Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alimentary intoxication'
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Vezin-Weets, Yannick. "Etude de l'aconit napel : à propos d'un cas d'intoxication alimentaire accidentelle." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11026.
Full textBonnet, Pascale. "Les intoxications par les champignons supérieurs." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P146.
Full textMarquette, Isabelle. "Les toxines paralytiques." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2PE35.
Full textSimon-Michel, Mathieu Alliot Anne. "Intoxication histaminique le scombrotoxisme /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHsimon.pdf.
Full textMinjou, Danièle. "L'ichtyosarcotoxisme de type scombridae à propos d'une intoxication collective." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M068.
Full textCoupin, David Schwartzbrod Janine. "Incidence de la salmonella et de la listeria monocytogènes dans les denrées alimentaires bilan analytique sur cinq ans au Laboratoire Vétérinaire et ALimentaire Départemental de Meurthe-et-Moselle (LVAD 54) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDPHA_T_2008_COUPIN_DAVID.pdf.
Full textBoydron-Le, Garrec Raphaële Biard Jean-François. "Ciguatera et détection point et perspectives /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHboydron.pdf.
Full textStrainchamps, Valérie. "Intoxication alimentaire par consommation de tortue marine à bec d'oiseau (Eretmochelys imbricata) en Polynésie française." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M099.
Full textALKO, DANIEL. "Metabolisme compare du clenbuterol chez le rat et le veau : implications pour l'evaluation toxicologique des beta-agonistes utilises en elevage (doctorat : toxicologie)." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05N050.
Full textAmsellem-Rauilhac, Valérie. "Dénombrement et identification des entérobactéries dans les aliments : comparaison de 2 techniques." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P019.
Full textDjimadoum, Oumar. "Contribution à l'analyse microbiologique des plats cuisinés à l'avance." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077139.
Full textGarcia, Leon Azucena Minerva. "La perception et le comportement du consommateur face au risque alimentaire : approche théorique et expérimentale." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21009.
Full textThis thesis discusses consumers’ behavior related to food risk. The question addresses the consumer’s purchase behavior regarding food products presenting a health risk. The thesis establishes the relationship between purchase and food risk. We show that the economic choice theories related to risk do not take this into account, and that there’s a link between these theories and the very nature of the products in question. We came up an experimental protocol to study of purchase behavior regarding products presenting health risks under increasing information about those risks. We compare the purchase behaviors for either food products or any other product. The consumption of both of these products presents a health risk whose risk characteristics are comparable. We observe that the effect of the food product effect (the nature of the product) is much more important than the risk effect (the information on the health risk) when the consumers make their choices. Our results establish the existence of specific purchase behavior of risky food products. In second, we trait to explain this effect, we research the individuals’ perceptions and beliefs regarding health risk. We show a specific perception of the health risks of food products. This perception of risk explains the particular characteristics of the consumers’ behavior related to the purchase of such risky food products
Plenecassagne, Régine. "Généralités sur les analyses microbiologiques des aliments et étude rétrospective dans un centre hospitalier sur six ans (1986-1991)." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P100.
Full textCamargo, Esther Lopes Ricci Adari. "Estudo de neuroteratologia em ratos: efeitos da restrição alimentar e da monocrotalina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-15122011-155309/.
