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Journal articles on the topic 'Alginic acid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

Heidarieh, Marzieh, Fatemeh Daryalal, Alireza Mirvaghefi, Saeid Rajabifar, Adama Diallo, Mahdi Sadeghi, Farhood Zeiai, et al. "Preparation and anatomical distribution study of 67Ga-alginic acid nanoparticles for SPECT purposes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Nukleonika 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2014-0019.

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Abstract Ergosan contains 1% alginic acid extracted from two brown sea weeds. Little is known about the target organs and anatomical distribution of Ergosan (alginic acid) in fish. Therefore, feasibility of developing alginic acid nanoparticles to detect target organ in rainbow trout is interesting. To make nanoparticles, Ergosan extract (alginic acid) was irradiated at 30 kGy in a cobalt-60 irradiator and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results from TEM images showed that particle sizes of irradiated alginic acid ranged from 30 to 70 nm. The FTIR results indicated that gamma irradiation had no significant influence on the basic structure of alginic acid. Later, alginic acid nanoparticles were successively labelled with 67Ga-gallium chloride. The biodistribution of irradiated Ergosan in normal rainbow trout showed highest uptake in intestine and kidney and then in liver and kidney at 4- and 24-h post injection, respectively. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images also demonstrated target specific binding of the tracer at 4- and 24-h post injection. In conclusion, the feed supplemented with alginic acid nanoparticles enhanced SPECT images of gastrointestinal morphology and immunity system in normal rainbow trout.

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2

Atun, Sri. "CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOPARTICLES PRODUCED BY CHLOROFORM FRACTION OF KAEMPFERIA ROTUNDA RHIZOME LOADED WITH ALGINIC ACID AND CHITOSAN AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY TEST." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.16936.

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Objective: The main objectives of this research are to characterize of nanoparticles produced by chloroform fraction of K. rotunda loaded with alginic acid and combination alginic acid-chitosan, and its biological activity test. Methods: Chloroform fraction of K. rotunda was loaded on alginic acid and combination of alginic acid-chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation method in various compositions. Characterizations of the products were investigated in particle size, zeta potential, and morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The biological activity of the products as an antioxidant was tested by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The cytotoxic effect was analysed using MTT [3-(4,5 dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoilium bromide] assay.Result:The nanoparticles alginic acid can be synthesized at the optimal mass ratio range of alginic acid : CaCl2 of 10 :1 (% w/v),the percentage nanoparticle products was100%, the size range of the nanoparticles were 87 to 584 nm, with a zeta potential of -39.0 mV, and the morphology shows a spherical shape and smooth surface. Furthermore, nanoparticles result from the combination of alginic acid-chitosan at the optimal mass ratio range of alginic acid : chitosan of 10 :1 (% w/v) and added calsium ion at 0.015% w/v, the percentage nanoparticle products was100%, the size range of the nanoparticle were 87 to 877 nm, with a zeta potential of -27.1 mV, and the morphology shows a form of rectangular beam.Conclusion: The nanoparticle products of chloroform fraction of K. rotunda loaded alginic acid and combination alginic acid-chitosan were successfully obtained by ionic gelation method. The nanoparticle products show lower activity in antioxidant and cytotoxic effect against human breast cancer T47D cell lines than the starting material chloroform fraction of K. rotunda.Keywords: Alginic acid, Chitosan, Nanoparticles, Kaempferia rotunda, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic effect, Human breast cancer T47D cell lines.

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3

Saito, Koshi, and Kei-Ichi Miyamato. "Alginic acid and hyaluronic acid, effective stabilizers of carthamin red colour in aqueous solutions." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 63, no. 2 (2014): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1994.025.

