Relevant bibliographies by topics / Algal metabolites in water

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Academic literature on the topic 'Algal metabolites in water'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Algal metabolites in water"

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Ando, A., M. Miwa, M. Kajino, and S. Tatsumi. "Removal of Musty-Odorous Compounds in Water and Retained in Algal Cells through Water Purification Processes." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0065.

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Musty-odorous compounds, metabolites of some species of blue-green algae, are usually contained in both the water and algal cell bodies. The compounds in the latter solid phase were found to be easily removed by coagulation and sedimentation without breakpoint prechlorination (intermediate chlorination used instead). Chlorination of the algae results in an artificial release of the metabolite content into the surrounding water. When a large fraction of the compounds was present in the algal cell bodies, more than 60% of these compounds were removed in the intermediate-chlorination treatment. Powdered activated carbon treatment is effective in removing the compounds in the aqueous phase. However, the effectivness was usually limited in practical treatment to high concentrations of musty odor. On the other hand, the ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment was found to be an effective method for removal. It was observed that the musty-odorous compounds were completely removed through the ozonation and GAC treatment system, which included coagulation and sedimentation without prechlorination.
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Jorissen, Hendrikje, Christina Skinner, Ronald Osinga, Dirk de Beer, and Maggy M. Nugues. "Evidence for water-mediated mechanisms in coral–algal interactions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1836 (August 17, 2016): 20161137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1137.

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Although many coral reefs have shifted from coral-to-algal dominance, the consequence of such a transition for coral–algal interactions and their underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. At the microscale, it is unclear how diffusive boundary layers (DBLs) and surface oxygen concentrations at the coral–algal interface vary with algal competitors and competitiveness. Using field observations and microsensor measurements in a flow chamber, we show that coral (massive Porites ) interfaces with thick turf algae, macroalgae, and cyanobacteria, which are successful competitors against coral in the field, are characterized by a thick DBL and hypoxia at night. In contrast, coral interfaces with crustose coralline algae, conspecifics, and thin turf algae, which are poorer competitors, have a thin DBL and low hypoxia at night. Furthermore, DBL thickness and hypoxia at the interface with turf decreased with increasing flow speed, but not when thick turf was upstream. Our results support the importance of water-mediated transport mechanisms in coral–algal interactions. Shifts towards algal dominance, particularly dense assemblages, may lead to thicker DBLs, higher hypoxia, and higher concentrations of harmful metabolites and pathogens along coral borders, which in turn may facilitate algal overgrowth of live corals. These effects may be mediated by flow speed and orientation.
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Wang, Di, Liling Xie, Xingbiao Zhu, Xiao Bi, Yuzhong Zheng, and Yankun Zhu. "Study on the metabolites of DH-e, a Halomonas marine bacterium, against three toxic dinoflagellate species." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 7 (October 5, 2018): 1535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.426.

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Abstract Algicidal bacteria play an important role in mitigating harmful algal blooms (HABs). In the study, five bacterial strains were isolated from the East China Sea. One strain of algicidal bacterium, named DH-e, was found to selectively inhibit the motor ability of Prorocentrum donghaiense, Alexandrium tamarense (ATDH-47) and Karenia mikimotoi Hansen. Both 16S rDNA sequence analysis and morphological characteristics revealed that the algicidal DH-e bacterium belonged to Halomonas. Furthermore, results showed that the metabolites in the DH-e cell-free filtrate could kill algae directly, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the bacterial metabolites on the cells of the three dinoflagellate species ranged from 35.0–70.0 μg/mL. Following short-term inhibitory tests, the dinoflagellates in mixed crude extract solution (0.7 mg/mL) ceased movement after 5 min. The algicidal mechanism of the metabolites was investigated through enzyme activities, including that of catalase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acetone peroxide (T-ATP) synthetase and nitrite reductase (NR). Results indicated that metabolites did not disrupt the energy or nutrient routes of the algae (P > 0.05), but did initiate an increase in free radicals in the algal cells, which might explain the subsequent death of sensitive algae. Thus, the metabolites of the DH-e bacterium showed promising potential for controlling HABs.
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Xu, Qiuyang, Meixue Shi, Shaohua Wang, and Yuchun Qing. "Study on the Effect of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Algae Growth in the Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016502001.

