Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alignement optique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 25 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Alignement optique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Loriot, Vincent. "Alignement moléculaire par impulsions laser ultrabrèves : Mesures & Applications." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660050.
Full textRenard, Vincent. "Alignement de molécules linéaires par impulsions laser de courtes durées." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS016.
Full textAlignment of linear molecules is efficiently induced by strong linearly polarized laser pulses. In the case of short pulses with respect to molecular rotation, periodic alignment appears in field-free conditions after the extinction of the field. This manuscript presents three techniques where the value of allows to quantify alignment without molecular dissociation nor additional alignment. They use a weak time-delayed probe pulse which experiences the optical properties of an aligned sample and shows modification of its characteristics. The first of them measures a depolarization due to the birefringence of the sample. The second one is based on the defocusing produced by the spatial distribution of aligned molecules, and thus, the gradient of the refractive index. The last technique is based on the creation of a transient grating at the crossing of two intenses laser pulses. This grating leads to the diffraction of a weak probe pulse
Gagné, Pierre-Luc. "Étalonnage d'un système de positionnement 3D optique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27214/27214.pdf.
Full textCharles, Alain. "Etude des phenomenes limitant les performances en lithographie optique avancee sur photorepeteurs." Toulouse, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAT0019.
Full textRenard, vincent. "Alignement de molécules linéaires par impulsions laser de courtes durées." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009705.
Full textRouzée, Arnaud. "ALIGNEMENT UNI ET TRIDIMENSIONNEL DE MOLÉCULES PAR IMPULSION LASER FEMTOSECONDE." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00398990.
Full textBentivegna, Florian. "L'effet kerr optique dans des gels inorganiques dopes, source d'un effet memoire tout-optique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1995. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713894.
Full textDallaire, Xavier. "Analyse et tolérancement de systèmes ayant une lentille frontale à forme libre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30403/30403.pdf.
Full textIn light of the new development of the production methods, free-form lens are used more frequently in optical design. However, their mathematical definitions as well as their specific shapes tend to make their tolerancing and reactions to perturbations hardly predictable. In consequence, the tools used by optical designers, like optical design programs, are not always able to help as they should. First, this document presents the recent developments and the theoretical concepts concerning these subjects. Thereafter, the analysis of a panomorph lens which has a free-form lens as a first surface reveals numbers of particular behavior showing relations between the field curvature and the footprint. Finally, a new tolerancing technique is presented. Using a perturbative analysis requiring a minimum of computing power, it is possible to reduce the allowed margins of error of certain variables while maximising the gain in image quality. This technique was particularly efficient in cases where the adjustment of the focus was spatially limited.
Mezrhab, Mimoun. "Optimisation d'un laser à semiconducteurs à cavité étendue et applications." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112067.
Full textThe present report is an attempt to improve the frequency performance of 0. 85 mM semiconductor lasers using the extended cavity laser (ECL) technique. In the ECL, the cavity diode laser has been elongated by an external cavity with a grating in Littrow mount, where the average length of the laser cavity was a few cm. In this study, the cavity laser source which has been realised is single frequency mode, has a narrow linewidth less than 100 kHz and is widely tunable over 20 nm, with mode hops. In the first part of this report, we recall the structure and principle of operation of an ECL. This part also includes the analysis of the optical feedback of a semiconductor laser coupled to an external cavity. In the second part of this report, we discuss the conditions to optimise and characterise the ECL. We also show a new ECL geometrical structure that ensures the alignment optical cavity at long term, using the self-alignment technique. We also mention the possibility to get a continuous frequency tunablity with an ECL. The final part of this report summary of some application, including cesium cooling experiments as well as optical harmonic generation
Goubert, Guillaume. "Contrôle optique de la mouillabilité et de l'alignement des cristaux liquides sur un substrat dopé par un colorant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26628/26628.pdf.
Full textKAOU, LARBI NEILA. "Conception et realisation d'un dispositif en silicium permettant une connexion passive entre un circuit d'optique integree et un ruban de fibres optiques." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2045.
Full textVievard, Sébastien. "Développement et validation d'un analyseur de surface d'onde en plan focal pour un instrument multi-pupilles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066327/document.
