Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alien plants Endemic plants Insect populations

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Academic literature on the topic 'Alien plants Endemic plants Insect populations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alien plants Endemic plants Insect populations"

1

Jacobs, Karin, Tersia Conradie, and Shayne Jacobs. "Microbial Communities in the Fynbos Region of South Africa: What Happens during Woody Alien Plant Invasions." Diversity 12, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060254.

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The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is globally known for its plant biodiversity, and its flora is commonly referred to as fynbos. At the same time, this area is under severe pressure from urbanization, agricultural expansion and the threat of invasive alien plants. Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus are the common invasive alien plants found across the biome and considerable time, effort and resources are put into the removal of invasive alien plants and the rehabilitation of native vegetation. Several studies have shown that invasion not only affects the composition of plant species, but also has a profound effect on the soil chemistry and microbial populations. Over the last few years, a number of studies have shown that the microbial populations of the CFR are unique to the area, and harbour many endemic species. The extent of the role they play in the invasion process is, however, still unclear. This review aims to provide an insight into the current knowledge on the different microbial populations from this system, and speculate what their role might be during invasion. More importantly, it places a spotlight on the lack of information about this process.
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2

Ryan, Peter G., Norman Glass, and Robert A. Ronconi. "The plants and birds of Stoltenhoff and Middle Islands, Tristan da Cunha." Polar Record 47, no. 1 (June 29, 2010): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247410000112.

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ABSTRACTFew scientific observations have been made at Middle and Stoltenhoff Islands, small (ca 10 ha) islands off the north coast of Nightingale Island, Tristan da Cunha. We recorded vascular plants and numbers of breeding birds on both islands in December 2009. Despite being smaller and more isolated than Middle Island, Stoltenhoff supported more species of plants, including Cotula moseleyi, previously thought to be endemic to Nightingale Island. Only one alien plant was found, Sonchus oleraceus. Populations of two albatross species apparently have decreased by at least half over the last 40 years, presumably due to mortality at sea. Stoltenhoff probably has the least disturbed habitat in the Tristan group, and strict controls are needed to prevent accidental introductions by anyone going ashore.
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Gerlach, J., and L. Canning. "Range contractions in the Critically Endangered Seychelles terrapins (Pelusios spp.)." Oryx 35, no. 4 (October 2001): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00203.x.

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AbstractThe status of the Seychelles endemic terrapins is reviewed based on field-surveys. Pelusios castanoides intergularis and P. subniger parietalis are confined to a small number of marshes and rivers. All the sites occupied are limited in area (<4.5 ha) and under threat from drainage, predation and invasion by alien water plants. The smallest populations are unlikely to be viable in the long-term. Both species can be categorized as Critically Endangered using the IUCN Red List categories, with highly restricted ranges (2.89 and 6.02 ha for P. castanoides and P. subniger, respectively) that have decreased by over 50 per cent in recent years. Conservation of these species requires both the protection of wetland habitats and the establishment of new populations in protected areas. A captive breeding programme has been established with the aim of reintroducing juveniles into secure reserves. The endemic species P. seychellensis may be extinct.
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Orellana, Maria Renée, Anna Maria Rovira, Cèsar Blanché, and Maria Bosch. "Pollination and reproductive success in the gynodioecious endemic Thymus loscosii (Lamiaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-166.

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Sexual dimorphism can have implications in the reproductive biology of gynodioecious species, affecting sex fitness. We explored the effects of flower sex on pollination visitation rates and pollinator efficiency in terms of stigmatic pollen loads, as well as on quantitative and qualitative aspects of reproductive success in two populations of Thymus loscosii Willk. (Lamiaceae) endemic to the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. We also assessed the dependence of T. loscosii on insect pollination in both hermaphrodite and female plants by performing an insect exclusion test. Apis mellifera and different species of Bombylidae were the most frequent pollinators (68% of approaches to studied plots and 93% of total visited flowers). Hermaphrodite plants received more visits than female ones, possibly as a response to visual attraction, since flowers of the former are larger. Conspecific pollen deposition was higher on stigmas of hermaphrodite flowers than on those of females; in contrast, female stigmas received more heterospecific pollen loads, notably higher in one population. Despite these differences, seed set from open-pollinated flowers was similar in both sexes and in both populations, and relatively low (around 0.5–1 nutlet per fruiting calyx, on average). Thymus loscosii is self-compatible as it was able to produce seeds by spontaneous selfing, but at very low rates, indicating that it is insect-dependent for pollination. In addition, bagged female flowers also set seeds formed by apomitic mechanisms. In general, seeds from females were slightly heavier and began to germinate earlier and at higher rates than those from hermaphrodites, even those formed by apomixis. These results suggest that female plants enjoy a resource allocation advantage that allows increased seed quality and contributes to the maintenance of gynodioecy.Key words: gynodioecy, pollinator visitation, pollen loads, seed set, sex fitness, Thymus loscosii.
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5

Macdonald, Ian A. W., Christophe Thébaud, Wendy A. Strahm, and Dominique Strasberg. "Effects of Alien Plant Invasions on Native Vegetation Remnants on La Réunion (Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean)." Environmental Conservation 18, no. 1 (1991): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900021305.

