Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Algues – France'
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Pennarun, Anne-Laure. "Arômes et précurseurs aromatiques de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas en relation avec différents régimes alimentaires : Étude d'un régime issu de microalgues et d'un régime issu de microcapsules d'acide gras." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2050.
Full textOppliger, Zan Luz Valeria. "Reproduction des grandes algues brunes des côtes Chiliennes et Bretonnes en marge de leur aire de distribution." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.sb-roscoff.fr/images/stories/sbr/Edition-communication/theses/PHD-Thesis-oppliger.pdf.
Full textPlouguerné, Erwan. "Étude écologique et chimique de deux algues introduites sur les côtes bretonnes, Grateloupia turuturu Yamada et Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt : nouvelles ressources biologiques de composés à activité antifouling." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2046.
Full textThe invasive algae Grateloupia turuturu and Sargassum muticum were chosen as models of this study. The aims of this work were i) to understand the population biology of G. Turuturu and S. Muticum and their adaptation strategies in novel habitats, ii) to determinate if their adaptation strategies were related to the development of a chemical defence based on antifouling compounds synthesis, iii) to characterize metabolites involved in this chemical defence and produced by the two algae. Lien, a pluridisciplinary study was carried out including an ecological survey of the two invasive algae at three field sites selected along the coast of French Brittany, a screening of the antifouling activity of extracts from G. Turuturu and £ muticum, and a chemical work in order to isolate and identify compounds present in the active extracts. Results allow us to better understand the population biology of G. Turuturu and S. Muticum and to higlight the impact of environmental parameters on variables studied in both species. Antifouling tests highlighted the dichloromethane extract from G. Turuturu and the chloroform extract from S. Muticum as the most actives. The chemical work led to the isolation of cholesteryl formate from G. Turuturu and to the identification of hydrocarbons, free fatty acids and galactoglycerolipids from S. Muticum. All these compounds showed antifouling activities against several strains of bacteria implicated in microfouling
Hellio, Claire. "Recherche de nouvelles substances à activité anti-fouling à partir de macro-algues du littoral breton." La Rochelle, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LAROS054.
Full textGrulois, Daphné. "Etude de la dispersion et du recrutement à différentes échelles spatiales chez Undaria pinnatifida, une macro-algue introduite le long des côtes bretonnes." Paris 6, 2010. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01111061.
Full textPosada, Florence. "Dynamique des populations, croissance et absorption des sels nutritifs des populations fixées d'Ulva rigida C. Agardh (étang de Thau, Sète, France)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30033.
Full textFayolle, Stéphanie. "Réponses des communautés végétales strictement aquatiques (algues et macrophytes) aux perturbations hydrodynamiques (débits réservés, restitutions) en Durance aménagée (Sud-Est de la France)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30025.
Full textRebillard, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à la connaissance de l'écologie du fleuve Charente : étude de la physico-chimie des eaux, des algues et de l'activité bactérienne en aval d'Angoulême." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Rebillard.Jean_Pierre.SMZ9948.pdf.
Full textThe present study is aimed at providing (i) accurate data on the relationships between phytoplankton and bacteria responses to varying loading levels of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter, and (ii) insight into the denitrification process from in situ experiments. The low developpment of phytoplankton was unlikely to be accounted for by the prevailing hydrodynamic, trophic and light conditions, all indeed favouring its growth, therefore competion processes were thougth to exist between diverse plant standing stocks. Regarding the bacterial compartment, a significant increase in biomass and activity was also manifest downstream of Angoulême's sewage effluent discharges. Bacteria associated to such urban effluents were characterized by both physiological features (high ratio, i. E. 20, for leucine to thymidine incorporation rates) and morphological features (high biovolume, i. E. Higher 0. 2 [mu]m3) far distinct from those displayed by autochthonous bacteria (i. E. Mean cellular volume fo roughly 0,15 [mu]m3 and low leucine : thymidine ratio of approx. 10). The present investigation, however, gave no evidence of signifiant relations betweeen phytoplanktonic and bacterial communities. Indeed, allochthonous supplies of organic matter were merely shown to meet bacterial carbon requirements sufficiently so that no further substantial supply by primary production (in terms of excretion or algal exudates) was needed to enable bacteria to develop. The denitrification process resulting in nitrogen losses as nitrogen gas (NH2), it was clearly pointed out that if such a denitrification process did not occur in the whole water column, its rate at the water-sediment interface might be considered as constant and independant from variations in temperature, nitrate contents and dissolved oxygen levels at the interface. Then, the annual mean rate of denitrification in the River Charente levelled off at 682 mgNO3/m2/j bejond any marked environmental influence
Chatterjee, Arnab. "Rôle des micro-algues benthiques dans la zone côtière : biomasse, biodiversité, productivité." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0005/document.
Full textThe most important primary producer groups of the coastal zones are suspended phytoplankton cells (Pannard et al, 2008) and microphytobenthos (MPB) (Woelfel et al., 2010). In these regions, phytoplankton and benthic microalgae are both recognized as being principal components of the diet for economically important suspension-feeding fauna (Gillespie et al., 2000). However, although phytoplankton has been vastly documented, MPB is often understudied.In sufficient light for photosynthesis they can inhabit the top few centimeters of the substrate layers (mud or sand) of marine sediment (Charpy and Charpy-Roubaud 1990, MacIntyre et al. 1996, MacIntyre and Cullen 1996) and play an important role as a food source for higher trophic levels (Revsbech et al. 1981, Sorokin 1991, Charpy and Charpy-Roubaud 1990 ). Benthic microalgal biomass mostly follows a similar distribution to the total organic matter content of surficial sediments indicating that sediment geochemical processes such as nutrient release from the breakdown of organic matter may be important in determining the distribution of MPB (Light, 1998). However, on the other hand, though not proportional with the MPB biomass, benthic production can even surpass the pelagic contribution (Underwood and kromkamp, 1999). With their ability of high primary production benthic microalgal communities can profoundly influence the flux, transformation and turnover of carbon and nutrients in coastal areas. Benthic primary producers contribute to the availability of energy and matter for benthic and pelagic food webs and define benthic and pelagic energy budgets, which affect the chemistry at the sediment-water interface, and regulate sediment stability. The shallow waters, where MPB thrives, allow a more direct interaction between pelagic and benthic processes keeping the benthos much less susceptible to physical and biochemical disturbances such as evaporation, eutrophication, and wind-forcing (Molen, 2011). Because attached microalgae can avoid advective processes and adapt to changes in light availability at short time scales, their importance is particularly enhanced (Phinney, 2004). As a result of the impact that MPB carries in a coastal ecosystem, along with the study of the functional role of MPB, investigations on their diversity have also gained some importance in the last two decades (Sundbaeck & Joensson, 1988; Blanchard, 1990; Montagna et al., 1995). Like phytoplankton, MPB communities can also act as sensitive indicators of water quality as the taxonomic composition of MPB assemblages can vary as per different nutrient levels (Lange-Bertalot, 1979; Kann, 1986). However, although the importance of MPB has been emphasized on intertidal zones (Pinckney & Zingmark, 1993; Colijn & De Jonge, 1984; Herman et al., 2000), the subtidal zones have generally been ignored till yet on this regard and as a result of which not much is known about the MPB dynamics in the subtidal zones. The subtidal zone of Bay of Brest was chosen for this study because there had been comprehensive input of nitrates to the zone in the past century .This zone has being amazingly resistant to eutrophication for quite some time, although silicate and nitrate ratio got down during the past 20 years. Research has been done previously on the spatial distribution of MPB in the zone in terms of primary productivity and biomass, but in order to achieve a more holistic view of these important photoautotrophs, a temporal study is necessary as well. The objectives of this work have been to characterize the temporal distribution of MPB in terms of biomass, productivity and biodiversity in the subtidal zone of Bay of Brest on a monthly scale, assess a comparative reasoning between MPB and the phytoplankton of the overlying water column complying on the same factors and draw an understanding on the significance of seasonal fluctuations of MPB in the overall seasonal distribution of photoautotrophs. […]
Barberousse, Hélène. "Etude de la diversité des algues et des cyanobactéries colonisant les revêtements de façade en France et recherche des facteurs favorisant leur implantation." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188566.