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Sodium salts and free forms of two heterosaccharides, alginic and hyaluronic acids were mixed with carthamin in a buffer at pH 5.5 and their preservation effects of carthamin red colour were screened after incubation for 24 h at 3-5<sup>o</sup>C in the dark. The effects observed were (alginic acid/hyaluronic acid, % on average): 69.3/60.3, for which the values are higher by 40.9 and 29.1%, respectively, compared with those of the control which was conducted with no addition of heterosaccharides. Alginic acid is a more promising stabilizer than haluronic acid, indicating that active groups such as hydroxyls, carboxyls and amino groups on the building units of the macromolecules are associated closely with the carthamin red colour preservation. The empirical outcomes are referred to the practical application of carthamin as a colourant of food products.

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4

Mohamad Ismail, Siti Salimah, Chan Chin Han, and Tin Wui Wong. "Solid-State Grafting of Poly(ethylene glycol) onto Alginic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 1060 (December 2014): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1060.180.

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Melt reaction of poly (ethylene glycol) and alginic acid (guluronate-rich and mannuronate-rich) was studied. The poly (ethylene glycol) was end-capped with reactive amino group while the sodium alginate was converted to alginic acid before melt reaction. The melt reaction kinetics of poly (ethylene glycol) and alginic acid were monitored by differential scanning calorimetry. The reaction temperatures were ranged between 75 and 96 °C, below the degradation temperature of both parent polymers. The reactive amino group of poly (ethylene glycol) reacted with carboxyl group of alginic acid. The rate of reaction increased with reaction temperature.

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5

Wan, Jin, Fei Jiang, Qingsong Xu, Daiwen Chen, and Jun He. "Alginic acid oligosaccharide accelerates weaned pig growth through regulating antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal development." RSC Advances 6, no. 90 (2016): 87026–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18135j.

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6

Pavlath, A. E., C. Gossett, W. Camirand, and G. H. Robertson. "Ionomeric Films of Alginic Acid." Journal of Food Science 64, no. 1 (January 1999): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb09861.x.

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7

Anson, S. I., E. V. Novikova, and A. A. Iozep. "Intramolecular esters of alginic acid." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 82, no. 6 (June 2009): 1095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427209060317.

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8

Yano, Masayuki, and Katsutoshi Inoue. "Adsorption of Metal Ions on Alginic Acid Amide, Pectic Acid Amide, Crosslinked Pectic Acid and Crosslinked Alginic Acid." Analytical Sciences 13, Supplement (1997): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.13.supplement_359.

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9

Pettignano, Asja, Luca Bernardi, Mariafrancesca Fochi, Lorenzo Geraci, Mike Robitzer, Nathalie Tanchoux, and Françoise Quignard. "Alginic acid aerogel: a heterogeneous Brønsted acid promoter for the direct Mannich reaction." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 6 (2015): 4222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00349k.

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10

König, Stephan, and Ivar Ugi. "Vernetzung wäßriger Alginsäure mittels der Vierkomponenten-Kondensation unter Einschluß-Immobilisierung von Enzymen / Crosslinking of Aqueous Alginic Acid by Four Component Condensation with Inclusion Immobilization of Enzymes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-0921.

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The four component condensation (4 CC, Ugi reaction) of aqueous alginic acid with formaldehyde, difunctional amine and isocyanide components produces a gel. Enzymes, e.g. “acidic phosphatase” (AP) and L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), can be immobilized by inclusion in the above crosslinked alginic acid. The enzymes retain some of their activity (LDH: 8-10%; AP: 82-87%).

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11

Taradeiko, T. I., T. M. Sedelkina, T. A. Tarasova, and A. A. Iozep. "Alkylation of alginic acid with acrylamide." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 86, no. 8 (August 2016): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s107036321608017x.

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12

Pasanda, Octovianus S. R., and Abdul Azis. "THE EXTRACTION OF BROWN ALGAE (Sargassum sp) THROUGH CALCIUM PATH TO PRODUCE SODIUM ALGINATE." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 7, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11412.

