Academic literature on the topic 'Alimentary obesity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Alimentary obesity"
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Ibraimov, Abyt. "Alimentary Obesity: Genes or Heterochromatin?" International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 25, no. 04 (2025): 01–05. https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/742.
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Obesity is excessive fatty deposits in the subcutaneous tissue, organs and tissues. It is believed that the development of obesity contributes to: inactive lifestyle, genetic disorders, nutritional errors, endocrine pathologies, stress, etc. Obesity of different types have a similar general symptomatology; differences are observed in the presence or absence of endocrine or nervous system damage. In alimentary obesity, body weight increases gradually and there are no symptoms of endocrine gland involvement. The possible role of hereditary factors in the development of nutritional obesity is discussed here. This is usually understood as genes. We will consider the possible role of the non-genic part of the genome in the development of alimentary obesity.
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Kapliyeva, M. P., N. M. Yadchenco, N. A. Deboy, and E. V. Momot. "INCIDEBCE OF ALIMENTARY OBESITY BY SCREENING." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 3 (September 28, 2005): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2005-2-3-25.
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Obesity was found out in more then 60% under examination of Gomel people and abdominal type of obesity was dominated among males and females. Using questionaries authors showed less informated level of the people independed from professional education about complications of obesity and its prevention.
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Bayrasheva, V. K., I. Y. Pchelin, A. E. Egorova, V. N. Vasilkova, and O. V. Kornyushin. "EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF ALIMENTARY OBESITY IN RATS." Juvenis Scientia, no. 9-10 (2019): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2019.09-10.02.
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Among existing genetic and non-genetic models of obesity, the most widely used are the models of diet-induced obesity in rodents due to their relatively easy reproducibility and similarities to human pathogenesis of obesity. Within this review, we provide the analysis of diet-induced obesity models in rats, highlight attractive strengths as well as disadvantages of high-fat diets, fat or sugar choice diets, “cafeteria diets”, and “western diet”. Potential obesogenic mechanisms of the discussed models are analyzed. The directions of further studies required for an increase in reproducibility of experimental diet-induced obesity are proposed.
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Lyasnikova, M. B., N. A. Belyakova, I. G. Tsvetkova, A. A. Rodionov, and N. O. Milaya. "Risks for development of metabolic disorders in alimentary constitutional obesity." Obesity and metabolism 18, no. 4 (2022): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet12705.
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BACKGROUND: alimentary-constitutional obesity due to it’s high prevalence, is the key problem of modern healthcare system. However, obesity is not always accompanied with metabolic disorders, leading to early invalidization and mortality. That’s why it is important to study risks of metabolical nonhealth in obesity.AIM: to detect factors, increasing risks of development of metabolic disbalance in alimentary-constitutional obesity.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In patients with alimentary-constitutional obesity there was performed an examination including anthropometry (body mass index, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference,waist to hip ratio), blood pressure measurement, laboratory tests – metabolic indexes: glucose, insulin, insulin resistance indexes, leptin, cholesterol, cholesterol of lipoproteins, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamiltransferase), body composition measurement by bioelectrical impedance analysis; patients were also interviewed on their behavior (food habits) and physical activity.RESULTS: There were formed two groups depending on metabolic health indexes: main group – metabolically non-healthy obesity (MNHO) - 241 persons (aged 41±12,09, duration of obesity 12,5±9,51 years) with alimentary-constitutional obesity and two or more signs of MS, a comparison group – of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) – 120 persons (aged 35,5±10,03; p<0,05, duration of obesity 8,0±7,39 years; p<0,05) with alimentary-constitutional obesity and one sign of MS or without it. Data analysis of studied risk factors for development of metabolically non-healthy alimentary-constitutional obesity confirmed that most relevant factor in development of MNHO is abdominal fat mass distribution (increasing of Waist Circumference over 88 sm in females and over 102 sm in mails). At the same time MNHO had correlation not only with classical signs of MS, but also with blood insulin level, insulin resistance indexes, fat metabolism disbalance and liver disfunction. More severed risk for appearance of metabolic disorders have patients over 45 years old with decreased active cell mass (less than 45%), duration of obesity above 10 years and obesity-burdened heredity. In food habits risk of development of metabolically non-healthy obesity was increased in taking of fat milk food, and, on the contrary, - frequent snacks, alcohol free sweet drinks didn’t affect it.CONCLUSION: Development of MNHO is associated not only with the age of patient, duration of obesity, carbohydrate and fat metabolism indexes, but also with decreased percentage of metabolically active tissues and some food habits.
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Davydov, Victor V., Dmitry V. Medvedev, Dmitry R. Shodiev, and Marina S. Nekrasova. "Influence of exogenous melatonin on the oxidative status and the state of peroxidation of proteins in a rat model of alimentary obesity." Obesity and metabolism 15, no. 4 (2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet9561.
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Not only lipids, but also proteins are exposed to the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative modification of proteins (PBS) leads to a change in their native conformation with the formation of large aggregates, it causes inactivation of enzymes, disrupts the metabolism and functioning of cells. In addition, there is a growing interest in studying the hormone of the pineal gland called melatonin, as well as its synthetic analogues as the leading protection factors in the oxidative stress conditioned by disturbed physiological rhythms, including obesity. The peculiarities of protein peroxidation in the case of alimentary obesity, as well as the conditions affecting to this process, in contrast to lipid peroxidation (LPO), have not been studied sufficiently, that has determined the purpose of this study.
 Aim. To evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on the oxidative status and features of PBS in rats with alimentary obesity.
 Methods. The study was conducted on 27 white Wistar male rats with body weight 160180 grams. Animals were divided into 3 series of 9 rats in each: 1 series intact animals; 2 series animals with alimentary obesity, followed by the introduction of 0,9% sodium chloride solution in a volume of 2 ml for 12 days; 3 series animals with alimentary obesity followed by melatonin administration at a dose of 2 mg / kg rats for 12 days. Alimentary obesity was reproduced by feeding animals with high-calorie carbohydrate-fatty food, consisting of a laboratory feed "Assortment Agro" (42.5%), butter (25%) and sweet condensed milk (32.5%) for seven weeks. The maximum physical working capacity and resistance of rats to severe hypobaric hypoxia were determined. PBS was determined by the method of R. Levine in the modification of E.E. Dubinina. In addition, the lipid peroxidation marker TBA-reactive products (malonic dialdehyde MDA) was determined.
 Results. It has been established that the PBS in alimentary obesity is not specific, it is reflected in the increase in the areas of absorption of light from both the visible and ultraviolet of aldehyde and ketondinitrophenylhydrazones. In parallel with this, there was a marked increase in the concentration of TBA-reactive products in the blood serum in this pathology, as well as a significant decrease in the resistance of rats to hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia and maximum physical activity. The daily administration of a 2 mg/kg melatonin suspension to rats with alimentary obesity for 12 days leads to a significant decrease in the concentration of TBA-reactive products, however, the PBS is not significantly affected.