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Although most of the lowland endemic forests of the mountainous Indian Ocean island of La Réunion have been converted by Man to other land-uses, relatively intact ecosystems still survive at higher elevations. Given the particular conservational value of these remnants of primary forest, detailed knowledge of the threats faced by these native ecosystems was urgently needed. Accordingly we conducted field surveys through the various plant communities on the island in order to answer particular questions regarding the vulnerability of native vegetation remnants to invasive, introduced plant species.Our results indicated that most invaders colonize human-disturbed sites most successfully. However, such alien plants are also frequent in the Réunion primary forest remnants, with at least 62 species penetrating into areas which have experienced no or little human disturbance. Nevertheless, the forest remnants were still mainly dominated by indigenous or endemic plant species and maintain what is, presumably, their original vegetational structure.The most threatening plant invaders are the trees Psidium cattleianum and Ligustrum robustwn, the bramble Rubus alceifolius, the shrubs Fuchsia magellanica and Lantana camara, and the herbaceous Hedychium gardnerianum, Boehmeria macrophylla, and Boehmeria penduliflora.We found the early stages of primary succession on young volcanic sites to be dominated by aggressively expanding populations of alien species. It appears very unlikely that native species will replace the invaders as the succession proceeds, and furthermore the survival of many indigenous species probably hinges on the active control of alien species.In order for alien plant management efforts to be successful, we propose a priority ranking based on the current and potential future extent of specific infestation, the rate of spread, the difficulty with which a species can be controlled, and its ecological impact on the areas invaded.Finally, the long-term survival of the Réunion ecosystems depends largely upon the drawing up and implementation of an adequate overall conservation policy regarding human-caused invasions by alien plants in the native vegetation.
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Robertson, Ian C., and Amy Colleen Ulappa. "Distance between pollen donor and recipient influences fruiting success in slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium papilliferum." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-138.

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Plant populations are often spatially structured owing to limited dispersal of pollen and seed. Mating between neighboring individuals in such populations often leads to reduced reproductive performance relative to matings between distant individuals. This response, which may be a result of inbreeding depression or prezygotic mating barriers, was investigated for slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium papilliferum L. (Brassicaceae), a rare insect-pollinated mustard endemic to sagebrush–steppe habitat in southwestern Idaho. Through hand pollination experiments we found that individual plants receiving pollen from distant sources (75–100 m and 6.5–20 km away) had significantly higher percent fruit sets than those relying on pollen from neighboring plants (<1 m away). Self pollinated plants produced little or no fruit. These results suggest that L. papilliferum relies primarily, if not exclusively, on outcrossed pollination, and that its populations are spatially structured. Conservation efforts should therefore strive to protect sufficiently large areas of suitable habitat to ensure maintenance of genetic diversity and preserve or enhance connectivity between populations.Key words: Brassicaceae, inbreeding, outbreeding, population spatial structure, rare species.
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7

Nugnes, Francesco, Stefania Laudonia, Giovanni Jesu, Maurice Gerardus Maria Jansen, Umberto Bernardo, and Francesco Porcelli. "Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Some European Countries: Diffusion, Hosts, Molecular Characterization, and Natural Enemies." Insects 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010042.

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After the first record in 2008 in Southeast Italy, the alien invasive and quarantine pest Aleurocanthus spiniferus (orange spiny whitefly—OSW) has gradually spread throughout Europe, infesting several new host plants in addition to the known hosts. Molecular characterization of some Italian populations and a newly found Albanian population highlighted two different haplotypes invading Europe, belonging to one of the haplogroups previously recorded in China. A predator was recorded for the first time in several fields in Italy in association with OSW and other whitefly species. It was successively identified through a morpho-molecular characterization as a Nearctic member of the tribe Serangiini, the ladybird beetle, Delphastus catalinae. This predator represents a promising biocontrol agent to manage A. spiniferus outbreaks in Italy and other invaded countries.
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8

Kozuharova, Ekaterina, Niko Benbassat, Strahil Berkov, and Iliana Ionkova. "Ailanthus altissima and Amorpha fruticosa – invasive arboreal alien plants as cheap sources of valuable essential oils." Pharmacia 67, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e48319.