Full textThe problems caused by the exposure of animals to plants in Brazil dates from the early days of colonization, in particular, plants of the genus Crotalaria. These plants can be found worldwide, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas; its main active principle is the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline (MCT), which is found in their seeds and aerial parts. In the present study it was evaluated the acute toxicity of MCT, as the effects of exposure during pregnancy and the different doses of MCT on the physical and neurobehavioral development of rat offsprings. In addition, we also studied the effects of feed restriction (FR) in pregnant rats and their offspring since previous data from our laboratory showed that the MCT decreased body weight of rats treated for 14 days. Thus, Wistar rats were subjected to feed restriction during the 6th to 20th day of gestation, receiving 85, 60, 45 or 30% of average daily feed intake (100% = 22.75 g diet). The data showed that RF: a) promoted maternal cannibalism dependent on the intensity of the RA\'s mother, knowing that the largest group of restriction (30%) no offspring survived, b) it reduced the body weight of offspring, but this effect was observed from day 14 of life in the offspring from rats with 45% FR and 35 days of life in the offspring of rats from groups 60, 45 and 30% of FR, c) in the assessment of physical development of offspring no changes were observed between groups, except the body weight of offspring, d) neurobehavioral evaluation was observed reduction only in the general activity of the offspring and this effects being dependent on the severity of RA. The MCT (10, 30 and 100 mg / kg) administered as a single dose in rats and pregnant rats caused alterations in the scores of clinical dose-dependent and pregnant females were shown to be more sensitive to the toxic effects of MCT than virgin females and males. Exposure to MCT (1.0, 3.5 and 7.0 mg / kg) during pregnancy promoted: a) reduction on the number of pups born of mothers who received 3.5 and 7.0 mg / kg when compared to mothers and controls pair-feeding (group received the same amount of feed consumed by the group treated with the highest MCT), b) reduction of body weight of offspring of the group that received 1.0 and 7.0 mg / kg from the 35th day of life, c) on the evaluation of the physical development of offspring no changes were observed between groups, except the body weight of offspring, d) on neurobehavioral evaluation it was observed increase of immobility only in the time. These were measured on the open field of the offspring of mothers who received 3.5 and 7.0 mg / kg MCT. The present findings revealed that RA has a minor role in the toxicity of MCT, showing no close correlation between maternal weight loss and development of offspring exposed to toxin and RA. The inclusion of the pair-feeding group appears to be important when regards the toxicity studies of development, knowing that this can represent a control of the nutritional aspects involved in the test. It also suggest that in the protocols of toxicity development evaluation be included studies of mother-cub and the late development of offspring exposed.
Jouin, Cécile. "Toxi-infections alimentaires collectives et salmonelloses : surveillance, évolution, prophylaxie." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P032.
Full textSoumet, Christophe. "Évaluation de la réaction de polymérisation en chaine (PCR) pour la détection rapide de Salmonella dans les viandes de volailles et produits carnés." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD803.
Full textChoma, Caroline Danielle. "Incidence et caractérisation de Bacillus cereus isolé de produits de Vème gamme : études métabolique et physiologique de Bacillus cereus." Avignon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AVIG0307.
Full textAutin, Christophe. "La ciguatera en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P006.
Full textVernoux, Jean-Paul. "Aspects épidémiologiques, toxicologiques et préventifs de la ciguatera dans l'île de Saint-Barthélémy." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10614.
Full textMaillaud, Claude. "L’ Intoxication par le crabe de cocotier en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NCAL0005.
Full textCoconut crab Birgus latro poisoning has been recently reported in New Caledonia, resulting from theconsumption of the fruits of the red-eye-sea mango tree Cerbera manghas by the crustacean. Thosefruits contain several cardenolides such as neriifolin, showing cardiac toxicity. All coconut crabsinvolved in poisoning cases have been caught in Loyalty Islands.Coconut crab poisoning had shown to be a life-threatening condition, as severe atrio-ventriculardisturbances may lead to asystolia. Hyperkaliemia, age over sixty, previous history of chronic renalfailure, diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease were noticed among patients whose poisoningswere lethal. As coconut crab poisoning mimicks digitalis poisoning, specific antidotal therapy had to beconsidered. Digoxin-specific Fab antibody fragments have been effective in the treatment of lifethreateningcoconut crab poisonings in New Caledonia.Though the cephalothorax, where upper digestive tract is located, is the most toxic part of thecrustacean, significative amounts of cardenolides have been also found in the flesh of the crustacean.As we have shown a long-term bearing of the toxins in the crustacean, attempts for its quarantine withcontrolled atoxic diet prior to its consumption would not be effective as a preventive strategy. Failingthat consumption or capture of the coconut crab would be forbidden in New Caledonia, a strictregulation limiting the caught to some low-risk sternly controlled areas should be considered
Pottier, Ivannah. "La ciguatera aux Antilles : épidémiologie, analyse de la C-CTX-1 et étude de la diversité des ciguatoxines dans les poissons toxicophores." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2022.
Full textGaillard, Sylvain. "Ecophysiological studies on Dinophysis and its food chain, and in vitro effects of the dinoflagellate and its toxins on early life stages of two models of marine animals (oyster and fish)." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=9c0a23bc-cdb4-41a3-aa36-4723d1f37a3a.