Full textParadoxalement, les algues microscopiques et les cyanobactéries constituant ces biofilms sont peu connues en France. La première approche de ce projet a donc consisté à prélever des fractions de revêtements de façade colonisés afin d'identifier les micro-organismes s'y développant. 22 espèces d'algues et 25 espèces de cyanobactéries ont ainsi été observées dans les 71 prélèvements analysés, les algues étant dominantes sur tous types de matériaux.
Les facteurs favorisant l'implantation et le développement de ces micro-organismes ont ensuite été étudiés. Un traitement statistique des données environnementales recueillies lors de la campagne d'échantillonnage a ainsi mis en évidence l'importance des facteurs climatiques liés à l'humidité, des facteurs permettant la dissémination des spores, tels que le vent ou la proximité de végétation, ainsi que l'importance de la nature du support colonisé. Cette dernière observation a pu être approfondie grâce à l'utilisation d'un banc d'essai permettant l'évaluation simultanée de différents matériaux quant à leur colonisation par des algues et des cyanobactéries isolées en façade au cours de cette étude. Ces essais ont montré que des facteurs tels que la porosité, la rugosité et le pH de surface des matériaux influent sur la colonisation par ces micro-organismes.
En parallèle, afin d'envisager le développement de matériaux défavorisant l'accroche des micro-organismes, les mécanismes d'adhésion d'une sélection d'algues sur des surfaces modèles ont été étudiés à l'aide d'une cellule à flux laminaire. Les surfaces hydrophiles ont provoqué le plus faible taux d'adhésion. L'exploitation de ces résultats a également mis en évidence l'initiation d'interactions hydrophobes et électrostatiques lors du processus d'adhésion.
Finalement, les polymères extracellulaires produits par une sélection de micro-organismes isolés en façade ont été analysés. Ils ont ainsi montré être de nature polysaccharidique, anionique et plus ou moins hydrophobe selon les souches les sécrétant. L'adsorption d'un polymère d'une souche de Klebsormidium flaccidum, algue verte dominante en façades en France, a été plus importante et plus forte sur des surfaces hydrophobes que sur des surfaces hydrophiles. En outre, la dégradation enzymatique des polymères de cette même souche tend à diminuer l'adhésion sur surface hydrophobe. Ces observations confirment donc l'hypothèse d'une intervention des polymères extracellulaires dans l'étape de contact du micro-organisme avec une surface, puis lors de l'étape de consolidation de cette adhésion, par le biais d'interactions hydrophobes et sans doute électrostatiques.
Bresc-Litzler, Sophie. "Les algues : cultures, territoires et enjeux en France, aux Etats-Unis et en Chine : géographie d'une ressource à cultiver en mer et à terre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010559/document.
Full textOur work is an original research that brings a new study example to the geography of sea and coastlines. We propose to describe and analyze the spatial and economic dynamics of a singular type of aquaculture: seaweed farming. Seaweed farming is a significant research area in coastal geography as well as in the geography of food and energy. We sought to identify the different scales of territories organized for the production of both macro- and microalgae. To conduct this research, we chose three study countries : China, the largest producer of macroalgae, France, where traditional production is being adapted to a new commercial and industrial demand, and finally the United States, where most innovations in the field of microalgae are made. This thesis has a cross- and forward-looking approach and is based on different research methods: field surveys on production sites, interviews with stakeholders, researchers, and distributors, bibliographic research at the intersection of the biological and social sciences. The study of crops, territories and issues of seaweed farming progresses along a three-step analysis: first, the presentation of algae farming (macro and microalgae) in its global and regional production with the production methods, second the analysis of the algae value chains, showing the development of local equipment and installations, and the investment of authorities in the territories of reference. Finally, we explore algae as a resource involved in energy, environmental and food issues of the twenty-first century
Lemesle, Stéphanie. "Bioindicateurs du milieu marin : utilisation des macroalgues comme outil d’évaluation de la qualité biologique des eaux marines : réponse à une problématique d’échouages d’algues." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2028.
Full textTo limit and prevent the degradation of the coastal ecosystems, it is necessary to develop tools for monitoring the quality of marine environment. The potential of seaweeds for coastal water quality bioindication was evaluated in the context of seaweed beachings in Grandcamp-Maisy and Courseulles-sur-Mer (Calvados). These summer season accumulations are heterogenous in quantity and quality (a mixture of Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta and Chlorophyta species) and are originated from large rocky shores highly colonized. However, the algal biodiversity of these rocky plateaus was relatively poor due to the low bathymetry and to the wide sandy beaches. The assessment of the state of algal communities with the REBENT indicator « intertidal macroalgae » revealed a “Medium” quality of coastal waters largely due to the specificity of Calvados shores. An evaluation of coastal water quality protocol more suitable named QUEROSA, was also developed. An in situ fine-scale survey of biological parameters (δ15N, nitrogen content, δ13C) of six seaweeds species was conducted on the two stranding sites in 2012 and 2013. In contrast to oceanic (Chausey archipelago) and highly anthropized (Seine estuary) reference points, a similar temporal dynamics of δ15N signatures has been highlighted at the two study sites with low δ15N in spring suggesting inputs of agricultural nitrogen and high δ15N in late summer linked to inputs of regenerated nitrogen from decomposition of seaweed beachings. The comparison of in situ δ15N of different seaweeds species coupled with an in vitro study have shown the relevance of using each algal species as bioindicator of nitrogen pollution
Pille, Lucie. "Foraminifères et algues calcaires du Mississippien supérieur (Viséen supérieur-Serpukhovien) : rôles biostratigraphique, paléoécologique et paléogéographique aux échelles locale, régionale et mondiale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10028/document.