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Brown algae is a source of sodium alginat raw material. One type of brown algae that is found to grow in Indonesian waters is Sargassum echinocarphum. Brown algae including one type of seaweed that grows in many waters of Indonesia, especially the waters of Eastern Indonesia. Alginat is a pure polysaccharide of uronic acid contained in a brown algae cell wall arranged in the form of long linear chain alginic acids with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight. The alginat form in general is sodium alginat, a water soluble alginat salt. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of alginat include alginat rendamen, water content, ash content, and viscosity. Conventional extraction methods from brown algae into sodium alginat produces the highest yield percentage of 32.42%, resulting from the extraction for 7 hours at 60 C. The lowest average yield percentage resulted in 5 hours extraction process of 2.78%, the average water content of 20.37 - 23.30%, the mean ash content of 22.28 - 34.87%, and the viscosity ranged between 18, 0 - 19.8 Cp.

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13

Krupskaya, T. V., N. V. Yelahina, L. P. Morozova, and V. V. Turov. "Peculiarities of alginic acid hydration in the air and in hydrophobic organic environment." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp12.02.149.

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The effect of the medium on the parameters of water bound to the surface of alginic acid powder was studied by low-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. The aim of this work was to study the effect of hydrophobic environment on the binding of water with alginic acid and to compare the parameters of the interfacial layers of water in air, in chloroform and chloroform with the addition of hydrochloric acid. It is shown that when adsorbed on the surface (500 mg/g H2O), most of it is strongly bound. It is shown that for most dispersed systems, when replacing the air with chloroform, the interfacial energy of water increases from 11.8 to 15.2 kJ/mol, which is due to the capability of weakly polar organic molecules to diffuse on the surface of solid particles, thereby reducing the interaction energy with the adsorbed surface water clusters. It is concluded that chloroform molecules cannot diffuse on the surface of alginic acid particles and affect only the structure of water clusters localized in the outer adsorption layer. In the presence of hydrochloric acid on the surface of alginic acid, a system of water clusters is formed, most of which does not dissolve hydrochloric acid, and the radii of these clusters is 2 nm, which are likely to form in the gaps between the polymer chains of polysaccharide.

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14

Murdzheva, Dilyana, and Panteley Denev. "Chemical modification of alginic acid by ultrasonic irradiation." Acta Scientifica Naturalis 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asn-2016-0002.

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Abstract: Chemical modification of alginic acid has been done by ultrasonic irradiation to obtain its methylated, ethylated and isopropylated derivatives. The influence of ultrasonic frequency and power on esterification process of alginic acid has been investigated. Alginate derivatives have been characterized by degree of esterification (DE) and IR-FT spectroscopy. It has been found that 45 kHz ultrasonic frequency accelerated modification process as reduced the reaction time from 16 hours to 2 hours. The obtained results showed that ultrasound irradiation increased the reaction efficiency in methanol and depended on the ratio of the M/G.

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15

NAKAGAWA, Sadato, and Hiroe OKUDA. "Effect of Organic Acids on Decomposition of Alginic Acid." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI 43, no. 8 (1996): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.43.917.

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16

Gray, S. R., N. Dow, J. D. Orbell, T. Tran, and B. A. Bolto. "The significance of interactions between organic compounds on low pressure membrane fouling." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.488.

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Fouling of hollow fibre microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes by solutions of pure organic compounds and mixtures of these compounds was studied with a backwashable membrane filtration apparatus. Small molecular weight compounds resulted in little fouling, while their polymeric analogues resulted in more severe fouling. Neutrally charged dextran resulted in minor, irreversible fouling, that was considered to be associated with blocking of small pores. Cationically charged chitosan produced gross fouling for which the extent of reversibility increased with salt addition. Anionically charged alginic acid resulted in gross irreversible fouling, except when being filtered by a hydrophilic membrane in the absence of calcium where a high degree of flux recovery was observed. Calcium addition to the alginic acid solutions resulted in gross fouling of all membranes and calcium bridging was considered to be responsible for this behaviour. Greater fouling occurred on the hydrophilic membrane compared to the hydrophobic membranes for bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions, and this was considered to be due to physical blocking of pores, because addition of calcium resulted in lower flux declines. Addition of BSA and calcium to alginic acid solutions resulted in lower flux recoveries for the alginic acid system, consistent with the proposition that interactions between polysaccharide and other compounds are required for irreversible fouling on hydrophilic membranes.

