Journal articles: 'Algonquin Provincial Park (Ont.)'

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Corbett, Carl. "Sustainable forest management in Algonquin Provincial Park." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 5 (October 1, 2001): 836–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77836-5.

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DeWitt, Jessica M. "Algonquin Park—A Place Like No Other: A History of Algonquin Provincial Park by Roderick MacKay." Ontario History 112, no. 1 (2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069015ar.

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Pludwinski, Brandon J., and Bryan S. R. Grimwood. "(Re)producing wilderness tourism discourses in Algonquin Provincial Park." Tourist Studies 21, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 424–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797621989207.

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Particular types of nature-based tourism programs, including multi-day children’s overnight/residential summer camp canoe tripping programs in North America, often (re)produce (neo)colonial constructions of nature and the “wilderness.” The purpose of this paper is to expose how wilderness is constructed and circulated in the context of a particular summer camp’s canoe trips in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Within this paper, we identify how specific legacies of colonialism are maintained and redeployed through the practices and representations of summer camp canoe trippers. Specifically, analyses show how canoe trippers (re)produce and (re)enact the wilderness as seemingly empty, untouched, and pristine spaces. Drawing on a Foucauldian-styled discourse analysis, this research exposes recurrent power relations that normalize, re-inscribe, and enable unjust wilderness discourses on Canadian summer camp canoe trips.

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Moldowan, Patrick D., and Hugo Kitching. "Observation of an Eastern Wolf (Canis sp. cf. lycaon) Caching Food in a Sphagnum Bog in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 130, no. 4 (March 29, 2017): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v130i4.1930.

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We report summer caching of a partial carcass of a White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn by an Eastern Wolf (Canis sp. cf. lycaon) in a Sphagnum bog in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. The microhabitat conditions in bogs (i.e., low temperature, acidity, and organochemical compounds) likely inhibit food spoilage, making bogs potentially important sites for food caching. Wolves in Algonquin Park experience low summer food availability and high pup mortality from starvation. Caches likely serve as necessary reserve food stores for adults and pups. Recent research has shown that wetland habitats are important den and rendezvous sites for Algonquin Eastern Wolves based on prey availability and, we suggest, perhaps for food storage and accessibility. This caching behaviour was recorded on video. We recommend that future research investigate Eastern Wolf selection of food-caching sites, as a complement to other spatial ecology studies.

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Cook, S. Joy, D. Ryan Norris, and John B. Theberge. "Spatial dynamics of a migratory wolf population in winter, south-central Ontario (1990-1995)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 11 (December 1, 1999): 1740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-148.

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We examined the spatial distribution and movements of migratory wolves (Canis lupus lycaon) to a deer yard located adjacent to Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, during 5 winters from 1990 to 1995. Wolves from eastern and central Algonquin Provincial Park followed the annual migration of deer to yards located 13 km outside of the Park boundary. Spatial distributions were determined through mapping of telemetry locations and nearest neighbour analysis. We defined three spacing systems: consistent/high fidelity, clustered/moderate fidelity, and transitional/low fidelity. We found inconsistencies among packs in their adherence to these systems. Data indicate that areas of use changed quickly and tolerance levels among wolves in the deer yard were very high; alien wolves were recorded 163 times in close spatial and (or) temporal proximity. The social behaviour exhibited by this migratory population of wolves has never been recorded in a forested wolf-deer ecosystem. Factors that may contribute to this behavioural plasticity include food abundance, a high degree of genetic relatedness among wolf packs, and high rates of human-caused mortality.

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Jones, Brittany, Olivia Molenda, Colin Hayward, Mark D'Aguiar, Nathan Miller, Leslie Rye, and Karl Cottenie. "Patterns of tree diversity in response to logging in Algonquin Provincial Park." SURG Journal 4, no. 2 (March 11, 2011): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v4i2.1318.

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The acceleration of human disturbance on natural systems necessitates the understanding of the effects of disturbance on species diversity, in order to mitigate its impacts. The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis (IDH) provides a general framework for predicting how these effects will unfold, centered on the premise that diversity will be maximized at intermediate levels of disturbance, or after an intermediate amount of time has passed since the last disturbance. We investigated the impact of disturbance by logging in Algonquin Provincial Park, ON, Canada, on tree species diversity. We sampled 7 sites, with known times since the last logging event, ranging between 4 and 149 years. We found that species richness and diversity indeed peaked at an intermediate disturbance regime of approximately 80 years since logging. We also found that this maximum diversity was caused by a combination of early, pioneer, post-pioneer, sub-climax, and climax species. Our experiment shows that IDH is applicable to the mixed forests of Algonquin, and therefore, provided that sites are logged after a suitable amount of time has passed, it is possible to harvest trees and maintain diversity.

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Gillis, M. D., D. G. Leckie, and R. D. Pick. "Satellite Imagery Assists in the Assessment of Hail Damage for Salvage Harvest." Forestry Chronicle 66, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc66463-5.

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On June 8, 1987 a severe thunderstorm caused extensive hail damage to portions of the forest within Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. The Algonquin Forestry Authority, charged with the responsibility for harvest operations within the Park, decided to salvage the damaged forest. A map of the damage was required to determine the area and volume to be harvested. A cooperative project between the Algonquin Forestry Authority and the Petawawa National Forestry Institute was established to map the damaged area by combining satellite imagery and existing ground information and to define the cut blocks using the satellite data as a guide for field work. A colour composite transparency of Landsat Thematic Mapper data was acquired and the damaged area mapped in just over two weeks. The satellite imagery in combination with ground work provided a simple, effective, and timely method for assessing hail storm damage for an operational salvage harvest.