 Conclusion. Alimentary obesity in rats, simulated by the maintenance of animals on a high-calorie carbohydrate-fat diet, leads to an increase in the proportion of visceral fat in the body, an increase in the activity of PBS in the form of an increase in the level of carbonyl derivatives, a significant increase in the concentration of MDA, and a significant decrease in the stability of rats to hypobaric hypoxic hypoxia and maximum physical activity. When a melatonin suspension was administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg for 12 days, a stable high level of carbonyl derivatives was observed, in comparison with the intact series, which was explained by the need to use a greater concentration of the drug to increase its exposure time, which requires further study.
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Avendaño-Rodríguez, Griselda Belén, Teresita de Jesús Saucedo-Molina, and Lorena Trinidad Fernández-Cortés. "Asociación de ingesta alimentaria con riesgo de un trastorno alimentario, actividad física e índice de masa corporal en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos." Revista de la Sociedad Española De Beneficencia 4, no. 2 (2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46295/4:2.condal.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: During university life new routines and life-styles are adapted into conduct, which can associate to unfavorable changes in food consumption, alimentary-risk conducts (CAR) associated with alimentary-conduct disorders (TCA), sedentary life-style and restrained physical-activity (AF), which promote weight-gain and have repercussions on the body-mass index (IMC), enhancing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in such population. Objectives: The main objective for this study was to determine the association between the alimentary intake, CAR, AF, sedentary life-style and IMC in college students from Hidalgo state. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transversal analytic study in a probabilistic sample of 378 students of both sexes, ranging from 18 to 30 years old in Hidalgo, México. The frequency of food consumption, TCA-risk, sedentary lifestyle, and AF were measured by the means of previously validated and standardized scales. The patient’s IMC was calculated from self-reports. RESULTS: TCA-risk was slightly higher in women (38.1%) than in men (29%), nonetheless the difference was not significant. The consumption of certain food-groups presented a significant difference by sex, TCA-risk and AF class. 31.7% of the sample registered a sedentary life-style, with men exerting more AF than women. The sampled population reached a total prevalence of 28% of overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION: Overweight/obesity increased 2.19 times the risk for developing a TCA in the overall population. In women, this condition increased 3.27 times the risk. It was observed that female sex is a protective factor (in 64% of the cases) to develop overweight/obesity (RM= 0.36, p<0.01).
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ЖУКЕМБАЕВА, А. М., Б. Н. АСАН, А. Т. АБЫЛГАЗИЕВА, А. А. АЙТБАЙ, И. Г. МУРАТХАН, and М. Б. ЖАКСЫЛЫК. "THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ALIMENTARY OBESITY ON THE STATE OF LOCAL IMMUNITY OF THE VAGINAL MUCOSA AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE THERAPY OF BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS." Farmaciâ Kazahstana, no. 6 (January 13, 2022): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53511/pharmkaz.2021.23.83.002.
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Проведен анализ результатов стандартного лечения бактериального вагиноза у 143 больных с учетом наличия у них алиментарного ожирения. Все женщины, принимавшие участие в нашем исследовании, дали письменное информированное согласие на участие в нем. Лечение БВ проводилось по общепринятой методике метронидазолом и клиндамицином. В зависимости от наличия алиментарного ожирения больных бактериальным вагинозом разделили на 2 группы. В I группу вошли 97 без алиментарного ожирения. Во II группе у 46 больных отмечалось увеличение массы тела, соответствующее алиментарному ожирению II степени. Исследования проводили до начала лечения и через 14 суток после его завершения. Сравнительный анализ результатов лечения БВ в исследуемых группах показал, что на фоне АО II степени отмечались достоверно более выраженные увеличение количества «ключевых клеток» (P<0,05) и смещение pH в щелочную сторону (P<0,05) во II группе. При этом эффективность лечения у больных II группы, где отмечалось алиментарное ожирение II степени была достоверно меньше, чем в I (P<0,05), что свидетельствовало о негативном влиянии алиментарного ожирения на состояние локального иммунитета слизистой оболочки влагалища и результативность проводимой терапии бактериального вагиноза. The results of standard treatment of bacterial vaginosis in 143 patients were analyzed, taking into account the presence of alimentary obesity in them. All the women who took part in our study gave written informed consent to participate in it.BV was treated according to the generally accepted method with metronidazole and clindamycin. Depending on the presence of alimentary obesity, patients with bacterial vaginosis were divided into 2 groups. Group I included 97 people without alimentary obesity. In group II, 46 patients had an increase in body weight corresponding to alimentary obesity of the II degree. Studies were conducted before the start of treatment and 14 days after its completion. A comparative analysis of the results of BV treatment in the study groups showed that against the background of grade II AO, there was a significantly more pronounced increase in the number of "key cells" (P<0.05) and a pH shift to the alkaline side (P<0.05) in group II. At the same time, the effectiveness of treatment in group II patients with grade II alimentary obesity was significantly less than in group I (P<0.05), which indicated a negative effect of alimentary obesity on the state of local immunity of the vaginal mucosa and the effectiveness of the therapy of bacterial vaginosis.
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Lyasnikova, M. B., N. A. Belyakova, I. G. Tsvetkova, A. A. Rodionov, and A. V. Lareva. "Risk of Developing Severe Alimentary-Constitutional Obesity and Metabolic Disorders: Interventional Comparative Study." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 30, no. 1 (2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2023-30-1-49-57.
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Background. The relevance of alimentary-constitutional obesity, especially its severe forms, is associated with a number of metabolic disorders, subsequently leading to serious chronic noncommunicable diseases.Objective. To identify factors that increase the risk of severe alimentary-constitutional obesity and metabolic disorders.Methods. A follow-up group of 426 patients aged 18 to 65 years was formed among those seeking help from an endocrinologist for overweight or obesity. The diagnosis of alimentary-constitutional obesity was confirmed at the initial examination in the outpatient clinic setting. Depending on the severity of obesity and the type of fat deposition according to anthropometric data (body mass index, waist circumference), the study participants were ratified into two study groups. The research was conducted between 2010 and 2017 in outpatient settings and was based on a cross-sectional comparative study. In order to assess the risk of severe obesity and factors associated with it, the authors studied medical history data, results of physical examination, including blood pressure level, laboratory examination with analysis of carbohydrate, fat metabolism and liver function, assessed eating behaviour, and performed diagnosis of anxiety-depressive disorder. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using Statistica 10 (StatSoft, USA).Results. Women are more likely to see an endocrinologist with less severe obesity than men. Severe obesity risk is higher in middle-aged and elderly people, as well as in hereditary tainted patients and those having a history of obesity for more than 10 years. Severe obesity itself is a significant risk for metabolic events, with a 4-fold higher risk of hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia (due to very low density lipoproteins) and a 5-fold higher risk of hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance.Conclusion. Analysis of severe obesity risks has shown that earlier personal commitment to a healthy lifestyle is essential for weight loss and subsequent improvement of metabolic parameters, particularly in men and those aged 45 years or older.
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Latohuz, Serhii, Yuri Latogoose, Victor Maslo, Olga Biletska, and Alina Sushetska. "PHYSICAL REHABILITATION FOR YOUNG MEN WITH GRADE I AND II OBESITY." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 24, no. 3 (2024): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.3.127.
