Relevant bibliographies by topics / Algal production

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Algal production'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Algal production"

1

Craggs, R. J., S. Heubeck, T. J. Lundquist, and J. R. Benemann. "Algal biofuels from wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 4 (February 1, 2011): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.100.

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This paper examines the potential of algae biofuel production in conjunction with wastewater treatment. Current technology for algal wastewater treatment uses facultative ponds, however, these ponds have low productivity (∼10 tonnes/ha.y), are not amenable to cultivating single algal species, require chemical flocculation or other expensive processes for algal harvest, and do not provide consistent nutrient removal. Shallow, paddlewheel-mixed high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) have much higher productivities (∼30 tonnes/ha.y) and promote bioflocculation settling which may provide low-cost algal harvest. Moreover, HRAP algae are carbon-limited and daytime addition of CO2 has, under suitable climatic conditions, the potential to double production (to ∼60 tonnes/ha.y), improve bioflocculation algal harvest, and enhance wastewater nutrient removal. Algae biofuels (e.g. biogas, ethanol, biodiesel and crude bio-oil), could be produced from the algae harvested from wastewater HRAPs, The wastewater treatment function would cover the capital and operation costs of algal production, with biofuel and recovered nutrient fertilizer being by-products. Greenhouse gas abatement results from both the production of the biofuels and the savings in energy consumption compared to electromechanical treatment processes. However, to achieve these benefits, further research is required, particularly the large-scale demonstration of wastewater treatment HRAP algal production and harvest.
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Koçer, Anıl Tevfik, and Didem Özçimen. "Investigation of the biogas production potential from algal wastes." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 11 (September 25, 2018): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18798447.

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In recent years, researchers focused their attention on biogas production more than ever to meet the energy demand. Especially, biogas obtained from algal wastes has become a trending research area owing to the high content of volatile solids in algae. The main purpose of this study is to determine the biogas production potential from algal wastes and examine the effect of temperature and particle size parameters on biogas yield. A comparison was made between the biogas production potential of microalgal wastes, obtained after oil extraction, and macroalgal wastes collected from coastal areas. It was found that algal biogas yield is directly proportional to temperature and inversely proportional to particle size. Optimal conditions for biogas production from algal wastes were determined as the temperature of 55 °C, a particle size of 200 μm, a residence time of 30 days and an alga–inoculum ratio of 1:4 (w:w). Highest biogas yield obtained under these conditions was found as 342.59 cm3 CH4 g−1 VS with Ulva lactuca. Under thermophilic conditions, both micro- and macroalgal biogas yields were comparable. It can be concluded that algal biomass is a good source for biogas production, although further research is needed to increase biogas yield and quality.
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Reis, Marcello, Maria Elisa Marciano Martinez, and Alexandre Guimarães Vasconcellos. "PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ALGAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION." Journal of Mechatronics Engineering 4, no. 2 (September 21, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21439/jme.v4i2.97.

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This article aims to carry out an initial patent mapping of algal biodiesel. The production of algal biodiesel is one of the forms of third generation biodiesel; it is an environmentally friendly alternative energy whose main advantage is that it does not compete with food, as the algal biodiesel is produced from synthesized lipids by algae in growth using sunlight. The methodology used was the patent mapping by activity having as search criteria: the Espacenet database (“worldwide”); and, the keyword: biodiesel and algae and algal biodiesel. It was observed that about 80% of the family of patent documents referring to this technology were applied between 2007 and 2016 and that these documents were published mainly in China (34% of patent documents), followed by the United States (25% of patent documents) and thirdly, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WO), that is, the PCT's international patent application, which indicates an interest in protection in several countries (15% of patent documents). Concluding that China and the United States are the countries that invest the most in the development and protection of technologies related to the production of algal biodiesel, however, the interest in protection goes beyond these countries, since the interest in alternative energies is worldwide.
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Bošnjaković, Mladen, and Nazaruddin Sinaga. "The Perspective of Large-Scale Production of Algae Biodiesel." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 8181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228181.

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We have had high expectations for using algae biodiesel for many years, but the quantities of biodiesel currently produced from algae are tiny compared to the quantities of conventional diesel oil. Furthermore, no comprehensive analysis of the impact of all factors on the market production of algal biodiesel has been made so far. This paper aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with algal biodiesel, to evaluate its production prospects for the biofuels market. The results of the analysis show that it is possible to increase the efficiency of algae biomass production further. However, because the production of this biodiesel is an energy-intensive process, the price of biodiesel is high. Opportunities for more economical production of algal biodiesel are seen in integration with other processes, such as wastewater treatment, but this does not ensure large-scale production. The impact of state policies and laws is significant in the future of algal biodiesel production. With increasingly stringent environmental requirements, electric cars are a significant threat to biodiesel production. By considering all the influencing factors, it is not expected that algal biodiesel will gain an essential place in the fuel market.
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Park, J. B. K., and R. J. Craggs. "Wastewater treatment and algal production in high rate algal ponds with carbon dioxide addition." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 3 (February 1, 2010): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.951.