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With the development of industry, synthetic drugs and their secondary metabolites bring some hidden dangers to environmental safety. As an excellent drug, salicylic acid is widely used in cardiovascular drugs, industrial dyes, skin care and acne products, etc. Therefore, it is possible to detect salicylic acid molecules, its derivatives or secondary metabolites in the natural environment. It should be noted that salicylic acid, as an endogenous signal molecule, can greatly affect plant growth. In this study, the common algal Spirogyra in fresh water was taken as the research object. The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on the growth of Spirogyra were analyzed through the changes of chlorophyll content and plant cross section during the growth of Spirogyra. It is found that the concentration of salicylic acid in the natural environment generally promotes the development of algae and improves their resistance to environmental stress. Therefore, as a possible correlation index of algal blooms, it deserves our attention.
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Ho, L., D. Hoefel, W. Aunkofer, T. Meyn, A. Keegan, J. Brookes, C. Saint, and G. Newcombe. "Biological filtration for the removal of algal metabolites from drinking water." Water Supply 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.064.

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Biological sand filters were assessed for their ability to remove geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and microcystin-LR. Microcystin-LR was the most readily degradable metabolite with a maximum lag period of only 5 days before it was undetected in the filter effluent. Geosmin and MIB were difficult to degrade, with a period in excess of 75 days before greater than 95% removal was achieved. A microcystin-degrading gene was detected in the biofilm from one of the filters, confirming that the biofilm possessed the ability to degrade microcystin. A Sphingomonas sp. was identified as a potential geosmin degrader based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. DGGE analysis revealed a more complex bacterial community during the degradation of MIB, suggesting that more than one bacterium may be responsible for its degradation.
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Cotsaris, E., A. Bruchet, J. Mallevialle, and D. B. Bursill. "The identification of odorous metabolites produced from algal monocultures." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0443.

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Four algal species commonly found in the River Seine were cultured for a comprehensive investigation of their odorous metabolites. Closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA), open stripping analysis (OSA) and steam distillation extraction (SDE) were used to extract and concentrate a wide range of metabolites. The odour causing compounds were identified by a combination of chemical (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)) and sensory (sensory-gas chromatography (sensory-GC), flavour profile analysis (FPA)) analyses. The compounds found responsible for unpleasant odours were alkenes, saturated and unsaturated aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, sulphides and pyrazines. Some of the odorous compounds responsible for septic and muddy/musty odours may have been of bacterial or fungal origin as the cultures were non-axenic. Sensory-GC was found to be a valuable tool in identifying compounds of very low odour thresholds, which were present at or below the detection limits of the GC-MS.
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Dietrich, A. M., R. C. Hoehn, L. C. Dufresne, L. W. Buffin, D. M. C. Rashash, and B. C. Parker. "Oxidation of odorous and nonodorous algal metabolites by permanganate, chlorine, and chlorine dioxide." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0439.

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The six algal metabolites, at concentrations of 20-225 μg/l, were oxidized with potassium permanganate, chlorine, or chlorine dioxide at doses of 0.25-3 mg/l. Flavor profile analysis (FPA) was used to determine the odors of the solutions before and after oxidation. Linoleic and palmitic acids, which are odorless compounds, were oxidized to odorous products by all three oxidants. The odor intensity of β-cyclocitral (grape, sweet tobacco) and phenethyl alcohol (rose, floral) was only slightly decreased by any of the oxidants. Oxidation by permanganate or chlorine either eliminated or greatly reduced the odors associated with linolenic acid (watermelon) and 2t,6c-nonadienal (cucumber); chlorine dioxide was ineffective at reducing the cucumber odor of 2t,6c-nonadienal. Oxidation, at doses typically applied for drinking water treatment, can result in the destruction of certain algae-related odors but in the formation of other odors.
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Dixon, M. B., C. Falconet, L. Ho, C. W. K. Chow, B. K. O'Neill, and G. Newcombe. "Nanofiltration for the removal of algal metabolites and the effects of fouling." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 5 (March 1, 2010): 1189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.903.

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Nanofiltration (NF) has been shown to be an effective way of removing organic micropollutants from drinking water due to its size exclusion properties. A rapid bench scale membrane test unit was utilised to trial six NF membranes to remove the algal metabolites, microcystin, cylindrospermopsin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin (GSM). Membrane fouling due to the algal metabolites was observed for both charged and neutral metabolites. MIB and GSM were removed effectively by low molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) membranes but less effectively by a higher MWCO membrane. Removal of MIB and GSM by the higher MWCO membrane was improved as the membrane fouled. Microcystin was initially removed to above 90% by tight NF membranes but fouling of several membranes caused decreased percent removals over time. Tight NF membranes afforded removals of 90–100% for cylindrospermopsin, while removal by the higher MWCO membrane was lower but improved with time due to fouling.
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Pereira, Leonel. "Seaweeds as Source of Bioactive Substances and Skin Care Therapy—Cosmeceuticals, Algotheraphy, and Thalassotherapy." Cosmetics 5, no. 4 (November 22, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5040068.