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The goal of this study is to study the role of exercise and dietary modification in the treatment of obesity in young men. Materials and methods. A study was conducted with 10 young men aged 25 to 30 who had a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 30 kg/m², indicative of obesity. The primary intervention combined diet therapy with increased physical activity. Most participants also had obesity-related comorbidities, including arterial hypertension, autonomic-vascular dystonia, type II diabetes, and spinal osteochondrosis. Patient motivation was considered crucial in program development, and thus only individuals with a high motivation level were selected for participation. Results and discussion. Based on data from dynamic observations, we can state that the physical therapy program studied has a positive effect on body weight reduction in cases of mild forms of alimentary obesity. After three months of participation, an average weight loss of 8.5% was observed, which represents a very favorable outcome. The results indicate that physical exercises combined with dietary adjustments positively influence weight loss dynamics in young men with grade 1 alimentary obesity. Weight loss occurred most rapidly during the first month of the program. Conclusion. The physical therapy program for grade 1 obesity involves a comprehensive approach, combining physical exercises conducted in a medical rehabilitation department with a specially designed dietary plan. This program is recommended for individuals with mild forms of alimentary obesity and a body mass index (BMI) up to 35 kg/m². After three months of implementing this approach, participants showed an average reduction in excess body weight of 8.5%. This physical therapy program may be effectively used for managing grade I obesity.
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Marushchak, Mariya, Inna Krynytska, Lyudmyla Mazur, Svitlana Yastremska, and Nina Begosh. "The thiol-disulfide homeostasis and its role in the pathogenesis of the experimental alimentary obesity." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 3 (2016): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i3.26290.
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Objective: According to WHO, about 30 % of people in the world are overweight that allows to characterize this disease as a new non-infection epidemic of the XXI century. More than 500 million people in the world are overweight and 250 million are obese. There is a clear tendency to increasing of alimentary obesity among people with different age, sex and nationality. The aim of the study is to investigate the thiol-disulfide homeostasis in liver tissue, adipose tissue and erythrocytes in the pathogenesis of experimental alimentary obesity.Materials and methods: 60 males, non-liner, white rats around 3 months of age with alimentary obesity were examined during the study. Experimental obesity was modeled by administering of sodium glutamate to the feed mixture in a ratio of 0.6:100.0 and adding high-calorie diet. The glutathione redox-system activity in erythrocytes, liver and adipose tissue were analyzed by the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity.Results and Discussion: The data indicate a decrease in GSH level within 14 days of the experiment in all investigated tissues. The same trend was observed in animals on 28th day of the experiment: GSH index decreased in blood, adipose tissue and liver (P<0.05). The index of GSSG have increased on 28th day of the experiment in all investigated tissues vs control group (P<0.05). The ratio of the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione contents was much lower vs control group in all the studied tissues within 28 days of the experiment. During additional investigation of the activity of thiol-disulfide system enzymes it was found that reducing the concentration of GSH in rats with alimentary obesity was due to the lack of thiol-disulfide system enzymes activity: GP and GR, which take part in the regeneration of GSH from GSSG.Conclusion: experimental alimentary obesity is characterized by a reduced redox state in blood, adipose and liver tissues, which is determinative in increasing the free radical reactions and accumulation of highly toxic lipoperoxides in the tissue substrates.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.419-423
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alimentary obesity"
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Dias, Juliana Chioda Ribeiro [UNESP]. "Diabetes mellitus: razão de prevalências e fatores e risco modificáveis nas regiões geográficas do Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88677.
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dias_jcr_me_arafcf.pdf: 366897 bytes, checksum: f63838584e9071dd33cbc8eb4944f6a7 (MD5)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir com o estudo do Diabetes mellitus (DM) na população brasileira. Para tanto, foi dividido em quatro capítulos. O capítulo 1 “Aspectos epidemiológicos da obesidade e sua relação com o Diabetes Mellitus”, trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica onde se discutem questões atuais sobre a obesidade e sua relação com o DM tipo 2. No segundo capítulo intitulado “Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e características da dieta: evidências epidemiológicas” estuda-se as evidências epidemiológicas que associam o consumo alimentar ao DM tipo 2. O terceiro capítulo, “Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e fatores de risco modificáveis no Brasil”, investiga a associação da prevalência de DM tipo 2 segundo o sexo com o sedentarismo, o tabagismo e o sobrepeso nos estados brasileiros. No último capítulo “Diabetes mellitus: razão de prevalências nas diferentes regiões geográficas no Brasil, 2002 – 2007” estimase a razão de prevalências do DM entre os períodos de 2002 a 2004 e 2005 a 2007nos diferentes estados brasileiros.<br>The aim of this work was to contribute with the study of Diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Brazilian population. Therefore it was divided in four chapters. The chapter 1 “Epidemiologic aspects of obesity and its relation to the Diabetes mellitus, treats of bibliographic revision in which it is discussed actual issues about obesity and its relation to the DM type 2. In the second chapter, named Diabetes mellitus type 2 and diet characteristics: epidemiologic evidences it is studied the epidemiologic evidences that associate the alimentary consumption to the DM type 2. The third chapter, “Diabetes mellitus type 2 and the factors of risk alterable in Brazil” investigates the prevalence association of the DM type 2, according to the sex to the sedentariness, tobaccoism and overweight in the Brazilian states. In the last chapter “Diabetes mellitus: reason of prevalences in different geographic regions in Brazil, 2002 – 2007 it’s estimated the reason of the prevalences of the DM among the period of 2002 to 2004 and 2005 to 2007 in different Brazilian states.
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Raimundo, Maria da Graça Beraldo de Brito. "Hábitos alimentares e obesidade infantil: o caso dos alunos do 1º ciclo de ensino básico em dois concelhos do Distrito de Évora." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16143.
