Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Alimentation – Anthropologie'
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Moreau-Pascal, Dominique. "Alimentation et denture chez les hominidés." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20017.
Full textLahlou, Saadi. "Penser manger : les représentations sociales de l'alimentation." Paris, EHESS, 1995. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167257.
Full textA new method of analysis of social representations is applied to the representations of . The theory of social representations developed by the french school of moscovici is presented with a new formalism based on combinatory analysis. This formalism of "relativity complete" describes simply the propagation of social representations in populations, and their pragmatic functions. Upon this formation, we build a theory for extracting the basic constitutive elements of a representation from large corpora of statements in natural language. This theory is then applied in the form of a methods and techniques to collect and analyse textual data. These techniques are first applied to 2 corpora about coming from, respectively, free associations by 2000 french adults, and 500 definitions from a large dictionary. These analyses yield similar results : is made out of six nuclei of meaning : libido, intake, food, meal, fillingup, living. Analysis of free associations about by another sample of 2000 french adults then enlightens the theoretical relationship between representation and behaviour, from, among others, a deep field study on 1600 french households (several hundreds questions), the main types of eating behaviour and representations of the french are described, and the extent of influence of representations upon behaviour is measured. Finally some new hypotheses on the developmental laws of individual representations are suggested, among which the (development of the most used aspects), and on the ecology of social representations as populations of individual representations, in a constructionnist perspective
Robinne, François. "Techniques et alimentation : un aspect de la culture matérielle en Birmanie." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA006.
Full textSerra, Mallol Christophe. "Changement social et traditions alimentaires : approche socio-anthropologique de l'alimentation à Tahiti (îles de la Société, Polynésie française)." Polynésie française, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POLF0001.
Full textThis thesis has the aim of studying in a diachronic way Tahitians food pratices and their representations. It shows the central role of food in social, economic and cultural life of Ancient Tahitians, true "total social fact" and support of a workship of abundance, and the impact on the food system of the Society islands through triple change process. In spite of a phenomenon of acculturation, permanencies are highlighted today, through a fieldwork made up of participating observations in two districts of Tahiti and Moorea, and complementary surveys carried out in the Society archipelago. The study of the report to body and the valorization of the big body size, as well as food habits and representations, in particular to food provisions through gifts, exchanges and festive time sources of a strong social bond, leads to a matter of constitutive factors of the contemporary ma'ohi identity
M'zoughi, Meriem. "Métamorphoses de la chair : anthropologie du cancer au Cambodge." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2011.
Full textThis thesis focuses on understanding cancer’s practices – of the sick ones and their entourage – while concentrating on health practices, treatments and care (given by the ones who are present, momentarily or constantly). It is about studying care logics prevalent in Cambodia while describing the way oncology and palliative care are provided. To do so an ethnology survey was conducted between 2013 and 2016 in Phnom Penh and its surroundings. I investigated for almost eighteen months in the two national hospitals that have an oncology department and in a NGO providing home-based palliative care for patients living near the capital. This enabled me to take part in the everyday life of families in and out of the hospital. The experiences of cancer intertwine social, political and medical issues where ordinary violence and health inequalities punctuate the development of biomedicine in Cambodia. The specific issues related to oncology in the country are part of a context that combines humanitarian aid, patronage relationship and neoliberalism. The experience of illness and daily care reveals the contours of a shared sickness in which the dialectic of the biological body and the social body is played out. All the more so as the knowledge of cancer interweaves complex and plural conceptions of the body and the living, which highlight the influences of Buddhism, Hinduism and animism. Professionals, faced with local constraints and maladjustments of medical standards, do what they can with the means at their disposal. They practice a multiple-choice medicine, subject to clientelism, which is the subject of a prior specific appropriation work. The word cancer in Khmer (mahārīk) refers to "the growing harmful flesh" or to the "metamorphosis of the flesh" and the experience of the disease shows that it is about a metamorphosis that affects both the individual, social and political body
Cazes-Valette, Geneviève. "Les déterminants du rapport à la viande chez le mangeur français contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0315.
