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Journal articles on the topic "Alimentation – Aspect sanitaire"
HOSTIOU, N., C. ALLAIN, S. CHAUVAT, A. TURLOT, C. PINEAU, and J. FAGON. "L’élevage de précision : quelles conséquences pour le travail des éleveurs ?" INRAE Productions Animales 27, no. 2 (2014): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.2.3059.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Alimentation – Aspect sanitaire"
Labonté, Marie-Ève. "Alimentation et inflammation : considérations épidémiologiques, cliniques et métaboliques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25866.
Full textL’inflammation systémique et chronique dite « de faible intensité » est un élément clé du développement et de la progression de plusieurs désordres métaboliques tels que l’athérosclérose, le diabète de type 2 et les maladies cardiovasculaires. De plus en plus d’évidences suggèrent que l’alimentation jouerait un rôle de premier plan dans la modulation du profil inflammatoire, mais plusieurs questions demeurent non résolues à ce jour. Ainsi, l’objectif global du présent projet de doctorat était d’étudier l’impact de l’alimentation sur l’inflammation et ses mécanismes sous-jacents en utilisant trois approches expérimentales, soit 1) une approche épidémiologique, 2) une approche clinique et 3) une approche métabolique. L’alimentation a elle-même été étudiée sous différents angles incluant de simples nutriments (acides gras, dont les oméga-3), des aliments (produits laitiers) et des profils alimentaires reflétant l’alimentation dans sa globalité. En premier lieu, nous avons évalué les associations entre divers facteurs nutritionnels (oméga-3 et profils alimentaires) et le profil inflammatoire chez deux nations autochtones du Nord-du-Québec. Ces populations ont été choisies étant donné la forte et récente augmentation de la prévalence de plusieurs désordres métaboliques chez celles-ci parallèlement à un important phénomène de transition nutritionnelle. De façon globale, nos travaux démontrent que l’alimentation des Cris de la Baie-James et des Inuits du Nunavik semble exercer une influence non significative sur leur profil inflammatoire. En second lieu, nous avons réalisé une étude d’intervention nutritionnelle randomisée contrôlée portant sur l’impact de la consommation de produits laitiers sur l’inflammation ainsi qu’une revue systématique de la littérature sur le sujet. Il ressort de ces travaux que la consommation de produits laitiers dans le cadre d’une alimentation saine n’exerce aucun effet défavorable sur le profil inflammatoire. En troisième lieu, nous avons réalisé deux études d’intervention nutritionnelle randomisées contrôlées, conçues selon un devis en chassé-croisé, qui suggèrent que la consommation de divers acides gras, dont des acides gras oméga-3 d’origine marine, influence peu ou pas l’expression de gènes inflammatoires dans le sang de sujets avec obésité abdominale ou dans le duodénum d’hommes obèses et atteints du diabète de type 2. Bref, d’après l’ensemble des présents travaux, l’alimentation influencerait peu l’inflammation.
Low-grade systemic inflammation is a key etiological factor in the development and progression of several multifactorial disorders including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that diet significantly modulates the inflammatory profile. However, several questions about this topic remain unanswered at this time. The major aim of the present PhD project was to study the impact of diet on inflammation and its underlying mechanisms by using three different experimental approaches, namely 1) an epidemiological approach, 2) a clinical approach and 3) a metabolic approach. Diet also has been studied from various angles including nutrients (dietary fatty acids, such as omega-3), foods (dairy products) and dietary patterns reflecting diet as a whole. First, we assessed the associations between different nutritional factors (omega-3 and dietary patterns) and circulating inflammatory biomarkers in two Aboriginal nations from Northern Quebec. These nations were selected based on the considerable and recent increase in the prevalence of several metabolic disorders in these populations in conjunction with an important nutrition transition. Overall, our work indicates that the diet of the James Bay Cree and Nunavik Inuit populations appears to exert only a trivial influence on their inflammatory profile. Second, we conducted a randomized crossover controlled nutrition intervention study assessing the impact of dairy product consumption on inflammation as well as a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Our work suggests that consumption of dairy products as part of a healthy diet has no adverse effect on the inflammatory profile. Third, we conducted two randomized crossover controlled nutrition intervention studies which showed that the consumption of different dietary fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids from marine sources, exerts little or no influence on the expression of inflammatory genes in whole blood cells of individuals with abdominal obesity or in duodenal cells of obese men with type 2 diabetes. Taken together, our various works presented here suggest that diet has a minor influence on inflammation.
Buteau-Poulin, Dorothée. "La qualité nutritionnelle : un « signe vital » associé au profil cardiométabolique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32537.