Full textThe foraminifers, the important proxies in the Late Mississippian carbonate lenses of southem France, belong nearly exclusively to the Fusulinata class. The Mississippian foraminifers are especiaIly endobenthic forms and rare epiphytes. Height new regionaI bizones are defined: SFI (latest Asbian), SF2 (Asbian/Brigantian boundary), SF3 (earliest Brigantian), SF4 (early Brigantian), SF5 (late Brigantian), SF6 (Brigantian/Serpukhovian boundary), SF7 (early Serpukhovian), SF 8 (late Serpukhovian). A comparative paleobathymetry of the microbialitic buildups indicates: a Saccamminopsis stage (in the disphotic zone); a Frustulata stage (between the disphotic and euphotic zones); the opportunistic foraminifers (in the lower euphotic zone); the Fasciella, Renalcis and foraminifers zone in the upper euphotic zone. At the top ofbioconstructions, there are lagoons with a great biodiversity offoraminifers and algae. The homogenous populations of Tethyan foraminifers are found, during the Mississippian, from Nova Scotia (Canada) to Japan. Thanks to the Uralian seaway, these populations attain the North-Alaska. The algal population is more endemic and permits to suggest that Montagne Noire constitutes at least during Brigantien an isolated microplate. This unit is denominated Province with Eovelebitella or Eovelebitelland. It is located between the northem supercontinent North. Euramerica (where different Blocks: Avallonia, Armorica and Baltica are connected) and the southem supercontinent which is the traditionally reconstructed Gondwana. More than fourty foraminiferal and algal taxa are introduced as Domina nuda and will be officially re-described in further publications
Zinoun, Mustapha. "Études biochimiques des polysaccharides pariétaux produits par deux Gigartinales (Rhodophycées) des côtes de la Manche, in situ et en cultures contrôlées : Calliblepharis jubata et Gigartina teedii." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD608.
Full textSagan, Gaëlle. "Typologie et dynamique des communautés de diatomées benthiques dans l'écosystème mégatidal de la baie du Mont Saint Michel." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10152.
Full textPicard, Virginie. "Structure et dynamique du potamoplancton de la Loire moyenne (France) en période de basses eaux." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21424.
Full textLe, Gall Line. "Etudes biologiques, biochimiques et cellulaires de Palmata palmaria (Rhodophyta) : Applications biotechnologiques à l'aquaculture." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2042.
Full textBen, Maïz Naceur. "Flore algale (Rhodophyta, Phaeophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bryopsidophyceae) de l'Etang de Thau (Hérault)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22057.
Full textEl, Mostafa Benmoussa. "Ecologie des communautés périphytiques : étude en laboratoire et en milieu naturel des conditions de développement et des caractéristiques de fonctionnement de trois types de biodermes." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30279.
Full textRolland, Thierry. "Adaptation des méthodes d'échantillonnage et d'analyse en rivières méditerranéennes du Sud-est de la France : étude de l'hétérogénéité spatio-temporelle de l'épilithon et de la dérive algale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30071.
Full textHadjadji, Imene. "Caractérisation de la diversité génétique et écophysiologique d' Alexandrium catenella/tamarense au Nord (France) et au Sud Ouest (Algérie) de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20140/document.
Full textAmong the genera responsible for harmful algal blooms, the genus Alexandrium is certainly one of the most important in terms of diversity, distribution and significance of impacts. In this thesis we tried to understand the introduction and factors favoring the establishment and recurrence of Alexandrium catenella / tamarense blooms by comparing these events in two contrasting trophic sites: Thau lagoon in France and the Bay of Annaba in Algeria. To better understand the environmental determinism promoting this phenomenon, a comparative study was conducted using data collected in the field during a monthly parallel monitoring during the 2010-2011 year and the data available in the literature. Comparison of physicochemical parameters between the two study sites indicates that over a period of 18 years, the major common change that coincides with the appearance of Alexandrium catenella is the sharp decrease in concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus, which can limit growth of other organisms and thus promote the development of this species. In this work we developed a protocol for the establishment of monoclonal cultures from sediments by which we got for the first time thirty Alexandrium strains from Annaba bay. Morphological analysis and ribotyping performed on these strains showed that it is Alexandrium catenella group IV (temperate Asia clade). The analysis revealed that toxin concentrations and toxin composition of these strains are quite similar to that of A. catenella from Thau. In this thesis we also looked at the role that intraspecific diversity can play in the dynamics of blooms within the complex Alexandrium catenella / tamarense. Comparisons of growth rates, lag phases, capacity for growth on different culture media investigated among several strains of Alexandrium tamarense of Thau, revealed a high intraspecific diversity of parameters tested. The toxin profile and the growth of many strains of Alexandrium catenella from Annaba bay also showed considerable variability. The results of our study suggest that intraspecific diversity plays a key role along with certain environmental conditions for the survival against selection pressures and allows the sustainability of Alexandrium blooms and their propagation within different ecosystems
Robvieux, Pauline. "Conservation des populations de Cystoseira en régions Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur et Corse." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876899.
Full textCesmat, Ludovic. "Etude des processus hydrodynamiques et écophysiologiques de la dynamique d'une algue invasive, Valonia aegagropila (C. Agardh) dans la lagune de Salses-Leucate." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20203.
Full textSince 1980, the expansion of a green macro-alga: Valonia aegagropila (C Agardh) is observed in Salses-Leucate lagoon (France). It is currently distributed in the north of the lagoon with important biomasses (40 gDW/m²) eroding the cover of Zostera noltii. The free form of the alga can be transported with the surface or bottom currents depending on seasons. It multiplies mainly by vegetative reproduction. There are few studies on the ecophysiological capacities of V. Aegagropila. This work tries to answer why (physiological adaptation) and how (mechanical process of transport) the alga invaded the lagoon, with an approach including observations, experiments in controlled environment and biological and hydrodynamic models. The growth capacities depend on temperature and light intensities, the nutrients absorption rates and internal nitrogen and phosphorus internal quotas were measured and modelled using a Droop model based on internal quota. Vertically transport was studied with laboratory experiments and measurements of biomass transport were made into the lagoon. The biological model (growth, vertical transport, mortality) was coupled to the MARS 3D hydrodynamic model with a meshgrid of 160m. The results show an adaptation of the alga to low availability of phosphorus and an annual growth of biomass controlled by the availability of nutrient during winter. The alga seems to occupy the whole zones where growth is optimal and the risk of invasion of the southern part of the lagoon is limited. This work opens on research prospects on an ecological model (confronting physiological capacities and competition of V. Aegagropila, Zostera noltii, green algae and primary production), new physiological experiments, ecological observations and potential valorisation of V. Aegagropila
DIAS, Elizabeth de Assis. "Alguns aspectos do conceito de razão em Voltaire." Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/280920.