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Quinn, Norman W. S. "The presettlement hardwood forests and wildlife of Algonquin Provincial Park: A synthesis of historic evidence and recent research." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80705-6.

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The hypothetical structure and composition of the presettlement tolerant hardwood forests of Algonquin Provincial Park are contrasted with current conditions, primarily via a review of the literature and recent research in the Park. Change over time of the overstory and gap structure of the forest and also of riparian habitat is examined, and implications made regarding the wildlife community, in particular the wolf-prey system. There has, since the early 1800s, been a loss of conifer, alteration in gap size structure, qualitative change in woody debris, a reduction in basal area and of "supersize" trees, and a reduction in early successional riparian (beaver) habitat. Overall, the presettlement community of terrestrial vertebrates was probably richer, but it is emphasized that these changes are not fundamental; the forest ecosystem is substantively similar to the past. Key words: northern hardwoods, wildlife, tolerant hardwoods, Algonquin Park, moose, beaver, wolves, presettlement

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9

De Solla, Shane R., and Jaclyn A. Gugelyk. "Oviposition and subsequent depredation of Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) nests in fresh asphalt." Canadian Field-Naturalist 132, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i2.2035.

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On 28 June 2009, three Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina) nests were found oviposited in fresh asphalt beside a bridge in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. One nest was excavated immediately; the other two were left untouched. The two nests left in situ were revisited on 28 July when it was discovered that one nest had been depredated by an unknown predator. Evidence of the third nest was obliterated by tracks of large mammals crossing the bridge. These observations suggest that predators find turtle nests despite the strong odour of asphalt. To examine potential negative impacts of asphalt on turtle eggs, five clean Snapping Turtle eggs, collected elsewhere in Algonquin Provincial Park, were buried in asphalt on 28 July. After eight days, the translocated eggs had obvious staining and contained 0.081–0.376 μg/g (wet weight) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), presumably resulting from asphalt exposure. The risk of exposure to PAHs or other chemicals associatedwith asphalt is unknown, but the levels of PAHs in these eggs appeared lower than those associated with acute toxicity.

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Stewart, Frances E. C. "North American Deer Mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, Consuming a Parasitizing Botfly Larva, Diptera: Cuterebridae." Canadian Field-Naturalist 125, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v125i1.1129.

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During a laboratory study in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, I videotaped a female North American Deer Mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis, consuming a botfly larva, Family Cuterebridae, that had just emerged from her chest. Although botfly parasitism has been widely studied in several species of small mammals, there are no prior reports of the host consuming the emerged botfly parasite.

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Puttock, G. D., I. Timossi, and L. S. Davis. "BOREAL: A tactical planning system for forest ecosystem management." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74413-3.

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BOREAL is a tactical planning system designed to aid forest managers in developing site-specific management schedules consistent with planning objectives and environmental standards. The system projects outcomes of management alternatives in terms of future forest conditions and forest products and displays results in tabular, graphic, and map formats. The application of the system in a tactical management planning situation is demonstrated with an example of the interactions between timber production and moose (Alces alces L.) habitat for a 5,000 ha area in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. The system is flexible and can be adapted to a variety of forest planning scenarios such as integrated timber production and habitat management, conservation of old growth forests, and protection of significant forest ecosystems. Key words: Algonquin Park, geographic information system, linear programming, management planning, moose, timber supply, wildlife habitat

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Grewal, Sonya K., PaulJ Wilson, Tabitha K. Kung, Karmi Shami, Mary T. Theberge, John B. Theberge, and Bradley N. White. "A GENETIC ASSESSMENT OF THE EASTERN WOLF (CANIS LYCAON) IN ALGONQUIN PROVINCIAL PARK." Journal of Mammalogy 85, no. 4 (August 2004): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0625:agaote>2.0.co;2.

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13

Norris, D. Ryan, Mary T. Theberge, and John B. Theberge. "Forest composition around wolf (Canis lupus) dens in eastern Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-067.

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Den-site selection is a poorly understood aspect of wolf (Canis lupus) ecology, particularly for populations in forested ecosystems. Using a geographic information system and remote-sensing imagery, we examined patterns of habitat use around wolf dens in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Sixteen den sites were sampled for eight habitat types in their immediately vicinity, as well as at radii of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 m. We used a resource-selection ratio to determine whether specific habitat types were preferred or avoided at different radii relative to the total proportion of habitat types found within the study area. Wolves established dens in areas with significantly high proportions of pine forest up to and including a 1000-m radius and low proportions of tolerant and intolerant hardwoods within 500 m. We conclude that wolves establish den sites based primarily on the presence of pine forest, a habitat that is frequently logged within Park boundaries and subject to problems with regeneration after cutting. Dens sites are likely not limiting in this population, but our results suggest the need to protect current den sites at a relatively large spatial scale. These results also provide unique information to assess the potential for recolonization and reintroduction of wolf populations in other areas.

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Theberge, John B., Mary T. Theberge, John A. Vucetich, and Paul C. Paquet. "Pitfalls of Applying Adaptive Management to a Wolf Population in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Environmental Management 37, no. 4 (February 7, 2006): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-1041-6.

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Bobbie, Colleen B., Elliott Schmidt, Janet Foley, and Albrecht I. Schulte-Hostedde. "The presence of parasitic mites on small mammals in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, no. 1 (January 2017): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0085.