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17

Singh, O. N., and D. J. Burgess. "Characterization of Albumin-Alginic Acid Complex Coacervation." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 41, no. 10 (October 1989): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1989.tb06338.x.

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18

SPEAKMAN, J. B., and N. H. CHAMBERLAIN. "The Production of Rayon from Alginic Acid*." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 60, no. 10 (October 22, 2008): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1944.tb02258.x.

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19

You, Yujing, Yipeng Xie, and Zhiqiang Jiang. "Injectable and biocompatible chitosan-alginic acid hydrogels." Biomedical Materials 14, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 025010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-605x/aaff3d.

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20

Castell, Donald O., Christine Boag Dalton, David Becker, Jane Sinclair, and June A. Castell. "Alginic acid decreases postprandial upright gastroesophageal reflux." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 37, no. 4 (April 1992): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01307584.

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21

Herrler, Andreas, Sabine Eisner, Vera Bach, Ute Weissenborn, and Henning M. Beier. "Cryopreservation of spermatozoa in alginic acid capsules." Fertility and Sterility 85, no. 1 (January 2006): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.06.049.

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22

Cheong, M., and I. Zhitomirsky. "Electrodeposition of alginic acid and composite films." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 328, no. 1-3 (October 2008): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.06.019.

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23

Takahashi, Yasuko. "Binding properties of alginic acid and chitin." Journal of Inclusion Phenomena 5, no. 4 (August 1987): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00664112.

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24

Soares, J. P., J. E. Santos, G. O. Chierice, and E. T. G. Cavalheiro. "Thermal behavior of alginic acid and its sodium salt." Eclética Química 29, no. 2 (2004): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-46702004000200009.

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An evaluation of hydration and thermal decomposition of HAlg and its sodium salt is described using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TG curves in N2 and air, were obtained for alginic acid showed two decomposition steps attributed to loss of water and polymer decomposition respectively. The sodium alginate decomposed in three steps. The first attributed to water loss, followed by the formation of a carbonaceous residue and finally the Na2CO3. DSC curves presented peaks in agreement with the TG data. In the IR alginic acid presented bands at 1730 and 1631 cm-1, while sodium alginate presented a doublet at 1614 e 1431 cm-1, evidencing the presence of salified carboxyl groups.

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25

Parker, Helen L., Jennifer R. Dodson, Vitaly L. Budarin, James H. Clark, and Andrew J. Hunt. "Direct synthesis of Pd nanoparticles on alginic acid and seaweed supports." Green Chemistry 17, no. 4 (2015): 2200–2207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc02375g.

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26

Shakya, Akhilesh Kumar, Ashok Kumar, and Kutty Selva Nandakumar. "Chemical cross-linking abrogates adjuvant potential of natural polymers." RSC Adv. 4, no. 27 (2014): 13817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01331j.

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27

Ho-Yong, Chae, Lee Dae-Hoon, and Hong Joo-Heon. "Quality Properties and Manufacturing of Alginic Acid Bead Containing Amylase by Drying Tim." Journal of Chitin and Chitosan 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17642/jcc.20.3.5.

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28

Ikeda, A., A. Takemura, and H. Ono. "Preparation of low-molecular weight alginic acid by acid hydrolysis." Carbohydrate Polymers 42, no. 4 (August 2000): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(99)00183-6.

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29

Park, Hee-Yeon, Mi-Soon Jang, Irina Kadnikova, Yeon-Kye Kim, Chi-Won Lim, and Ho-Dong Yoon. "Lead Adsorption by Carboxylated Alginic Acid and Its Application in Cleansing Cosmetics." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 5 (October 31, 2010): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2010.43.5.400.