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O nosso trabalho, pressupondo que existe um conceito de razão consolidado pelo movimento iluminista que fez com que o século XVIII se auto-denominasse "século da razão", "século da filosofia", etc., pretende investigá-lo. Nossa análise vincula-se à vertente francesa considerada a mais representativa do período, e elegemos Voltaire, por ser ele um dos mais acerbas defensores do uso esclarecido e livre da razão. A definição do caráter dessa racionalidade é quase sempre escamoteada, não chegando nem mesmo a ser tratada pela maioria dos estudiosos da época. O que freqüentemente eles procuram ressaltar a respeito desse século é que ele é impregnado por uma fé na razão, na capacidade intelectiva do homem que, somente através dela pode conseguir sua auto-libertação. Aceitando esta caracterização da filosofia das luzes, preocupamo-nos com um problema premente: de que razão se trata? Pois estamos conscientes de que a palavra "razão" há muito tempo deixou de ser um conceito simples e univoco. Basta percorrer a História da filosofia para constatar as mudanças de sentido que o termo "razão" sofreu no transcurso de sua existência. Se o século XVIII reivindica para si a adjetivação de "século da razão", "século das luzes," cabe-nos indagar: Qual a procedência desta racionalidade? Onde podemos encontrar o traço característico e distintivo desta designação? Como entender o sentido desta iluminação? Ao discutir essas questões, pretendemos sustentar que a razão, tal como foi concebida por Voltaire, era um pensamento de base empírico-experimental cujas origens não se encontram sobremodo no cartesianismo, mas na Física newtoniana e na Filosofia de Locke. Para elucidarmos o caráter da razão em Voltaire, analisamos criteriosamente sua obra fragmentária e procedemos como quem monta um quebra-cabeça, encaixando peça por peça, de modo a encontrar um fio condutor ou elementos que indicassem uma certa coesão de idéias. Não pretendemos, nos limites estreitos deste trabalho, esgotar todas as nuanças que a razão assumiu no seu pensamento, mas apenas indicar alguns de seus traços, orientações e apresentar alguns temas imbricados neste conceito. Como Voltaire é complexo e sua obra, imensa, tivemos que eleger algumas de suas obras que consideramos mais relevantes para o nosso estudo, como: o Tratado de metafísica., O filósofo ignorante, as Cartas filosóficas, o Dicionário filosófico, os Elementos da filosofia de Newton, o Tratado sobre a Tolerância e outras obras menores cujas referências serão registradas em notas de pé de página. Não nos esquecemos de consultar seus romances e contos, como Cândido, Micrômegas, e poemas de natureza mais filosófica, como Sobre o desastre de Lisboa, Sobre a lei natural, Discurso em verso sobre o homem. Mas o estudo de sua correspondência foi fundamental para elucidarmos certos aspectos de seu pensamento que não estavam muito bem delineados em suas obras. Gostaríamos de fazer uma última observação sobre as citações transcritas de obras que foram escritas nas línguas francesa ou inglesa. No corpo do trabalho, procuramos apresentar uma tradução própria ou de algum tradutor abalizado, que será identificado nas referências bibliográficas.
Garineaud, Clément. "Récolter la mer : des savoirs et des pratiques des collecteurs d'algues à la gestion durable des ressources côtières dans le Finistère (Bretagne)." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0004/document.
Full textAfter several cycles over the course of past centuries, seaweed harvesting in Finistere is once again experiencing a revival and emerging as a promising sector. Beyond socio-economic transformations, it is also faced with current issues of biodiversity conservation and the sharing of maritime space. How can human activity and preservation of the environment be reconciled? The mobilized ethnoecological approach looks at resource management by local communities through their engagement - practices, traditional ecological knowledge, and representations. The aim of this thesis is thus twofold: understanding the dynamics of seaweed harvesters' engagement, and understanding how they mobilize and cope with current issues. Through ethnographic survey and ethnoecological methods, the scientific, social, and administrative frameworks were investigated diachronically to understand the context and the issue. The identity of the collectors were studied through both 'administrative statuses' as well as five profiles that emerged from the data. This diversity in forms of engagement is reflected in the sensory perceptions mobilized during harvesting, in the vernacular classifications of seaweed, and in how space is apprehended. The analysis of these three dimensions reveals a rich body of 'intimate', 'embodied', and 'situated' knowledge that is inextricable from practices relating to seaweed, aquatic environments, and ecosystem dynamics. Finally, various elements across knowledge and representations shed light on conflicts and illustrate the influence of science and industry on collectors. The climate event that took place during the winter of 2013–2014, for example, left an impact on seaweed resources and forced collectors to adapt. It revealed the interplay between actors of the various sectors and the composite (or even hybrid) nature of their engagement, a first step towards co-management
Yang, Yi. "Contribution à l'évaluation économique des marées vertes." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0122/document.
Full textDue to seasonal blooms of green macro-algae belonging to the ulvaceae family, green tides are part of the larger class of harmful algal blooms (HAB), which has developed worldwide at a high rate during the last three decades, favoured by the eutrophisation of coastal waters due to human activities. The massive accumulation of seaweeds on the shore resulting from green tides generates a variety of damages to market and non-market activities, and is a potential threat to human health. In the same time, green algae are a natural resource that may be turned into a variety of valuable products through industrial processing. R&D programs devoted to this subject have been launched in countries subject to green tides, such as China and France.The subject of this dissertation is the economic assessment of green tides, in a cost-benefit perspective. To this end, it studies the costs of green tides for private agents and public bodies, as well as the benefits due to the processing of algae.The dissertation relies on two case studies, one in China (Yellow Sea), and the other in France (Brittany). Chapter 1 and chapter 2 are dedicated to the case of the green tides that have developed each spring in the Yellow Sea and reached the southern shore of the Shandong province during the last decade. Chapter 1 investigates the bio-economic mechanisms of these episodes, their economic consequences, public management policies, and stakeholders’ perceptions. Chapter 2 tries to quantify the social cost of green tides, including management costs (minus benefits generated by green algae processing) and residual costs to market and non-market activities. Chapter 3 relies on the Brittany case, and focuses on the economic consequences of green algae industrial processing. Making use of a regionalized input-output table, it estimates, at various geographical scales, the economic impact of a program concerning the industrial processing of algae that are collected during the green tides on the Brittany shoreline
Dias, Elizabeth de Assis. "Alguns aspectos do conceito de razão em Voltaire." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280920.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Nao informado
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Doutor em Filosofia
Merzelkad, Rym. "L' ensemble immobilier « Climat de France » à Alger : contribution à l’histoire de la pensée urbaine et architecturale de Fernand Pouillon en Algérie." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100198.
Full textThe work of late Fernand Pouillon seems to be considerable by its themes diversity that he treated with and the variety of constructions. We have hotels, houses, halls of residence, libraries, stations, schools, etc. Three major sites located in Algeria, France and Iran can cover most of his production. Our research is about the work that the architect has done in Algiers, including the abundance of architectural and urban production from 1953 to 1984. In the first period (1953-1959) and on the initiative of Jacques Chevallier (then mayor of Algiers), the specific action of F. Pouillon consisted of conducting a housing program spread over three sites (Diar El Saada, Diar El Mahçoul, Climat de France). In these, F. Pouillon radically changed his principals in terms of habitat, convinced that the resolution of urban problems lie in the care of indigenous people and the integration of all social groups regardless of their ethnicity or their background. Recognizing all the questions raised by the reflections of the modern movement. F. Pouillon recreated the urban and friendly atmosphere of the ancient cities, their traditional spaces, streets, squares, volumes and facades. Generating on the way, in his projects, an ownership of context and a contrast between monumental spaces and spaces on a human scale. In the second period after independence (1965-1984): F. Pouillon carries out projects on behalf of the Ministry of Tourism. These projects are the result of a policy aimed to develop the Algerian coast with hotel facilities. He created a more picturesque architecture. This doctoral research is motivated by some fear felt about the future of our recent heritage. We conducted a thought on a city located in the centre of Algiers city. Thus we choosed to study the city "climat de France" it was conducted in a particular context having a remarkable urban and architectural potential. In effect, "Climat de France" is designed as an urban housing project with its own hierarchy of streets and squares. The city reveals itself as a "city" or a "piece of a city" with a housing design not limited to add a number of units but rather to have an interdependent buildings over a range of clear and homogeneous space. By means of our work, we found that the city "Climat de France" deserves to be upgraded as a national heritage recent. We tried to register in one of the various problems of rehabilitation and as a result, we began a reflection on urban regeneration according to its urban, architectural, social, economic and legal aspects. Beyond the intrinsic qualities of the architecture of F. Pouillon, his technical invention and mastery of his formal language, is his ability to manage the urban dimension with the simplest means of expression that lead to creation of contextualized settlements. This is probably one of the few architects of the post-war that managed to produce real parts of town and create well-defined public spaces, like this it is still possible to observe today in the three cities of Algiers. The proposed research is an attempt to reveal the attitudes of an urban work at the base of F. Pouillon works in Algiers, so to better understand what the architect continues to transmit to us after thirty years of intense work
Génot, Patrick. "Les chlorophycees calcaires du paleogene d'europe nord-occidentale (bassin de paris, bretagne, cotentin, bassin de mons)." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2060.