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Here we identify, for the first time, a generalist orange parasitic mite found on multiple small-mammal species in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Results from 18S rRNA sequencing suggest that these mites may belong to the family Trombiculidae (Acari: Trombidiformes), although morphological and additional genetic analyses are needed to confirm this identification. The presence of these mites was associated with lower body condition in North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Erxleben, 1777)), suggesting that these mites may be a detriment to fitness in small mammals or are more successful when targeting individuals in poorer condition. A lack of sex-biased host infection, emergence dates outside of the host reproductive season, and stability of mite prevalence across study years indicate mite population dynamics may be driven predominantly by factors external from host status, such as climatic conditions or habitat preference. Future research should focus on providing additional reliable identification of these mites, as well as broadening our knowledge on their range, pathogenicity, and impact on small-mammal community dynamics.

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LeGros, David L. "Communal Oviposition in the Northern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 125, no. 4 (August 14, 2012): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v125i4.1266.

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While surveying a stream for amphibians in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, I discovered a clutch of Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata) eggs on the underside of a partially submerged rock. I counted 165 eggs and measured them using ImageJ from a digital photograph. The quantity of eggs is far greater than any known clutch size for this species, and it was likely deposited by more than one female. This is the first report of communal oviposition in this species in Canada.

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Donkor, Noble T., and John M. Fryxell. "Impact of beaver foraging on structure of lowland boreal forests of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Forest Ecology and Management 118, no. 1-3 (June 1999): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00487-3.

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LeGros, David L., David Lesbarrères, and Brad Steinberg. "Terrestrial dispersal of juvenile Mink Frog (Lithobates septentrionalis) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 135, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v135i1.2607.

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Dispersal following metamorphosis is critical for sustaining anuran metapopulations. Mink Frog (Lithobates septentrionalis) is a primarily aquatic species that is common in eastern Canada. The species is not well studied, and little is known about the terrestrial dispersal of recently metamorphosed individuals. Here we present our observations on the phenology of terrestrial activity in recently metamorphosed Mink Frogs in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Despite a sampling effort of over 26 000 trap nights over two years (2010 and 2011) in an area with a known population of Mink Frogs, we observed only 35 individuals, all of which were recent metamorphs, in late summer 2011, suggesting annual variability of recruitment. Because all Mink Frogs were observed in a riparian area, it is likely that this species uses riparian corridors to disperse toward other wetlands, thus avoiding forested areas.

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Moldowan, Patrick D., Matthew G. Keevil, Peter B. Mills, Ronald J. Brooks, and Jacqueline D. Litzgus. "Diet and feeding behaviour of Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) and Midland Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 4 (January 30, 2016): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i4.1764.

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We compare diet and feeding behaviour of Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) and Midland Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. We observed young Chelydra and Chrysemys turtles feeding on insect and amphibian larvae in ephemeral ponds, adult Chrysemys terrestrially foraging on odonate larvae, and adult Chelydra consuming aquatic vegetation and seeds. These and other observations highlight the importance of seasonally available habitat and food for juvenile turtles. We also discuss the evidence for, and importance of, turtles as seed-dispersal agents for aquatic vegetation. Illustrative video recordings accompany our dietary observations.

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Moldowan, Patrick D., Ronald J. Brooks, and Jacqueline D. Litzgus. "Sex-biased seasonal capture rates in Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)." Canadian Field-Naturalist 132, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v132i1.2024.

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We examined captures of Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, during the understudied summer–autumn transition period (August–September). The proportion of captured male turtles increased relative to the proportion of females during the late summer and early autumn sampling period, leading to male-biased capture rates in a population with a strongly female-biased sex ratio. We consider explanations for the capture bias in relation to sex-specific activity patterns and briefly discuss the implications of sampling period on the outcome of population structure studies.

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Toline, C. Anna, and Allan J. Baker. "Foraging tactic as a potential selection pressure influencing geographic differences in body shape among populations of dace (Phoxinus eos)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 2178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-306.

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Geographic differences in body shape among 18 populations of northern redbelly dace in three regions of Ontario (Sudbury, Algonquin Provincial Park, and Kingston) were quantified with truss analysis. Principal component analysis of size-adjusted residuals of the trusses revealed that 35.11% of the morphological variation in body shape is explained on principal component I. This axis describes the major trend in body shape variation, ranging from populations in which fish are relatively deep-bodied to those in which fish are more shallow-bodied. Shape variation among populations in Algonquin Park spanned the range observed among all three regions in Ontario. Experiments were thus conducted on two Algonquin populations differing considerably in body shape, and it was found that deeper bodied fish from one population were significantly more adept at capturing evasive prey than were relatively shallow-bodied fish from another population. This finding is not only consistent with functional analysis of fish shape but also fits predictions from foraging theory. Fish catching plentiful but evasive prey should rely on ambush predation, and thus have a large body depth, which increases body area relative to mass, in order to optimize acceleration. Conversely, fish catching less evasive food occurring at low density should use a tactic of wide foraging, for which they need a streamlined anterior body suitable for cruising over extended periods of time. Samples from the natural population revealed that deep-bodied fish had a significantly greater number of evasive prey in their guts, and that the more shallow-bodied fish had relatively few. Furthermore, the pond in which the deeper bodied fish occurred had significantly higher prey density than the pond inhabited by the shallow-bodied fish. Because the Algonquin populations experience sufficient gene flow to prevent differentiation due to drift alone, the most likely explanation for population differentiation resides in selection on body shape for foraging tactic.

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Killan, Gerald, and George Warecki. "J.R. Dymond and Frank A. MacDougall: Science and Government Policy in Algonquin Provincial Park, 1931-1954." Scientia Canadensis: Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine 22-23 (1998): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800409ar.

