Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aliment d'origine animale'
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Argant, Thierry Zeller Olivier. "L'alimentation d'origine animale à Lyon (des origines au XXe siècle)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/argant_t.
Full textArgant, Thierry. "L'alimentation d'origine animale à Lyon (des origines au XXe siècle)." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/argant_t.
Full textUsing both archaeological and historic date, we will attempt to identify animal species which used to be eaten on the site of Lyon (France), from Neolithic to year 1968. First of all, our sources will be introduced sorted by chronological periods. Species will then be described in detail, including all information available on first appearance, morphology, osteometry, origin, prices, consumption, anecdotes. We will finally synthetically describe long-term trends of the meat based diet of the population in Lyon, sorted by categories : fishes, game animals, birds, poultry, and domestic Mammals. We will particularly insist on changes in consumption of beef, pork and mutton, i. E. The domestic triad. We will especially compare different kinds of data from modern times, the only period for which we can cross-archaeological data and octroi's accounts. Thus three main cycles in the consumption of the triad's will be shown
Delavigne, Anne-Hélène. ""Nous, on mange de la chair" : approche anthropologique du rapport à la viande au Danemark." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0022.
Full textBeauregard, Amélie. "Validation d'une technique de réduction de la production de méthane d'origine digestive chez la vache laitière en conditions commerciales." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26895.
Full textSablé, Sophie. "Etude de la microflore et de la fraction aromatique volatile d'un fromage de chèvre : implication potentielle de certaines souches bactériennes dans la biosynthèse de constituants de l'arome." La Rochelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LAROS012.
Full textFourat, Estelle. "Socio-anthropologie d'une transition protéique : comprendre la consommation des aliments protéiques d'origine animale à Delhi et Vadodara (Inde)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20096.
Full textThe protein transition corresponds to the process of substitution between proteins involved in the cycle of nutrition transition. In India the relative share of protein is not reversed in favor of animal protein whose increase is primarily through non-meat foods. Through a qualitative survey in Delhi and a quantitative one in Vadodara, the thesis unravels the determinants of food decisions regarding a portfolio of animal-based protein foods, and its forms of integration in the food categories. The model looks at the sociocultural process of the killing for food, which regulate the vegetarian/non-vegetarian boundary, as well as the boundaries and content of these categories, permeable to modernity. If the overall consumption appears overdetermined by ethnic and social variables, the results invite to consider the dynamics of social differentiation internal to these groups and produced by foods items, as well as interactional contexts acting on their prevalence. At the micro-individual level, ties to food and ties to animal foods shape forms of diets in a biographical journey, establishing the relationship between the individual, his food, and the collective. The thesis demonstrates the cultural autonomy with respect to biological constraints and discusses food convergence by the singular arrangement of animal proteins in the diets
Bulteau, Philippe B. "Contrôle microbiologique des viandes : méthodes d'analyses rapides." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P132.
Full textExcoffier, Sylvie. "Validation du couplage plasma (ICP) - spectrométrie de masse pour l'analyse inorganique (éléments trace) de matrices alimentaires d'origine animale." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10071.
Full textDesport, Barthélémy. "Les phosphates de calcium d'origine animale, matériaux pour la dépollution et source de phosphore." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30018.
Full textNatural phosphorus sources are drastically decreasing, and it is necessary to find new phosphorus sources. Ashes obtained from calcination of bone meals are mainly hydroxyapatite: Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Thus, they can be used as phosphorus-rich raw material. Several valorization ways were evaluated. Bone ashes can be used for the synthesis of a pure phosphoric acid without metallic elements, mainly cadmium and uranium. Hydroxyapatite properties suggest that bone meals ashes can be used for remediation of soils, sludge, effluents and groundwater. Experiments with different metallic elements (Cr, Pb, La...) showed the high sorption properties of this material
Kouassi, Anne Patricia. "Recherche d'alternatives aux nitrates et nitrites dans les produits carnés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26787.
Full textThe aim of this study was to develop formulations that can replace nitrates and nitrites in meat-based products while keeping the same shelf life as nitrites and also, their organoleptic, antimicrobial and antioxydant properties. A qualitative and quantitative screening of spices have been made and three spices were selected, cloves, cumin and cinnamon. Different fruit powders were tested to get closer to the pinkish color which nitrites give to meats. Then, an organoleptic tests were performed on a panel of tasters and the results have helped identify the sweetness of the variety of fruit powder and very interesting sensory properties of several formulations in relation to the addition of nitrites. Finally, a techno-economic analysis was performed and showed a small increase in cost of production of meat products using spices and fruit powder, due to a slight increase in the cost of raw materials.