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Esta investigação tem como objetivo identificar quais os hábitos alimentares das crianças, avaliar em que medida é que os hábitos alimentares influenciam a obesidade infantil. Pretende ainda determinar a prevalência da obesidade infantil nos alunos do 1.° Ciclo de Ensino básico em dois concelhos do Distrito de Évora e, em função dos resultados, pretende apresentar uma estratégia de intervenção para combate a obesidade infantil. O interesse do estudo reside, assim, em relacionar os hábitos alimentares com a obesidade infantil e na exploração dos mecanismos de interação presentes no domínio da cooperação interinstitucional, na perspetiva da elaboração de um plano de intervenção. O método de investigação adotado no presente trabalho foi o método quantitativo uma vez que se pretende verificar a associação entre os hábitos alimentares e a obesidade e ainda, calcular a prevalência da obesidade nas escolas do 1.° Ciclo do Ensino Básico do em dois concelhos do distrito de Évora, determinar a prevalência de pré-obesidade e obesidade por sexo, por idade e ano de escolaridade. Os principais resultados do estudo sugerem que a prevalência de obesidade infantil nos alunos do 1.° Ciclo do Ensino Básico de dois concelhos do distrito de Évora é de 8,6% e que a prevalência de pré-obesidade é de 20,2%, desta forma 28,8% das crianças estão em risco de se tornarem obesas na vida adulta. No referente aos hábitos alimentares pode-se constatar que de uma maneira geral a população estudada apresenta algumas práticas alimentares corretas. No entanto continua-se a verificar o consumo diário de alimentos menos aconselhados tal como doces e refrigerantes. Perante os resultados do estudo é de admitir que adequadas politicas e práticas de promoção para a saúde, com particulares recursos às estratégias de educação para a saúde, podem contribuir de forma categórica para a modificação dos hábitos de vida menos saudáveis das crianças. Neste caso concreto a mudança de práticas alimentares menos adequadas e o aumento da atividade física, fatores fundamentais para a diminuição da prevalência da obesidade infantil. Representando a família e a escola vetores essenciais para que ocorram tais alterações. /ABSTRACT - The investigation has the purpose of identifying which are the children’s alimentary habits; evaluate the relationship between the alimentary habits and the children’s obesity. It was also the purpose of knowing the prevalence of children's obesity among the pupils from primary school in two municipalities of Évora, and according to the results it has the aim of presenting a strategy of intervention in order to face the children’s obesity. So, the importance of the study is not only understanding the relationship between the alimentary habits and the children's obesity but also the exploration of the mechanisms of interaction which take part of the cooperation between different institutions in order to prepare a plain of intervention. The method of the research was the quantitative method because it wants to verify the relationship between alimentary habits and children's obesity; calculate the prevalence of the obesity in primary schools from the municipalities of Évora and determinate the existence of the relationship between overweight and obesity according to the gender, the age and the degree at school. The main results, point to the fact that the prevalence of children's obesity in the primary schools of two municipalities in Évora are about 8,6% and the overweight are 20,2%, so that, 28,8% of the children has the chance of being obese in adult life. In what concerns to de alimentary habits, the results suggest that the population of study has correct alimentary habits. However, there is persistence in consuming sweets and industrial juices. According to the results it can be admitted that adequate policies and health promotional behaviors, with the resource to health educational strategies, can contribute very strongly to the modification of the children's unhealthy ways of living. In this specific case the changing of the inadequate alimentary habits and the increasing of physical activity are fundamental factors to the decrease of children's obesity prevalence, as family and school are essential factors for these modifications to occur.
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Dias, Juliana Chioda Ribeiro. "Diabetes mellitus : razão de prevalências e fatores e risco modificáveis nas regiões geográficas do Brasil /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88677.
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Orientador: Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos<br>Banca: Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos<br>Banca: Cintia Alessandra Matiucci Pereira<br>Banca: João Bosco Faria<br>Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir com o estudo do Diabetes mellitus (DM) na população brasileira. Para tanto, foi dividido em quatro capítulos. O capítulo 1 "Aspectos epidemiológicos da obesidade e sua relação com o Diabetes Mellitus", trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica onde se discutem questões atuais sobre a obesidade e sua relação com o DM tipo 2. No segundo capítulo intitulado "Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e características da dieta: evidências epidemiológicas" estuda-se as evidências epidemiológicas que associam o consumo alimentar ao DM tipo 2. O terceiro capítulo, "Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e fatores de risco modificáveis no Brasil", investiga a associação da prevalência de DM tipo 2 segundo o sexo com o sedentarismo, o tabagismo e o sobrepeso nos estados brasileiros. No último capítulo "Diabetes mellitus: razão de prevalências nas diferentes regiões geográficas no Brasil, 2002 - 2007" estimase a razão de prevalências do DM entre os períodos de 2002 a 2004 e 2005 a 2007nos diferentes estados brasileiros.<br>Abstract: The aim of this work was to contribute with the study of Diabetes mellitus (DM) in the Brazilian population. Therefore it was divided in four chapters. The chapter 1 "Epidemiologic aspects of obesity and its relation to the Diabetes mellitus, treats of bibliographic revision in which it is discussed actual issues about obesity and its relation to the DM type 2. In the second chapter, named Diabetes mellitus type 2 and diet characteristics: epidemiologic evidences it is studied the epidemiologic evidences that associate the alimentary consumption to the DM type 2. The third chapter, "Diabetes mellitus type 2 and the factors of risk alterable in Brazil" investigates the prevalence association of the DM type 2, according to the sex to the sedentariness, tobaccoism and overweight in the Brazilian states. In the last chapter "Diabetes mellitus: reason of prevalences in different geographic regions in Brazil, 2002 - 2007 it's estimated the reason of the prevalences of the DM among the period of 2002 to 2004 and 2005 to 2007 in different Brazilian states.<br>Mestre
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Romer, Michael. "Sensations hédoniques impliquées dans le contrôle de la prise alimentaire chez l'homme : alliesthésie alimentaire et Rassasiement sensoriel spécifique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728852.
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Le contrôle de la prise alimentaire est un processus complexe et multifactoriel contrôlé par le système nerveux central. Elle est impliquée dans la régulation du poids corporel, la fourniture de substrats énergétiques ainsi que dans l'apport d'un grand nombre de nutriments nécessaires pour couvrir les besoins spécifiques de l'organisme. Parmi tous les facteurs impliqués dans la prise alimentaire, les sensations hédoniques jouent un rôle important dans les choix alimentaires et la limitation de l'ingestion. La partie théorique de cette thèse prend en considération les aspects physio-anatomiques du contrôle de la prise alimentaire, notamment le plaisir sensoriel et son évaluation, dans le cadre des trois phénomènes hédoniques principaux : le rassasiement conditionné (RC), l'alliesthésie alimentaire (AA) et le rassasiement sensoriel spécifique (RSS). La partie expérimentale tente d'évaluer l'impact des diverses manipulations des aliments (ajout de condiments non-caloriques ou caloriques aux aliments simples et aux mets préparés, offrir des condiments de manière successive ou simultanée, alternance des aliments dans un repas) sur les sensations hédoniques et sur la prise alimentaire à court terme. Quatre études ont été réalisées chez des sujets humains des deux genres, de poids normal et en surpoids. La première étude comprenait trois expériences avec des aliments simples suggérant que le rassasiement spécifique et la prise énergétique dépendent des propriétés sensorielles des aliments et donc de la stimulation sensorielle exercée sur les récepteurs oro-pharyngiens. Dans les conditions expérimentales présentes, l'influence du RSS s'est avérée plus importante que celle de l'AA dans la limitation de l'ingestion spécifique. Toutefois, cette limitation par le RSS a pu être repoussée par la modification des propriétés sensorielles de l'aliment consommé jusqu'au rassasiement spécifique : en parallèle avec la re-augmentation du plaisir pour la saveur, l'ingestion était repris lorsqu'un deuxième aliment de saveur distincte était offert, ou lorsque des condiments non-caloriques étaient ajoutés à l'aliment consommé. La deuxième étude reprenait les données de la première en fonction des caractéristiques anthropométriques et démographiques des sujets et mettait en évidence un contrôle hédonique de la prise alimentaire similaire chez les personnes obèses et de poids normal avec des aliments simples non assaisonnés et non transformés. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'impact de la nature et de la présentation des stimuli alimentaires sur la prise alimentaire peut être plus important que celui des traits liés aux personnes, comme le sexe, l'âge ou l'IMC. La troisième étude introduisait une diversité alimentaire soit successive soit simultanée par ajout de condiments à un repas de type " fast food ", avec pour effet une augmentation du plaisir alimentaire et des quantités ingérées. La diversité successive a été plus efficace sur l'augmentation de l'ingestion que l'accès simultané aux condiments. Ces résultats laissent penser que le renouvellement de la stimulation sensorielle produirait une perturbation du rassasiement sensoriel spécifique, expliquant l'augmentation de la consommation et pouvant jouer un rôle dans l'actuelle épidémie d'obésité. La quatrième étude évaluait l'impact de différents niveaux d'alternance des aliments. Une alternance modérée dans un repas comprenant deux plats différents augmentait la prise alimentaire à court terme, probablement par suite d'une perturbation de l'habituation sensorielle à une saveur donnée, apportant une explication à l'augmentation de l'ingestion avec des repas sensoriellement variés. Des alternances multiples des aliments diminuaient en revanche la consommation, probablement par l'effet d'une surstimulation sensorielle...