Full textHarmful algal blooms of Dinophysis are responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning in human consumers of contaminated mollusks after bioaccumulation of their toxins. Dinophysis is a mixotrophic organism, which sequesters chloroplasts from a unique prey Mesodinium rubrum to perform its own photosynthesis, itself mixotrophic and feeds a cryptophyte, Teleaulax amphioxeia. The relationship between these three organisms is fundamental to understand the distribution and bloom dynamics of Dinophysis. In a first study, the effects of temperature, irradiance and pH on physiological aspects of T. amphioxeia were determined using a full factorial design before assessing the effect of contrasting physiological states after acclimation to two light intensities of T. amphioxeia and the effect of quantity of the prey for M. rubrum. The ecophysiological plasticity of T. amphioxeia suggests a high tolerance to future ocean conditions as well as the importance of prey abondance for growth of its predator. Subsequently, the effect of rapid salinity variations on D. sacculus were assessed, as such variations may be a potential driver of its distribution. D. sacculus present a large tolerance to salinity stresses, at least partly due to the synthesis of osmolytes, explaining its coastal disitrubution in areas subjected to rapid salinity fluctuations. Although toxicity and modes of actions of Dinophysis toxins are known on terrestrial mammals, the direct effects of Dinophysis and its toxins on marine organisms are still poorly studied. Thus, it was experimentally showed that Dinophysis and the pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2) impaired oyster oocytes, then affecting the fertilization rate, and causing damage to fish gills and mortality of larvae. Overall, this study highlights the importance of a better understanding of the physiology of the trophic chain of Dinophysis, and suggests negative effects of the dinoflagellate on aquatic ressources, which was unknown so far
Andrianary, Juliana. "Etude de la contamination des denrées alimentaires par le relargage de produits organovolatils issus de l'emballage." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30173.
Full textSaltet, de Sablet d'Estières Thibaut. "Production de shiga-toxine STX2 par les Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques : influence du génotype STX2, régulation par le quorum sensing et le microbiote intestinal." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21815.
Full textRodrigues, Fernando Vieira. "Seleção de peptídeos ligantes a Staphylococcus aureus: obtenção de novas ferramentas diagnósticas de contaminações alimentares." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12389.
Full textConsumption of food contaminated with strains of Staphylococcus aureus can cause diseases, whose signs and symptoms include gastroenteritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain within one to six hours post-consumption of contaminated food. In this way, rapid methods of detection and identification of S. aureus are essential for food quality control and food safety. At this study, objectived to select peptide that binds to S.aureus, through the technique of Phage Display (PD), for development of fast diagnostic tools, of easy handling and low cost. At this study was used bioppaning for selection of peptides that express on the surface filamentous phage peptides that binds to S. aureus. The phage DNA selected was sequenced and subjected to in silico analysis (BioEdit v7.0.9). The sequences obtained were aligned and clones underwent pre-screening (ELISA) for the evaluation of binding specificity to S. aureus. The titles of input and output in biopanning were constant. Nine valid sequences were obtained after sequencing 40 clones selected after 3 rounds of biopanning. The analysis demonstrated that four clones presented reactivity in bacteria, although tests have demonstrated that the peptides exhibited no specific binding capacity in Staphylococcus aureus. Nevertheless, the peptide H06 showed binding specificity in gram-positive bacteria used in the test of reactivity. Furthermore, the in silico analysis showed that the recombinant peptides share chemical characteristics essential the proteins of the bacterial cells. Although the S. aureus specificity had not been observed, the peptide can be used as a method of detecting contamination of food in gram-positive bacteria. In food contamination, fast screening and identification of bacterial groups, allows establish decisions about the marketing and distribution of foods and may prevent outbreaks of food intoxication and ensure food security.