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High rate algal ponds (HRAPs) provide improved wastewater treatment over conventional wastewater stabilisation ponds; however, algal production and recovery of wastewater nutrients as algal biomass is limited by the low carbon:nitrogen ratio of wastewater. This paper investigates the influence of CO2 addition (to augment daytime carbon availability) on wastewater treatment performance and algal production of two pilot-scale HRAPs operated with different hydraulic retention times (4 and 8 days) over a New Zealand Summer (November–March, 07/08). Weekly measurements were made of influent and effluent flow rate and water qualities, algal and bacterial biomass production, and the percentage of algae biomass harvested in gravity settling units. This research shows that the wastewater treatment HRAPs with CO2 addition achieved a mean algal productivity of 16.7 g/m2/d for the HRAP4d (4 d HRT, maximum algae productivity of 24.7 g/m2/d measured in January 08) and 9.0 g/m2/d for the HRAP8d (8 d HRT)). Algae biomass produced in the HRAPs was efficiently harvested by simple gravity settling units (mean harvested algal productivity: 11.5 g/m2/d for the HRAP4d and 7.5 g/m2/d for the HRAP8d respectively). Higher bacterial composition and the larger size of algal/bacterial flocs of the HRAP8d biomass increased harvestability (83%) compared to that of HRAP4d biomass (69%).
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Park, J. B. K., and R. J. Craggs. "Effect of algal recycling rate on the performance of Pediastrum boryanum dominated wastewater treatment high rate algal pond." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 8 (August 23, 2014): 1299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.369.

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Recycling a portion of gravity harvested algae promoted the dominance of a rapidly settling colonial alga, Pediastrum boryanum (P. boryanum) and improved both biomass productivity and settleability in High Rate Algal Pond (HRAP) treating domestic wastewater. The effect of algal recycling rate on HRAP performance was investigated using 12 replicate mesocosms (18 L) that were operated semi-continuously under ambient conditions. Three experiments were conducted during different seasons with each experiment lasting up to 36 days. Recycling 10%, 25%, and 50% of the ‘mass’ of daily algal production all increased total biomass concentration in the mesocosms. However, recycling >10% reduced the organic content (volatile suspended solids (VSS)) of the mesocosm biomass from 83% to 68% and did not further increase biomass productivity (based on VSS). This indicates that if a HRAP is operated with a low algal concentration and does not utilise all the available sunlight, algal recycling increases the algal concentration up to an optimum level, resulting in higher algal biomass productivity. Recycling 10% of the daily algal production not only increased biomass productivity by ∼40%, but increased biomass settleability by ∼25%, which was probably a consequence of the ∼30% increase in P. boryanum dominance in the mesocosms compared with controls without recycling.
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Jian, Hou, Yang Jing, and Zhang Peidong. "Life Cycle Analysis on Fossil Energy Ratio of Algal Biodiesel: Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency and Oil Extraction Technology." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/920968.

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely used to analyze various pathways of biofuel preparation from “cradle to grave.” Effects of nitrogen supply for algae cultivation and technology of algal oil extraction on life cycle fossil energy ratio of biodiesel are assessed in this study. Life cycle fossil energy ratio ofChlorella vulgarisbased biodiesel is improved by growing algae under nitrogen-limited conditions, while the life cycle fossil energy ratio of biodiesel production fromPhaeodactylum tricornutumgrown with nitrogen deprivation decreases. Compared to extraction of oil from dried algae, extraction of lipid from wet algae with subcritical cosolvents achieves a 43.83% improvement in fossil energy ratio of algal biodiesel when oilcake drying is not considered. The outcome for sensitivity analysis indicates that the algal oil conversion rate and energy content of algae are found to have the greatest effects on the LCA results of algal biodiesel production, followed by utilization ratio of algal residue, energy demand for algae drying, capacity of water mixing, and productivity of algae.
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Evans, Marlene S., Richard D. Robarts, and Michael T. Arts. "Predicted versus actual determinations of algal production, algal biomass, and zooplankton biomass in a hypereutrophic, hyposaline prairie lake." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 1037–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-102.

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We compared the accuracy of various regression models in predicting algal production, algal biomass and composition, and zooplankton biomass in a hypereutrophic, hyposaline prairie lake. The total phosphorus (TP) models investigated underestimated mean summer algal biomass and inedible biomass: the models overestimated mean summer edible algae biomass and annual primary production in the euphotic zone. Differences between predicted and actual biomass values are attributed to intense zooplankton grazing on the edible algal community and to the gradual accumulation of slow-growing, inedible algae. The TP model investigated provided an accurate prediction of zooplankton biomass. The algal biomass model overestimated zooplankton biomass, possibly because edible algae accounted for a very small fraction of algal biomass in Humboldt Lake during the ice-free season. The chlorophyll model investigated underestimated zooplankton biomass, apparently because Humboldt Lake algae have a relatively low chlorophyll content. The use of a 0.01 conversion factor to estimate algal biomass on the basis of chlorophyll appears to be inadequate and requires further study. There was no evidence that hyposaline Humboldt Lake has a relatively high zooplankton to phytoplankton biomass ratio when compared with freshwater lakes.
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Czerwik-Marcinkowska, Joanna, Katarzyna Gałczyńska, Jerzy Oszczudłowski, Andrzej Massalski, Jacek Semaniak, and Michał Arabski. "Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of the Aerophytic Cave Alga Coccomyxa subglobosa as a Source for Biodiesel Production." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 6494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246494.