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Marinho, Viviane Rosa. "Tratamento da Neofobia Alimentar em pacientes com obesidade associada ou não à compulsão alimentar." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4979.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Tendo como base a visão evolucionista e a abordagem terapêutica cognitivo-comportamental, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um protocolomodificado de tratamento para pessoas obesas com compulsão alimentar periódica.A idéia norteadora é que estratégias que foram úteis para a sobrevivência daespécie poderiam estar influenciando no ganho de peso. Entre estas estratégias,destacam-se: a tendência a consumir uma grande quantidade de alimentos, facilitando o consumo de alimentos hipercalóricos; e a neofobia alimentar, dificultando o consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras. Obedecendo à lógicaancestral herdada pela espécie, a primeira proporciona reservas para momentos deescassez de alimentos e a segunda implica em uma recusa em consumir alimentosdesconhecidos evitando que substâncias tóxicas sejam ingeridas. Ambos os fatores poderiam contribuir para a obesidade. Os tratamentos convencionais buscam controlar a ingestão calórica. O que aqui se propõe, além desse controle, é tentardiminuir o nível de neofobia alimentar. Com essa hipótese de trabalho espera-se aumentar o consumo de alimentos, principalmente os mais saudáveis e hipocalóricos, contribuindo para reduzir a ingestão de alimentos hipercalóricos. Otratamento incluiu técnicas de exposição, modelação e imitação adicionadas a umtratamento já utilizado para obesos com compulsão alimentar periódica. Foram criados dois grupos, o primeiro com 4 participantes funcionando como grupo decontrole, que recebeu um tratamento convencional de TCC; o outro, com 6 participantes aqui denominado grupo de intervenção, que recebeu o tratamento deTCC modificado. A pesquisa foi qualificada como quase-experimental. O resultadoobtido foi uma redução do índice de neofobia alimentar, do Índice de massa corporal, um aumento no consumo de alimentos saudáveis e a redução de gordurase açúcares no chamado grupo de intervenção. Embora tenha alcançado estes resultados, o tratamento ainda precisa ser reformulado e ampliado.<br>Based on the evolutionary vision and cognitive-behavioral therapy approach,the objective was to propose a modified protocol of treatment for overweight peoplewith binge eating. The guiding idea is that the strategies that were useful for thesurvival of the species could have contributed to weight gain. Among these strategiesare: the tendency to consume a large amount of food, facilitating the consumption ofcalorie foods, and food neophobia, making the consumption of fruits and vegetables.According to the logic inherited the ancestral species, the first provides reserves fortimes of food shortages and the second implies a refusal to consume food thatavoiding unknown toxic substances are ingested. Both factors could contribute toobesity. Conventional treatments seek to control caloric intake. What is proposedhere, and this control is to try to reduce the level of food neophobia. With this workinghypothesis is expected to increase food intake, especially low-calorie and healthierby helping to reduce the intake of calorie. Treatment included exposure techniques,modeling and imitation added to an already used to treat obese patients with bingeeating. We created two groups, the first with 4 participants working as a control groupwho received conventional treatment of TCC, the other with 6 participants here calledthe intervention group, who received the modified treatment of TCC. The researchwas described as a quasi-experimental. The result was a reduction in the rate of foodneophobia, the body mass index, an increased consumption of healthy foods andreduce fats and sugars called in the intervention group. Although it has achievedthese results, the treatment still needs to be reformed and expanded.
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Vaz, Rita Alexandra Reis. "Psicodinâmica da compulsão alimentar." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2542.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica, apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário<br>O problema em estudo visa a análise e compreensão dos distúrbios alimentares, mais concretamente, da compulsão alimentar sob uma óptica das relações de objecto e aspectos ligados ao processo simbólico. A investigação coaduna-se segundo o quadro referencial teórico psicanalítico.
Entre os vários estudos, que têm sido realizados no âmbito desta temática, surgem fortes indícios de que na base dos distúrbios alimentares encontramos a problemática narcísica. São apontadas múltiplas causas extrínsecas, ligadas à vivência emocional dos indivíduos ao longo do seu desenvolvimento, que aparentam estar na origem deste tipo de perturbação. Em vários estudos, o acto de comer, encontra-se relacionado com os estados de ansiedade. Por outro lado, este é um tema transversal a várias áreas de investigação, desde a biologia, neurologia, psicologia, entre outras, e de onde surgem por vezes resultados pouco esclarecedores e até contraditórios. Com este estudo, pretende-se atingir, um conhecimento mais aprofundado e específico, ligado às temáticas narcísicas, do controlo, da compulsão e explorar a eventual existência de uma vertente sádico-masoquista do padrão de repetição de comportamentos indesejados.
Os participantes constituem uma amostra de cinco elementos do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os vinte e os trinta e seis anos. Todas as participantes apresentam um quadro de depressão, que inclui sintomas de distúrbios alimentares e cada uma destas mulheres apresenta um grau moderado de obesidade. A recolha da informação é feita por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, cujas perguntas, reenviam para um determinado tema/assunto intimamente ligado ao problema em estudo. São esperados resultados que melhor definam a dinâmica da compulsão alimentar. Desta forma pretende-se também aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre a natureza simbólica deste tipo de distúrbio.<br>ABSTRACT: The problem under study concerns the analysis and understanding of eating disorders, more specifically, of binge eating in a perspective of object relations and aspects relating to the symbolic process. The research is consistent according to psychoanalytic theoretical framework.
Among the various studies that have been conducted in this area, there are strong indications that the basis of eating disorders find the problematic narcissistic and multiple extrinsic causes are identified, linked to the emotional experience of individuals throughout their development, they appear to be the source of this type of disturbance. In several studies, the act of eating is related to anxiety. On the other hand it is a subject to several transverse areas of research, from biology, neurology, psychology, among others, and from which emerge sometimes results not very clear, and even contradictory. It seeks to achieve this study, a deeper knowledge and on specific thematic ace narcissistic themes of control, compulsion and explore the possible sadistic-masochistic aspect of the repeating pattern of unwanted behavior.
The participants represent a sample of five elements female aged between twenty and thirty-six years. All subjects presenting with symptoms of depression, including eating disorders and symptoms of each of these women will have a moderate degree of obesity. The collection of information is done through semi-structured interviews, whose questions, send back for a specific topic / issue closely linked to the problem under study. Results are expected to better define the dynamics of binge eating. Thus the aim is also to deepen the knowledge about the symbolic nature of this type of disorder.