Full textFlores, Espinoza Javier. "Algunas observaciones sobre el Diario histórico de Sebastián Franco de Melo y la rebelión de Huarochirí de 1750." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122169.
Full textThéoleyre, Malcolm. "Musique arabe, folklore de France ? : musique, politique et communautés musiciennes en contact à Alger durant la période coloniale (1862-1962)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0038/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we seek to demonstrate that the history of music in Algiers from the 1860s to independence must be apprehended in terms of meeting and transfers between European and indigenous musical expressions. Characterized by live performance and being a point of contact, musical practice has been understood, as early as the beginning of the 20th century, as a means to create and tighten ties between communities; a purpose to which many actors of civil society have worked, increasingly supported by public authorities. Rubbed together, the different musical genres were modelled and consolidated, so that the Algiers’s so-called “Andalusian” musical tradition was, in fact, shaped by the dialogue between Europeans and indigenes. Thus, from 1862 to 1962, one can speak of Algerian music’s “franco-muslim” path; a path which reveals that the historical significance of Algerian independence in the field of music is as limited as its memorial weight is overwhelming in contemporary nationalist narratives on Algerian music. However, the Algiers musical case might be more telling from a cultural history of modern France point of view: it shows – surprisingly? – that in France, multiculturalism is not tied to imperialism. If one considers for a moment that Algiers, from 1862 to 1962, is not fundamentally “colonial”, admits that it has for a time shared a common destiny with the hexagone, and yields to the fact that it hosted a genuine cultural policy aimed at the promotion of diversity, one is led to wonder if Jacobinism, as is often said, is consubstantial to France
Andrade, Daniela Elias Goulart de. ""Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças de escolas públicas e privadas do ensino fundamental da cidade de Franca-SP e alguns fatores de risco associados"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-18092006-162308/.
Full textOver the last decades, the significant increase of the prevalence of obesity in developed and developing countries has become one of the most important public health problems. The relevance of the diagnostic and treatment of obesity during early ages is justified, because it contributes to metabolic changes that are more severe in higher obesity levels and earlier installation periods. The goal of this study was to evaluate eating habits, physical activity and social and economical environment of elementary school students, factors which possibly influence obesity and require intervention by means of an eating education program before the disease gets even worse. 492 students from 1a to 4a grades of private, local and state elementary schools were evaluated in Franca-SP, through nutritional assessment, collection of anthropometrical data (weight and height) and application of a survey about eating habits, physical activity and socioeconomic conditions developed by the examiners. It was noticed that 59.6% of the observed children had normal nutritional conditions; 15.8% were classified as underweight and 24.6 were classified as overweight, where 11.6% were considered overweight and 13.0%, obese. The data confirm literature, although the prevalence of obesity seems to be higher than the last findings. It has been verified that, even without statistic association, in our sample the boys were more obese than girls, what has been corroborated by the literature. There was an association between the socioeconomic level and the prevalence of overweight, mostly in private schools (37.4%) when comparing to state schools (23.7%) and municipal schools (18.9%) (p=0,004). It is important to highlight that 28.0% of obese subjects attend private schools. Among 492 children studied, 56.5% practiced only the sport activities offered in the school program. The subjects who were classified as with normal nutritional conditions/ underweight used to practice physical activities in a more satisfactory frequency (68.6%) if compared to the classified as overweight/obese (34.4%). Regarding to eating habits, the eating preferences to 38.4% were provisions of the extra energetic group and 72.9% chose as the least appreciated the food belonging to the regulatory group. There was not an association between the quality of the food during the meals throughout the day, however this fact does not indicate that the childrens feeding is adequate. The information that overweight is reflected in ¼ of the studied population, that sedentary lifestyle is a reality to most of the children, that their food preferences are meals with extra energetic supply, while, those who are vitamin suppliers, mineral supplement and fibers are less preferred, brings great concern, requiring the development of a program to motivate the practice of physical activity and eating reeducation with the studied children and their families, aiming at reducing the obesity rates and at preventing that it remains on this population.
Boumadjene, Saliha. "La vie quotidienne des personnes âgées atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer vivant à domicile : une approche anthropologique et comparative Montpellier (France) - Alger (Algérie)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30089.