Full textThis work, based on both quantitative and qualitative techniques (considered too often as being in opposition whereas they are complementary), provides proofs that the majority of theories developed within the ethnological frame work resist well to any confrontation with a wide, heterogeneous population. Gender, religion, social class, distance to animals partially explain choices relating to meat. The principal factor influencing the frequency of meat consumption though is pleasure, and support this. However, two factors factors emerge as major hindrances : the preoccupation with nutrition and the reprobation of slaughtering animals for food. These issues may be regarded as simple products of the present overall situation, echoing the ambient discourses of the media, and medical and political pundits; however, in time, such issues may become structural
Danteur, Thibault. "Pour une analyse complexe de la mondialisation. Socio-anthropologie comparative du cas de la grande distribution alimentaire au Maroc, en France et aux États-Unis." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735600.
Full textBalvet, Delphine. "La consommation de productions locales en Bresse de l'Ain : pratiques et représentations alimentaires." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/balvet_d.
Full textThe present work takes part in a study concerning the consumption of local agricultural products and foodstuffs in a context of strong valorisation and fancy for these products in France. It proposes to better understand the status granted to this food by the "consumers-connoisseurs" taking the consumers from Bresse (Ain - Rhône-Alpes) as a Aradne's thread. This doctoral thesis tries to show how the attention of the consumer towards what he's eating is all the more sustained and the food all the more appreciable since the mental and physical proximity with the product and its production system is great. Therefore, the ethnographic approach underlines that consuming this sort of foodstuffs needs a certain number of knowledges and know-hows, in term of way of consumption and in cooking or product's identification. This knowledges give sense to the act of incorporation. It will deal with the practices and representation regarding these foodstuffs, by setting them within the whole local food system by favouring their dynamic aspects. The local production can be sometimes exteriorised: the processes of exhibition suppose some selection processes which create a gap between private food and public food, between "saying" and "doing". But in the Bresse area, those processes scarcely take the shape of heritage creation process
Vivier, Elise. "Transformation des modèles alimentaires en Amazonie brésilienne : utilisations traditionnelles, aliments industriels et enjeux sociaux." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2029/document.
Full textObserving dietary role model and the ways of consumption allow to glimpse a succession of phenomenons such as social changes brought by the economic dynamism at the scale of the Brazil. Researches led in the Ciriaco reserve aim to establish a dietary profile in order to understand the weight of the choices made by its inhabitants , and the origins of such choices. The point of creating a global profil is also to measure the impact of their dietary choices on their daily lives, and to take possession of the phenomenon called dietary transition. The dietary monetization, the lack of education so much as the changes of seasons are considered the origins of the transformation of the role model and thus by the access on new food, changed and without any identity value ; responsible for the consequences on the health and also responsible of some kind of dietary insecurity which also bring social, economic, political, epidemiological and environmental disruptions
Belin, Marie-Odile. "Étude bibliographique des aspects socio-culturels de l'alimentation." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10008.
Full textRuhlmann, Sandrine. "Le partage des prémices et du fond de la marmite : Essai d'anthropologie des pratiques alimentaires chez les Mongols Xalx." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346618.
Full textTraore, Karim. "Analyse anthropobiologique de la susceptibilité au paludisme chez l'homme." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1016/document.