Herrera, Mendez Carlos. "Marqueurs biologiques de la qualité de la viande bovine : purification, caractérisation et quantification de trois serpines musculaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21675.
Full textZerifi, Abdelrazak. "Méthode électrophorétique pour l'identification des espèces d'origine dans les produits carnés soumis à un traitement thermique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT037A.
Full textCherif, Chirine. "Valorisation de la gourgane (Vicia faba L. major cultivar Baie-St-Paul) dans l'alimentation de la vache laitière : effets sur l'utilisation de l'azote, le méthane d'origine entérique et les performances zootechniques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34003.
Full textThe objective of this study was to compare the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) and corn grain with ground or rolled faba bean (FB) on nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation, N utilization, methane production and milk performance. Nine Holstein cows (120 days of milk) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design (35-d period). The experimental treatments were: 1) Total mixed ration (TMR) containing SBM (control), 2) TMR containing rolled FB and 3) TMR containing ground FB. SBM and corn grain were completely and partially replaced (17% of diet DM), respectively, with either rolled or ground FB, on an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic basis. After 14-d days of adaptation to the experimental diets, feed intake, rumen fermentation characteristics (including protozoa enumeration), in saccoruminal degradability, apparent total-tract digestibility, N excretion, milk performance (production and composition), and CH4 production were measured. Including FB in the diet did not affect dry matter intake, milk production and milk composition. Experimental treatment had no effect on total VFA concentration, acetate:propionate ratio and protozoanumbers. Compared with cows fed the control diet, ruminal NH3 concentration increased and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB and rolled FB, respectively. However, there was no difference in ruminal NH3 concentration between the two processed FB. Apparent total-tract digestibility of crude protein was similar between cows fed the control diet and cows fed rolled FB and tended to increase for cows fed ground FB compared with cows fed the control diet. Urinary and manure (feces + urine) N excretion (g/d or as a proportion of N intake) were not affected by the inclusion of FB in the diet. Enteric CH4 production was similar among the experimental diets. In conclusion, this study showed that including FB (17% of dietary DM) at the expense of SBM and corn grain in the diet had no effect on milk production, N excretion and enteric CH4 production of dairy cows.
Segura, Audrey. "Portage animal des Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques : colonisation et interaction avec le microbiote digestif animal." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC002/document.
Full textEnterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) which represent the fourth pathogen leading to foodborne illness in Europe. Contamination by these pathogens results mainly from the ingestion of food contaminated by feces of bovine, for which the digestive tract appears as the main natural reservoir of EHEC. These pathogens survive in the digestive tract of ruminants, which is healthy carriers, and seem well-adapted to this complex ecosystem. Reducing animal carriage is a strategy of choice to limit EHEC human infections. The aim of this thesis was to increase our knowledge on the physiology and ecology of EHEC in the digestive tract of bovine, a key step to propose, ultimately, different strategies to limit the carriage. Transcriptome analysis of the EHEC O157:H7 reference strain EDL933 allowed the identification of metabolic pathways used by EHEC in different compartments of the digestive tract of the animal. Some carbohydrates, including those from the intestinal mucus layer, and amino acids as well as ethanolamine appear to be important substrates for the survival of EHEC throughout the bovine digestive tract. This transcriptomic study also revealed the activation, by the EHEC strain, of several stress resistance systems encountered in the bovine digestive tract, including toxin/anti-toxin systems. The activation of these systems and the ability to form biofilms have also been observed in a bovine STEC O157:H7 strain, MC2 strain, under conditions mimicking persistence in the environment. Genomic and phenotypic characterization allows this strain to be considered as pathogenic and in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the MC2 strain was able to persist in the bovine digestive tract but also in the farm environment. The experimental inoculation of bovines with the MC2 strain led to the development, for the first time in France, of a reproducible animal model of carriage and excretion of STEC O157:H7. This model could be used to test in vivo the effect of food additives, such as probiotics, in order to reduce the carriage and excretion of EHEC strains by bovines, and thus limit the contamination of humans
Lenoir, Séverine. "Complexes neurotoxiques impliqués dans la contamination des produits de la mer de l'Océan Indien : caractérisation toxinique et contribution des toxines de Gambierdiscus toxicus et Ostreopsis mascarenensis." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0006.