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Nol, Erica, Hume Douglas, and William J. Crins. "Responses of Syrphids, Elaterids and Bees to Single-tree Selection Harvesting in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.239.

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The species composition of hoverflies (Syrphidae), click beetles (Elateridae), and bees (Apoidea) was studied to determine whether there was a positive response in these flower-seeking insect groups to gaps in the canopy created through single-tree selection harvesting of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) and Yellow Birch (Betula alleghaniensis) in hardwood forests of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. There were significantly more hoverflies and bees collected in forest stands harvested within the previous five years than in wilderness zone (unharvested at least for 40 years) stands or stands harvested 15-20 years previously (old logged stands). Click beetles, especially Selatosomus pulcher (LeConte), were collected most often in old logged stands. Bees and click beetles were collected significantly later in the season in logged than in wilderness zone stands. Malaise traps resulted in higher capture rates for syrphids than pan traps, and only with these higher capture rates did we detect a significant increase in species richness in recently logged stands over that in wilderness stands. Changes in the numbers and phenology of flower-visiting insects may impact on reproductive success of flowering plants of the forest understory and deserves further study.

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Mancuso, Kristen, Erica Nol, Dawn Burke, and Ken Elliott. "Effect of selection logging on Yellow-bellied Sapsucker sap-feeding habits in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 10 (October 2014): 1236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0498.

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The sap-feeding behaviour of a keystone woodpecker species, the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus, 1766)), was compared between high-quality uncut stands and stands harvested with various forms of selection logging in the hardwood forests of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. We examined (i) the average distances that sapsuckers travelled from their nest tree to sapwell trees, (ii) the characteristics of active sapwell trees compared with overall stand characteristics, and (iii) the reuse of sapwell trees after 1 or 2 years. We found that sapsuckers travelled approximately the same average distance from their nests to sapwell trees, regardless of logging treatment. The characteristics of sapwell trees were overall unaffected by logging: unhealthy trees, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) were used at similar proportions to their stand-level availability in reference and harvested stands. Trees with old sapwells and large-diameter trees were used significantly more than their stand-level availability; thus the retention of these trees during tree-marking procedures may preserve sap foraging habitat. The reuse of sapwell trees did not vary between treatments, and on average, over half of the sapwell trees showed evidence of reuse the following year.

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LeGros, David L. "Plant Climbing in the Northern Two-lined Salamander, Eurycea bislineata, in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 127, no. 1 (July 15, 2013): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v127i1.1411.

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Lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae) are often active on the surface on rainy evenings, and some species may even climb vegetation in search of prey. Here I report the first investigation of plant climbing in the Northern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata). Surveys were carried out along Bat Lake Creek in Algonquin Provincial Park over four rainy nights in summer 2007 for Northern Two-lined Salamanders. I compared the numbers of Northern Two-lined Salamanders foraging on the ground with those climbing on plants, and over half of the Northern Two-lined Salamanders were climbing plants. This behaviour may provide the Northern Two-lined Salamander with access to an underutilized food source, and plants may represent an additional foraging habitat for this species.

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Runtz, M. W. P., and Stewart B. Peck. "THE BEETLE FAUNA OF A MATURE SPRUCE–SPHAGNUM BOG, ALGONQUIN PARK, ONTARIO; ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE SPECIES COMPOSITION." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 126, S169 (1994): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm126169161-1.

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AbstractThe beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of a black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP] – tamarack [Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch] – Sphagnum bog in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, was sampled from early June to mid-August with yellow pan traps and emergence traps. The yield was 5734 beetles, in 30 families. Ptiliidae was the most numerically abundant and Staphylinidae was the most taxonomically diverse. Carabidae was second in diversity and third in numerical abundance. The abundance and ecological implications of some individual species are discussed. Few of the species are bog-specific. The faunal composition suggests that the bog is in a late-succession phase and that most of the beetle species are derived from adjacent habitats.

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Helmers, Adrian, Alexis Platek, Melissa Ponte, Natalie Secen, and Karl Cottenie. "The impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on plant species richness in the freshwater lakes of Algonquin Provincial Park." SURG Journal 9, no. 1 (April 9, 2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v9i1.3151.

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This study quantified the impact of human activity on aquatic and shoreline plant species richness. We hypothesized that human activity at the shoreline would negatively impact plant species richness and that the extent of the impact would depend on the intensity of human activity. To test this, we sampled 11 lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park, of which five permitted motorboat access, and five permitted canoe access and prohibited motorboat access. The remaining lake, which had no designated access point for boats and was only accessible to researchers, acted as a control. To assess the impact of anthropogenic disturbance at each lake, we measured plant species richness in three 10 m by 2 m plots: a first plot at the access point, assumed to be the site of highest disturbance; a second at the site of intermediate disturbance, 30 m down shore from the access point; and a third at the site of lowest disturbance, 60 m down shore from the access point. We found a significant negative relationship between the level of disturbance and plant species richness, both in the motorboat-accessible and canoe access-only lakes. The control lake exhibited no correlation between disturbance level and plant species richness. However, there was no significant difference between motorboat-accessible and canoe access-only lakes in the relationship between disturbance level and plant species richness. Overall, this study highlights the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance on freshwater aquatic and shoreline plant communities, and provides a framework for future management and rehabilitation strategies.

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Sears, Hilary J., John B. Theberge, Mary T. Theberge, Ian Thornton, and G. Douglas Campbell. "Landscape Influence on Canis Morphological and Ecological Variation in a Coyote-Wolf C. lupus × latrans Hybrid Zone, Southeastern Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i4.828.