Full textMalaria remains the parasitic disease with the highest rates of morbidity and mortality and its socio-economic impact is an obstacle to development.There has been a coevolution between human host, the vector and Plasmodium with sometimes specific adaptations of resistance, leading today into resistance of Plasmodium to antimalarial products and the difficulties to develop an effective vaccine. The exploration of new areas of research is therefore relevant for the understanding of some adaptations that may have implications in the susceptibility to malaria.Differences in susceptibility to malaria have been described in symmetric Fulani and Dogon in Mali. Most of the studies carried out to understand this difference in susceptibility have focused on immunity. In this work, we have implemented a more global and innovative approach, studying the inteplay between the environment, the immune system and susceptibility to malaria. We investigated the relationship between diet, metabolism and immunity, which is an example of interaction between environment and biology.In our study, we described differences between Fulani and Dogons of Mali in terms of blood levels of AGE and sRAGE, as well as in expression and polymorphism of the RAGE receptor. This could have implications for the immune system and therefore for susceptibility to malaria. These results provide important baseline data for supporting a new malaria research approach by combining diet, metabolism, and gut microbiota which is also currently of great interest in malaria
Romanova, Liubomira. "Évolution de l'alimentation et de l'économie chez les Iakoutes du XVIIe au début du XXe siècle : confrontations des données biologiques et culturelles." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30017.
Full textSituated at the interface of biology and the humanities, the anthropology of food is a privileged field for the study of ancient societies. Reconstructing the food of the past in all its complexity and diversity can only be achieved by combining the various available sources. Traditionally, the diet of past populations has been studied by historians (written sources) and archaeologists (material sources), but today the development of techniques of biological analysis on human samples offers new ways of tackling this issue. We have chosen the case study of Yakutia, as the abundance of historical and ethnographic data provide a solid contextual framework, and tombs discovered in the permafrost allow access not only to artefacts and funeral meals, but also to very well preserved biological samples. The study of the diet of the Yakuts, who are traditionally horse and cattle breeders, is part of European colonial history and therefore illustrates the transition from a traditional way of life to one dominated by a market economy, in a particular environment where the temperature can reach -71° C in winter. The territory of Yakutia, spread over three million square kilometers, includes various biotopes with valleys and lakes rich in pastures in Central Yakutia and Viluy, and mountainous regions in the North less favourable for breeding, where hunting has always remained an important food source. Our objective is to reconstruct the evolution of the Yakut diet, and to determine its regional particularities as well as those of its social (as determined by artefacts found in the tombs) and sexual categories. To achieve these objectives, we compared data from several sources: 1. The synthesis of historical sources, documents of Russian administration -- some of them unpublished --, as well as ethnographic descriptions from the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century, which attest that the diet of the Yakuts was mainly based on the products of horse and cattle breeding, while hunting, fishing, and gathering served as a source of supplementary food, in a variable way depending on the region. They attest to the diversity of dairy products and the consumption of various plants. A profound transformation of society after the arrival of the Russians is due to the sedentarization of the Yakuts, with the development of cattle breeding and a decline in the number of horses. Trade also introduced new products. Finally, the agriculture instituted by the Russians gradually replaced the gathering and preparation of the cambium of trees, used until then as flour. 2. The study of archaeological artefacts (food remains, dishes and smoking accessories), deposited in more than 150 tombs during the period extending from the 15th century to the beginning of the 19th century, highlights the important role of food offerings (meat and dairy products) in funeral rites prior to mass Christianization in the 19th century. 3. The analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen on the bone collagen of 61 buried subjects and 19 fauna samples (including 11 archaeological and 8 modern) distinguishes meat and fish consumption. It reveals differences of diet by geographic region, and a stable diet among the wealthier Yakuts. [...]
Mathiot, Louis. "L'alimentation des enfants : un observatoire des cultures enfantines et des rapports intergénérationnels." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG038.
Full textThis PhD proposes to study children’s cultures and intergenerational relationships by observing foodconsumption. Children’s practices with food, their representations as well as those of their parents on their consumption of food are considered as an observatory of relationships between children and between adults and younger. Developing a qualitative methodology, it is given its rightful place to the children discourses (aged 4 to 12 years) and those of their parents to explore the dynamics of intra and intergenerational relationships. At the intersection of sociology of childhood and food, this work focuses on analyzing the construction of children’s cultures and of belongings to different age groups. It also questions the effects of social norms and educational patterns regulating children consumption of food. Gender relations, social origins and spaces of residence are important factors that influence these logics. Transversely, this research is an opportunity to examine the social place of the child in contemporary Western societies
Cohen, Patrice. "La Réunion, une île entre nourriture et nourritures : approche anthropologique et bioculturelle de l'alimentation." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX3A002.