Full textThe resolution of a telescope is ultimately limited by its aperture diameter, but the size of mirrors is bounded by current technology to about 10m on the ground and to a few meters in space. To overcome this limitation, interferometry consists in making an array of sub-apertures interfere; the resulting instrument is called an interferometer or a multi-aperture telescope. To reach the diffraction limit of such instruments, all sub-apertures must be phased to within a small fraction of wavelength. A critical sub-system of interferometers is the Cophasing Sensor (CS), whose goal is to measure the relative positioning errors between the sub-apertures (differential piston, tip and tilt), which are the specific low-order aberration of an interferometer and the main source of wave-front degradation. We aim to develop unsupervised and easy-to-implement CSs for the global multi-aperture telescope alignment. ELASTIC algorithm provides a solution for large amplitude tip/tilt error measurement from a modified cross-spectrum of two diversity images, allowing the geometrical alignment. ELASTIC also provides tip/tilt stability for the large amplitude piston error minimization, called the interferometric alignment. Finally a second algorithm called LAPD uses focal and slightly defocused images for the small amplitude piston/tip/tilt error measurement, allowing the fine phasing. Numerical simulations of several types of multi-aperture telescopes are performed in order to test our algorithms. We experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of the different algorithms on a 6-sub-aperture instrument. These algorithms should simplify the design of the future telescopes
Houzet, Julien. "Alignement moléculaire : caractérisation et application à la mesure de thermalisation ultra-rapide et au contrôle de génération d'harmoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005137.
Full textLe, Prado Matthieu. "Conception, réalisation et application d'un magnétomètre atomique vectoriel." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2003/document.
Full textSeveral technologies of atomic magnetometers have been developed since the60s. To obtain a technology capable of measuring magnetic fields lower than 50 nT and compatible with our isotropic scalar magnetometer, we had todevelop an atomic magnetometer in a configuration that has never been published.We calculated the resonances characteristic of the magnetometer with the formalism of the dressed atom and realized a prototype. The noise of the resulting magnetometer is lower than 1 or 0.1 pT/√Hz, on the monoaxial or triaxial versions respectively.One way to reduce the noise of the magnetometer of 7 dB has been identified and the principle of this magnetometer could offer interesting perspectives for atomic clocks
Lefebvre, Michael. "Appariement automatique de modèles 3D à des images omnidirectionnelles pour des applications en réalité augmentée urbaine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30251/30251.pdf.
Full textOne of the greatest challenges of augmented reality is to perfectly synchronize real and virtual information to give the illusion that virtual information are an integral part of real world. To do so, we have to precisely estimate the user position and orientation and, even more dificult, it has to be done in real time. Augmentation of outdoor scenes is particularly problematic because there are no technologies accurate enough to get user position with the level of accuracy required for application in engineering. To avoid this problem, we focused on augmenting panoramic images taken at a fixed position. The goal of this project is to propose a robust and automatic initialization method to calculate the pose of urban omnidirectional panoramas to get a perfect alignment between panoramas and virtual information.
Drezen, Christine. "Utilisation de caméras CCD pour le contrôle du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles VIRGO : élaboration d'une interface VME et analye d'images." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10147.
Full textRitou, Arnaud. "Développement, fabrication et caractérisation de modules photovoltaïques à concentration à ultra haut rendement à base de micro-concentrateurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY059/document.
Full textThe actual trend of CPV is the micro-scaling of modules. A bibliographic study shows that shorter focal length of optics implies less material consumption in manufacturing and an enhanced efficiency of the modules. In this thesis, a double stage refractive micro-concentrator is designed, manufactured and characterized. First, the optical design of the concentrator is based on non-imaging technics. Thus, the profile of the lenses is generated for a single wavelength. Then, a ray tracing simulator is used to optimize the lens profile for the overall solar spectrum and study the concentrator element misalignment effect on the performances.Secondly, a three steps self-assembly process is developed instead of the usual five steps one. Both POE and SOE lenses of our device are molded simultaneously and a mechanical guidance system in the mold ensures the alignment of the micro-concentrator elements (POE, SOE and Cell).Finally, the performances measurements of the manufactured modules are managed in solar simulators in which the lightening condition are previously studied and validated. Comparing the bare cells efficiency with the module efficiency, the cell-to-module ratio (CTM) represents the overall losses in the module. Further experiments are managed to quantify each loss of the module. The manufactured and characterized micro-concentrator is a 1000X concentrating ratio with 0.6 x 0.6mm² triple junction cells. It efficiency is 29% with a 70% CTM. Finally, the loss chain study reveals that the three steps self-assembly process is reliable
Hénault, F. "Etude, alignement et contrôle de surfaces optiques segmentées ou discontinues. Applications en Sciences de l'Univers." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00530433.