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The microscopic alga Coccomyxa subglobosa, collected from the Głowoniowa Nyża Cave (Tatra Mountains, Poland), is a source of fatty acids (FAs) that could be used for biodiesel production. FAs from subaerial algae have unlimited availability because of the ubiquity of algae in nature. Algal culture was carried out under laboratory conditions and algal biomass was measured during growth phase, resulting in 5 g of dry weight (32% oil). The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile was analyzed by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The presence of lipids and chloroplasts in C. subglobosa was demonstrated using GC–MS and confocal laser microscopy. Naturally occurring FAMEs contained C12–C24 compounds, and methyl palmitate (28.5%) and methyl stearate (45%) were the predominant lipid species. Aerophytic algae could be an important component of biodiesel production, as they are omnipresent and environmentally friendly, contain more methyl esters than seaweed, and can be easily produced on a large scale.
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Shurin, Jonathan B., Michael D. Burkart, Stephen P. Mayfield, and Val H. Smith. "Recent progress and future challenges in algal biofuel production." F1000Research 5 (October 4, 2016): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9217.1.

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Modern society is fueled by fossil energy produced millions of years ago by photosynthetic organisms. Cultivating contemporary photosynthetic producers to generate energy and capture carbon from the atmosphere is one potential approach to sustaining society without disrupting the climate. Algae, photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms, are the fastest growing primary producers in the world and can therefore produce more energy with less land, water, and nutrients than terrestrial plant crops. We review recent progress and challenges in developing bioenergy technology based on algae. A variety of high-value products in addition to biofuels can be harvested from algal biomass, and these may be key to developing algal biotechnology and realizing the commercial potential of these organisms. Aspects of algal biology that differentiate them from plants demand an integrative approach based on genetics, cell biology, ecology, and evolution. We call for a systems approach to research on algal biotechnology rooted in understanding their biology, from the level of genes to ecosystems, and integrating perspectives from physical, chemical, and social sciences to solve one of the most critical outstanding technological problems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Algal production"

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Lizzul, A. M. "Integrated production of algal biomass." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1474169/.

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Applied research is increasingly defined within a context of sustainability and ecological modernisation. Within this remit, recent developments in algal biotechnology are considered to hold particular promise in integrating aspects of bioremediation and bioproduction. However, there are still a number of engineering and biological bottlenecks related to large scale production of algae; including requirements to reduce both capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). One potential avenue to reduce these costs is via feedstock substitution and resource sharing; often described as industrial symbiosis. Such an approach has the benefit of providing both environmental and economic benefits as part of an 'eco-biorefinery'. This thesis set out to investigate and address how best to approach some of the cost related bottlenecks within the algal industry, through a process of industrial integration and novel system design. The doctorate focussed on applications within a Northern European context and was split into four research topics. The first and second parts identified a suitable algal strain and were followed by the characterisation of its growth on wastewater; with the findings showing Chlorella sorokiniana (UTEX1230) capable of robust growth and rapid inorganic nutrient removal. The third part detailed the design, construction and validation of a lower cost and fully scalable modular airlift (ALR) photobioreactor, suitable amongst other applications for use within wastewater treatment. This work concluded with a pilot scale deployment of a 50 L ALR system. The fourth research section detailed the costs of ALR construction and operation at a wastewater treatment works, with a particular focus on the benefits that can be derived by industrial symbiosis. The thesis concludes with an appraisal of the ALR design and considers the potential for the technology, particularly within a wastewater treatment role. A final consideration is given to the practicalities of developing the algal industry within the UK in the short to medium term.
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Hiatt, Michael John. "Synergetic Algal Infrastructure: Investigating the Benefits of Algae Production in an Airport Environment." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366241697.

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Moore, Sarah Elizabeth. "Production of Algal Concentrate for Mollusk Feed." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321883.

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Sherman, Jennifer Ramin. "Production of Algal Concentrate for Mollusk Feed." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321956.

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Traeger, Jeremiah Clemens. "Production of Algal Concentrate for Mollusk Feed." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/322077.

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Veach, Rebecca Suzanne. "Production of Algal Concentrate for Mollusk Feed." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/322080.

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Mokebo, Kirsty R. "Ultrahigh productivity photobioreactors for algal biofuel production." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589640.