Full textFormighieri, Giordani Rubia. "Comportamento alimentar entre os Guarani. Cultura e Alimentação." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100090/document.
Full textIn the course of a study of evolving eating habits, this dissertation focuses on both changes and continuing trends among the Guarani who currently live in the indigenous territory of Itamaran, in the district of Diamante d’Oeste (State of Paraná, Brazil). By means of an ethnographic study, we have attempted to grasp the structures of Guarani eating patterns, from food production to food transformation, leading to an eating event. This work highlights the fundamental connections between the group’s specific sociology of food and their cosmology, the importance of kinship and affinity for production and consumption of food, as well as the related theories of body transformation induced by food ingestion, a key feature of the human condition as it relates to alterity
Najar, Sihem. "Pratiques alimentaires des Jerbiens : une étude socio-anthropologique." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H056.
Full textMunzele, Munzimi Jean-Macaire. "Reconstruction d'une identité culturelle à travers la filière agro-alimentaire : dynamique socio-anthropologique du manger chez les Ambuun." Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR2004.
Full textThe study tackles the problem of reconstructing the Ambuun cultural identity through their food-chain habits. It highlights the ways in which that particular community tries to solve it's alimentary needs on the one hand, and the implicit relationship with its surrounding environment on the other. In fact, such specific Mbuun diets and recipes as "miong" (cartepillars), "okwes ndzum" (kind of dried vegetable) and "anter" (gourd) reveal the conviviality and the sociability of the Ambuun people as well as strengthen their family, marriage and parental ties. In summary, one of the main findings of this study is that the search for digestive comfort is a dynamic reality even tough some permanent style may be noticed. The search for good digestion is there fore achieved within a dynamic relational process
Delavigne, Anne-Hélène. ""Nous, on mange de la chair" : approche anthropologique du rapport à la viande au Danemark." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0022.
Full textLeport, Julie. "Dynamiques de changement des modèles alimentaires : le cas du poisson à Dakar." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20017/document.
Full textFish have a central position in food in Dakar. It is also one of the main components of the emblematic dish of the country, the ceebujën, present in the daily habits of the populations. For ecological, political and economic reasons, the accessibility of fish to the local market has been declining in recent years. This thesis analyses the adaptation strategies used by Dakar inhabitants facing this situation. This project considers the dynamic dimension of food and of the food decision processes. Data collection was carried out in three main phases: 1) an ethnographic immersion phase; 2) a qualitative phase consisting of interviews with experts and Dakar eaters, plus participant observation sessions of food sequences (supply, preparation and consumption of a meal); 3) a quantitative phase in which 820 Dakar inhabitants answered a questionnaire. The results show that while food changes can involve a maintaining of the practices defined by the food models, they can also participate in the redefinition of these models. The identity and social statuses of certain food (fish), dishes (the ceebujën) or recipes (the ceebujën is categorised as "one-pot dish") favours the behaviours of maintenance inside the food model, whereas “modernization” tends to allow for the development of practices that go beyond the model. This thesis complicates and revitalises the concept of food model by exposing how food models constitute a resource mobilized in time of change, while they are simultaneously shaped by these same changes
Sauvegrain, Sophie-Anne. "Les jeunes d'Alep face à un nouvel horizon alimentaire : pratiques sociales et représentations corporelles." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417428.
Full textBouchard, Roseline. "L'identité dévoilée par les pratiques alimentaires des Antoniennes de Marie : le cas d'une communauté québécoise au service du clergé de 1904 à 2013." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33127.
Full textBordet, Julie. "La mère, son bébé et la nourriture : approche exploratoire multidisciplinaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589514.
Full textLe, Bras-Goude Gwenaëlle. "Étude des modes de subsistance de populations néolithiques (VIe-IVe millénaires av. J.-C.) dans le nord-ouest de la Méditerranée. Approche par l'utilisation des isotopes stables (d13C et d15N) du collagène." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335785.