O consumo de alimentos contaminados com cepas de Staphylococcus aureus pode causar doenças, cujos sinais incluem gastroenterites, náuseas, vômitos, diarreia, dor abdominal intensa dentro de uma a seis horas após o consumo do alimento contaminado. Por esta razão, métodos rápidos de detecção de S.aureus são essenciais para o controle da qualidade e da garantia da segurança alimentar. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo selecionar peptídeos ligantes à S.aureus, por meio da técnica de Phage Display (PD), para desenvolvimento de ferramentas diagnósticas rápidas, de fácil manipulação e baixo custo. Neste estudo, foi realizado bioppaning para seleção de peptídeos expressos na superfície de fagos filamentosos que apresentassem peptídeos ligantes a S.aureus. O DNA dos fagos selecionados foi sequenciado e submetido a analise in silico(BioEdit v7.0.9). As sequências obtidas foram alinhadas e os clones foram submetidos à pre-screening (ELISA) para avaliação de especificidade de ligação à S. aureus. Os títulos de entrada e saída obtidos no biopanning foram constantes. Nove sequências válidas foram obtidas após o sequenciamento dos 40 clones selecionados após 3 ciclos de biopanning. A análise de reatividade demonstrou que quatro clones apresentaram reatividade à bactéria, embora os testes de especificidade demonstraram que os peptídeos não exibiram capacidade de ligação específica a S. aureus. Apesar disto, o peptídeo E06 mostrou especificidade de ligação a bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus usadas no teste de reatividade. Além disso, as análises in sílico revelaram que os peptídeos recombinantes compartilham características químicas essenciais a proteínas das bactérias. Embora a especificidade a S.aureus não tenha sido observada, neste estudo o peptídeo pode ser utilizado como um método de detecção a contaminação de alimentos por estafilococos. Nas contaminações de alimentos, a triagem rápida e métodos de identificação de grupos bacterianos permitem estabelecer decisões sobre a comercialização e distribuição e podem prevenir um surto de intoxicação, garantindo a segurança alimentar.
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural Aplicadas
Tauveron, Grégoire. "Propriétés de surface des spores de Bacillus cereus et capacité de contamination des équipements agro-industriels : influence des conditions environnementales." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1650.
Full textBacillus cereus, responsible for food toxi-infections, frequently contaminates heated-processed foods. Indeed, beyond its resistance to heat and chemical treatment, the B. Cereus spore possesses a strong capacity to adhere to inert materials such as steel and therefore may be considered as a major food contamination risk. Mastery of equipment hygiene requires a deeper knowledge of factors which influence B. Cereus spores' adhesion capacity and their resistance to cleaning techniques. The adhesion of micro-organisms is linked to their surface properties, which may vary according to the environmental conditions they encounter. Ln the course of this study, we reveal a wide variability in surface properties (morphology, hydrophobia, surface protein content) from one spore strain to another. These differences are associated with a significant variability in each strain's capacity to adhere to steel and in its resistance to cleaning-in-place (CIP). Close examination of these data has shown that the longer their appendages, the stronger the spores' adhesion, whereas resistance to cleaning-in-place is inversely proportional to the size of the exosporia. The use of mutants (from B. Cereus and B. Anthracis) allowed us to show that brush-like exosporial filaments (made up of BclA) inhibit resistance to cleaning. An absence of the ExsY protein stops the exosporium from developing and leads to a consequent decrease in adhesion and an increase in resistance to cleaning. Thus, surface contamination risk is higher for strains with long appendages and small exosporia. Furthermore, spores' surface properties are affected by the conditions encountered by the bacteria. We have studied the influence of conditions likely to be encountered by spores in the agro-food industry. Sporulation at high temperature and sporulation in a liquid environment respectively affect the exosporium's size and integrity and result in lesser adhesion. Ln addition, the application of hydrodynamic conditions close to those encountered in the agro-food industry, induces greater or lesser damage to the exosporia according to the conditions in which they sporulated. This damage leads to a decrease in spore adhesion coupled with an increase in their resistance to eleaning. These behavioural differences must therefore be taken into account in analytical procedures applied in the determination of risk associated with the presence of B. Cereus
MOURA, Andréa Paiva Botelho Lapenda de. "Qualidade microbiológica da carne caprina (capra hircus, Linneaus, 1778) comercializada na cidade do Recife." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5108.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T13:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Paiva Botelho Lapenda Moura.pdf: 326144 bytes, checksum: 620eeb1d70babd2fa43af8e1560d7095 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-20