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The ecology of Coyote-Wolf (Canis latrans × C. lupus) hybrids has never fully been typified. We studied morphological and ecological variation in Canis within a region of Coyote-Wolf hybridization in southeastern Ontario. We assessed Canis morphology from standard body measurements and ten skull measurements of adult specimens and found that Canis in this region are morphologically intermediate between Algonquin Provincial Park Wolves (C. lupus lycaon) and Coyotes, indicating a latrans × lycaon hybrid origin; however, there is a closer morphological affinity to latrans than lycaon. Analysis of 846 scats indicated dietary habits also intermediate between lycaon and Coyotes. We used a geographic information system (GIS) to assess spatial landscape features (road density, land cover and fragmentation) for six study sites representing three landscape types. We found noticeable variation in Canis morphology and diet in different landscape types. In general, canids from landscape type A (lowest road density, more total forest cover, less fragmentation) displayed more Wolf-like body morphology and consumed a greater proportion of larger prey (Beaver [Castor canadensis] and White-tailed Deer [Odocoileus virginianus]). In comparison, canids from landscape types B and C (higher road density and/or less total forest cover, more fragmentation) were generally more Coyote-like in body and skull morphology and made greater use of medium to small-sized prey (Groundhog [Marmota monax], Muskrat [Ondatra zibethicus] and lagomorphs). These landscape trends in Canis types suggest selection against Wolf-like traits in fragmented forests with high road density. The range of lycaon southeast of Algonquin Provincial Park appears to be limited primarily due to human access and consequent exploitation. We suggest that road density is the best landscape indicator of Canis types in this region of sympatric, hybridizing and unprotected Canis populations.

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Burgin, Steven G., and Fiona F. Hunter. "Sugar-meal sources used by female black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a four-habitat study." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 1066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-128.

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Adult black flies were sampled by sweep-netting vegetation in four habitats within Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario: Davies Bog, the airfield, deciduous habitat, and coniferous habitat. Sugars in the crops and midguts of female flies (n = 773) were tested by thin-layer chromatography to determine whether the flies had fed on nectar or homopteran honeydew. Melezitose and stachyose were used as honeydew-indicator sugars. For Simulium venustum, it was found that significantly fewer black flies (19%) from the airfield contained honeydew sugars than black flies from the other three sites (34% from Davies Bog; 36% from deciduous habitat; 25% from coniferous habitat). We argue that black flies will feed on nectar or honeydew according to availability.

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Mee, Jonathan A., and Locke Rowe. "Distribution of Phoxinus eos, Phoxinus neogaeus, and Their Asexually-Reproducing Hybrids (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." PLoS ONE 5, no. 10 (October 4, 2010): e13185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013185.

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Maxie, Andrea J., Karen F. Hussey, Stacey J. Lowe, Kevin R. Middel, Bruce A. Pond, Martyn E. Obbard, and Brent R. Patterson. "A comparison of forest resource inventory, provincial land cover maps and field surveys for wildlife habitat analysis in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest." Forestry Chronicle 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc86077-1.

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In a portion of central Ontario, Canada we assessed the classification agreement between field-based estimates of forest stand composition and each of two mapped data sources used in wildlife habitat studies, the Forest Resource Inventory (FRI) and satellite-image derived Provincial Land Cover (PLC). At two study areas, Algonquin Provincial Park (APP) and Wildlife Management Unit 49 (WMU49), we surveyed 119 forest stands and 40 water and wetland stands. Correspondence levels between FRI and field classifications were 48% in APP and 44% in WMU49 when assessing six forest cover types. With only four simplified forest cover types, levels improved to 77% in APP and 63% in WMU49. Correspondence between PLC and field classifications for three forested stand types was approximately 63% in APP and 55% in WMU49. Because of the poor to moderate level of correspondence we detected between map and field classifications, we recommend that care be exercised when FRI or PLC maps are used in forest and wildlife research and management planning. Key words: forest resource inventory, FRI, provincial land cover, PLC, Landsat Thematic Mapper, map accuracy, map correspondence, map agreement, Ontario, wildlife habitat

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Moldowan, Patrick D., Matthew G. Keevil, Steven Kell, Ronald J. Brooks, and Jacqueline D. Litzgus. "Anti-predator defenses of Brown Bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) and interactions with Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina)." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 2 (August 5, 2015): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i2.1701.

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Ictalurid catfishes have sharp spines on their dorsal and pectoral fins that can be hazardous to predators. The pectoral spines may lock in an abducted position, effectively increasing body size and preventing ingestion by gape-limited predators. Further, sharp spines may injure predators or increase prey handling time, affording catfish opportunities for escape. As part of a long-term mark–recapture study of turtle ecology in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, we documented the presence of Brown Bullheads, Ameiurus nebulosus, in the diet of Snapping Turtles, Chelydra serpentina. Here, we report on injuries inflicted by the pectoral spines of bullheads on Snapping Turtles during predator–prey interactions and provide a brief literature review of the functional significance and potential dangers of catfish pectoral spines to predators.

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Brooks, Ronald J., Cathy M. Shilton, Gregory P. Brown, and Norman W. S. Quinn. "Body size, age distribution, and reproduction in a northern population of wood turtles (Clemmys insculpta)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-070.