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Rodrigues, Maria Luísa Ayres de Miranda da Costa. "Distúrbios alimentares associados a patologias orais." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5238.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária<br>Os distúrbios alimentares são um problema de saúde a nível mundial. Com a sua prevalência a aumentar, torna-se cada vez mais importante a sua integração nas várias áreas de saúde, incluindo a Medicina Dentária.
Alguns fatores sociais como a pressão sobre manter o corpo em forma e obter um estilo de vida saudável podem contribuir para a ocorrência destas desordens. O género feminino é o mais afetado, no entanto o número de casos do género masculino tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos.
Com a ocorrência de distúrbios alimentares, todo corpo humano é afetado sofrendo alterações a vários níveis e áreas. A cavidade oral é uma dessas áreas. O âmbito desta dissertação é explorar de que forma a saúde oral pode ser prejudicada, observando como distintas patologias que nela ocorrem se relacionam com os distintos distúrbios alimentares.
O objetivo desta revisão bibliográfica é apresentar conceitos, características e sintomas dos distúrbios alimentares e associar as suas manifestações na cavidade oral.
Patologias orais como erosão, cárie dentária, xerostomia, bruxismo, hipertrofia das glândulas salivares e lesões nos tecidos moles, destacam-se em pacientes que sofram de perturbações alimentares. Todas elas serão abordadas nesta revisão bibliográfica.
Para a elaboração desta tese, foi efetuada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados, “PubMed/Medline”, “Science Direct” e Chohrane library, utilizando como palavras-chave: eating disorders, anorexia, obesity, bulimia, tooth erosion, oral health, mouth diseases.
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O papel do médico dentista é indispensável para estes pacientes. Detetar as lesões numa fase inicial, criar estratégias preventivas para o tratamento de novas lesões e controlar a progressão das lesões existentes, fazem parte das várias funções que o dentista tem.
Sendo este um problema de saúde tão grave e abrangente é necessário que tenha a devida atenção dos profissionais de saúde. Com uma equipa multidisciplinar de várias áreas da saúde, incluindo a medicina dentária, é possível não só auxiliar este pacientes, bem como trata-los e trazer-lhes melhor qualidade de vida.<br>Eating disorders are a worldwide health issue. With its prevalence increasing, it becomes more and more important to integrate them in the various areas of health, including dentistry.
Some social factors such as pressure on keeping the body in shape and getting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to the occurrence of these disorders. The female gender is most affected, however the number of male gender cases has been increasing in recent years.
With the occurrence of eating disorders, all of the human body is affected, suffering alterations in different levels and areas. The oral cavity is one of these areas. The aim of this dissertation is to figure out how oral health can be affected, by watching the various diseases that can happen on it, and how they relate to eating disorders.
The purpose of this literature review is to present concepts, characteristics and symptoms of eating disorders and associate them with its manifestations in the oral cavity.
Oral pathologies such as erosion, dental cavities, xerostomia, bruxism, enlarged salivary gland and soft tissue injuries, can occur in patients suffering from eating disorders. All of them will be addressed in this literature review.
To elaborate this thesis ,was performed a research in databases such as " PubMed / Medline ," " Science Direct " and Chohrane library , using as keywords : eating disorders , anorexia, obesity , bulimia, tooth erosion , oral health , mouth diseases. The role of the dentist is essential for these patients. Detecting lesions at an early stage, create preventive strategies for the treatment of new lesions and monitoring the progression of existing lesions, are part of several functions that the dentist has.
This is such a serious and increasing health issue that it is necessary that the health professionals pay attention to it. With a multidisciplinary team of several health care areas, including dentistry, we can not only assist these patients and treat them but also bring them better quality of life.
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Chelminski, Yan. "Interactions olfacto-alimentaires : étude fonctionnelle de la plasticité du système olfactif chez deux modèles murins de l’obésité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS129/document.
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La compréhension des mécanismes cérébraux régulant la prise alimentaire est devenue cruciale face à la pandémie mondiale d’obésité. L’ingestion d’aliments est sous le contrôle d’un large réseau de structures cérébrales qui régulent la balance énergétique en régulant l’apport de nourriture et la dépense énergétique. Etant donné l’importance de l’olfaction dans l’appréciation des aliments, il est primordial d’identifier des mécanismes précis liant olfaction et nutrition.Nous avons choisi d’étudier l’activité dans le Bulbe Olfactif principal (BO), la première structure cérébrale qui permet la représentation spatiotemporelle des odeurs. De façon intéressante, des récepteurs aux hormones anorexigènes et orexigènes sont exprimés à la fois dans l’hypothalamus et le BO. Toutefois, l’impact de la leptine (et de l’obésité) sur l’activité du BO in vivo demeure inconnu.Pour évaluer l’action de la leptine et de l’obésité sur la plasticité olfactive, nous avons choisi le modèle murin ob/ob. Nous avons d’abord décrit la répartition spatiale de l’activité dans le BO en réponse à une odeur alimentaire et à une odeur neutre chez ces souris en les comparant à des souris témoins grâce une technique de neuroimagerie fonctionnelle, l’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique renforcée au Manganèse (MEMRI). Par le développement d’une méthode de comparaison statistique indépendant de l’utilisateur, le SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping), nous avons mis en évidence une augmentation de l’activité spontanée et de l’activité induite par odeur alimentaire dans le BO des ob/ob. Cependant, l’activité induite par une odeur neutre n’était pas plus élevée. L’injection de leptine a pour résultat d’augmenter le signal MEMRI dans les couches profondes du BO et ne restaure que partiellement l’activité des ob/ob. En quantifiant la neurogenèse dans le BO par injections de BrdU, nous avons mis en évidence une survie accrue des cellules granulaires et périglomerulaires chez les ob/ob.Pour évaluer la dynamique temporelle de l’activité du BO, nous avons enregistré par électrophysiologie les variations de l’activité oscillatoire du potentiel de champ local dans les couches profondes du BO pendant l’apprentissage d’une tâche de discrimination olfactive, le Go/NoGo. L’apparition d’une oscillation lente dite bêta (15-40 Hz) pendant cet apprentissage est un marqueur fonctionnel de l’état du réseau olfactif. Elle est dépendante des retours centrifuges provenant du cortex olfactif, majoritairement du cortex piriforme. Si nous n’avons pas observé de différence importante dans la discrimination olfactive, nous avons en revanche mis en évidence un problème motivationnel chez les animaux ob/ob, qui n’effectuaient la tâche que si la récompense hydrique contenait du sucre. Nos enregistrements montrent une forte augmentation des oscillations bêta chez les souris obèses après apprentissage comparé aux souris témoins<br>Olfaction makes possible both the detection and the processing of odors related to food location and palatability. Interestingly, receptors to anorexigen and orexigen hormones and neuropeptides found in the hypothalamus are also expressed in the main olfactory bulb (MOB), suggesting that feeding state has an impact on odor representation. However, neuronal mechanisms linking olfaction, food intake and metabolic disorders are still unclear. In this PhD thesis, we wanted to further understand mechanisms of the olfactory-feeding crosstalk and tested the effects of obesity on olfactory activity in the MOB. Leptin, a peptidergic hormone produced by adipocytes, is a major regulator of the energy balance and inhibits food intake. Ob/ob mice are deficient in leptin from birth and are widely used as a murine model of obesity. We used a functional neuroimaging technique, Manganese Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MEMRI), in association with statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to monitor food odor-evoked spatial activity in the MOB of these mice. Using MEMRI, we found that odor-evoked signal is different, both in terms of intensity and localization between lean and ob/ob mice for the spontaneous activity and in response to food odor. However, this is not the case for a neutral odor. Moreover, leptin impacts both spontaneous activity and food odor-evoked signal intensity in both groups. Interestingly leptin strongly activates deep layers (mitral cell layer and mainly granule cell layer) of the MOB. To pinpoint what cellular/molecular mechanisms can be responsible for these changes in the spatial distribution of activity, we analyzed the effects of the lack of leptin on the composition and activity of the MOB cellular network.We quantified bulbar adult neurogenesis and found that 21 days after BrdU injections, a cell birth marker, ob/ob mice showed an increased number of both new periglomerular and granular cells as compared to control, suggesting that leptin regulates new neuron elimination. We also tested whether an inflammation could be occurring in the MOB. Using RTPCR of different neuronal and glial markers we did not observe strong signs of inflammation. Then we probed changes in local network activity in the deep layers of the MOB by recording local field potentials during a Go/NoGo odor discrimination task. We observed that the power of beta oscillations, the functional marker of the olfactory network between the MOB and the olfactory cortex, is way higher in the MOB of ob/ob mice compared to control mice
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Pereira, Ana Rita Freixo. "Dietary interventions to prevent childhood obesity: a literature review." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9340.