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30

Chang, Ling, Shuquan Chang, Wei Han, Wei Chen, Zheng Li, Zheng Zhang, Yaodong Dai, and Da Chen. "γ-Radiation fabrication of porous permutite/carbon nanobeads/alginic acid nanocomposites and their adsorption properties for Cs+." RSC Advances 6, no. 90 (2016): 86829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra16973b.

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31

Liu, Yang, Yanan Liu, Soo-Jin Park, Yifan Zhang, Taewoo Kim, Suhyeong Chae, Mira Park, and Hak-Yong Kim. "One-step synthesis of robust nitrogen-doped carbon dots: acid-evoked fluorescence enhancement and their application in Fe3+ detection." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 34 (2015): 17747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta05189d.

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32

Naz, Saba, Huseyin Kara, Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi, Abdalaziz Aljabour, and Farah Naz Talpur. "A green approach for the production of biodiesel from fatty acids of corn deodorizer distillate." RSC Adv. 4, no. 89 (2014): 48419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08108k.

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33

Rodríguez-Montesinos, Y. E., G. Hernández-Carmona, and D. L. Arvizu-Higuera. "RECIRCULACIÓN DE LÍQUIDOS RESIDUALES EN LA CONVERSIÓN DE ALGINATO DE CALCIO EN ÁCIDO ALGÍNICO DURANTE EL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE ALGINATOS." CICIMAR Oceánides 20, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v20i1-2.17.

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Se estudió el efecto de recircular la solución ácida residual en la etapa de conversión de alginato de calcio en ácido algínico, utilizando el alga Macrocystis pyrifera . Los líquidos residuales fueron reciclados en un sistema en contra corriente, con lo cual se logró procesar tres cargas de alginato de sodio con el mismo volumen de agua, permitiendo una conversión efectiva en ácido algínico, con una reducción del 56% en el consumo de agua dulce. Se experimentó un sistema de recirculación en línea (sin reemplazo de agua), este sistema no es recomendable, debido a que la acumulación de calcio en el alginato después de la segunda recirculación, produce una viscosidad aparente muy alta, con un porcentaje de reducció superior al 50%. Se determinó el efecto del número de lavados ácidos del ácido algínico sobre la calidad y rendimiento del alginato obtenido. El tratamiento ácido se llevó a cabo con tres, dos y un lavado. Se concluye que se requieren tres lavados de las fibras de alginato de calcio para lograr una conversión efectiva en ácido algínico, pero el primero y segundo lavado se pueden hacer con ácido reciclado. Es tesis tema representa un ahorro del 66% en el consumo de agua en esta etapa. Recycling of residual liquids from the conversion of calcium alginate to alginic acid during alginate production process The effect of recycling the residual acid solution from the conversion of calcium alginate to alginic acid from the alga Macrocystis pyrifera was studied. The residual liquid was recycled using a counter current system; it was possible to treat three batches of calcium alginate with the same amount of water, with an effective conversion into alginic acid, saving 56% of fresh water. An inline recycling system was experimented (without water replacement). This system is not recommended, because the large increase of calcium in the alginate after the second recycling, produces a very high apparent viscosity. Using this system the viscosity was reduced in more than 50%. We experimented the effect of the number of acid washings of the alginic acid, on the yield and quality of the final alginate. The acid treatment was carried out with three, two and one washing. It was concluded that three acid washings of the calcium alginate fibers are necessary to obtain an effective conversion of calcium alginate to alginic acid, but the first and second washings can be carried out with recycled acid. This system represents a water saving up to 66% in this step.

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34

Rodríguez-Montesinos, Y. E., G. Hernández-Carmona, and D. L. Arvizu-Higuera. "RECIRCULACIÓN DE LÍQUIDOS RESIDUALES EN LA CONVERSIÓN DE ALGINATO DE CALCIO EN ÁCIDO ALGÍNICO DURANTE EL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE ALGINATOS." CICIMAR Oceánides 20, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v20i1-2.17.