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A population of the wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) was studied on the east side of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, from 1987 to 1990. A total of 77 adults (56 females, 21 males) and 13 juveniles were captured, measured, and individually marked. Age at maturity was 17–18 years at a minimum carapace length of 185 mm for females and 199 mm for males. Our data supported the hypothesis that turtles in northern populations are larger and older at maturity than are those in southern populations. For 21 nests, mean clutch size was 8.8 eggs and egg mass was 96 g. Predators destroyed 15 of 17 nests in 1990, and had injured 60% of adult turtles observed. Therefore, our population had low recruitment, few juveniles, and high levels of predation on nests and adults. Comparisons among females refuted two predictions from optimal egg size theory. Mean width and mass, but not length, of eggs correlated positively with female size, and correlated positively with clutch size, even after effects of body size were removed by partial correlation. However, smaller females in the population had relatively longer eggs than did larger females, whereas the Algonquin females have absolutely smaller eggs than do much smaller females in a New Jersey population.

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King, Lauren J. "The role of tour operators in delivering a Leave No Trace program: a case study of Algonquin Provincial Park." Leisure/Loisir 39, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2015.1074401.

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35

Hall, Ronald J., and Fredric P. Ide. "Evidence of Acidification Effects on Stream Insect Communities in Central Ontario Between 1937 and 1985." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-201.

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Aquatic insect surveys were conducted in two low-alkalinity streams in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, that were first studied 48 yrs ago (1937–42). At a site where current spring pH fluctuations are small (pH 6.4–6.1), most of the same taxa that were present in 1984–85 were observed during the original surveys. However, at sites where large spring pH depressions are currently observed (pH 6.4–4.9), many mayfly and stonefly taxa that were present 48 yr ago and that are known to be intolerant of low pH (pH <5) were not recorded in 1984–85. An invasion of acid-tolerant mayfly and stonefly taxa occurred at sites with large pH depressions. Species replacements from acid-sensitive to acid-tolerant insects suggest that poorly buffered surface waters in this region have acidified sometime within the last five decades.

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Obbard, Martyn E., Erica J. Newton, Derek Potter, Andrew Orton, Brent R. Patterson, and Brad D. Steinberg. "Big enough for bears? American black bears at heightened risk of mortality during seasonal forays outside Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario." Ursus 28, no. 2 (November 2017): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2192/ursu-d-16-00021.1.

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Cook, Francis R. ""Reptiles and Amphibians of Algonquin Provincial Park" by Ronald J. Brooks, Dan Strickland, and Russell J. Rutter. 2003. [book review]." Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i3.757.

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38

Geleynse, Daniel M., Erica Nol, Dawn M. Burke, and Ken A. Elliott. "Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) demographic response to hardwood forests managed under the selection system." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 4 (April 2016): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0112.

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The Brown Creeper (Certhia americana Bonaparte, 1838) has been identified as one of the most sensitive passerines to partial forest harvest in North America. The effect of selection logging on Brown Creeper density, nest timing, nest survival, and nest and foraging site selection was examined in five silviculture treatments (intensive group selection, typical group selection, old single-tree selection, recent single-tree selection, and control forests) of Algonquin Provincial Park, Canada. As Brown Creeper nests under the bark of large, decaying trees, we hypothesized that Brown Creeper density, timing of breeding, nest survival, and nest and foraging site selection would be negatively affected by silviculture through the removal of large, decaying trees as part of providing safe conditions for loggers. We monitored 101 nests of Brown Creeper during the 2010 and 2011 breeding seasons, mapped territories to estimate density, and conducted foraging surveys. Brown Creeper density was reduced by about 42% in logged stands compared with control stands. Despite that, silviculture did not significantly alter timing of breeding or nest survival. However, the loss of large trees through partial harvesting meant that Brown Creeper nested closer to adjacent, small forested wetlands and often in balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) in treated stands. In control stands, Brown Creeper nested further from forested wetlands, disproportionately in greater numbers in upland hardwoods, and preferentially in the bark of snags of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton). The change in the species of tree used for nesting and the general forest type as a result of logging also resulted in consequences for the selection of foraging substrates. To maintain higher densities of Brown Creeper in logged stands in Algonquin Park, we recommend retaining larger diameter yellow birch, both snags and live trees, preferably within strategically located uncut reserves based on habitat supply planning, that maintains patches roughly the size of Brown Creeper territories (10 ha).

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Galbraith, David A., Brad N. White, Ronald J. Brooks, and Peter T. Boag. "Multiple paternity in clutches of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) detected using DNA fingerprints." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-044.

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Female common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) are capable of storing viable sperm for at least several months and are likely to be inseminated by more than one male. Consequently, we tested the hypothesis that multiple paternity occurred within individual clutches of three common snapping turtles from Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, by examining DNA fingerprints. Positive evidence of multiple paternity was detected among samples of offspring from two of the three clutches. In these clutches, the distributions of both paternal DNA fingerprint bands and band-sharing coefficients deviated from those expected under the assumption of a single father, suggesting that paternity was distributed between two or more males in each clutch. Multiple paternity and the ability of females to store sperm make turtles good animals in which to study sperm competition. The mating systems and life-history features of turtles should be studied with the consequences of sperm storage and multiple paternity in mind.

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40

Shirose, Leonard J., and Ronald J. Brooks. "Age structure, mortality, and longevity in syntopic populations of three species of ranid frogs in central Ontario." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 1878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-220.