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Algal biodiesel is a biodegradable and sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum fuels. Algal biodiesel is synthesised from algal lipids via transesterification and has many desirable physical properties for fuel use. Current photobioreactors are inefficient. This thesis looks to increase efficiency and reduce energetic running costs. This was undertaken by the design, construction and trialling of an LED photobioreactor. The controlled growth of the algae, specifically Chlorella emersonii, using pulsed monochromatic or bi-chromatic light conditions with comparison to continuous white light to improve light economy is explored in this thesis. The prediction of biodiesel profile from the growth conditions is also investigated for Chlorella emersonii. Chapter 1 is a general introduction to the area of algal biodiesel. This introductory chapter reviews the current literature regarding microalgae growth conditions and control, processing microalgae to produce biodiesel and photobioreactor designs for the controlled growth of algae. The known effects of different light sources and types on algal growth are also reviewed. Chapter 2 concerns the pulsing-LED vertical airlift photobioreactor design, construction and testing, including an overview of the system constructed and the process of design to combat specific issues. Results from the testing of the photobioreactor are reported in this chapter which include analysis of the resultant fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile of algae grown under various pulsed mono-chromatic and bi-chromatic light conditions and the comparison to continuous white light. This chapter draws together the hypotheses and stand-alone observations reported in the current literature allowing direct comparisons for different light conditions and conclusions to be reported which include the effect on resultant FAME profile and not just lipid percentage. Chapter 3 explores the effect of environmental factors on the fatty acid methyl ester composition of the algal biodiesel. This chapter describes the effect of carbon dioxide, nitrate, phosphate and iron levels, length of culture and the effect of supplementary carbon sources on Chlorella emersonii growth and resultant FAME composition. The result of synergetic effects of nutrient levels and length of algal cultivation are analysed in addition to the stage of algal growth and its impact on FAME profile. Chapter 4 details the procedures used for the growth of algae, the production of the algal biodiesel and the development of techniques used for analysis of the resultant biodiesel. The techniques and conditions employed for the growth of the algae as well as the extraction and transesterification of the algal lipids are explained.
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Johnson, Michael Ben. "Microalgal Biodiesel Production through a Novel Attached Culture System and Conversion Parameters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32034.

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Due to a number of factors, the biodiesel industry in the United States is surging in growth. Traditionally, oil seed crops such as soybean are used as the feedstock to create biodiesel. However, the crop production can no longer safely keep up with the demand for the growing biodiesel industry. Using algae as a feedstock has been considered for a number of years, but it has always had limitations. These limitations were mainly due to the production methods used to grow and harvest the algae, rather than the reaction methods of creating the biodiesel, which are the same as when using traditional crops. Algae is a promising alternative to other crops for a number of reasons: it can be grown on non arable land, is not a food crop, and produces much more oil than other crops. In this project, we propose a novel attached growth method to produce the algae while recycling dairy farm wastewater using the microalga Chlorella sp. The first part of the study provided a feasibility study as the attachment of the alga onto the supporting substrate as well as determining the pretreatment options necessary for the alga to grow on wastewater. The results showed that wastewater filtered through cheesecloth to remove large particles was feasible for production of Chlorella sp, with pure wastewater producing the highest biomass yield. Most importantly, the attached culture system largely exceeded suspended culture systems as a potentially feasible and practical method to produce microalgae. The algae grew quickly and were able to produce more than 3.2 g/m2-day with lipid contents of about 9% dry weight, while treating dairy farm wastewater and removing upwards of 90% of the total phosphorus and 79% of the nitrogen contained within the wastewater. Once the â proof-of-conceptâ work was completed, we investigated the effects of repeat harvests and intervals on the biomass and lipid production of the microalgae. The alga, once established, was harvested every 6, 10, or 15 days, with the remaining algae on the substrate material functioning as inoculums for repeated growth. Using this method, a single alga colony produced biomass and lipids for well over six months time in a laboratory setting. The second part of this study investigated another aspect of biodiesel production from algae. Rather than focus solely on biomass production, we looked into biodiesel creation methods as well. Biodiesel is created through a chemical reaction known as transesterification, alcoholysis, or commonly, methylation, when methanol is the alcohol used. There are several different transesterification methods. By simplifying the reaction conditions and examining the effects in terms of maximum fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) produced, we were able to determine that a direct transesterification with chloroform solvent was more effective than the traditional extraction-transesterification method first popularized by Bligh & Dyer in 1959 and widely used. This synergistic research helps to create a more complete picture of where algal biodiesel research and development is going in the future.
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Al, Hoqani U. H. A. "Metabolic engineering of the algal chloroplast for terpenoid production." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1564823/.