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Riverine, estuarine, and coastal populations have always used algae in the development of home remedies that were then used to treat diverse health problems. The empirical knowledge of various generations originated these applications, and their mechanism of action is, in most cases, unknown, that is, few more scientific studies would have been described beyond simple collection and ethnographic recording. Nevertheless, recent investigations, carried out with the purpose of analyzing the components and causes that alter the functioning and the balance of our organism, are already giving their first results. Water, and especially sea water is considered as essential to life on our planet. It sings all the substances necessary and conducive to the development of the living being (minerals, catalysts, vitamins, amino acids, etc.). Oceans cover over 70% of Earth, being home to up to 90% of the organisms in the planet. Many rich resources and unique environments are provided by the ocean. Additionally, bioactive compounds that multiple marine organisms have a great potential to produce can be used as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Both primary and secondary metabolites are produced by algae. The first ones are directly implicated in development, normal growth, or reproduction conditions to perform physiological functions. Stress conditions, like temperature changes, salinity, environmental pollutants, or UV radiation exposure cause the performance of secondary metabolites. In algae, proteins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, and amino acids are primary metabolites and phenolic compounds, pigments, vitamins, sterols, and other bioactive agents, all produced in algae tissues, are secondary metabolites. These algal active constituents have direct relevance in cosmetics.
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Munir, Mubashrah, Arshad Mahmood, Rahmatullah Qureshi, Sidra Murtaza, and Mehmooda Munazir. "Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Proximate Analysis, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of an Algal Species of Hydrodictyon Reticulatum." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 01–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0147.

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The freshwater algae grow in a wide range of aquatic habitats across the globe and are rich in secondary metabolites. The present study was designed to conduct the phytochemical screening, proximate analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of water net (Hydrodictyon reticulatum), an algal weed from Pakistan. The pure and dried algal mass was crushed into a fine powder and four solvent-based extracts were used for phytochemical screening. The results of preliminary qualitative screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, phenols, quinones, steroids, resins, anthraquinones, glycosides, lignin, proteins, saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, alkaloids, terpenoids, fats, and oils, whereas the quantification results revealed the high quantities of total ash, crude proteins, crude fiber, alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, and chlorophyll a. The studied methanolic extracts with maximum concentration (150 μg/ml) showed significantly (p-value ≤ 0.05) higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The IC50 values of the crude methanolic extract of water net were found very close to streptomycin (positive control) against both bacterial pathogenic species of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. This study concluded that the crude extracts of water net possessed antibacterial activity at par to streptomycin drug, and requires further detailed study for the separation, identification, and testing of the pure phytochemical compound to be used by the nutraceutical and or pharmaceutical industry.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Algal metabolites in water"

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Provan, Anne. "Systematic chemical screening of mircroalgae." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366955.

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Mann, Maryssa Gudrun Ailsa. "An investigation of the antimicrobial and antifouling properties of marine algal metabolites." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007465.