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Syntopic populations of bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), green frogs (Rana clamitans), and mink frogs (Rana septentrionalis) were monitored between May and October in each of 1985 through 1987 and 1991 through 1993 in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. We assessed the descriptive and predictive utility of a dichotomous system for classification of anuran life histories by testing the hypothesis that large body size and large clutch size are associated with a survivorship curve in which mortality is highest for very small individuals. Ages of individuals were estimated from size-frequency and recapture data. Survivorship and longevity were estimated from standing age distributions smoothed with the log-polynomial method. Survivorship was also estimated by comparing the number of animals in an age-class in a given year with the number in the next age-class in the next year. Age distributions were unstable in all three species. The strengths and weaknesses of both methods of estimation of survivorship are discussed.

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Simard, Jennifer R., and John M. Fryxell. "Effects of selective logging on terrestrial small mammals and arthropods." Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-129.

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Seed productivity is maximized as trees mature, potentially increasing seed availability to consumers. Forestry practices based on the removal of single or small groups of mature trees may decrease seed productivity within harvested forest stands. We investigated the effects of selective logging by contrasting seed production and the diversity and abundance of small mammals and arthropods between hardwood forests with different logging histories in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Eight "disturbed" stands (~30 years since logged) were contrasted against eight "protected" stands (~90 years since logged). Protected stands produced significantly higher densities of seeds and supported a more diverse group of small mammals. Increased family richness of terrestrial arthropods was also detected within the protected stands. Small-mammal food addition experiments had no detectable effect on the diversity and abundance of small mammals or arthropods. These results indicate that disturbed stands have lower levels of seed production with consequent effects on the diversity and abundance of small mammals and arthropods.

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Guyette, Richard P., and William G. Cole. "Age characteristics of coarse woody debris (Pinus strobus) in a lake littoral zone." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-177.

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Littoral coarse woody debris (CWD) is a persistent class of aquatic habitat that accumulates over many centuries and provides habitat for diverse floral and faunal communities. We used dendrochronological methods to analyze residence times and age-related characteristics of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) CWD in the littoral zone of Swan Lake in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. The mean calendar date of all the annual rings in CWD samples was 1551. Annual rings dated from calendar year 1893 to 982. The mean time from carbon assimilation in a live tree to carbon loss from littoral woody debris was 443 years. Outside ring dates of the woody debris were significantly correlated with the bole's maximum and minimum diameter ratio, mass, specific gravity, length, and submergence. Negative exponential functions described the temporal structure of the CWD mass and abundance. Accelerated inputs of woody debris resulted from late nineteenth century logging and a disturbance circa 1500. No mature eastern white pine have fallen into the lake over the last 100 years.

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Brown, Gregory P., Ronald J. Brooks, and James A. Layfield. "Radiotelemetry of body temperatures of free-ranging snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) during summer." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-246.

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We wished to determine whether free-ranging snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) would use aquatic and atmospheric basking to maintain body temperature at the mean temperature (28–30 °C) selected by snapping turtles placed in a controlled aquatic thermal gradient. Body temperatures from eight adult snapping turtles in three different lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park were monitored by radiotelemetry during July and August 1987. Mean body temperature of all eight turtles over the study period was 22.7 °C, and mean temperature of every individual was well below the reported mean selected temperature for this species. The turtles did not maintain body temperatures near the available maximum environmental temperature. The mean body temperatures of the turtles were not significantly different among the three study lakes although these lakes had different physical characteristics. Similarly, there were no significant differences, among individual turtles, between air temperatures or operative environmental temperatures recorded concurrently with their body temperatures Nevertheless, mean body temperatures differed significantly among individuals; foraging tactics, metabolic rates, and home range structure may account for these differences.

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Addison, Edward M., Robert F. McLaughlin, and Jim D. Broadfoot. "Growth of moose calves (Alces alces americana) infested and uninfested with winter ticks (Dermacentor albipictus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-194.

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Captive moose calves (Alces alces americana) in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, were similar in size to most calves of the same age from other regions and of other subspecies. Their general patterns of growth were comparable to those observed for other northern cervids with an active growth phase throughout the summer and early autumn followed by a period of slow growth in winter. Maximum average daily mass gains (1.1 kg) were achieved in mid-September and were similar to those observed in other studies. Male calves were larger than females at any given age but males and females showed similar growth rates. Infestation with winter ticks (Dermacentor albipictus) may have caused a reduction in the mass gain of moose in autumn. If this occurs in the wild, heavy autumn tick infestation may predispose calves to reduced physical fitness and likelihood of survival during winter. Total length, chest girth, and shoulder height were all strongly correlated with live mass and may be valuable for estimating the live mass of moose calves under field conditions.

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Erratt, Kevin, Irena Creed, Camille Chemali, Alexandra Ferrara, Vera Tai, and Charles Trick. "Performance and competitiveness of red vs. green phenotypes of a cyanobacterium grown under artificial lake browning." Algae 36, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2021.36.7.19.

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Increasing inputs of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to northern lakes is resulting in ‘lake browning.’ Lake browning profoundly affects phytoplankton community composition by modifying two important environmental drivers—light and nutrients. The impact of increased DOM on native isolates of red and green-pigmented cyanobacteria identified as Pseudanabaena, which emerged from a Dolichospermum bloom (Dickson Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada) in 2015, were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. The genomes were sequenced to identify phylogenetic relatedness and physiological similarities, and the physical and chemical effects of increased DOM on cellular performance and competitiveness were assessed. Our study findings were that the isolated red and green phenotypes are two distinct species belonging to the genus Pseudanabaena; that both isolates remained physiologically unaffected when grown independently under defined DOM regimes; and that neither red nor green phenotype achieved a competitive advantage when grown together under defined DOM regimes. While photosynthetic pigment diversity among phytoplankton offers niche-differentiation opportunities, the results of this study illustrate the coexistence of two distinct photosynthetic pigment phenotypes under increasing DOM conditions.