Full textBraux-Zin, Jim. "Contributions aux problèmes de l'étalonnage extrinsèque d'affichages semi-transparents pour la réalité augmentée et de la mise en correspondance dense d'images." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM13/document.
Full textAugmented reality is the process of inserting virtual elements into a real scene, observed through a screen. Augmented Reality systems can take different forms to get the desired balance between three criteria: accuracy, latency and robustness. Three main components can be identified: localization, reconstruction and display. The contributions of this thesis are focused on display and reconstruction. Most augmented reality systems use non-transparent screens as they are widely available. However, for critical applications such as surgery or driving assistance, the user cannot be ever isolated from reality. We answer this problem by proposing a new “augmented tablet” system with a semi-transparent screen. Such a system needs a suitable calibration scheme:to correctly align the displayed augmentations and reality, one need to know at every moment the poses of the user and the observed scene with regard to the screen. Two tracking devices (user and scene) are thus necessary, and the system calibration aims to compute the pose of those devices with regard to the screen. The calibration process set up in this thesis is as follows: the user indicates the apparent projections in the screen of reference points from a known 3D object ; then the poses to estimate should minimize the 2D on-screen distance between those projections and the ones computed by the system. This is a non-convex problem difficult to solve without a sane initialization. We develop a direct estimation method by computing the extrinsic parameters of virtual cameras. Those are defined by their optical centers which coincide with user positions, and their common focal plane consisting of the screen plane. The user-entered projections are then the 2D observations of the reference points in those virtual cameras. A symmetrical thinking allows one to define virtual cameras centered on the reference points, and “looking at” the user positions. Those initial estimations can then be refined with a bundle adjustment. Meanwhile, 3D reconstruction is based on the triangulation of matches between images. Those matches can be sparse when computed by detection and description of image features or dense when computed through the minimization of a cost function of the whole image. A dense correspondence field is better because it makes it possible to reconstruct a 3D surface, useful especially for realistic handling of occlusions for augmented reality. However, such a field is usually estimated thanks to variational methods, minimizing a convex cost function using local information. Those methods are accurate but subject to local minima, thus limited to small deformations. In contrast, sparse matches can be made very robust by using adequately discriminative descriptors. We propose to combine the advantages of those two approaches by adding a feature-based term into a dense variational method. It helps prevent the optimization from falling into local minima without degrading the end accuracy. Our feature-based term is suited to feature with non-integer coordinates and can handle point or line segment matches while implicitly filtering false matches. We also introduce comprehensive handling of occlusions so as to support large deformations. In particular, we have adapted and generalized a local method for detecting selfocclusions. Results on 2D optical flow and wide-baseline stereo disparity estimation are competitive with the state of the art, with a simpler and most of the time faster method. This proves that our contributions enables new applications of variational methods without degrading their accuracy. Moreover, the weak coupling between the components allows great flexibility and genericness. This is the reason we were able to also transpose the proposed method to the problem of non-rigid surface registration and outperforms the state of the art methods
Das, Tilak. "Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of photocatalytic inorganic materials." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=36d13bbd-da38-4786-b15f-2ca9980ba8f4.
Full textIn a clean full Sun sky, the daily average solar irradiance coming into Earth surface is approximately 250 W/m2. Converting a part of this inexhaustible solar energy is of direct interest for our everyday-life. Over the past four decades, an important number of investigations, devoted to photocatalysis, have been carried out in a context related to global energy issues and environmental water and air pollution control. This thesis aims at the theoretical description of semiconductor materials which are promising for photocatalytic applications. We focused our discussion on the electronic and optical properties of MQ phases (M = Al, Ga, In, Zn, Cd and Q = N, P, As, Sb, O, S, Se, Te), the visiblelight photocatalytic compounds BiVO4 and La2ZnTiO6. In addition, a new strategy to access the absolute energy band positions of semiconductors is proposed. All these calculations allow to better understand the role played by the light absorption, the electron-hole lifetime and the redox reactions on the efficiency of a given photocatalytic compound. For such purpose, our calculations have been realized using standard density functional theory (DFT) approaches, but also hybrid functionals
Lemaire, Vincent. "Dépôts alignés de nanofils d'argent au sein de films multicouches pour des propriétés conductrices et optiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE038/document.