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Microalgal biotechnology has attracted considerable interest owing to it is potential to provide renewable energy and its capacity to produce molecules such as pigments, fatty acids and other high value compounds, which can be used in the biomaterials, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. One class of compounds are the terpenoids: a diverse group of molecules derived from C5 isoprene units that are exploited for their aromatic and bioactive properties. Terpenoid production in microalgae offers an alternative to extraction from plant species or chemical synthesis. However, metabolic engineering technology for microalgae is still in its infancy and far from economic viability. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop engineering tools for the industrial algal species Nannochloropsis gaditana, with the goal of manipulating the main terpenoid pathway located in the chloroplast. In parallel, the effects of such manipulation was studied using the laboratory species Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, for which chloroplast genetic engineering is already established. N. gaditana is a robust marine species well suited to industrial scale cultivation. The availability of a draft genomic sequence, nuclear transformation methodology and a high lipid productivity have positioned N. gaditana as a promising oleaginous alga for metabolic engineering. However, to develop it as an industrially relevant platform, further molecular tools are needed; in particular a reliable chloroplast transformation method. Thus, the aim of the first project was to develop chloroplast transformation for the alga. This involved optimizing the cultivation conditions for N. gaditana, evaluating its sensitivity to herbicides and chloroplast specific compounds in order to identify suitable selectable markers, and to construct chloroplast transformation vectors. In addition, the temporary increase in cell size by inhibition of cytokinesis was investigated in order to facilitate the delivery of DNA into the small chloroplast. C. reinhardtii is the most developed algal model with well-established tools for genetic manipulation, and can be used to study the effect of chloroplast metabolic engineering in other species such as Nannochloropsis. Thus, the second project focused on the manipulation of the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway: specifically, the chloroplast-localized methylerythritol phosphate pathway by over-expressing the rate limiting enzyme; 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS). An additional dxs gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 was introduced into the chloroplast genome in the hope of improving the productivity of downstream terpenoid metabolites. A number of transgenic lines were obtained and the successful integration was confirmed by molecular analysis. The effects of up-regulating DXS enzyme activity on overall algal growth and terpenoid profile are studied.
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Woolsey, Paul A. "Rotating Algal Biofilm Reactors: Mathematical Modeling and Lipid Production." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1107.

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Harvesting of algal biomass presents a large barrier to the success of biofuels made from algae feedstock. Small cell sizes coupled with dilute concentrations of biomass in lagoon systems make separation an expensive and energy intense-process. The rotating algal biofilm reactor (RABR) has been developed at USU to provide a sustainable technology solution to this issue. Algae cells grown as a biofilm are concentrated in one location for ease of harvesting of high density biomass. A mathematical model of this biofilm system was developed based on data generated from three pilot scale reactors at the City of Logan, Utah wastewater reclamation plant. The data were fit using nonlinear regression to a modified logistic growth equation. The logistic growth equation was used to estimate nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the system, and to find the best harvesting time for the reactors. These values were extrapolated to determine yields of methane and biodiesel from algae biomass that could be used to provide energy to the City of Logan if these reactors were implemented at full scale. For transesterification into biodiesel, algae need to have high lipid content. Algae biofilms have been relatively unexplored in terms of cell lipid composition accumulation and changes with regard to environmental stressors. Results indicated that biofilm biomass was largely unaffected by nutrient stresses. Neither nitrogen limitation nor excess inorganic carbon triggered a significant change in lipid content. Biofilm algae grown with indoor lighting produced an average of 4.2% lipid content by dry weight. Biofilm algae gown outdoors yielded an average of 6.2% lipid content by dry weight.
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Books on the topic "Algal production"

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Palanisamy, V. A guide on the production of algal culture for use in shrimp hatcheries. [Kuala Lumpur]: Dept. of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia, 1991.

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National Hydrology Research Institute (Canada). Phosphorus control of Algal production and Biomass in the Thompson River, British Columbia. Ottawa: Environment Canada, 1989.

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Bothwell, Max L. Phosphorus control of algal production and biomass in the Thompson River, British Columbia. Saskatoon, Sask: National Hydrology Research Centre, 1989.

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Garber, Jonathan H. Impact of estuarine benthic algal production on dissolved nutrients and water quality in the Yaquina River Estuary, Oregon. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Research Institute, 1992.

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Lohrenz, Steven E. Primary production of particulate protien amino acids: Algal protein metabolism and its relationship to the composition of particulate organic matter. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1985.

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McHugh, D. J. Seaweed production and markets. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Fishery Industries Division, 1996.

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International Symposium on the Production and Use of Micro-Algae Biomass (2nd 1980 Trujillo, Peru). Production and use of microalgae. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1985.

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Coppen, J. J. W. Agar and alginate production from seaweed in India. Madras: Bay of Bengal Programme, 1991.

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J, Sullivan Michael. Primary production dynamics of epiphytic algae in Mississippi seagrass beds. [Ocean Springs, Miss.]: Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, 1991.

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(Firm), TRACTEBEL. Marque d'intérêt à participer à un project de production de la spiruline. Senegal?]: TRACTEBEL, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Algal production"

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Vuorijoki, Linda, Pauli Kallio, and Patrik R. Jones. "Engineering Photobiological H2-Production." In Algal Biorefineries, 203–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7494-0_8.