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The high tolerance of various habitat conditions and potent propagation ability of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae) and Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) promote their aggressive invasive behaviour. Additionally, they not only over-compete the local vegetation but suppress the seed development. In the newly invaded habitats they might not have suitable herbivores to control their populations. The aim of this review is to evaluate the potential of A. altissima and A. fruticosa, as cheap sources of valuable essential oils. The essential oils yield and compostion of both plant species vary significantly depending on plant parts, origin and time of collection. The main constituents of A. altissima essential oil are α-curcumene, α-gurjunene, γ-cadinene, α-humulene β-caryophyllene caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D etc. The main constituents of A. fruticosa are δ-cadinene, γ-cadinene, β-caryophyllene γ-muurolene +, ar-curcumene, myrcene etc. These essential oils have been reported to possess different activities such as antimicrobial, insect repellent, insecticidal and herbicidal activity. Due to the fact that these are aggressive invasive species, they can provide abundant and cheap resources. Additionally, future industrial exploitation of the biomass of these invasive plants for essential oils’ extraction might contribute to biodiversity conservation by relieving their destructive impact on the natural habitats.
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9

De Lucas, J. A., J. W. Forster, K. F. Smith, and G. C. Spangenberg. "Assessment of gene flow in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) under field conditions in Australia using phenotypic and genetic markers." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 2 (2012): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp11224.

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White clover is one of the most important pasture legumes in global temperate regions. It is an outcrossing, insect-pollinated species with gene flow occurring naturally between plants. A 2-year study was conducted to assess the relationship between gene flow and physical distance in white clover under field conditions in southern Australia. White clover plants exhibiting a red leaf mark phenotypic trait acted as pollen donors to recipient plants lacking leaf markings at distances up to 200 m distant from the donor plants. Progeny were scored for the dominant red-leafed phenotype and gene flow was modelled. Paternity was confirmed using simple sequence repeat markers. A leptokurtic pattern of gene flow was observed under conditions designed to measure maximised gene flow with the majority of pollination occurring in the first 50 m from the donor pollen source. The combined use of simple sequence repeat and visual markers confirmed that there was also a white clover pollen source in addition to the donor plants. This research confirms the difficulty in ensuring absolute containment of gene flow in an outcrossing species grown in an environment when endemic populations are known to exist.
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10

Kenyeres, Zoltán, and Norbert Bauer. "Conservation possibilities of Isophya costata (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) based on frequency, population size, and habitats." Journal of Orthoptera Research 30, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jor.30.59262.

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Isophya costata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, commonly called the Keeled Plump Bush-cricket, is an endemic Natura 2000 species in the Carpathian Basin and is included in the IUCN Red List of Threatened species. We used extensive data collection from Hungary retrieved between 2004 and 2019 from 700 sampling sites spread over an area of 12,700 km2 to examine the occurrence of the species in different regions in grasslands of similar structure but different origin, naturalness, and character. The results confirmed that I. costata currently occurs with the highest number of populations and highest density in regularly mowed, mesophilic hayfields rich in dicotyledonous plants (Arrhenatheretalia). The species also appears in smaller numbers in grasslands adjacent to hayfields, such as wetland meadows (Molinion coeruleae), marsh meadows (Deschampsion caespitosae, Alopecurenion pratensis), and edge habitats dominated by herbaceous plants. However, the results show that the extension of these habitats has a negatively significant correlation with both the occurrence of the species and its density. Isophya costata occurs in steppe meadows much less frequently than in mesophilic hayfields. The species is endemic to the Pannonian Steppe, and the key to their conservation is by maintaining stocks of hayfields in the species’ area of distribution. According to this study, overseeding of mowed grasslands leads to the decline of the species. To preserve I. costata, it is necessary to eliminate trampling in its areas of occurrence (prohibition of grazing) and encourage late-season mowing adapted to the phenology of the species (not as early as mid-July) or, if this is not feasible, mosaic-type treatment leaving unmown patches (e.g., 1/3 of the plot).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alien plants Endemic plants Insect populations"

1

Ballard, Meg. "Insect populations on early successional native and alien plants." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 50 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203553531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Zuefle, Marion E. "The impact of non-native woody plants on the native herbivorous insect community of northern Delaware." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 75 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1163239621&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Cerqueira, Nicole. "Pollinator visitation preference on native and non-native congeneric plants." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 2.91 Mb., 84 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428175.

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