Full textThis study consist in the elaboration of aligned films of silver nanowires by the Grazing Incidence Spraying (GIS) technique. Combined with the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique, it is possible to generate films composed of several aligned layers of silver nanowires with different directions of orientation. Optical and conductive properties of these films will be investigated to highlight the impact of these 3D ordered structures. The influence of different parameters of the GIS will be studied. These parameters will be optimized in ordrer to design samples for conductive and transparent films and to elaborate chiral structures. Chiral structures will be realized and their circular dichroism will be investigated in function of structural parameters. A last study will be realized about the influence of order for transparent and conductive electrodes by measuring performances of films with aligned and randomly deposed silver nanowires
Gérard, Lionel. "Structures de semiconducteurs II-VI à alignements de bande de type II pour le photovoltaïque." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY070.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of II-VI semiconductor heterostructures with type II band alignments, especially in the form of superlattices. This is a system that can be promising for photovoltaic applications, and my work is presented in this perspective. Thus the first part deals with a conceptual reflection on the contribution of type II interfaces for photovoltaics.In a second step I present a study on the growth of CdSe and ZnTe by molecular beam epitaxy on various substrates. These materials are particularly interesting and suitable for this application because they have a direct bandgap, are almost lattice-matched, present a type II band alignment, and CdSe shows a bandgap compatible with the solar spectrum. But in return these are binary semiconductors which have no atoms in common, so that the growth of samples with specific thicknesses close to the monolayer is challenging. For this reason we conducted a detailed study at the interfaces through analysis of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, which allows us to conclude on the chemical nature of the atoms near the interfaces.This is followed by a detailed spectroscopy study on the effects of type II interfaces on the charge carriers through their energy and kinetics of recombination. We have developed an analytical model that allows to precisely adjust all the features observed in relation to these interfaces, and shows a very efficient charge separation mechanism. We show later that these effects are inherent characteristics of all interfaces of type II, regardless of materials and structures, and that they allow us to accurately extract the values of band offsets between different materials with type II band alignments
Nibart, Vincent. "Projet PIAFE : transport d'ions exotiques de basse énergie sur longue distance." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10019.
Full textThiebaut, Olivier. "Bicouches orientées de cristaux liquides colonnaires pour applications photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00591978.
Full textMujica, Randy. "Layer-by-Layer assembly of nanocellulose composite films with bio-inspired helicoidal superstructures." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE011.
Full textThe remarkable optical and mechanical properties of natural materials are often associated with the complexity of their hierarchical structures. One of the most complexes is the helical structure which consists of several layers of unidirectionally aligned fibers whose orientation rotates with respect to their neighboring layers. This so-called Bouligand microstructure is responsible for the enhanced impact resistance of the shell of some crustaceans as well as the preferential reflection of circularly polarized light of certain fruits and insects. Here, we fabricated complex bio-inspired thin films made of cellulose nanofibrils and poly(vinylamine) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach and grazing incidence spraying (GIS), a method allowing to control the in-plane alignment of anisotropic nano-objects like cellulose nanofibrils. We demonstrated the independent direction of alignment of each cellulose layer, which allowed the preparation of thin films with well-defined internal structures, namely, unidirectional, cross-ply or helical arrangement of the reinforcing nanofibrils, which is impossible to achieve by any other fabrication process. The optical properties of these films were characterized by circular dichroism (CD) and by Mueller matrix ellipsometry. The chirality observed for helicoidal films is controlled by the rotation direction, the pitch, and the number of layers. The mechanical properties of these cellulose-based films were studied by various nanoindentation methods. A nano-contact fatigue methodology showed an increased ductility of the unidirectional and helicoidal films, which can be indirectly related to enhanced absorption of energy of this material owing to their internal structure