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Phillips, Enosh. "Algal Butanol Production." In Clean Energy Production Technologies, 33–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9607-7_2.

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Hong, Seong-Joo, and Choul-Gyun Lee. "Microalgal Systems Biology for Biofuel Production." In Algal Biorefineries, 3–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20200-6_1.

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Mishra, Vishal, Akhilesh Dubey, and Sanjeev Kumar Prajapti. "Algal Biomass Pretreatment for Improved Biofuel Production." In Algal Biofuels, 259–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51010-1_13.

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Kumari, Sheena, Mahmoud Nasr, and Santhosh Kumar. "Technological Advances in Biohydrogen Production from Microalgae." In Algal Biofuels, 347–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51010-1_17.

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Varejão, Jorge M. T. B., and Raphaela Nazaré. "Chapter 6: Ethanol Production from Macroalgae Biomass." In Algal Biofuels, 189–200. 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152547-7.

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Patel, Vikas Kumar, Narendra Kumar Sahoo, Akash Kumar Patel, Prasant Kumar Rout, Satya Narayan Naik, and Alok Kalra. "Exploring Microalgae Consortia for Biomass Production: A Synthetic Ecological Engineering Approach Towards Sustainable Production of Biofuel Feedstock." In Algal Biofuels, 109–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51010-1_6.

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Mathur, Megha, Arghya Bhattacharya, and Anushree Malik. "Advancements in Algal Harvesting Techniques for Biofuel Production." In Algal Biofuels, 227–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51010-1_11.

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Bassi, Amarjeet, Priyanka Saxena, and Ana-Maria Aguirre. "Mixotrophic Algae Cultivation for Energy Production and Other Applications." In Algal Biorefineries, 177–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7494-0_7.

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Shukla, Sudheer Kumar, Joseph V. Thanikal, Latifa Haouech, Sanjay Govind Patil, and Vivek Kumar. "Critical Evaluation of Algal Biofuel Production Processes Using Wastewater." In Algal Biofuels, 189–225. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51010-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Algal production"

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Beal, Colin M., Colin H. Smith, Michael E. Webber, and Rodney S. Ruoff. "A Framework to Report the Production of Biodiesel From Algae." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90075.

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Recently, algae have received a significant amount of attention as a potential feedstock for alternative fuels. Although multiple fuels have been proposed that would use algae as a feedstock, the most commonly explored algae-based alternative fuel is biodiesel. There are several coarse estimates that quantify the potential of algae as a feedstock for biodiesel. Some of these analyses have not incorporated specific values of algal lipid content and did not include processing inefficiencies. For example, in some analyses, specificity to the algal species and growth conditions is not provided, thereby introducing the opportunity for error. In addition, all necessary processing steps required for biodiesel production and their associated energy, materials, and costs might not be included. The accuracy associated with these estimates can be improved by using data that are more specific, including all relevant information for biodiesel production, and by presenting information with more relevant metrics. In order to determine whether algae are a viable source for biodiesel, two questions must be answered: 1) how much biodiesel can be produced from algae, and 2) what is the cost of production? To accurately answer these questions, we propose a framework for characterizing biodiesel production from algae. The framework focuses on three main principles. The first principle is the need for results to be presented in strong metrics. The strength of a metric is dependent upon the amount of information that it represents. The second principle in the proposed framework is that we suggest that researchers leave unknown information in symbolic form in order to present results in strong metrics. Presenting results in this manner ensures that results are not taken out of context; enables primary research results to be incorporated in systems-level analyses; and specifically identifies the areas where additional research is needed. The third principle is that results should be specific (to algal species, growth conditions, and product composition) and include as much information relevant to the entire biodiesel production pathway as possible, particularly including information for the energy, materials, and cost balances. To illustrate the application of the proposed framework, several examples of strong reporting metrics are presented. In addition, the presentation of unknowns in symbolic notation, and the associated benefit, is demonstrated. Finally, the limitations of several non-specific and non-inclusive reporting metrics are presented to highlight the necessity for consistent results regarding the potential for algae as a biodiesel feedstock.
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Wogan, David M., Alexandre K. da Silva, and Michael Webber. "Assessing the Potential for Algal Biofuels Production in Texas." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90235.