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Se estudió el efecto de recircular la solución ácida residual en la etapa de conversión de alginato de calcio en ácido algínico, utilizando el alga Macrocystis pyrifera . Los líquidos residuales fueron reciclados en un sistema en contra corriente, con lo cual se logró procesar tres cargas de alginato de sodio con el mismo volumen de agua, permitiendo una conversión efectiva en ácido algínico, con una reducción del 56% en el consumo de agua dulce. Se experimentó un sistema de recirculación en línea (sin reemplazo de agua), este sistema no es recomendable, debido a que la acumulación de calcio en el alginato después de la segunda recirculación, produce una viscosidad aparente muy alta, con un porcentaje de reducció superior al 50%. Se determinó el efecto del número de lavados ácidos del ácido algínico sobre la calidad y rendimiento del alginato obtenido. El tratamiento ácido se llevó a cabo con tres, dos y un lavado. Se concluye que se requieren tres lavados de las fibras de alginato de calcio para lograr una conversión efectiva en ácido algínico, pero el primero y segundo lavado se pueden hacer con ácido reciclado. Es tesis tema representa un ahorro del 66% en el consumo de agua en esta etapa. Recycling of residual liquids from the conversion of calcium alginate to alginic acid during alginate production process The effect of recycling the residual acid solution from the conversion of calcium alginate to alginic acid from the alga Macrocystis pyrifera was studied. The residual liquid was recycled using a counter current system; it was possible to treat three batches of calcium alginate with the same amount of water, with an effective conversion into alginic acid, saving 56% of fresh water. An inline recycling system was experimented (without water replacement). This system is not recommended, because the large increase of calcium in the alginate after the second recycling, produces a very high apparent viscosity. Using this system the viscosity was reduced in more than 50%. We experimented the effect of the number of acid washings of the alginic acid, on the yield and quality of the final alginate. The acid treatment was carried out with three, two and one washing. It was concluded that three acid washings of the calcium alginate fibers are necessary to obtain an effective conversion of calcium alginate to alginic acid, but the first and second washings can be carried out with recycled acid. This system represents a water saving up to 66% in this step.

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35

Taylor, John S., K. Neil Harker, and J. Mason Robertson. "Seaweed Extract and Alginates as Adjuvants with Sethoxydim." Weed Technology 7, no. 4 (December 1993): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037994.

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Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and the field to determine if a seaweed extract and its component alginates could enhance the activity of sethoxydim on barley (five- to six-leaf stage). In greenhouse trials, sethoxydim with 0.5% oil concentrate was applied at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 kg ai/ha; in field trials, sethoxydim with 0.5% oil concentrate was applied at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 kg/ha. In both sets of trials the seaweed extract was applied at a rate of 1 and 2 L/ha, and the alginates were applied at 250 and 500 g/ha. When either the seaweed extract, or the calcium ammonium salt of alginic acid was used as an adjuvant a significant increase in sethoxydim activity was usually observed. At the highest rates of these adjuvants, sethoxydim (0.2 kg/ha) activity increased from 59% control (1321 g/m2fresh weight) with only oil concentrate, to 87% control (224 g/m2fresh weight) with seaweed extract, or 89% control (184 g/m2fresh weight) with the calcium ammonium salt of alginic acid. Sodium salts of alginic acid, both low and medium viscosity, were much less effective.

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36

EA, Pavlatou. "Advanced Applications of Biomaterials Based on Alginic Acid." American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research 9, no. 1 (May 29, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2020.09.001350.

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37

Patil, Nilam H., and Padma V. Devarajan. "Insulin-loaded alginic acid nanoparticles for sublingual delivery." Drug Delivery 23, no. 2 (June 5, 2014): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.916769.

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38

Jeon, Choong, Jae Yeon Park, and Young Je Yoo. "Characteristics of metal removal using carboxylated alginic acid." Water Research 36, no. 7 (April 2002): 1814–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00389-x.

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39

Taradeiko, T. I., T. M. Sedelkina, and А. А. Iozep. "Reaction of Azidocarboxyethyl Alginic Acid with N-Nucleophiles." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 88, no. 10 (October 2018): 2067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363218100067.