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Prevention of the accumulation of undesirable biological material i.e. biofouling upon a solid surface requires the use of antifouling systems. The solid surface may be a contact lens, an off shore oil rig or a living organism. When chemicals are employed as a mechanism of defense against biofouling, the agents involved are known as antifouling agents. Marine algae must protect themselves from fouling organisms and it is thought that one of the mechanisms used by these organisms is the production of secondary metabolites with an array of biological activities. In vitro studies have shown numerous compounds isolated from marine algae to possess antibacterial, antifungal and antimacrofouling activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the secondary metabolite extracts of selected Southern African marine macro-algae as a potential source of compounds that inhibit biofilm formation and that could be used as antifouling agents. In this project, marine macro-algae were collected from various sites along the South African coastline. Their extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against four ubiquitous microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium aurm and Candida albicans. Results of screening assays guided the fractionation of two Rhodophyta, Plocamium corallorhiza and Laurencia flexuosa. The algae were fractionated using silica gel column chromatography and compounds were isolated by semi-preparative normal phase HPLC. Compound characterization was performed using UV, IR and advanced one- and two-dimensional NMR (¹H, ¹³C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Ten halogenated monoterpenes including four members of the small class of halogenated monoterpene aldehydes were isolated from extracts of P. corallorhiza. The compounds isolated included the known compounds 3,4,6,7-tetrachloro-3,7-dimethyl-1-octene; 4,6-dibromo-1, 1-dichloro-3,7 -dimethyl-2E,7 octadiene; 4,8-d ibromo-1,1,7 -trichloro-3, 7-dimethyl-2,5Eoctadiene;1 ,4,8-tribromo-3, 7 -dichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1 E,5E-octadiene; 8-bremo-6, 7-dichloro-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2E,4E-dienal; 4-Bromo-8-chloro-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2E,6E-dienal; 4,6- Dibromo-3,7-dimethyl-octa-2E,7-dienal; 2,4-dichloro-1-(2-chlorovinyl)-1-methyl-5-methylidene-cyclohexane and two new metabolites 4,8-chloro-3,7-dimethyl-2Z,4,6Z-octatrien-1-al and Compound 3.47. Methodology was developed for the chemical derivatization and mass spectrometric analysis of the aldehydic compounds, The aldehyde trapping reagent 0-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride was used to derivatize the molecules, stabilizing them and allowing for their complete characterization. From Laurencia flexuosa a new cuparene sesquiterpene 4-bremo-2-(5-hydroxy-1,2,2- trimethylcyclopent-3-enyl)-5-methylphenol was isolated along with two geometric isomers of the vinyl acetylene bromofucin , An halogenated monoterpene 3S*,4R*-1-bromo-3,4,8-trichloro-9-dichloromethyl-1-E,5-E,7-Z-octatriene was also isolated but was suspected to be a contaminant and an investigation into its biological source revealed that it originated from Plocamium suhrii. A third alga, Martensia elegans was extracted based on published reports of antimicrobial compounds in related species. A new a-alkyl malate derivative was isolated and characterized. Selected compounds isolated during the course of the study were employed in preliminary assays that tested their ability to inhibit biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The halogenated monoterpenes isolated from the Plocamium species were the only active compounds. 3S*,4R*-1-bromo-3,4,S-trichloro-g-dichloromethyl-1-E,5-E,7-octatriene from P. suhrii inhibited biofilm formation through antibacterial activity on planktonic cells but could not prevent biofilm formation when employed as a film on the surface of microtitre plate wells. 1,4,8-tribromo-3,7-dichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1E,5E-octadiene and 4,6-dibromo-1,1-dichloro-3,7-dimethyl-2E,7-octadiene inhibited biofilm formation when applied as a film to the microtitre plate wells but had no significant antibacterial activity. No potential antifouling agents were identified in this project but the antimicrobial activity exhibited by the crude algal extracts was highly encouraging and a number of new research areas have been identified.
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Gordon, Richard. "The Role of Water Motion in Algal Reproduction." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GordonR2001.pdf.

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Wissinger, Joshua Clinton. "Hydrothermal Treatment of Algal Feedstocks." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1370954774.

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Nylund, Göran M. "Epibiosis of red algae and algal metabolites as settlement inhibitors of the barnacle Balanus improvisus Darwin." Göteborg [Sweden] : Dept. of Marine Botany, Göteborg University, 1999. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/20311.

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Thesis (master's)--Göteborg University, 1999.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 25, 2007). At head of title: Tjärno Marine Biological Laboratory. Includes bibliographical references (p. 13-14).
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Woodruff, Sarah Louise. "Biomineralisation reactions of algal biofilms at the sediment-water interface." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368647.

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Wells, Charles Digby. "Tertiary treatment in integrated algal ponding systems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006162.

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Inadequate sanitation is one of the leading causes of water pollution and consequently illness in many underdeveloped countries, including South Africa and, specifically, the Eastern Cape Province, where cholera has become endemic. As modern wastewater treatment processes are often energy intensive and expensive, they are not suitable for use in these areas. There is thus a need to develop more sustainable wastewater treatment technologies for application in smaller communities. The integrated algal ponding system (IAPS) was identified as a possible solution to this wastewater management problem and was investigated for adaptation to local conditions, at the Rhodes University Environmental Experimental Field Station in Grahamstown, South Africa. The system was monitored over a period of nine years, with various configuration adjustments of the high rate algal pond (HRAP) unit operation investigated. Under standard operating conditions, the system was able to achieve levels of nutrient and organic removal comparable with conventional wastewater treatment works. The mean nitrate level achieved in the effluent was below the 15mg.l-1 South African discharge standard, however, nitrate removal in the IAPS was found to be inconsistent. Although the system was unable to sustain chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal to below the 75mg.l-1 South African discharge standard, a removal rate of 87% was recorded, with the residual COD remaining in the form of algal biomass. Previous studies in the Eastern Cape Province have shown that few small wastewater treatment works produce effluent that meets the microbial count specification. Therefore, in addition to the collation of IAPS data from the entire nine year monitoring period, this study also investigated the use of the HRAP as an independent unit operation for disinfection of effluent from small sewage plants. It was demonstrated that the independent high rate algal pond (IHRAP) as a free standing unit operation could consistently produce water with Escherichia coli counts of 0cfu.100ml-1. The observed effect was related to a number of possible conditions prevailing in the system, including elevated pH, sunlight and dissolved oxygen. It was also found that the IHRAP greatly enhanced the nutrient removal capabilities of the conventional IAPS, making it possible to reliably and consistently maintain phosphate and ammonium levels in the final effluent to below 5mg.l-1 and 2mg.l-1 respectively (South African discharge standards are 10mg.l-1 and 3mg.l-1 in each case). The quality of the final effluent produced by the optimisation of the IAPS would allow it to be used for irrigation, thereby providing an alternative water source in water stressed areas. The system also proved to be exceptionally robust and data collected during periods of intensive and low management regimes were broadly comparable. Results of the 9 year study have demonstrated reliable performance of the IAPS and its use an appropriate, sustainable wastewater treatment option for small communities.
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Lu, Songhui. "Ecological studies of phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms in Junk Bay, Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576209.