Full textLlorca, Loureiro Iria. "La cocina en la Comunidad Campesina de Vicos de los Andes peruanos : entre la "tradición" local y la globalización mundial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25631.
Full textDesde tiempos prehispánicos, los campesinos de la Comunidad de Vicos en los Andes peruanos han ido desarrollando prácticas y hábitos alimenticios con los cuales se han sentido identificados. A lo largo de la historia, la cocina local ha sido el resultado de la incorporación y el abandono de insumos, técnicas, utensilios, saberes y comportamientos, pero sin embargo, en las últimas décadas el desarrollo de un nuevo sistema planetario, el llamado globalización, está causando nuevos impactos en las prácticas alimenticias. Siendo Vicos una población rural y agrícola, vinculada directamente a los ciclos de la naturaleza y a las creencias locales, nuestro interés reside en investigar cómo la cocina local de este lugar puede ser influencida en el presente, por las tendencias de la globalización y por las “tradiciones” heredadas de sus antepasados.
Papavero, Claude Guy. "Ingredientes de uma identidade colonial: os alimentos na poesia de Gregório de Matos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-19032008-103724/.
Full textAt the end of the 17th. Century, when Salvador was the capital of the brazilian colony, the food habits of the city and of its rural surroundings inspired a series of metaphors and metonymies to the lawyer and poet Gregório de Matos, also known as \"the mouth of hell\". Transformed into sources of satiric or burlesque poems, the food taken in the colony served him to ridicule many members of Salvador\'s society. Matos\'s work documented a local manner (mazomba) of conceiving the world, specific to the elites. His sarcasms and ironies attackked personal enemies whose alimentary habits or physical appearances were criticised. They where also directed against social categories of the colony which, due to their economic ascension, did not respect the social and cultural codes established until then in the Portuguese colony. Matos\'s poetic workk allowed the present Ph.D. thesis on Social Anthropology to investigate the concept of hierarchy that guided the sociability in Salvador. The poet\'s work was preserved by his public, who copied the poems after his exile in Angola. This proves that he assumed the position of spokkesman of the rich colonial population facing the crisis that, in the last decades of the 17th. Century, affected their spend thrift style of life. The intentional resource to alimentary metaphors also described, involuntary, the daily habits of the colony. Although the clichés and proverbs inserted in the poems, and in spite of the obscenity of the allusions to food manipulations, they referred to several nutrition processes easily identified by the public. During the investigation it was verified that three main sources of cultural representation modelled the alimentary diet in Salvador: the religious belonging of people to Catholicism, aspiration to social ascension and the obedience to the precepts of the Hippocratic humoural medicine.
Lahlou, Saadi. "Penser Manger.Les représentations sociales de l'alimentation." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167257.
Full textOn expose, de la théorie des représentations sociales développée par l'école de Moscovici, une nouvelle formalisation à base d'analyse combinatoire. Le formalisme permet notamment de décrire de façon simple la propagation des représentations dans une population, et leurs fonctions pragmatiques. On fonde sur ce formalisme "en relativité complète" une théorie pour extraire, à partir de corpus d'énoncés libres en langue naturelle, les éléments de base qui constituent les représentations. On développe concrètement cette théorie sous la forme de méthodes et de techniques de recueil et d'analyse informatisée des données textuelles
Ces techniques sont exposées puis appliquées d'abord à 2 corpus à propos de “ manger ” provenant respectivement des associations libres produites par 2000 adultes français, et de 500 définitions issues d'un grand dictionnaire. Ces analyses dégagent des résultats similaires : “ manger ” est constitué de six noyaux de sens : libido, prendre, nourriture, repas, remplir, vivre.
Une analyse des évocations libres de “ bien_manger ” par 2000 autres adultes français permet ensuite de clarifier les relations théoriques entre représentations et comportements. Puis, à partir notamment d'une enquête lourde sur 1600 ménages (quelques centaines de questions), on décrit les grands types de comportements et de représentations des Français en matière d'alimentation, et on précise les limites de l'influence réelle représentations sur les comportements.