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Evaluation of microbiological quality of chilled and in natural goat meat sold in public/private markets and supermarkets of Recife concerning Staphylococcus aureus counting, total and thermotolerant coliforms,identification and typing of Salmonella spp, was the objective of this study. Antimicrobial sensibility profile in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp samples and the correlation between the simultaneous presence of faecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. were also performed. The study was carried out at six public/private markets and nine supermarkets of Recife, which were selected according to the administrative division of Local Authority Healthy General Office in six sanitary districts. A total of 24 samples of goat meat, 14 proceeded from public/private markets in natura and 10 chilled ones from supermarkets. Samples were processed using methodologies recommended by the Agriculture, Pecuary and Provision Ministry. Results demonstrated that 11 samples (45,83%) presented positive coagulasis staphylococcus (SCP) varying from 6.7 x 103 to 1.4 x 106 UFC/g, corresponding to 27 isolated from a total of 89. In total coliforms analyses, five samples (20.83%) presented satisfactory sanitary conditions and 19 (79.16%) had countings varying from 4.3 x 103 to 3.7 x 107, thermotolerants coliforms were detected in 15 (62.5%), which countings varied from 2 x 104 to 2.5 x 107 UFC/g and nine samples (37.5%) presented satisfactory sanitary conditions. Presence of Salmonella spp., was confirmed at seven samples (29.17%) in which eight sorovares were typed: four (50%) Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae (O:53), two (25%) S. Anatum, one (12.50%) S.Rubislaw and one (12, 50%) S. Derby. No correlation was observed among coliforms and Salmonella presure. Antimicrobial profile sensibility showed that S. aureus were sensitive to norfloxacin and vancomicin (100%), tetraciclin and sulpha + trimetoprim (96.30%) and oxacilin (87.50%) and 100 % of Salmonella spp. samples were sensitive norfloxacin, 75% sulpha + trimetoprim and 62.5% tetraciclin. It is concluded that goat meat sold at markets and supermarkets of Recife presented undesirable microbiological patterns emphasizing the importance of a strong supervision at the productive goat meat chain as well as a revision of the Resolution of Collective Management from the National Agency of Sanitary Vigilance, (RDC, n°12/2001) which does not establish microbiological patterns for the coliforms and Staphylococcus spp countings in chilled and in natura goat meat.
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da carne caprina in natura e resfriada, comercializada em mercados públicos/privados e supermercados na Cidade do Recife, quanto a contagem de Staphylococcus aureus, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, e identificação e tipificação de Salmonella spp. Realizou-se, também, o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de amostras de Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella spp e a correlação entre a presença simultânea de coliformes fecais e Salmonella spp. O estudo foi realizado em seis mercados públicos/privados e nove supermercados da Cidade do Recife, selecionados seguindo a divisão administrativa da Secretaria de Saúde do Município em seis Distritos Sanitários. Foram analisadas 24 amostras de carne caprina, sendo 14 in natura procedentes de mercados públicos/privados e 10 resfriadas de supermercados. As amostras foram processadas utilizando metodologias preconizadas pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Os resultados demonstraram que 11 (45,83%) amostras apresentaram contagens de estafilococos coagulase positiva (SCP) variando de 6,7 x 103 a 1,4 x 106 UFC/g, correspondendo a 27 isolados de um total de 89. Para coliformes totais, cinco (20,83%) amostras encontravam-se em condições sanitárias satisfatórias e 19 (79,16%) apresentaram contagens variando de 4,3 x 103 a 3,7 x 107; e para termotolerantes 15 (62,5%) apresentaram contagens variando de 1,2 x 104 a 2,5 x 107 UFC/g e nove (37,5%) encontravam-se em condições sanitárias satisfatórias. Foram confirmadas em sete (29,17%) amostras a presença de Salmonella spp., nas quais foram tipificadas oito sorovares: quatro (50,00%) Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae (O:53), duas (25,00%) S. Anatum, uma (12,50%) S.Rubislaw, uma (12,50%) S. Derby. Não se observou correlação entre as bactérias estudadas. O perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana demonstrou que os antibióticos mais indicados para o tratamento de S. aureus foram norfloxacina e vancomicina (100%), tetraciclina e sulfa + trimetoprim (96,30%) e oxacilina (87,50%) e para Salmonella spp. 100% das amostras foram sensíveis à norfloxacina, 75,00% à sulfa + trimetoprim e 62,5% para tetraciclina. Conclui-se que a carne caprina comercializada nos mercados e supermercados da Cidade do Recife apresentou padrões microbiológicos indesejáveis ressaltando a importância da necessidade de uma maior fiscalização na cadeia produtiva da carne caprina bem como rever a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (RDC, n°12/2001) que não estabelece padrões microbiológicas para a contagem de coliformes termotolerantes e Staphylococcus spp. em carne caprina in natura e resfriada.