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Williams, David Ellis. "Novel secondary metabolites from selected cold water marine invertebrates." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29175.

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A study of the secondary metabolism of two nudibranchs and one soft coral has led to the isolation of eighteen new and two known secondary metabolites. The structures of all compounds were determined by a combination of the interpretation of spectral data, chemical degradations and interconversions, and single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. The British Columbian dorid nudibranch Diaulula sandiegensis yielded two new steroidal metabolites, diaulusterols A (41) and B (42). The 25-(3-hydroxybutanoate) residue of diaulusterol A (41) and the 2α,3α-diol array of both 41 and 42 are not commonly encountered in naturally occurring steroids. Both metabolites exhibited considerable antibacterial and antifungal activity. Steroid 41 exhibited fish antifeedant activity. The relative concentration of 4.1 and 42 in the skin extracts of D. sandiegensis appears to be related to the animals' seasonal abundance. Extracts of the British Columbian soft coral Gersemia rubiformis yielded a series of ten diterpenes possessing cembrane (170-175), pseudopterane (167-169) and gersolane (176) carbon skeletons. The structure of an eleventh diterpene remains unresolved. In addition, the structure of a degraded diterpene possessing a 13-membered ring (177) is tentatively proposed. G. rubiformis represents the first example of a soft coral to yield pseudopterane diterpenes. The organism is the first to contain cembrane, pseudopterane and gersolane metabolites, a fact which has biogenetic implications. Two new sesquiterpenes were also isolated. Tochuinyl acetate (165) and dihydrotochuinyl acetate (166) represent the first examples of cuparane sesquiterpenes to be isolated from a soft coral. A biogenesis is proposed. Metabolite 166 exhibited fish antifeedant activity. Investigations of Gersemia rubiformis collected in Newfoundland waters revealed that the secondary metabolism differed from west coast specimens. The isolation of the new unstable sesquiterpene (+)-β-cubebene-3-acetate (178) resulted. Skin extracts of the dendronotoid nudibranch Toquina tetraquetra were examined in an attempt to correlate its feeding dependency and lack of predation to the presence of allomones. Metabolites 165, 166, 170, 179 and the new butanoate diterpene 180 could be traced to the coelenterates which make up the animal's diet. Tochuinyl acetate (165), dihydrotochuinyl acetate (166) and rubifolide (170) were previously found in extracts of Gersemia rubiformis. Ptilosarcenone (179) has been reported as one of the major metabolites of the sea pen Ptilosarcus gurneyi²¹³. The exact origin of a sixth metabolite, pukalide (63), remains unknown. It is proposed that Tochuina tetraquetra selectively sequesters dietary metabolites for defensive purposes.
Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
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Westensee, Dirk Karl. "Post-treatment technologies for integrated algal pond systems." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018180.

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Integrated Algae Pond Systems (IAPS) are a derivation of the Oswald designed Algal Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems (AIWPS®) and combine the use of anaerobic and aerobic bioprocesses to effect wastewater treatment. IAPS technology was introduced to South Africa in 1996 and a pilot plant designed and commissioned at the Belmont Valley WWTW in Grahamstown. The system has been in continual use since implementation and affords a secondarily treated water for reclamation according to its design specifications which most closely resemble those of the AIWPS® Advanced Secondary Process developed by Oswald. As a consequence, and as might be expected, while the technology performed well and delivered a final effluent superior to most pond systems deployed in South Africa it was unable to meet The Department of Water Affairs General Standard for nutrient removal and effluent discharge. The work described in this thesis involved the design, construction, and evaluation of several tertiary treatment units (TTU') for incorporation into the IAPS process design. Included were; Maturation Ponds (MP), Slow Sand Filter (SSF) and Rock Filters (RF). Three MP's were constructed in series with a 12 day retention time and operated in parallel with a two-layered SSF and a three-stage RF. Water quality of the effluent emerging from each of these TTU's was monitored over a 10 month period. Significant decreases in the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium-N, phosphate-P, nitrate-N, faecal coliforms (FC) and total coliforms (TC) were achieved by these TTU's. On average, throughout the testing period, water quality was within the statutory limit for discharge to a water course that is not a listed water course, with the exception of the total suspended solids (TSS). The RF was determined as the most suitable TTU for commercial use due to production of a better quality water, smaller footprint, lower construction costs and less maintenance required. From the results of this investigation it is concluded that commercial deployment of IAPS for the treatment of municipal sewage requires the inclusion of a suitable TTU. Furthermore, and based on the findings presented, RF appears most appropriate to ensure that quality of the final effluent meets the standard for discharge.
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Books on the topic "Algal metabolites in water"