On dégage enfin quelques hypothèses nouvelles sur les lois de développement des représentations individuelles, notamment celle du “ trophisme ” (développement par l'usage des aspects les plus utilisés), et sur l'écologie des représentations sociales en tant que populations de représentations individuelles.
Tu, Viêt Phu. ""Pour moi, le goût du soja n'est pas une barrière à la consommation. Et pour vous ?" : Effet de la culture sur les croyances, attitudes et préférence vis-à-vis des produits à base de soja." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750851.
Full textBrazy-Nancy, Emilia. "Une ethnographie à Penang : la mise en scène des relations interethniques à travers le prisme alimentaire." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18400.
Full textMalaysia, populated by Malays, Chinese and Indians, is a country where diversity is a fundamental factor, evident in different areas and reflected especially in its cuisine. In the state’s categorization of ethnic identities, unity and interethnic relations in the country have been a crucial issue throughout history and still remain the case today. This research aims to expose the complex interactions between the three main ethnic groups of the country and the way in which people express their identities in the culinary sphere. The data for this research is based on six months of fieldwork conducted in Penang with thirty respondents from all three ethnic groups. The results of this investigation provides an analysis of (1) the public spaces and the interethnic commensality on the island (2) the creative factors contributing to cohesions or social dissociation (3) the relationship between identity and food. This research provides a view of the position of minorities in the country: the Indians and Chinese in Malaysia. Its focalization on the anthropology of food also aims to show that dietary practices are intrinsically linked to ethnic identity.
Vigeant, Jacinthe. "Immigration et alimentation à Montréal aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : essai d’interprétation à partir d’analyses isotopiques sur des populations archéologiques." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9114.
Full textIn order to study whether the migration had an influence on diet in Montréal during the 17th and 18th centuries, 64 human skeletons from Notre-Dame cemetery were used for osteological and isotopic analysis. The latter was carried on bone collagen (carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N)) and on carbonate apatite (d13C and oxygen (d18O)) from bone and tooth (premolars and third molars). d18O obtained on the two types of teeth revealed approximately three origins (Montréal, region enriched in 18O (i.e. Acadia, Louisiana, France, New England, Antilles and Africa) and region depleted in 18O (inland or northern territories)) for 58 persons. Seven possible mobility patterns were also proposed (N=27). More than half of the sample was born in Montreal (55%). It appears that people were often not mobile under the age of 16. However, 12 of the specimens migrated from an 18O enriched environment to Montréal (N=5) or from Montréal to a more 18O depleted area (N=5). The recruiting age of the French “mousses” on transatlantic ships, the fur trade, the wood industry and possibly the slavery could explain that migration at a young age. The diet included C3 plants, meat from animal fed on C3 plants and fish. People of Montreal consumed C4 resources (mostly maize, but sugar cane too as in rhum) in different proportions. We were unable to explore thoroughly whether the migration had an influence on diet due to biases related to the d18O of bone carbonate apatite. Combining data from different sources (osteology, isotopes and spatial organization of the cemetery) allowed us to address issues related to funerary archaeology on an individual level (possibly identity), without any concluding results on a broader level (organization of the cemetery).
Toupin, Rémi. "Évolution des pratiques alimentaires en cours de vie : une étude isotopique multi-matérielle de la population du cimetière Saint-Matthew (Québec, 1771-1860)." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13412.