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Sutton, Alex O., Dan Strickland, Nikole E. Freeman, Amy E. M. Newman, and D. Ryan Norris. "Autumn freeze-thaw events carry over to depress late-winter reproductive performance in Canada jays." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 4 (April 2019): 181754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181754.

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Evidence suggests that range-edge populations are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, but few studies have examined the specific mechanisms that are driving observed declines. Species that store perishable food for extended periods of time may be particularly susceptible to environmental change because shifts in climatic conditions could accelerate the natural degradation of their cached food. Here, we use 40 years of breeding data from a marked population of Canada jays ( Perisoreus canadensis ) located at the southern edge of their range in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, to examine whether climatic conditions prior to breeding carry over to influence reproductive performance. We found that multiple measures of Canada jay reproductive performance (brood size, nest success and nestling condition) in the late winter were negatively correlated with the number of freeze–thaw events the previous autumn. Our results suggest that freeze–thaw events have a significant detrimental impact on the quality and/or quantity of cached food available to Canada jays. Future increases in such events, caused by climate change, could pose a serious threat to Canada jays and other food caching species that store perishable foods for long periods of time.

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Ferguson, Moira M., Arunas P. Liskauskas, and Roy G. Danzmann. "Genetic and environmental correlates of variation in body weight of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-031.

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Families of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were produced from adults collected from Mykiss Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, and reared in the laboratory for 1 year. Egg size and hatching time explained a significant amount of variation among families in mean weight of hatched embryos. Heavier embryos were produced from larger eggs, and embryos with earlier hatching times were also larger. First-feeding alevins reared at higher densities were smaller than those at lower densities. Multilocus enzyme heterozygosity was neither a significant predictor of mean family body weight at any age nor significantly associated with body weight of juveniles within families. Analyzing each enzyme locus separately revealed significant effects for G3PDH-1 in two families but in different directions. Fish from two mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic assemblages, A and B, differed significantly in weight as hatched embryos and first-feeding alevins. Similarly, the progeny of different males and females differed significantly in body weight at all ages sampled. Thus, parental effects were the most persistent correlates of body size of all those examined. The statistical analyses and the nested designs suggest that variation in body weight among the progeny of specific parents can partially be attributed to genetic effects.

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Borwick, Jason, Jim Buttle, and Mark S. Ridgway. "A topographic index approach for identifying groundwater habitat of young-of-year brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the landlake ecotone." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-212.

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We used a topographic index (TI) approach to link the presence of young-of-year (YOY) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at groundwater seepage and stream sites in the landlake ecotone with subwatershed topography surrounding a set of 21 lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. A lakeshore site's TI value was positively related to the temperature difference between the substrate and lake surface, indicating higher TI values were associated with greater groundwater input. YOY brook trout tended to occupy lakeshore sites with relatively large TI values. Groundwater habitat available to YOY brook trout was relatively rare, with only a few sites used consistently on an annual basis. Larger lakes had fewer groundwater habitat sites per unit length of shoreline than smaller lakes. Logistic regression analysis and model selection (via Akaike's Information Criterion) indicated the odds of finding YOY brook trout increased significantly when a site was a stream and, in the summer, when there was a large difference in temperature between lake substrate and lake surface. Most of the stream sites used by brook trout were not on the Ontario base map system but were revealed by the TI approach.

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Liskauskas, Arunas P., and Moira M. Ferguson. "Genetic Variation and Fitness: A Test in a Naturalized Population of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 2152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-254.

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The relationship between enzyme heterozygosity and several components of fitness (size and survival) was examined in a naturalized population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Significant differences in allele frequency and the number of heterozygous loci per individual were found among five age classes spanning most of the life history stages of brook trout in this population. A young of the year (YOY) cohort sampled after a period of high natural mortality had significantly greater numbers of heterozygous loci per individual than YOY sampled shortly after emergence from redd sites. A positive association between heterozygosity and size was only found in YOY sampled in June and not in the other age classes in which sexual maturity was not a complicating factor. The association between heterozygosity and size was affected by the onset of sexual maturity. Significant negative regressions between multilocus or single locus heterozygosity and size were found in mature males whereas heterozygosity was positively associated with size in females. These dissimilarities may be the result of differences in growth rates prior to sexual maturation and differential allocation of energy towards gametic and somatic tissue.

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Galbraith, David A., and Ronald J. Brooks. "Survivorship of adult females in a northern population of common snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-247.

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Survivorship of adult female snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in a marked population in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, was estimated using recapture records and catch-curve analysis of age structure. Known mortality was less than 1% per year, and a 13-year average of survivorship was 96.6% per year. Even the conservatively biased catch-curve estimate (92.9% per year) was among the highest yet reported for any turtle population. We compared two hypotheses to account for these high values. Although not at variance with our results, we rejected Rubner's proximal "rate of living" hypothesis because of lack of any other evidence that this process operates in reptiles. The second hypothesis was that high survivorship was the consequence of specific demographic features in a bet-hedging life-history strategy. Females would be more successful, given the high and stochastic clutch mortality and lack of predation on adults in this northern population, if they produced smaller clutches over many years than if they produced larger clutches over fewer years. This suite of characteristics may have allowed for the establishment of this northern population, or the high survivorship of adult females in this population may be an evolved response in the direction predicted by bet-hedging theory.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Algonquin Provincial Park (Ont.)'

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