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Meyer, M. T., and E. M. Thurman, eds. Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0630.

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Prasad, Braj Nandan. Fresh water algal flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 1992.

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Wilson, Anne. Algal interference with chemical clarification processes during water treatment. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1991.

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Jung, M. C. Victoria. The role of selected plant and microbial metabolites in the nutrient solution of closed growing systems in greenhouses. Alnarp: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.

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Morace, Jennifer L. Relation between selected water-quality variables, climatic factors, and lake levels in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1990-2006. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Morace, Jennifer L. Relation between selected water-quality variables, climatic factors, and lake levels in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1990-2006. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Morace, Jennifer L. Relation between selected water-quality variables, climatic factors, and lake levels in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1990-2006. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Morace, Jennifer L. Relation between selected water-quality variables, climatic factors, and lake levels in Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 1990-2006. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Woodruff, Sarah. Biomineralisation reactions of algal biofilms at the sediment-water interface. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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1926-2007, Vallentyne John R., ed. The algal bowl: Overfertilization of the world's freshwaters and estuaries. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Algal metabolites in water"

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Vidhyanandan, Lakshmi Mangattukara, Suresh Manalilkutty Kumar, and Swapna Thacheril Sukumaran. "Algal Metabolites and Phyco-Medicine." In Plant Metabolites: Methods, Applications and Prospects, 291–316. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5136-9_13.

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Pohnert, Georg. "Influence of Algal Secondary Metabolites on Plankton Community Structure." In Algal Chemical Ecology, 195–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74181-7_9.

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Pelletreau, Karen N., and Nancy M. Targett. "New Perspectives for Addressing Patterns of Secondary Metabolites in Marine Macroalgae." In Algal Chemical Ecology, 121–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74181-7_6.

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Sotka, Erik E., and Kristen E. Whalen. "Herbivore Offense in the Sea: The Detoxifi cation and Transport of Secondary Metabolites." In Algal Chemical Ecology, 203–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74181-7_10.

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König, Gabriele M., and Anthony D. Wright. "Algal Secondary Metabolites and Their Pharmaceutical Potential." In ACS Symposium Series, 276–93. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0534.ch019.

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Knepper, Thomas P., and Peter Eichhorn. "Surfactant Metabolites." In Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle, 211–50. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760877x.ch9.

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Rico, Milagros, Aridane G. González, Magdalena Santana-Casiano, Melchor González-Dávila, Norma Pérez-Almeida, and Miguel Suarez de Tangil. "Production of Primary and Secondary Metabolites Using Algae." In Prospects and Challenges in Algal Biotechnology, 311–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1950-0_12.

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Keith, Darryl J. "Algal Bloom Monitoring: Remote Sensing." In Fresh Water and Watersheds, 265–76. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441042-37.

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Mehmood, Muhammad Aamer, Umer Rashid, Muhammad Ibrahim, Farhat Abbas, and Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. "Algal Biomass Production Using Waste Water." In Biomass and Bioenergy, 307–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07641-6_18.

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Fobbe, Rita, Birgit Kuhlmann, Jürgen Nolte, Gudrun Preuß, Christian Skark, and Ninette Zullei-Seibert. "Polar Herbicides and Metabolites." In Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle, 121–53. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/352760877x.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Algal metabolites in water"

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Dey, Dipayan, Dipayan Dey, Ashoka Maity, and Ashoka Maity. "INTEGRATED ALGA-CULTURE IN INUNDATED COASTAL FARMLANDS OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS AS A SUSTAINABLE ADAPTATION FOR MARGINAL COMMUNITIES TOWARDS CLIMATE RISK REDUCTION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315abc24f.