Full textThis research examines the daily lives of seniors with Alzheimer's disease living at home. The social group "elderly Alzheimer 'newly identified, appears to be a serious challenge to overcome for the whole of society. Through an anthropological approach, which explores and compares the daily lives of sick people living in Montpellier to that of people living in Algiers, we were able to distinguish certain features of similarity and divergence. Depletion of informal caregivers (family) is more pronounced among caregivers Algeria, because of the lack of professional help. On the other hand, in France, they benefit from a broadly diversified institutional support, while the Algerian side the strong family support compensates for the virtual absence of mechanisms to help the elderly. This research is not representative of the entire population affected by Alzheimer's disease but the goal is to introduce new ways of thinking about a social group that continues to grow in a context marked by changes demographic and chronic diseases related to high age
Djedouani, Rakem Sahar. "Mutations urbaines et stratégies de renouvellement dans deux villes-ports méditeranéennes : le cas de Marseille et Alger." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002255620204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis research is focused on the latest urban mutations and strategy of revival in two Mediterranean port cities : Marseille and Algiers. The whole issue which is based on the city/port interaction is based on three main lines : the process of "metropolisation", the urban project as a factor of urban mutation and the emergence of central spaces as territories bringing a urban revival. The work is an evaluation of the role of both cities in their urban systems, their potentialities as well as the developed strategies to enable them to find their place in the world system. It draws up an inventory of the central spaces as well as the different ways od intervention which have come one after the other and the logic which have underlined them. Equally, the role of actors, the operational tools, the partnership strategies and the various processes of consultation between the different parties involved in the planning operations
Silva, Eduardo Rosa da. "Um estudo sobre algumas edições do Tratado da gravura de Abraham Bosse." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21275.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP
The objective of this research is to verify, among the traditions related to the treaties and manuals, the pathway of a French treatrise on tecniques of engraving, until Portuguese translation. It will be investigated the relevance of this work translated into Portuguese with the title Tratado da Gravura à Água-Forte e a Buril e em Maneira Negra com o modo de construir as Prensas Modernas e de Imprimir em Talho-Doce (Treatise of Engraving, Etching, and Mezzotint with the way of building the Modern Presses and Printing Copper Plates), by Priest José Joaquim Viegas Menezes and published in 1801 in the Arco do Cego’s Typography, Lisbon. The hypothesis that the Portuguese version is based on De la Manière de Graver à L'eau Forte et au Burin, a treatise on French engraving amplified by Charles Nicolas Cochin and edited in the year 1758, guided this study. This research involved a comparison of Abraham Bosse's original treatise of 1645 with the three subsequent French editions, 1701, 1745, 1758, and the edition produced in Portugal in 1801. The changes and updates in relation to the content and the images were analyzed, verifying that the Portuguese edition of 1801 presents few changes in relation to the French text of 1758
O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar dentre as tradições relacionadas aos tratados e manuais, o percurso de uma publicação francesa sobre as práticas artesanais da gravura em metal, até sua tradução realizada. Será investigada a relevância dessa obra traduzida para o português com o título, Tratado da Gravura à Água-Forte e a Buril e em Maneira Negra com o modo de construir as Prensas Modernas e de Imprimir em Talho-Doce, pelo Padre José Joaquim Viegas Menezes e publicada em 1801 na Tipografia do Arco do Cego. A hipótese de que a versão portuguesa, se baseia no De la Manière de Graver à L'eau Forte et au Burin, tratado da gravura francês ampliado por Charles Nicolas Cochin e editado no ano de 1758, guiou este estudo. O caminho desta pesquisa envolveu a comparação do tratado original de Abraham Bosse de 1645, com as três edições francesas subsequentes, 1701, 1745, 1758 e a edição produzida em Portugal em 1801. Foram analisadas as mudanças e atualizações em relação ao conteúdo e às imagens, verificando-se que a edição portuguesa de 1801 apresenta poucas alterações em relação ao texto francês de 1758
Borghi, Thiago Henrique [UNESP]. "Farinha de algas marinhas (schizochytrium sp.) na alimentação de cordeiros confinados: desempenho, digestibilidade e qualidade da carcaça e da carne." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153497.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, os parâmetros quantitativos da carcaça e os qualitativos e sensoriais da carne de cordeiros Ile de France terminados em confinamento, recebendo dietas com crescentes inclusões de farinha de algas marinhas. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros não castrados com aproximadamente 60 dias de idade e 20 ± 0,2 kg de peso corporal, alojados em baias individuais e abatidos aos 35,0 ± 0,2 kg. Os tratamentos foram compostos por quatro dietas: D0- silagem de milho + concentrado sem farinha de algas; D2- silagem de milho + concentrado + 2% de farinha de algas; D4- silagem de milho + concentrado + 4% de farinha de algas e D6- silagem de milho + concentrado + 6% de farinha de algas. A relação volumoso:concentrado foi 40:60, compondo dietas com semelhantes teores proteicos (15%) e energéticos (3,3 Mcal de energia digestível/kg de matéria seca). Os dados foram avaliados num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, com os graus de liberdade desdobrados em efeitos linear, quadrático e cúbico. As inclusões de farinha de algas marinhas influenciaram (P<0,05) o consumo de nutrientes, com efeito linear decrescente para matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra insolúvel em detergente ácido (FDA) e energia bruta (EB), e crescente para a fração EE (extrato etéreo). Da mesma forma, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes foi influenciada (P<0,05) pelas inclusões de farinha de algas marinhas, com efeito linear decrescente para as variáveis MS, MO, FDN, FDA, CHOT e CNF. A digestibilidade da fração EE apresentou efeito (P<0,05) linear crescente e a PB, efeito (P<0,05) quadrático. O peso do fígado dos animais aumentou (P<0,05) linearmente. As medidas das papilas ruminais dos cordeiros diminuíram (P<0,05) com as inclusões de farinha de algas marinhas nas dietas. Na avaliação do desempenho, foram observados efeitos (P<0,05) lineares crescente para dias de confinamento (DC) e decrescente para ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) e ganho médio diário de peso (GMDP). A conversão alimentar (CA) dos cordeiros não foi alterada (P>0,05). Os rendimentos da carcaça e dos cortes comerciais, as perdas por resfriamento e as medidas do músculo longissimus não foram alteradas (P>0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para as características físico-químicas da carne dos cordeiros. Na análise sensorial, houve efeito (P<0,05) linear decrescente para os atributos odor, sabor e na intenção de compra dos consumidores. As inclusões de farinha de algas marinhas nas dietas não alteraram (P>0,05) a composição centesimal da carne dos cordeiros. Foram observados efeitos (P<0,05) lineares decrescente no teor de colesterol e crescente para a oxidação lipídica da carne dos animais. No perfil de ácidos graxos houve aumento (P<0,05) na concentração dos ácidos 16:0, 17:0, 18:1 n-7, 18:2 c9t11, 20:5 n-3 e 22:6 n-3 e redução dos ácidos graxos 18:0, 18:1 n-9 e 18:2 n-6. As concentrações de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGMI), ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) e as relações AGMI:AGS e AGPI:AGS apresentaram efeito (P<0,05) quadrático. Houve efeitos (P<0,05) linear decrescente no total de ácidos graxos n-6 e quadrático para os da família n-3 e na relação n-6:n-3. A atividade das enzimas dessaturase 16 diminuiu (P<0,05) linearmente. Foi observado efeito quadrático (P<0,05) para a atividade da enzima elongase, nos índices de aterogenicidade e trombogenicidade, nas concentrações de ácidos graxos hiper e hipocolesterolêmicos e na relação h:H. A farinha de algas marinhas não se mostrou uma alternativa interessante, uma vez que consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes é prejudicada, acarretando em menor desempenho dos animais. O incremento de ácido palmítico na carne dos cordeiros sobrepõem todos os benefícios inerentes aos ácidos graxos da família n-3.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the performance, nutrient digestibility, quantitative parameters of carcass, and qualitative and sensory parameters of meat in feedlot-finished lambs fed diets with increasing levels of marine algae meal inclusion. Thirty-two newly weaned 60-day-old uncastrated Ile de France lambs weighing 20.0 ± 0.2 kg body weight were used. The animals were housed in invidual pens and slaughtered at 35.0 ± 0.2 kg. The treatments were composed of four diets: D0- corn silage + concentrate without algae meal; D2- corn silage + concentrate + 2% algae meal; D4- corn silage + concentrate + 4% algae meal; and D6- corn silage + concentrate + 6% algae meal. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 40:60, and diets were formulated with similar protein (15%) and energy (3.3 Mcal digestible energy/kg DM) contents. The data were evaluated in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and eight replications. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The algae meal contente were broken down into linear, quadratic and cubic effects. Marine algae meal levels influenced (P<0.05) nutrient intake, with a linear decrease seen in DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF and GE; the opposite effect was found on EE, which increased linearly. Likewise, nutrient digestibility was influenced (P<0.05) by the algae meal levels, which linearly reduced the digestibilities of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, TC, and NFC. The digestibility of the EE fraction rose linearly (P<0.05), whereas that of CP responded (P<0.05) quadratically. Liver weight increased (P<0.05) linearly. Rumen papillary measurements in the lambs decreased (P<0.05) as the meal was included in the diet. In the performance trial, a linear increase (P<0.05) was observed for days in the feedlot, while dry matter intake and average daily weight gain decreased linearly. Feed conversion did not change (P>0.05). The yields of carcass and primal cuts, chilling losses, and longissimus muscle measurements did not differ (P>0.05). Likewise, no significant differences were observed for the lamb meat physicochemical traits. Sensory analysis revealed a linear (P<0.05) decrease in the attributes aroma, taste, and consumers’ purchase intention. Dietary inclusion of marine algae meal did not influence (P>0.05) the centesimal composition of lamb meat. The meat cholesterol content decreased linearly (P<0.05) and lipid oxidation responded in the opposite direction, increasing linearly. In the fatty acid profile, increasing linear (P<0.05) effects were found for the concentrations of 16:0, 17:0, 18:1 n-7, 18:2 c9t11, 20:5 n-3, and 22:6 n-3 fatty acids, while 18:0, 18:1 n-9, and 18:2 n-6 decreased linearly. Concentrations of MUFA and PUFA and MUFA:SFA and PUFA:SFA ratios had a quadratic response (P<0.05). The treatments elicited a linear decrease (P<0.05) in total n6 fatty acids, while fatty acids of the n-3 family and n-6:n-3 ratio responded quadratically. The desaturase-16 enzyme activity declined linearly (P<0.05). Elongase activity, atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, hyper- and hypo-cholesterolemic fatty acid concentrations, and h:H ratio responded quadratically (P<0.05). The marine algae meal did not show an interesting alternative, since consumption and the digestibility of the nutrients is impaired, leading to lower performance of the animals. The increase of palmitic acid in the lamb meat overlies all the benefits inherent to the n-3 family of fatty acids.