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This paper describes a unique analytical model created to assess the maximum potential for algae production in Texas. The model, which merges engineering, biology and geosciences into a singular analysis, aims to identify suitable growth locations and estimate the quantity of algae-based oils that can be potentially produced in Texas. The model incorporates geographically- and temporally-resolved data on sunlight, anthropogenic CO2 emissions, and saline or brackish water availability. These data are then overlaid with first-order biological approximations for algae growth calculations in order to create maps of algae growth potential. Solar insolation data were obtained from measurement locations throughout the state for varying time scales spanning many years from the Texas Solar Radiation Database (TSRDB). CO2 emissions were compiled from area and point sources (such as natural gas and coal-fired power plants) from the Energy Information Administration and Environmental Protection Agency. Water data for wastewater treatment plants and saline aquifers were obtained from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality and the Texas Water Development Board. A home-built MATLAB code uses these data, along with engineering approximations and the ability to manipulate different assumptions to calculate algae growth by location and time period. For each location, the model calculates potential oil yield, biomass produced, growth rates, water and CO2 consumed and land used. Standard pond and tubular photobioreactor dimensions have been used to model real world production facilities. Realistic limits for growth rates, photosynthetic efficiencies, photosynthetic flux tolerances and oil content are also incorporated. These parameters can be varied to approximate different algae strains and growth conditions. The model assumes reactors to have ideal mixing, optimal pH and temperature controls in place. This preliminary resource assessment estimates that Texas receives an average of 375 W/m2 annually, produces 409 million tons per year of CO2 from the industrial and electrical power sectors and has approximately 1.4 trillion gallons per year of available water on a sustainable basis. The computational model estimates that between 44 and 167 million tons of algal biomass and 3.1 to 12 billion gallons of lipids can be produced annually in Texas based on the combination and availability of these resources.
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Xu, Ben, Peiwen Li, and Peter Waller. "Optimization of the Flow Field of a Novel ARID Raceway (ARID-HV) for Algal Production." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18003.

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This paper addresses issues of flow field optimization for a water raceway which is used to grow algae for biofuels. An open channel raceway is the typical facility to grow algae in medium to large scales. The algae growth rate in a raceway is affected by conditions of temperature, nutrients, and sunlight intensity etc. These conditions are essentially associated with the fluid mixing in the flow field. Good flow mixing at low consumption of pumping power for the water flow is desirable for an economic algal growth facility. A novel design of an open channel raceway for medium- and large-scale algae growth field has been proposed by the authors previously, which is called High Velocity Algae Raceway Integrated Design (ARID-HV). Optimization analysis using CFD and experimental visualization has been applied to a table-sized ARID-HV test model with various geometries of dams and their spacing in the system. CFD results and flow visualization allow us to understand the flow mixing in the entire raceway. Data is also processed to show the statistics of the locations of ‘fluid particles’ at different height and time period during one flow path. Different flow field designs were thus compared quantitatively based on this statistics according to the understanding that the “tumbling times” of fluid particles at bottom/top of the water is tightly related to the growth rate of algae.
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Ozkan, Altan, and Halil Berberoglu. "Adhesion of Chlorella vulgaris on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64133.

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This experimental study reports the adhesion rate and adhesion density of Chlorella vulgaris on hydrophilic glass, and hydrophobic indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces at constant shear rate. Cultivation of algae as biofilms offers an energy and water efficient method for algal biofuel production. In order to design algal biofilm cultivation systems, algal adhesion and biofilm formation on substrates with different surface properties must be known. To assess this, a parallel plate flow chamber was used to quantify the adhesion rate of the commonly used algae Chlorella vulgaris to the surfaces under controlled shear rates. The contact angle and zeta potential measurements were made both for the algal cells and the adhesion surfaces to model adhesion. The experimental results were compared with the predictions of the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (DLVO), extended DLVO (XDLVO) theories, and the thermodynamic model. The experiments showed that the rate of adhesion over the hydrophobic surface was 81 cells mm−2min−1 which was 3 times larger than that of the hydrophilic surface for the first forty minutes of the adhesion experiments. Moreover, the final adhesion density over the hydrophobic surface was 6182 mm−2 after an experimental duration of 320 minutes which was 2.7 times that of the hydrophilic surface. Detachment studies done with increased shear rates showed that the adhesion strength of algae was also higher over the hydrophobic surface. The experimental results fit best with the results from the XDLVO theory. However, the model was inaccurate in predicting high detachment rate from the hydrophilic surface with increased shear rates. Results show the importance of surface material selection for the initial adhesion of cells. These results can be used for selection and design of surface materials for optimizing initial adhesion of algae cells in algal biofilm photobioreactors. Furthermore, the results can also be used for the design of planktonic photobioreactors to avoid biofouling.
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Beal, Colin M., Robert E. Hebner, Michael E. Webber, Rodney S. Ruoff, and A. Frank Seibert. "The Energy Return on Investment for Algal Biocrude: Results for a Research Production Facility." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38244.