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Algae has a great potential for quick capture of biological carbon and its storage in saltwater-inundated coastal wetlands and can also be introduced as a climate adaptive alternate farming practice. An intervention with native algal flora Enteromorpha sp. in enclosed coastal Sundarbans in India on two open water culture techniques, viz. U-Lock & Fish-Bone, shows that growth in native algal stock is influenced by seasonal variations of salinity and other limnological factors. Sundarbans, facing the odds of climate change is fast loosing arable lands to sea level rise. Algaculture in inundated coastal areas can be an adaptive mitigation for the same. Perusal of results show that daily growth rate (DGR%) increases with increasing salinity of the intruding tidal waters to an extent and biomass increment under salt stress results in accumulation of metabolites those are having nutrient values and can yield bio-diesel as well. Algal growth recorded mostly in post monsoon period, has impacts on pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the ambient water to facilitate integrated pisciculture. The paper suggests that alga-culture has unrealized potentials in carbon sequestration and can be significantly used for extraction of Biodiesel.
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Dey, Dipayan, Dipayan Dey, Ashoka Maity, and Ashoka Maity. "INTEGRATED ALGA-CULTURE IN INUNDATED COASTAL FARMLANDS OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS AS A SUSTAINABLE ADAPTATION FOR MARGINAL COMMUNITIES TOWARDS CLIMATE RISK REDUCTION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b94727c6e25.03483562.

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Algae has a great potential for quick capture of biological carbon and its storage in saltwater-inundated coastal wetlands and can also be introduced as a climate adaptive alternate farming practice. An intervention with native algal flora Enteromorpha sp. in enclosed coastal Sundarbans in India on two open water culture techniques, viz. U-Lock & Fish-Bone, shows that growth in native algal stock is influenced by seasonal variations of salinity and other limnological factors. Sundarbans, facing the odds of climate change is fast loosing arable lands to sea level rise. Algaculture in inundated coastal areas can be an adaptive mitigation for the same. Perusal of results show that daily growth rate (DGR%) increases with increasing salinity of the intruding tidal waters to an extent and biomass increment under salt stress results in accumulation of metabolites those are having nutrient values and can yield bio-diesel as well. Algal growth recorded mostly in post monsoon period, has impacts on pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of the ambient water to facilitate integrated pisciculture. The paper suggests that alga-culture has unrealized potentials in carbon sequestration and can be significantly used for extraction of Biodiesel.
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Ozkan, Altan, Kerry Kinney, Lynn Katz, and Halil Berberoglu. "Novel Algae Biofilm Photobioreactor for Reduced Energy and Water Usage." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39621.

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This paper reports the design and performance of a novel photobioreactor that decreases the water requirements of algae cultivation and energy requirements of harvesting and downstream processing for biofuel production compared to conventional technologies. The photobioreactor cultivates algae as a biofilm, immobilized on carbonated concrete surface. In this study the well known lipid producer Botryococcus braunii was used. The nutrient solution was flown over the surface to enhance the mass transfer of nutrients in and metabolites out of the algae biofilm. The prototype featured a footprint area of 0.275 m2 and has been operated for 35 days. The algae concentration in the photobioreactor reached 30.73 kg/m3 with a maximum total lipid content of 12.3% by dry weight. The water requirement for cultivation was reduced up to by about 41.58 times and energy required for nutrient delivery was estimated to be reduced by about 230 times with respect to raceway ponds.
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Calinescu, Ioan, Alin Vintila, Aurel Diacon, Mircea Vinatoru, Ana Maria Galan, and Sanda Velea. "GROWTH OF NANNOCHLORIS ALGAE IN THE PRESENCE OF MICROWAVES (CONTINUOUS REACTOR)." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9820.

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Algae are very effective in capturing the sun's energy, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and nutrients to turn them into useful substances (carbohydrates, oils, proteins, etc.). Besides the main metabolites, there are also secondary metabolites, such as carotenoids (astaxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and canthaxanthin [1]). Both major and compounds existing in small amounts in algae are useful. Oils and carbohydrates could provide biofuels, proteins can get products with nutritional value and from carotenoids can be prepared food supplements. Obtaining biofuel from algae has not yet proved to be economically viable [2, 3]. A much higher interest might be getting food supplements from algae. To increase their value as ingredients for food supplements, algal oils should have a higher degree of unsaturation (rich in omega 3) and an increased carotenoid content to be an important additional benefit in over all processing of algae. There are studies that refer to the influence of environmental factors on algae composition [2], but the microwave influence on algae growth, especially algal metabolites composition change is very poor studied. In this paper, besides the experiments for the activation of algal growth in discontinuous reactors [4] additional work was conducted in a continuous photobioreactor. The goal was checking not only the growth of microalgae but also their content in polyunsaturated oil and in carotenoids. By microwave-controlled irradiation of the nutrient and algae flux, which is recirculated through the photobioreactor and through a glass reactor located in a TE-type monomod cavity, the lipid content of the algae increased, but only, the modification of the lipid fraction content was significantly increased in the concentration of polyunsaturated acids with 16 and 18 carbon atoms. As far as carotenoids are concerned, the algae nannochloris has a higher carotenoid content over many known vegetables holding carotene or lycopene (carrots or tomatoes). Besides oil increasing microwave treatment produced a significant increase in carotenoid content of algae. They can be extracted together with omega-3-rich algal oil and are the basis of very valuable dietary supplements.
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Hayakawa, K., N. Suzuki, K. Kitamura, K. Bekki, J. Nakano, M. Yoshita, A. Toriba, T. Kameda, and N. Tang. "Toxic effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites on fish bone metabolism." In WATER POLLUTION 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp100201.