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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição<br>Introdução: A obesidade tem aumentando em todo o mundo, sendo as crianças em particular um motivo de preocupação para a saúde pública. A obesidade é uma doença multifatorial complexa. Acredita-se que o rápido aumento da obesidade infantil ao nível populacional possa ser decorrente de interações genes-ambiente, potencializadas por um ambiente obesogénico cada vez mais permissivo, incorporado num modelo contextual com diferentes níveis de determinantes. Sabe-se que a alimentação e outros hábitos são moldados nas etapas iniciais da vida e mantidos até a idade adulta. Portanto, várias intervenções, incluindo mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, foram feitas com a intenção de prevenir/reduzir a obesidade infantil. Sabe-se que a maioria delas tem falhado no combate à epidemia da obesidade.
Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo rever a literatura existente sobre intervenções alimentares para prevenção da obesidade infantil e avaliar a sua efetividade.
Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica usando o motor de busca PubMed Central®. Os termos usados para esta pesquisa foram “(pediatric obesity) OR (childhood obesity) AND (primary prevention) AND diet”. Somente artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, escritos em inglês e conduzidos em humanos foram incluídos. Nesta pesquisa, foram considerados 17 estudos. Outros artigos adicionais foram incluídos nesta tese (n=84), resultantes de uma pesquisa em snowball ou para contextualizar as intervenções alimentares para a prevenção da obesidade infantil, totalizando 101 referências.
Resultados: A maioria dos estudos incluídos nesta revisão foram intervenções realizadas em contexto escolar, com algumas abordando toda a comunidade e incluindo algumas intervenções no setor alimentar (por exemplo, taxação de produtos com elevado teor de gordura/açúcar, sistema de rotulagem único) e através dos meios de comunicação de massa (por exemplo, restrições à publicidade para crianças) que direta ou indiretamente poderiam ajudar a combater a obesidade infantil.
A maioria dos programas/intervenções realizados foca-se principalmente em abordagens educacionais baseadas no indivíduo, como sessões de educação nutricional/alimentar, aliadas à promoção de atividade física e estilos de vida para os estudantes, pais e funcionários da escola, e menos em mudanças ambientais que fomentem uma oferta de escolhas mais saudáveis. Apenas alguns ensaios clínicos focaram-se na capacitação e mudanças de macropolíticas, como a adaptação do ambiente escolar, servindo porções menores e aumentando a disponibilidade e acessibilidade de alimentos saudáveis e água nas escolas, e restringindo o acesso a máquinas de venda automática, por exemplo.
No geral, a maioria dos estudos de intervenção não mostrou efeitos consistentes na alteração do índice de massa corporal das crianças; mostraram apenas pequenas reduções de peso, clinicamente irrelevantes ou nenhum efeito. Pouco se sabe sobre a sustentabilidade das intervenções ao longo do tempo. No entanto, outros resultados positivos, como a mudança de comportamento alimentar ou melhoria do desempenho de atividade física, foram descritos.
Conclusões: A maioria das intervenções alimentares para combater a obesidade infantil foca-se principalmente em abordagens educacionais baseadas no indivíduo e menos em mudanças ambientais para oferecer escolhas comportamentais mais saudáveis. A maioria não conseguiu reduzir a obesidade infantil.
A criação de ambientes que apoiem comportamentos saudáveis parece ser a melhor abordagem para mitigar o desafio que é a obesidade. Intervenções multidimensionais complexas, focadas nas mudanças ambientais e no fortalecimento de indivíduos e comunidades, incluindo a família, bem como mudanças de macropolíticas, terão o potencial de combater a obesidade infantil sem aumentar as desigualdades socioeconómicas.<br>Background: Obesity has dramatically increased all over the world and children, in particular, are a cause of public health concern. Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease. The fast increase of childhood obesity at the population level is believed to be due to gene-environment interactions, enhanced by an increasingly permissive obesogenic environment, embedded in a contextual model with different levels of determinants. It is well known that food and other habits are shaped at the earlier stages of life and maintained through adulthood. Therefore, various interventions, including dietary changes, have been made with the intent of preventing/reducing childhood obesity. Most of them are known to have failed in tackling the obesity epidemic.
Purpose: This study aims to review the existing literature on dietary interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity and to assess their effectiveness.
Methods: A literature search was conducted by using the PubMed Central®. The mesh terms used for this search were “(pediatric obesity) OR (childhood obesity) AND (primary prevention) AND diet”. Only articles published in the last 10 years, written in English and conducted in humans were included. From this search, 17 studies were retrieved. Additional papers (n=84) were included in this thesis from a snowball process or searched to put into context the dietary interventions for the prevention of childhood obesity, totaling 101 references.
Results: The majority of studies included in this review were school-based interventions, with some addressing the whole community, and including some interventions in the food sector (e.g. taxation of high fat/sugar food products, front-of-pack labelling) and through mass media (e.g. restrictions on advertising for children) that directly or indirectly could help to manage childhood obesity.
Most of the programs/interventions conducted focus mainly on person-based educational approaches, such as nutrition/diet education sessions, allied to the promotion of physical activity and lifestyles to students, parents and school staff, and less on environmental changes to offer healthier choices. Only some trials have focused on capacity building and macro-policy changes, such as adaptation of the built environment of the school, serving smaller portion sizes and increasing the availability and accessibility of healthy foods and water in schools, and restricting access to vending machines, for example.