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40

Tran, Thai-Hoa, Sy-Thang Ho, and Thanh-Dinh Nguyen. "Nanofibrillar alginic acid-derived hierarchical porous carbon supercapacitors." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 92, no. 5 (February 25, 2014): 796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21979.

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41

Matsumoto, Yusuke, Daisuke Ishii, and Tadahisa Iwata. "Synthesis and characterization of alginic acid ester derivatives." Carbohydrate Polymers 171 (September 2017): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.001.

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42

Yapar, Elif, Senem Kıralp Kayahan, Ayhan Bozkurt, and Levent Toppare. "Immobilizing cholesterol oxidase in chitosan–alginic acid network." Carbohydrate Polymers 76, no. 3 (April 9, 2009): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.11.001.

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43

Cygan, R. T., T. D. Perry, and R. Mitchell. "Alginic acid conformations and the calcite–water interface." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 18 (August 2006): A122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.158.

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Rigo, María V. Ramírez, Daniel A. Allemandi, and Ruben H. Manzo. "Swellable drug–polyelectrolyte matrices (SDPM) of alginic acid." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 322, no. 1-2 (September 2006): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.05.025.

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Vijayakumar, M. T., C. Rami Reddy, and K. T. Joseph. "Grafting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) onto alginic acid." European Polymer Journal 21, no. 4 (January 1985): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(85)90201-0.

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Nakamura, Y. "Electron-transfer function of NAD+-immobilized alginic acid." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1289, no. 2 (March 15, 1996): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(95)00143-3.

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Orlando, P., L. Binaglia, A. De Feo, R. Trevisi, C. Melodia, and R. Trenta. "Preparation of high molecular weight radioiodinated alginic acid." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 34, no. 7 (July 1994): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.2580340709.

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48

Yeh, H. H., and W. H. Wang. "A study on the fouling phenomena of a microfiltration membrane." Water Supply 4, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2004): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0112.

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Abstract:

The utilization of membrane processes for drinking water treatment has become more popular. However, fouling by source water probably is the major factor prohibits its widespread application. In this research, the fouling phenomena of a microfiltration (MF) membrane were studied. The interactions among colloidal particles, calcium ion, and dissolved organics, such as salicylic acid, humic acid, and alginic acid, on MF fouling were focused. A lab-scale single hollow fiber MF membrane, made of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), module was used. The results show that, for single organic compound, the extent of fouling caused by humic acid was higher that of alginic acid. For the latter, the permeate flux decrease at lower pH was more significant than those at higher pH. For low MW salicylic acid, both rejection and flux decrease were minor. It seems that solubility have strong correlation with fouling rate. The higher the solubility is, the lower the fouling rate. For sole colloidal particle system, latex beads with diameter close to the pore size of MF membrane showed severe fouling. Adding Ca can aggregate the latex beads, and alleviate fouling. However, calcium ion also found to increase fouling of alginic acid on membrane under neutral or alkali pH condition, probably via charge neutralization and/or bridging. In conclusion, MF fouling seems to be strongly related to the type of organics, size of colloidal particles, and the existence of divalent ions, in the feed water.

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Rapti, Sofia, Anastasia Pournara, Debajit Sarma, Ioannis T. Papadas, Gerasimos S. Armatas, Athanassios C. Tsipis, Theodore Lazarides, Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, and Manolis J. Manos. "Selective capture of hexavalent chromium from an anion-exchange column of metal organic resin–alginic acid composite." Chemical Science 7, no. 3 (2016): 2427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc03732h.

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Dekamin, Mohammad G., Siamand Ilkhanizadeh, Zahra Latifidoost, Hamed Daemi, Zahra Karimi, and Mehdi Barikani. "Alginic acid: a highly efficient renewable and heterogeneous biopolymeric catalyst for one-pot synthesis of the Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines." RSC Adv. 4, no. 100 (2014): 56658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11801d.

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