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This study is an experimental determination of the energy return on investment (EROI) for algal biocrude production at a research facility at the University of Texas at Austin (UT). During the period of this assessment, algae were grown at several cultivation scales and processed using centrifugation for harvesting, electromechanical cell lysing, and lipid separation in an enhanced coalescence membrane. The separated algal lipids represent a biocrude product that could be refined into fuel. To determine the EROI, a second order analysis was conducted, which includes direct and indirect energy flows, but does not consider capital energy expenses. At the time that the data in this study was collected, the research program was focused on improving biomass and lipid productivity. As a result, some higher efficiency processing steps were replaced by lower efficiency ones to permit other experiments. Although the production process evaluated here was energy negative, the majority of the energy consumption resulted from non-optimized growth conditions. Therefore, the experimental results do not represent an expected typical case EROI for algal fuels, but rather outline the important parameters to consider in such an analysis. The results are the first known experimental energy balance for an integrated algal biocrude production facility. A Reduced Case is presented that speculates the energy use for a similar system in commercial-scale production. In addition, an analytical model that is populated with data that have been reported in the literature is presented. For the experiments, the Reduced Case, and Literature Model, the estimated EROI was 1.3 × 10−3, 0.13, and 0.57, respectively (refining energy requirements are not included in the experimental or Reduced Case EROI value). These results were dominated by growth inputs (96.59%, 94.15%, and 76.32% of the total energy requirement, respectively). For the experiments and Literature Model, lipid separation was the most energy intensive processing step (2.47% and 10.06%, respectively), followed by harvesting, refining, and then electromechanical cell lysing.
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Wogan, David M., Michael Webber, and Alexandre K. da Silva. "A Resource-Limited Approach to Estimating Algal Biomass Production With Geographical Fidelity." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90154.

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This paper discusses the potential for algal biofuel production under resource-limited conditions in Texas. Algal biomass and lipid production quantities are estimated using a fully integrated biological and engineering model that incorporates primary resources required for growth, such as carbon dioxide, sunlight and water. The biomass and lipid production are estimated at the county resolution in Texas, which accounts for geographic variation in primary resources from the Eastern half of the state, which has moderate solar resources and abundant water resources, to the Western half of the state, which has abundant solar resources and moderate water resources. Two resource-limited scenarios are analyzed in this paper: the variation in algal biomass production as a function of carbon dioxide concentration and as a function of water availability. The initial carbon dioxide concentration, ranging from low concentrations in ambient air to higher concentrations found in power plant flue gas streams, affects the growth rate and production of algal biomass. The model compares biomass production using carbon dioxide available from flue gas or refinery activities, which are present only in a limited number of counties, with ambient concentrations found in the atmosphere. Biomass production is also estimated first for counties containing terrestrial sources of water such as wastewater and/or saline aquifers, and compared with those with additional water available from the Gulf of Mexico. The results of these analyses are presented on a series of maps depicting algal biomass and lipid production in gallons per year under each of the resource-limited scenarios. Based on the analysis, between 13.9 and 154.1 thousand tons of algal biomass and 1.0 and 11.1 million gallons of lipids can be produced annually.
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Michael B Johnson and Zhiyou Wen. "Production of Oil-Rich Algae from Animal Manure Using Attached Algal Culture Systems." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25125.

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"Evaluation of Algal Biomass Production on Vertical Membranes." In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152136528.

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Savchenko, Oleksandra, Jida Xing, Quanrong Gu, Mohammed Shaheen, Min Huang, Xiaojian Yu, and Jie Chen. "Live demonstration: Mechanical stimulation for increasing algal oil production." In 2015 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2015.7348322.

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Sharma, Rohit, Avanish K. Tiwari, and G. Sanjay Kumar. "Novel modeling paradigm for the algal production of biofuel." In 2013 5th International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmsao.2013.6552697.

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Reports on the topic "Algal production"

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Cooke, William E. Sustainable Algal Energy Production and Environmental Remediation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1348189.

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Hamilton, Cyd E. Exploring the Utilization of Complex Algal Communities to Address Algal Pond Crash and Increase Annual Biomass Production for Algal Biofuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220809.

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Davis, Ryan, and Lieve Laurens. Algal Biomass Production via Open Pond Algae Farm Cultivation: 2019 State of Technology and Future Research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1659896.

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Davis, Ryan, and Bruno Klein. Algal Biomass Production via Open Pond Algae Farm Cultivation: 2020 State of Technology and Future Research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1784890.

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Sun, Amy Cha-Tien, and Marissa Devan Reno. Production of algal-based biofuel using non-fresh water sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920114.

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Davis, Ryan, Jennifer Markham, Christopher Kinchin, Nicholas Grundl, Eric C. D. Tan, and David Humbird. Process Design and Economics for the Production of Algal Biomass: Algal Biomass Production in Open Pond Systems and Processing Through Dewatering for Downstream Conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1239893.

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Lundquist, Tryg, and Ruth Spierling. Final Report: Scale-up of Algal Biofuel Production Using Waste Nutrients. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1475450.

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Lammers, Peter, Mark Seger, Wonkun Park, Thinesh Selvaratnam, John McGowen, Jason Quinn, Michael Somers, et al. A Novel Platform for Algal Biomass Production Using Cellulosic Mixotrophy (CeMix). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798517.

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Robert Weber and Norman Whitton. Recovery Act Production of Algal BioCrude Oil from Cement Plant Carbon Dioxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010966.

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Knipe, J. FWP FEW0223: "Advanced Manufactured Carbonate Materials for Algal Biomass Production: Joint LLNL SNL Program". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769088.

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