Overall, most of the intervention studies showed no consistent effects on changing the body mass index of children; they have only reported small weight reductions, clinically irrelevant or no effects at all. Little is known on the sustainability of interventions over time. However, other positive results, such as the change of dietary behaviors or physical activity performance have been described.
Conclusions: Most dietary interventions to tackle childhood obesity focus mainly on person-based educational approaches and less on environmental changes to offer healthier behavioral choices. Most of them failed to reduce childhood obesity.
The creation of environments supportive of healthier behaviors seems to be the best approach to mitigate the challenge that is obesity. Complex and multi-level interventions focused at environmental changes and the strengthening of individuals and communities, including family, as well as macro-policy changes will have the potential to tackle childhood obesity without increasing socioeconomic inequalities.<br>N/A
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Quirk, Denise. "ADOLESCENTS AMERICAINS ET FRANÇAIS : OBESITE, TROUBLES DU COMPORTEMENT ALIMENTAIRE, ATTITUDES ET HABITUDES ALIMENTAIRES." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848280.
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Cette thèse en doctorat présente les résultats d'une étude comparative sur le thème de l'alimentation et des caractéristiques pondérales des adolescents français et américains. Nous avons étudié notamment les questions des fréquences respectives de l'obésité (OB), des attitudes et habitudes alimentaires dites " normales " ou dite de l'" alimentation journalière " (HAAJ) et des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) comme l'anorexie mentale (AN) et la boulimie (BN) dans deux échantillons d'adolescents français (N=1031) et américains (N=1573). Les principaux objectifs étaient de comparer ces échantillons pour leurs poids, leurs HAAJ, leur insatisfaction corporelle (liée avec l'OB et les TCA), les symptômes de TCA observés, et les " diagnostics " de TCA posés, afin de déterminer s'il existe des différences significatives entre ces deux cultures. Après la création d'un outil d'évaluation des HAAJ, une série de questionnaires a été administrée dans plusieurs lycées et collèges en France et aux Etats Unis. L'enquête avait pour hypothèses: 1.) que les français montrent un taux d'obésité et surpoids moindres par rapport aux américains; 2.) que les français montrent davantage de HAAJ dites " saines " 3.) que des prévalences de TCA cliniques et sub-cliniques sont moindres pour le groupe des français. Les résultats sur le statut pondéral soutiennent la première hypothèse. Les résultats sur les HAAJ soutiennent globalement la deuxième hypothèse. En revanche la troisième hypothèse n'a pas été confirmée.
Books on the topic "Alimentary obesity"
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Stefano, Scucchi, and Istituto superiore di sanità (Italy), eds. Obesità e disturbi del comportamento alimentare: Corso tenuto presso l'Istituto superiore di sanità : Roma, 22-24 aprile 1997. ISTISAN, 1998.
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LeeAnn, Alexander-Mott, and Lumsden D. Barry, eds. Understanding eating disorders: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity. Taylor & Francis, 1994.
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Williamson, Donald A. Assessment of eating disorders: Obesity, anorexia, and bulimia nervosa. Pergamon Press, 1990.
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Health, British Columbia Legislative Assembly Select Standing Committee on. A strategy for combatting childhood obesity and physical inactivity in British Columbia. Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, Select Standing Committee on Health, 2006.
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Cutler, Ellen W. The food allergy cure: A new solution to food cravings, obesity, depression, headaches, arthritis, and fatigue. Three Rivers Press, 2003.
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Derek, Llewellyn-Jones, ed. Eating disorders: The facts. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 1992.
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Keith, Lierre. The vegetarian myth: Food, justice and sustainability. Flashpoint Press, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Alimentary obesity"
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Tichansky, David S., and Alec C. Beekley. "Operations for Morbid Obesity." In Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-2206-2.00064-6.
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Schirmer, Bruce. "Operations for Morbid Obesity." In Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, 2 Volume Set. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-40232-3.00063-7.
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Carrino Stefano, Caon Maurizio, Angelini Leonardo, et al. "PEGASO: A Personalised and Motivational ICT System to Empower Adolescents Towards Healthy Lifestyles." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-474-9-350.
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Unhealthy alimentary behaviours and physical inactivity habits are key risk factors for major non communicable diseases. Several researches demonstrate that juvenile obesity can lead to serious medical conditions, pathologies and have important psycho-social consequences. PEGASO is a multidisciplinary project aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles among teenagers through assistive technology. The core of this project is represented by the ICT system, which allows providing tailored interventions to the users through their smartphones in order to motivate them. The novelty of this approach consists of developing a Virtual Individual Model (VIM) for user characterization, which is based on physical, functional and behavioural parameters opportunely selected by experts. These parameters are digitised and updated thanks to the user monitoring through smartphone; data mining algorithms are applied for the detection of activity and nutrition habits and this information is used to provide personalised feedback. The user interface will be developed using gamified approaches and integrating serious games to effectively promote health literacy and facilitate behaviour change.
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Angulo Trejo, Mónica, Bonifacio García Ramos, José Antonio Angulo Trejo, and Víctor García Ramos. "Causes of Intestinal Obstructions after Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass." In Intestinal Obstructions - Diagnosis and Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114886.
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Obesity is a global pandemic and bariatric surgery is one of the fastest-growing surgical procedures performed worldwide. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains one of the most commonly performed bariatric procedures, with more than 480,000 procedures performed in 2022. The RYGB is characterized by a small proximal gastric pouch that is divided and separated from the distal stomach and anastomosed to an alimentary limb of the small intestine, thus bypassing a large portion of the small intestine preventing the absorption of nutrients. Small bowel obstruction after gastric bypass is not uncommon; the internal hernia is the most common etiology followed by postoperative adhesions, although there are less common causes. Diagnosis can be challenging due to the altered anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract; CT imaging is frequently used to establish the diagnosis. Since an internal hernia can be a life-threatening situation, early treatment is critical. The management of internal hernias after RYGB remains surgical. The urgency of surgical intervention depends on the clinical condition of the patient. Surgery should be attempted laparoscopically first if possible.
Conference papers on the topic "Alimentary obesity"
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Prymachenko, V. I. "Histopathological features of fatty steatohepatosis and steatohepatitis of the liver in experimental alimentary obesity." In THE GREATEST HUMANKIND ACHIEVEMENTS IN HEALTHCARE AND VETERINARY MEDICINE. Baltija Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-401-6-18.
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Ivashkevich, D. N., I. V. Manzhulo, A. I. Ponomarenko, and I. V. Dyuizen. "HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIATHEROSCLEROTIC EFFECT OF OLEOYLETHANOLAMIDEBASED DIETARY SUPPLEMENT IN A MODEL OF ALIMENTARY-INDUCED OBESITY IN MICE." In XI МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ: БИОИНФОРМАТИКОВ, БИОТЕХНОЛОГОВ, БИОФИЗИКОВ, ВИРУСОЛОГОВ, МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ БИОЛОГОВ И СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ. IPC NSU, 2024. https://doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1691-6-324.
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Dietary supplement based on oleoylethanolamide (OEA-DS) due to its interaction with PPAR-α receptor can exert complex hepatoprotective effect, which is expressed in inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulation of lipid metabolism factors, which makes it a potential candidate for use in the complex therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).