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Freeman, Eric, Lisa Mauck Weiland, and Ryan Soncini. "Water Purification Through Selective Transport." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5062.

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Accumulation of inorganic nitrates and phosphates in regions such as the Mississippi river basin has resulted in catastrophic growth of algal blooms. These algal blooms deplete the surrounding oxygen and asphyxiate nearby aquatic life, resulting in large regions incapable of sustaining life. Using biomimicry principles to design a tailored active material to selectively transport these pollutants may offer a strategy to restore these dead zones to health. Theoretically a combination of selected protein transporters may be employed to create a selective sponge to reclaim these nitrates and phosphates. Presented is a feasibility study of various configurations of transporters, and a unique solution for restoring the aquatic ecosystem back to health.
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Lemmens, Bert, Chris Dotremont, and Sandra Van Roy. "Water Recycling And Harvesting Of Algal Biomass By Membrane Filtration." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.eeop0197.

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Kalibbala, H. M., E. Plaza, O. Wahlberg, and R. Kaggwa. "Pre-Treatment of Algal-Laden Water using Volcanic Ash in a Dual Media Filtration System." In Water Resource Management. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2010.686-058.

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Boddula, Vinay, Lakshmish Ramaswamy, Reshma Pasumarthi, and Deepak Mishra. "Data Driven Analysis of Algal Bloom Activity for Effective Water Sustainability." In 2016 IEEE International Conferences on Big Data and Cloud Computing (BDCloud), Social Computing and Networking (SocialCom), Sustainable Computing and Communications (SustainCom) (BDCloud-SocialCom-SustainCom). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bdcloud-socialcom-sustaincom.2016.69.

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Wang, H., Y. y. Zhou, and X. Wang. "Algal growth simulation post water regulation in a river-connected lake." In 2015 International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-15.2015.194.

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Reports on the topic "Algal metabolites in water"

1

Neal, Justin N., Enid J. Sullivan, Cynthia A. Dean, and Seth A. Steichen. Recycling produced water for algal cultivation for biofuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1048383.

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Sun, Amy Cha-Tien, and Marissa Devan Reno. Production of algal-based biofuel using non-fresh water sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920114.

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Owens, J. E., A. K. Vu, and B. K. Esser. California GAMA Special Study: Analysis of Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine and Metabolites as Wastewater Tracers in Water Resource Studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119929.

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Frank, Edward, Ambica K. Pegallapati, Ryan Davis, Jennifer Markham, Andre Coleman, Sue Jones, Mark S. Wigmosta, and Yunhua Zhu. Life-cycle analysis of energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption in the 2016 MYPP algal biofuel scenarios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1281137.

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Johansen, Richard, Molly Reif, Erich Emery, Jakub Nowosad, Richard Beck, Min Xu, and Hongxing Liu. waterquality : an open-source R package for the detection and quantification of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms and water quality. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/35053.

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Donat, John R., and David J. Burdige. Interactions Among Ligand Production, Chemical Complexation and Speciation, Algal Accumulation, and Sediment-Water Cycling of Toxic Metals in a Major US Naval Harbor (Elizabeth River, VA). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628178.

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Khasaeva, Fatima, Igor Parshikov, and Evgeny Zaraisky. Degradation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine by Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. Intellectual Archive, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2463.

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Degradation of pyridines in waste water is an important issue for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The biodegradation of 2,6-dimethylpyridine was investigated by the bacterium Arthrobacter crystallopoietes KM-4, which resulted in the formation of three metabolites: 2,6-dimethylpyridin-3-ol, 2,6-dimethylpyridin- 3,4-diol, and 2,4-dioxopentanoic acid.
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Pesticides and their metabolites in selected surface-water public supplies in New York State, 1999. US Geological Survey, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri004119.

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Water-quality and algal conditions in the Clackamas River basin, Oregon, and their relations to land and water management. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri024189.

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Pesticides and their metabolites in three small public water-supply reservoir systems, western New York, 1998–99. US Geological Survey, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri994278.

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