Full textAs a population consisting mainly of immigrants, the Protestants buried in Saint-Matthew’s cemetery, Quebec City (1771-1860) during the 19th century had to adapt to a new environment, and therefore new resources, when they first settled in Quebec. On the other hand, the 18th and 19th centuries saw important socio-economic changes with the coming of the Industrial Revolution, and Quebec City, with its important port, was at the heart of those changes. The objective of this study is to evaluate if the stable isotope geochemistry of several materials of the human skeleton (bone collagen, bone apatite, dentinal collagen and enamel carbonate) can help us understand how dietary behaviours have evolved throughout the life of some individuals (n=40) buried in this cemetery. As diet is closely related to socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions, it can inform us about individual adaptation and identity through a person’s lifespan. It is in this cultural ecology perspective that we approached this research and the data previously obtained by Morland (2009) and Caron (2013). Our data corroborate those acquired previously on bone collagen by showing that these individuals maintained a European-style diet, and originated mainly from the British Isles. They also show a significant increase in C4 plant (maize, sugarcane, etc.) consumption through adulthood amongst 36 of the 40 individuals that we analyzed, as well as a decrease of protein intake. Our results also indicate a generalized tendency to keep the same dietary profile in the population through life, even if practices became less variable during adulthood. Finally, dietary behaviors show similarites with Irish and poor British populations of the same period for childhood, where as they look more like populations from the St. Lawrence Valley later in life, particularly for protein intake. Therefore, our results suggest important dietary shifts for the individuals we studied, possibly strongly related to their migration process and adaptative response to a new environment.
Paquette, Jesseca. "Tendances environnementales en Afrique de l’Est au Plio-Pléistocène : étude des isotopes stables de carbone et d’oxygène de l’émail des herbivores." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21909.
Full textDurocher, Myriam. "Exploration de la culture alimentaire biomédicalisée québécoise : de l'alimentation « saine » à la production de corps différenciés." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23929.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents, from a cultural studies perspective, a critical and situated (Haraway, 1988) exploration of Quebec’s contemporary food culture and of the various definitions of “healthy” food it produces and renders effective. More precisely, I analyse the power relationships that inform its development as well as those taking form and effectivity through the knowledge and practices constitutive of healthy food (and its multiple forms and modes of existence). Through critical analysis of the current Quebec food culture, I question the bodies, human and more-than-human ones, that are produced therein, and are differentiated by unequal power relationships. The analysis presented is the result of an embodied and dialogic ethnography following the methods of materials gathering and analysis suggested by Probyn (2016). The thesis is separated into three distinct, but interrelated, parts. The first part explores Quebec’s food culture, in which I am fully immersed. This part presents the food culture and the knowledge, practices, and events that it contributes to creating, as well as the multiplicity of healthy food definitions that emerge within it, according to their various contexts of emergence. Throughout this part, I highlight how particular kinds of knowledge are produced, articulated and legitimated, as well as how relationships involving and linking humans and more-than-humans are produced and conveyed. I demonstrate how all of these processes participate in the multiple modes of emergence of healthy food in Quebec. In the current food culture, healthy food is regularly thought and problematized in relationship to human bodies. The second part of the thesis presents my analysis of what I have called the biomedicalized food culture, attending especially to the relationships between bodies, food, and health it contributes to creating. I put at the forefront how the current food culture cannot be analysed without taking into account the contemporary “healthist” (Crawford, 1980) discourses that inform the manners by which bodies are put in relation to food, under health-oriented considerations. I mobilize the conceptual tools proposed by Clarke et al. (2010) on the biomedicalization of the social field to question how food and bodies are put in relation and problematized, in a context where health is a moral and individual objective to reach (Crawford, 1980; Lupton, 1997; Metzl et Kirkland, 2010). I criticize how the biomedicalized food culture limits the type of relationships that can take form and be considered between food and bodies, as well as the types of bodies that are produced and authorized. The third part of the thesis is concerned with the bodies, human and more-than-human ones, that are produced within the biomedicalized food culture, as much as by the power relationships that participate in their production and differentiation. By “produce”, I mean among other things how bodies are discursively defined, framed, controlled, etc.; evaluated, characterized, discriminated, excluded, stigmatized; materially produced (their corporeal materialities, their biology, etc.). I navigate between different manners of analysing their production as much as I explore the different types of bodies that are produced, drawing on reflections (and literatures) that apprehend and question them from various epistemologies.