Abouzeed, Yousef. "Etude du rôle des opérons mar, sox, ram dans la multirésistance aux antibiotiques chez Salmonella enterica sérovar typhimurium." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4042/document.
Full textNontyphoidal salmonellae are accountable for :most foodborne infections in Europe and other developped countries. Infection with salmonella is often associated with consumption of foods of animal origin. Antibiotic treatment is not requiered for salmonella gastroenteritis but is essential for patients at high risk of extra-intestinal disease. For many years chloramphenicol, ampicillin, strepromycin, sulfonamides and tetracycline were drugs of choice. The emergence of Salmonella gastroenteritis resistant to these antibiotics has limited theirs therapeutics value. Althouth, fluoroquinolones have proven effective alternatives to treat multidrug resistant straint particularly S.Typhimurium DT104 et 204, résistance to these agents has also emerged. This has been a serious problem both in human and veterinary medicine. In salmonella, fluoroquinolones resistance has been attributed to mutations in the genes coding for gyrase, and topoisomerase IV and also to active efflux pumps. The efflux pump AcrAB is known to play a major role in multidrug rresistance. In E.Coli, acrAB expression is regulated at the lowest level by the local repressor AcrR and at a more glogal level it is regulated by stress conditions and by global regulators like MarA, SoxS or Rob. Overexpression pump AcrAB can confer resistance to wide range of antimicrobial agents and organic solvents which occurs as a result of mutations in one of the genes coding for the regulators. In contrast to E. Coli, mutations in the regulotry regions were not found in multidrug resistant S.Typhimurium overexpressing acrAB genes. Overexpression of ramA also confers multidrug resistance through the activation of acrAB expression in Salmonella entrica. Nonetheless, little knowledge is available with regard to the involvement of mar, sox and ram regions in multidrug and fluoroquinolones resistance in Salmonella entrica
Duquenne, Manon. "Incidence de paramètres technologiques sur l'expression de gènes et la production d'entérotoxines de Staphylococcus aureus au cours des 72 h suivant l'empresurage des laits en fabrication fromagère." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569982.
Full textAbdallah, Marwan. "Étude et caractérisation de l'effet antibactérien de désinfectants sur les biofilms de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et de Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10010.
Full textThe biofilm formation in food and medical sectors represents a significant source of infections worldwide such as the foodborne and nosocomial ones. To prevent infections, the the first part of this PhD thesis has dealt with the effect of growth temperature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, cells on the theoretical prediction of bacterial adhesion to stainless steel and polycarbonate. The results showed that the bacterial background influenced the surface properties of bacterial cells and therefore the bacterial adhesion to the two selected surfaces. However, the mathematical theories seem to be inadequate to predict the bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces. Thereafter, a static biofilm reactor was established. This system has served to study the effect of the growth temperature, surface type and incubation time on the biofilm resistance to disinfectants. In order to understand the mechanisms of biofilm resistance to disinfectants, the investigations were carried out at a microscopic and macroscopic level. In fact, the three-dimensional structure of biofilms was investigated under the conditions selected for this study. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative studies of the biofilm matrix were also realized. In addition, the membrane fluidity of sessile cells was investigated through the study of membrane fatty acid profiles. The results showed that the biofilm resistance is a complex phenomenon and depends on several parameters. The results also showed that the biofilm matrix cannot always explain the biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents. In fact, other factors related the physiological states of sessile bacteria are involved in this resistance
Khelissa, Simon Oussama. "Caractérisation des propriétés physiologiques associées aux cellules détachées de biofilms et étude des interactions aux interfaces entre bactéries et matériaux : cas de Staphylococcus aureus et Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10195.