Full textCiguatera fish poisoning is a food-borne illness endemic to tropical waters where numerous fish are susceptible to accumulate benthic dinoflagellates toxins in their flesh and viscera. In the first part of the work, a study of several regional strains of G. Toxicus associated with a study of several fish vectors of toxins, ciguatoxins have contributed to the improvement of the knowledge on the regional determinism of this ichtyosarcotoxism. The toxinic production by G. Toxicus strain has been confirmed in this area and 9 molecules of gambiertoxins have been detected. The analyse of toxinic profiles of 2 ciguateric species, Lutjanus bohar and Sphyraena barracuda have shown the existence of a variety of ciguatoxins in the south-western Indian Ocean, i) confiming the presence of the major I-CTXs, I-CTX-1 and I-CTX-2 in L. Bohar, ii) revealing the presence of new CTX congeners and iii) a different toxinic profile for S. Barracuda with the supposed presence of Fast Acting Toxins with MW < 900. Palytoxin is one of most potent marine natural product primary isolated from Zoanthids species and is the causative agent of clupeotoxism, severe human seafood poisoning. The multiplicity of severe or fatal human intoxications and emergence of new sources of palytoxin poisoning (fish, crabs, and algae) revealed the complexity of phenomenon of palytoxin poisoning. In the second part, we have characterised toxinic and toxicological profiles of benthic and endemic dinoflagellate from SW Indian Ocean, Ostreopsis mascarenensis. Two analogues of palytoxin have been isolated from this species, the mascarenotoxins. In the absence of sensitive analytical methods for this family of toxin and the revealing of a particular fragmentation of reference palytoxin molecule, a specific analytical method, based on the coupling of the µLC/MS/MS for the detection of palytoxin and palytoxinlike molecules has been developed. To improve, a on-line preconcentration step has been realised
Mureau, Cyprien. "Consommation et exploitation des ressources animales en Auvergne et en Languedoc de l’Antiquité tardive au haut Moyen Âge." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH019.
Full textThis research takes stock of archaeozoological investigations to this day in Auvergne and Languedoc (France), two regions still lacking a synthetic account of available material of the transition between Antiquity and the Middle Ages. It relies on analysis of 155 000 fauna remains recovered mainly from 39 rural sites dated from the 4th to 8th centuries AD. The faunal material has been split in 460 groups, called chrono-stratigraphic samples. They serve as a foundation for the estimate of each species’ status, dietary habits and waste management. These case studies have provided evidence for a synthetic theory of the production and consumption of animal resources, the better to understand how rural communities of the time and localities cared for their livestock.The synthesis begins with a osteometrical analysis of domestic animals, shedding further light on the acknowledged but poorly-documented phenomenon of progressive size decrease in bovines, caprines and pigs. Further studies help single out unique local swine forms between the Languedoc and Auvergne regions, along with two asinine forms which indicate the incoming and predominance of a small shape during the Late Antiquity in southern France. The wide range of canine bones dimensions give information about a wide variety of shapes in domestic dog, while the wide size range of feline bones equates to the joint presence of domestic cats, wild cats and Iberian lynxes. Bone study then focused on identifying origins and function in order to classify avenues and methods of release from animal waste. A variety of practices for butchering, cooking and consuming the flesh, was thereby uncovered through a taxonomic and anatomical classification, providing grounds for a diachronic and interregional analysis of meat diets and pastoral practices in the area under study.Despite localised variations, animal husbandry and trade of animal goods seems to have undergone coherent, regional change across the area under study, with a notable increase in caprine populations throughout the Late Antiquity followed by a renewed rise in bovines and a progressively higher average age for herd animals as exploitation and trade of flat oysters ceased. These are but a few examples of a constant evolution of the methods and practices for exploitation of animal resources, an evolution which would suggest that progression toward a medieval model was far from linear but rather underwent oscillating cycles, testifying to the vitality and adaptive qualities of rural populations
Cotté, Olivier. "La société urbaine à Tours et l’animal (14e-17e s.) : approche archéozoologique." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2020/document.
Full textThis research was conducted on the basis of over 64,000 bone remains from 39 chronostratigraphic units gathered from 7 sites located throughout the city of Tours and its immediate surroundings. The objective of this study was to use this unprecedented collection to size the economic, cultural and social dimensions of the city from the 14th to the 17th century through faunal remains. Thanks to the analysis of the proportions of species of animals eaten by age and gender, it is possible to define the main trends of meat supply in Tours over the period of time considered as well as to describe the many different ways of acquiring domestic and wild animals. In order to cater to its cattle need, Tours used local livestock bred for meat as well as milk and wool production. This research also sheds light on the industrial processing of beef carcasses (meat processing and fat collection). It is also possible to define the meat diet of city dwellers and of various social contexts of the city, highlighting for instance the difference in the meat diet of the religious elite, who ate prime cuts, and the rest of the population, more specifically city shopkeepers and craftsmen, whose diet mainly comprised of offal
Renaud, Audrey. "Alimentation carnée et Gestion des populations animales sur le territoire de la cité de Nîmes (Hérault et Gard, IIème s. av.-IIème s. ap. J.-C.)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763084.
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