Traditional and Novel Generation Strategies, Structure-Function Relationships, and Bioinformatics as Predictive Tools for Bioactivity." Marine Drugs 20, no. 5 (2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20050317.
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Over the last decade, algae have been explored as alternative and sustainable protein sources for a balanced diet and more recently, as a potential source of algal-derived bioactive peptides with potential health benefits. This review will focus on the emerging processes for the generation and isolation of bioactive peptides or cryptides from algae, including: (1) pre-treatments of algae for the extraction of protein by physical and biochemical methods; and (2) methods for the generation of bioactive including enzymatic hydrolysis and other emerging methods. To date, the main biological properties of the peptides identified from algae, including anti-hypertensive, antioxidant and anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effects (for this review, anti-proliferative/cytotoxic will be referred to by the term anti-cancer), assayed in vitro and/or in vivo, will also be summarized emphasizing the structure–function relationship and mechanism of action of these peptides. Moreover, the use of in silico methods, such as quantitative structural activity relationships (QSAR) and molecular docking for the identification of specific peptides of bioactive interest from hydrolysates will be described in detail together with the main challenges and opportunities to exploit algae as a source of bioactive peptides.
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Sproles, Ashley E., Anthony Berndt, Francis J. Fields, and Stephen P. Mayfield. "Improved high-throughput screening technique to rapidly isolate Chlamydomonas transformants expressing recombinant proteins." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 106, no. 4 (2022): 1677–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-11790-9.
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Abstract The single-celled eukaryotic green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has long been a model system for developing genetic tools for algae, and is also considered a potential platform for the production of high-value recombinant proteins. Identifying transformants with high levels of recombinant protein expression has been a challenge in this organism, as random integration of transgenes into the nuclear genome leads to low frequency of cell lines with high gene expression. Here, we describe the design of an optimized vector for the expression of recombinant proteins in Chlamydomonas, that when transformed and screened using a dual antibiotic selection, followed by screening using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), permits rapid identification and isolation of microalgal transformants with high expression of a recombinant protein. This process greatly reduces the time required for the screening process, and can produce large populations of recombinant algae transformants with between 60 and 100% of cells producing the recombinant protein of interest, in as little as 3 weeks, that can then be used for whole population sequencing or individual clone analysis. Utilizing this new vector and high-throughput screening (HTS) process resulted in an order of magnitude improvement over existing methods, which normally produced under 1% of algae transformants expressing the protein of interest. This process can be applied to other algal strains and recombinant proteins to enhance screening efficiency, thereby speeding up the discovery and development of algal-derived recombinant protein products. Key points • A protein expression vector using double-antibiotic resistance genes was designed • Double antibiotic selection causes fewer colonies with more positive for phenotype • Coupling the new vector with FACS improves microalgal screening efficiency > 60%
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Guo, Yujing, Xiaoxiao Dong, Huiying Li, Yigang Tong, Zihe Liu, and Jin Jin. "Cyanophage Engineering for Algal Blooms Control." Viruses 16, no. 11 (2024): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16111745.
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Cyanobacteria represent a prevalent category of photosynthetic autotrophs capable of generating deleterious algal blooms, commonly known as cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs). These blooms often produce cyanotoxins, which pose risks to public health and ecosystems by contaminating surface waters and drinking water sources. Traditional treatment methods have limited effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new approach to effectively manage cyanoHABs. One promising approach is the use of cyanophages, which are viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria. Cyanophages serve as an effective biological control method for reducing cyanoHABs in aquatic systems. By engineering cyanophages, it is possible to develop a highly specific control strategy that minimally impacts non-target species and their propagation in the environment. This review explores the potential application of cyanophages as a strategy for controlling cyanoHABs. It includes the identification and isolation of broad-spectrum and novel cyanophages, with a specific focus on freshwater Microcystis cyanophages, highlighting their broad spectrum and high efficiency. Additionally, recent advancements in cyanophage engineering are discussed, including genome modification, functional gene identification, and the construction of artificial cyanophages. Furthermore, the current state of application is addressed. Cyanophage is a promising control strategy for effectively managing cyanoHABs in aquatic environments.
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Fernandez-Valenzuela, Saúl, Francisca Chávez-Ruvalcaba, Julio Cesar Beltran-Rocha, Pilar Morales San Claudio, and Raúl Reyna-Martínez. "Isolation and Culturing Axenic Microalgae: Mini–Review." Open Microbiology Journal 15, no. 1 (2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285802115010111.
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Microalgae have several applications in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biofuel production, and bioremediation, among other fields. Isolation and purification are extremely important for obtaining axenic cultures of microalgae from different environments and crucial for their biotechnological applications, but it is not an easy task. In view of the above, it is fundamental to know the classical and advanced techniques and examples of how scientists from around the globe have applied such methods to isolate several genera and the impact of each step on successful algal purification. This review provides a brief and simple explanation of the methodology for sampling, growth, obtention of unialgal, and posterior axenic culture, which will facilitate the development of novel microalgae-related discoveries and applications for new researchers.
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Ni, Lixiao, Kumud Acharya, Xiangyang Hao, and Shiyin Li. "Isolation and identification of an anti-algal compound from Artemisia annua and mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae." Chemosphere 88, no. 9 (2012): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.009.
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