FAPESP: 16/02311-1
Dias, Sandro 1973. "As palavras e o coração : estudo sobre algumas imagens em O povo de Jules Michelet." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270025.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa algumas imagens construidas por Jules Michelet em Le Peuple, na primeira metade do século XIX, no contexto da "historiografia romântica". Essa análise constituiu-se de uma tríade: a identidade - a relação entre conhecimentos e afetos; a memória - a experiência como conhecimento; a observação - cenas do cotidiano
Abstract: Ce travail analyse quelques images construites par Jules Michelet dans "Le Peuple", à la premiére moitie du XIXe siécle, dans le contexte de "l historiographie romantique". Cette analyse s'est constituée d' une triade: l'identité - la rélation entre les connaissances et les affects; la mémoire - l'expérience comme connaissance; l'observation - les scénes du quotidien
Mestrado
Historia e Historiografia Literaria
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária
Amara, Nordine. "Faire la France en Algérie : émigration algérienne, mésusages du nom et conflits de nationalités dans le monde : de la chute d'Alger aux années 1930." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H002.
Full textOn July 5th, 1830, Dey Husayn surrendered. Alger fell to the hands of the conquering power and, mechanically, Algerian were said to be French. This automatic granting of nationality emanated from a general principle of the law: the annexing State grants its nationality to the subjects whose State disappears as an object of international law. Such mechanics of the law also held a narrative power expressed in this statement: Algerians were French. No matter how imperious the formula was legally, it nevertheless accomplished a historical leap that I offer to re-explore. Examining the question of the nationality of Algerians established abroad, principally in the Ottoman Empire, renders to the moment of 1830 its initial dimension: that of indetermination. The intellectual displacement created by studying migration reveals the colony as a narrative arbitrary, an after-the-fact that crushes the moment of indeterminations. Reexploring conflicts of nationality in their international dimensions reveals the pragmatic aspect of the law on nationality when it comes to defining the Algerian as a French subject. This work questions the law and its narratives as the operator of a historical transaction and it aims to explore the impact of the law on our historiographies. The careful examination of petitions for nationality allows to tell another story, a story no longer produced from elementary statements of the law, but from the law in action and in context
Beau, Frédéric. "Ecologie de la Cistude d'Europe "Emys orbicularis" en Brenne : histoire de vie des nouveau-nés et influence des modes de gestion sur les populations." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS024.
Full text“Brenne” is a French wetland area which shelters a remarkable biodiversity and many emblematic species, among which the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis is particularly abundant. This species has been largely favored by past human activities. In Brenne, all ponds are man-made and have allowed the development, since the Middle Age, of one of the largest European pond turtle population in France. The distribution of this species has strongly decreased mainly because of changes in agricultural practices and the use of the aquatic and terrestrial environments necessary for its life cycle. Nature Reserves are important areas dedicated to the preservation of the natural heritage. One of the goal of biological conservation is to propose preservation measures based on scientific studies. E. orbicularis has been the subject of many of such studies. We choose to carry out our research on new elements for the species. First, we investigated parameters related to nesting sites: incubation under natural environment, emergence and postemergence behaviors of hatchlings. Second, we studied the populations under the prism of the quality of the aquatic environments. Generally, nesting sites were mainly considered as critical areas for egg-laying by females. However, it turns out that the use of this terrestrial habitat by the species is more important. Indeed, the plasticity of emergence phenology linked to a low mobility of hatchlings strongly suggest to change management practices of these habitats, at least in the particular context (edaphic, climate and weather) of Brenne. The study of the influence of water quality on populations allowed to highlight important patterns. Mercury levels in European pond turtle can reach doses known to cause disorders. The origin of this mercury does not seem to be linked to local human activities, but appears to originate from its global cycle. However, the Hg bioavailability is stimulated by local management practices, characterized by drainage periods. We have highlighted a correlation between the concentration of mercury and female reproduction (gravidity) which stimulates future research. A focus on algal epibiosis indicates that a large part of individuals are covered by algae. The presence of algae on aquatic turtles has been known for a long time. However, our results highlight differences of the algal epibiosis between ages and sexes. Intensive fish-farming appears to be responsible of the presence and prevalence of algae on turtles. Intensification of fish-farming practices causes an eutrophication of the environments. We also found correlations between algal cover and body condition and reproduction in adult females. These results should be pursued in order to know the long-term impact on this long-lived species. In Brenne, populations of European pond turtle are still large but some aspects such as proportion of juveniles, presence of mercury, or algal epibiosis deserve future studies in the field of conservation biology, with an emphasis on knowledge and management experiences sharing
Davezac, Robert. "La montée des violences dans le Grand-Alger (01/06/1958-30/04/1961) : "De l'Algérie province française à la République algérienne"." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20009.