Full textThe biofilm formation in food and medical sectors represents a significant source of foodborne and nosocomial diseases. Bacteria structured in biofilm can detach and colonize new surfaces. The microbiological risk associated with biofilm-detached bacteria is poorly studied. On one hand, the thesis concerned the study of growth conditions effect on the bacterial surface physicochemical properties as well as the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-detached and planktonic cells to stainless steel (SS) and polycarbonate (PC). The pathogenicity of both bacterial populations has also been studied. The results showed that the conditions and the mode of growth influence the surface properties and consequently the adhesion of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on the SS and the PC. In addition, growth temperature, surface type and physiological age of bacterial cells significantly influence their production of virulence factors and their cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells. On the other hand, the effect of growth temperature on the resistance of biofilm-detached and planktonic cells to benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was assessed. In order to understand the mechanisms of resistance at the cellular level, bacterial membrane damage associated with BAC was assessed by the efflux of intracellular K+ ions. In addition, the membrane fluidity of bacterial populations was characterized through the study of membrane fatty acid profiles. The results showed that resistance to BAC depends on the temperature and physiological state of the studied bacteria
Sevrin-Jaloustre, Séverine. "Appréciation quantitative des risques pour l'évaluation de mesures de maîtrise sanitaire dans une filière agro-alimentaire. Application à Clostridium perfringens en restauration hospitalière." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00781728.
Full textChagnot, Caroline. "Colonisation de la viande par Escherichia coli O157∶H7 : caractérisation moléculaire, cellulaire et tissulaire des interactions." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22448/document.
Full textEscherichia coli O157:H7 is the most prevalent serotype involved in foodborne infection by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). It is associated with life-threatening hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS), which essentially affect young children. The major food vector of EHEC contamination is ground beef. The primary bacterial contamination occurs during the slaughter, essentially at dehiding stage where bacteria can be transferred from hides to carcasses. The connective tissue surrounding the muscle, highly similar to extracellular matrix (ECM) could potentially be a support for bacterial adhesion. When investigating the adhesion and colonization to the main muscle fibrous ECM proteins, the great influence of growth conditions on subsequent bacterial attachment was shown. Maximal adhesion to ECM proteins occurred at 25°C and pH 7, especially to collagens I and III. In EHEC, various surface-exposed protein determinants can be expressed and potentially involved in ECM adhesion. Investigating the autoaggregation, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, the involvement of Antigen 43 (Ag43), an autotransporter protein, was demonstrated in E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Then, the attachment of E. coli O157:H7 to the meat was determined on two different model muscles, with different contractile and metabolic characteristic (Soleus oxidative, slow and EDL glycolytic, fast), previously characterized by UV microspectroscopy coupled to synchrotron radiation fluorescence. The different of muscle fiber types and the effect of a prolonged anoxia simulating maturing meat were discriminated by their spectral responses after excitation at 275 nm. It clearly appeared that bacteria displayed differential tropism as function of the muscle types, higher for the Soleus than the EDL muscles. While E. coli O157:H7 adhered similarly to the different types of muscle fibers, bacterial adherence essentially occurred at the ECM, pinpointing the key role of connective tissue for E. coli O157:H7 adhesion to meat. This first comprehensive investigation of bacterial adhesion to skeletal muscles at molecular, cellular and tissue levels provides new insight in the physiology of the colonization of meat by EHEC and constitutes a prerequisite for the development of innovative practices and strategies to minimize the risk of meat contamination
Mimouni, Rachida. "Yersinia enterocolitica et aliments : Contribution à l'amélioration des méthodes de détection, approche de la compréhension des mécanismes de virulence et de contamination." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10049.
Full textVINKLEROVÁ, Lucie. "Mládeží uplatňovaná prevence vybraných alimentárních nákaz v regionu Milevsko." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-156410.
Full textCardoso, Joana Isabel Garcia. "Estudo sobre intoxicações em animais de companhia no concelho de Loures." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/7093.