Full textIn spite of thousands of works devoted to the War in Algeria, practically no monograph exists, even about Algiers the capital city of the country. That is why, facing this lack, we have planned to establish the events in order to show the rise of violence which characterized the period from June 1st 1958 to April 30th 1961. The use of selective or blind terrorism by the FLN (National Liberation Front), then by the counter-terrorists and the OAS (Secret Army Organisation), and its repression by the French Army, gave this conflict its peculiar aspect. That kind of violence, apparently eradicated by "The 1957 Battle of Algiers" and removed from the memories by the May 1958 Fraternization, came back on June 6th 1958 and increased without stopping. It provoked, deliberately or not, another terrorism from the partisans of the "French Algeria", opposed to the FLN one and also against the representatives and the partisans of the Central Power, when the latter gave up the Integration Policy. Our thesis reconstitutes the different stages and the logic of this process and its military and political consequences upon the development of the war. As a consequence of this terrorism, the use of repressive methods leading to torture is mentioned in it. The evolution of the mentalities of both communities in Algiers (European and Muslim ones), their relationships and their reactions in front of the Central Power Policy are examined as causes and consequences of this process
Maisonnas, Jean Pierre. "La formation historique de la déontologie de l'avocat en France entre la naissance des juridictions royales et la loi du 31 décembre 1971, voix du Prince ou libéralisme ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3065.
Full textIs ethics of lawyers emanating from them because of the necessities of its exercise or from the political authorities because it touches a sovereign task? France has not hesitated. Inspired in particular by THEODOSIUS and JUSTINIAN, borrowing Carolingians and chivalry religious morals, kings from St. Louis have legislated especially as the birth of royal courts at the end of the thirteenth century stabilized the role and title of the lawyer. The customs and the "stiles" completed this device. These principles (loyalty, independence, respect) will change over time into "uses". As long as the lawyer is a member of the judicial institution with a vocation to become executive, the deontology was based on a consensus. The venality of the offices depriving him of this promotion, transforms him into a simple "auxiliary", wayward to the point of stirring unlikely strikes. Impregnated with the fantasized grandeur of his ancestors in the antiquity he prefers to consolidate his social rank (nobility, precedence). From LOUIS XIV the deontology (ethics) freezes. The Revolution sweeps away this multisecular heritage. Pressed by the concepts of freedom and gratuitousness, the constituents, mostly lawyers, suppress the profession and the parliaments that are being hated. "Unofficial defenders", often without faith or law, take the place of lawyers. Ethics disappeared for twenty years. Reluctantly reinstated by NAPOLEON, these "factious" struggle all the nineteenth against the state for the control of "uses" weakening them (already in butte to societal currents: emancipation, nationality) a little more. The decree of 1920 settled this situation, which almost engulfed the Orders. Never again until 1971 will lawyers participate in the definition of their rules. At most one association (ANA) will make successful proposals. The wars illustrated the Prince's power of intervention in deontology by suspending it, overhauling it (prohibiting Jews) or creating permanent institutions (CAPA). “France Libre” preserved from Vichy everything that did not conflict with fundamental principles. The years 54/57 introduced liberal modifications (the right to wield funds, to associate, to claim unpaid fees). It is a place where the state did not give up to make the lawyer a civil servant: overseas. Except for Algeria, a "natural extension of France", in other countries under french domination, in a total disorder, far from its dreamed unity, France has, in the indifference of the bar associations, created a paradeontology vaguely evoking the “avoué”. Despite a legislative abundance, France has no more succeeded in imposing a universal code of ethics. Using renewed imaginative processes, the governors have, as required by a principle of realism, all invented to save a notoriously failing system until the inadmissible (prohibition to plead for the natives). In the years 1930/1936 the Republic resolved to establish "free bars", roughly modeled on those of metropolis, a liberal attempt without a future because of the war and the conflicts of decolonization. The Law of December 31, 1971 creating a "pleading-solicitor" dreaded by the caciques initiated a profound reform of the role of the lawyer and laid the groundwork for a subsequent evolution of ethics (institution of a national representation -CNB granting it legislative power in this area). It was nevertheless without the lawyers that the decree of ethics was published in 2005. Such a linear deontology is explained by the concern for the Prince to ensure to the infinity detail the perfection of his mission to judge, a metaphysics of the perfect. The commodification of the law, the extension of the field of the lawyer, the industrialization of the actors contradict this objective. Will France finally decide ?
Chebahi, Malik. "L’Enseignement de l’architecture à l’École des beaux-arts d’Alger et le modèle métropolitain : réceptions et appropriations (1909-1962)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1049.
Full textIn 1881, an atelier (studio) was founded at the École des Beaux-Arts in Algiers. Up until 1940, programs, concours, as well as judgments and rewards have depended on masters and local juries. From 1940, the atelier has been regional and included the bosom of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. This is the only structure belonging to the French colonial empire to have been granted this status. While the evolution of architectural and urban ideas in colonial Algiers was the subject of much research, the history of architectural education in this city has meanwhile remained unexplored. This thesis comes therefore to lift the existing veil around the pedagogical model developed in Algeria. It examines in particular the period between 1909 and 1962. These chronological limits correspond to both a period that is better documented and to two important moments for the architectural institution. Indeed, the year 1909 marked the appointment of the first French architect born in Algeria as the head of the architectural studio. This advent is the starting point for a more structured and better organized teaching of architecture. As for the year 1962, it signaled the end of the French presence in Algeria and the birth of the Algerian school. The interest is to place the education provided at the studio of architecture in Algiers in relation to the pedagogical system of the Beaux-Arts in Paris, and to replace it in the broader context of the emergence of an architectural identity that is specific to the colony. This research, which converge the history of architectural education in France and the history of colonization, is notably built on the following questions: what form has the teaching of architecture in Algeria taken during the colonial period? Was the transplantation identical to the pedagogical model introduced by the Beaux-Arts in Paris, adaptation or rebuilding? What part has the regional dimension taken in the architectural education disseminated in Algeria? Through a comparative analysis between the pedagogy disseminated in Paris and in Algiers, this research shows that a structure forming in the art of building is inseparable from the territory that houses it, the population that attends it, and the political and cultural environment that surrounds it. Furthermore, this thesis contributes to updating the cultural and professionals exchanges that operate between France and its colony
Batista, António Pedro Costa Moura. "Alguns testemunhos literários de alguns acontecimentos históricos: Goodbye to all that, de Robert Graves, Carnets de la drôle de guerre, de Jean-Paul Sartre e Catalabanza, Quilolo e volta, de Fernando Assis Pacheco." Master's thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/2920.
Full textEsta tese tem como objectivo identificar e caracterizar alguns processos através dos quais, nalguns textos literários sobre a guerra, é reforçado o valor testemunhal. Esses processos envolvem questões de natureza genológica, discursiva e paratextual e traduzem-se na tentativa de um movimento de aproximação da Literatura à História. O estudo desse movimento far-se-á com base nas obras Goodbye to All That, de Robert Graves, Carnets de la drôle de guerre, de Jean-Paul Sartre e Catalabanza, Quilolo e volta, de Fernando Assis Pacheco. Abstract The aim of this dissertation is to identify and describe some processes by which, in some literary texts about war, the value of testimony is reinforced. These processes involve generic, discursive and paratext questions and act as an attempt of getting Literature closer to History. The study of this movement will be made through the analysis of Robert Graves’s Goodbye to All That, Jean-Paul Sartre’s Carnets de la drôle de guerre and Fernando Assis Pacheco’s Catalabanza, Quilolo e volta.