Full textNo presente estudo, foram observados 43 casos de intoxicação ou suspeita de intoxicação, em gatos e cães, durante 4 meses. Os 43 casos foram obtidos através da distribuição de questionários em centros de atendimento médico veterinário no concelho de Loures. Este estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização das intoxicações tendo em conta as características intrínsecas dos animais (espécie, género, via de intoxicação, idade, o habitat: meio rural ou meio urbano e o tipo de ambiente: indoor, outdoor ou ambos), verificando quais as intoxicações que ocorreram com maior frequência, a sua causa, os sinais clínicos associados, os exames complementares mais solicitados, o tratamento aplicado e a taxa de mortalidade resultante dessa intoxicação. Após análise estatística verificou-se que as intoxicações ocorreram maioritariamente em cães (72,1%). O género mais afetado em cães foram fêmeas (51,2%) e machos (83,2%) em gatos. Os cães eram maioritariamente de raça determinada (58,1%) e os gatos indeterminada (91,7%) e a maioria da amostra pertencia à faixa adulto (53,5%). De acordo com o tipo de ambiente, os cães encontravam-se outdoor (51,6%) e os gatos indoor (58,3%) e ambos em meio rural (69,8%). Os xenobióticos mais implicados nas intoxicações foram os fármacos em cães (29,0%) e gatos (50,0%), seguido dos rodenticidas e herbicidas/pesticidas (22,6%) em cães e os xenobióticos naturais em gatos (33,3%) e a via mais implicada foi a via oral (72,1%). Os sinais clínicos apresentados pelos animais foram sinais do sistema digestivo (93,0%), seguido dos sistemas nervoso (65,1%) e cardíaco (48,8%). Verificou-se que as maiores taxas de mortalidade se verificaram nos animais com sinais clínicos de cinco sistemas ou aparelhos de órgãos (75,0%), com sinais clínicos do aparelho urinário (70,0%) e com intoxicação por etilenoglicol (100%) e rodenticidas (62,5%). Os exames complementares mais solicitados foram as bioquímicas sanguíneas (30,2%) e hemograma (27,9%). Os tratamentos que apresentaram menor taxa de mortalidade foram: os banhos (0%); a antibioterapia, lavagens orais com clorhexidina, sedativos, corticosteroides, barbitúricos e benzodiazepinas (20,0%); provocar a emese (20,0%); administração de carvão ativado (26,7%) e antídoto (30,0%).
In the present study, we observed 43 cases of poisoning or suspected poisoning in cats and dogs, during four months. The 43 cases were obtained by distributing questionnaires in veterinary medical care centers in Loures municipality. This study aimed to characterize the poisoning cases taking into account the intrinsic characteristics of the animals (species, gender, intoxication route, age, habitat: rural or urban and the type of environment: indoor, outdoor or both), verifying which poisonings occurred more frequently, the etiology, the associated clinical signs, the most requested laboratory tests, the treatment applied and the resulting mortality rate of the poisoning. After statistical analysis it was found that the intoxication occurred mainly in dogs (72,1%). The gender most affected in dogs were female (51,2%) and male (83,2%) in cats. Dogs were mainly purebreed (58,1%) and cats crossbreed (91,7%) and they were all mainly adults (53,5%). According to the type of environment, dogs were mainly found outdoor (51,6%) and cats indoor (58,3%) and both in rural areas (69,8%). The most frequent xenobiotic involved were drugs in dogs (29,0%) and cats (50,0%), followed by rodenticides and herbicides/pesticides (22,6%) in dogs and natural xenobiotics in cats (33,3%) and the most implicated route was the oral route (72,1%). The clinical signs presented more frequently by the animals were signs of the digestive system (93,0%), followed by the nervous system (65,1%) and cardiac (48,8%). It was found that the highest mortality rates were found in animals with clinical signs of five organ systems or devices (75,0%), with clinical signs of the urinary tract (70,0%) and in ethyleneglycol (100%) and rodenticides (62,5%) poisoning. The most frequently ordered complementary diagnosis tests were blood biochemicals (30.2%) and hemogram (27,9%). The treatments that had the lowest mortality rate were: baths (0%); antibiotic treatment, oral rinses with chlorhexidine, sedatives, corticosteroids, barbiturates and benzodiazepines (20,0%); to induce emesis (20%); administration of activated charcoal (26,7%) and antidote (30,0%).