Full textDans sa planification stratégique pour 2020, l'American Heart Association a placé l’amélioration de la santé cardiovasculaire idéale dans ses priorités, renforçant ainsi la pertinence d’ajouter à la prise en charge du risque de maladies cardiovasculaires l’évaluation et le suivi des marqueurs des habitudes de vie (tabagisme, indice de masse corporelle, niveau d’activité physique et qualité nutritionnelle [QN]) au contrôle des facteurs de risque biologiques traditionnels (cholestérol, contrôle glycémique, tension artérielle). Récemment, il a été rapporté que seulement 1,5 % de la population adulte américaine atteint une QN idéale, faisant ainsi de la QN le marqueur des habitudes de vie le moins respecté. La QN est également le premier facteur de risque modifiable de mortalité totale, devant la sédentarité et le tabagisme. Toutefois, il n’existe actuellement pas d’outil validé pour évaluer rapidement et simplement la QN. Ce projet de maîtrise vise donc à documenter la contribution de la QN, évaluée par un court questionnaire, à la variation du profil cardiométabolique (CM) chez des adultes participant à un programme ciblant les habitudes de vie en milieu de travail. Des questionnaires sur l’historique médical et sur les habitudes de vie, dont la QN, ont été remplis par les participants (3129 hommes et 1656 femmes). Une évaluation du profil CM (tension artérielle, mesures anthropométriques, bilan lipidique et hémoglobine glyquée) et de la condition cardiorespiratoire (CCR) a été réalisée. Les résultats montrent que les participants ayant une QN élevée ont de meilleures habitudes de vie et présentent un profil CM favorable comparativement à ceux avec une faible QN. L’association entre la QN et le profil CM demeure significative après des ajustements pour le niveau d’activité physique et pour la CCR. Ainsi, ce projet supporte l’intégration de l’évaluation de la QN comme un « signe vital » dans la prise en charge optimale du risque CM.
In the setting of its 2020 strategic goals, the American Heart Association committed to improve the ideal cardiovascular health hence emphasizing the added value of targeting health behaviors markers, such as nonsmoking, physical activity, body mass index and overall nutritional quality (NQ), in addition to the monitoring of traditional biological risk factors (blood pressure, lipids and glucose) in the optimal management of cardiovascular diseases. It was recently reported that overall NQ was the health behavior with the lowest percentage of the population at goal levels and that a suboptimal NQ had become the leading modifiable risk factor for total mortality ahead of both sedentarity and smoking. However, there is actually no brief, straightforward and validated tool to assess NQ. The main purpose of this project was to investigate the contribution of overall NQ to the variation in the cardiometabolic (CM) profile in the setting of a workplace health program. Standardized questionnaires on medical history as well as on lifestyle habits, including NQ, were completed by participants (3129 men and 1656 women). In addition, subjects went through a comprehensive evaluation of the CM profile (blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, lipid profile and hemoglobin A1c) and of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Results showed that participants with a high NQ had better lifestyle habits and a more favorable CM profile compared to those with a low NQ. The association between NQ and the CM profile remained significant after adjustments for physical activity level and CRF. Accordingly, this project reinforced the relevance of targeting overall NQ, with a short food-based questionnaire, as an emerging « vital sign » in the optimal management of CM risk.
Bédard, Alexandra. "Impact du mode alimentaire méditérranéen sur la santé cardiovasculaire : étude des différences entre les hommes et les femmes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26018.
Full textIl est maintenant bien admis que l’adhésion au mode alimentaire méditerranéen réduit l’incidence des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) et la mortalité en découlant. Ce mode alimentaire exerce des effets bénéfiques sur les facteurs de risque traditionnels des MCV, mais aussi sur les facteurs de risque non traditionnels et sur certaines conditions prédisposant aux MCV, notamment le syndrome métabolique, la résistance à l’insuline et l’obésité. Il n’a toutefois pas été démontré si les hommes et les femmes retirent les mêmes bénéfices du mode alimentaire méditerranéen. Dans le cadre de mes travaux de maîtrise, nous avions rapporté que les hommes et les femmes ont des effets similaires en lien avec le profil lipidique. Cependant, une grande variabilité dans la réponse a été notée. Par conséquent, le premier volet de cette thèse de doctorat avait comme objectif d’expliquer cette variabilité. Nos travaux ont démontré que la présence d’obésité abdominale n’influence pas ces effets. D’autre part, ce mode alimentaire a des effets hypocholestérolémiants plus limités chez les individus ayant une histoire familiale de dyslipidémie comparativement à ceux sans histoire familiale. Le deuxième volet de cette thèse visait à documenter davantage les différences entre les hommes et les femmes quant à l’impact du mode alimentaire méditerranéen sur la santé cardiovasculaire. Nos travaux ont démontré que la consommation d’une diète méditerranéenne diminue le score de Framingham, améliore les composantes du syndrome métabolique, réduit marginalement les lipoprotéines de faible densité (LDL) oxydées et n’a aucun effet sur la protéine C-réactive et la leptine chez les hommes et les femmes. Toutefois, cette diète entraîne une redistribution favorable des sous-classes des LDL, réduit l’adiponectine et améliore la sensibilité à l’insuline seulement chez les hommes. D’un autre côté, les femmes seraient plus sensibles aux effets rassasiants du mode alimentaire méditerranéen. Enfin, l’exposition répétée à ce mode alimentaire augmente son adhésion à long terme (~6 mois post-intervention) chez les hommes et les femmes, mais favorise une perte de poids à long terme seulement chez les femmes. Bref, l’adhésion au mode alimentaire méditerranéen exerce plusieurs bénéfices sur la santé cardiovasculaire; toutefois, certains effets seraient plus spécifiques aux hommes ou aux femmes.
It is now recognized that the adoption of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is associated with a lower risk of morbidity/mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). The MedDiet exerts beneficial effects on traditional risk factors, but also on non-traditional risk factors as well as on conditions which predispose individuals to CVD, namely the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and obesity. However, it remains unknown whether men and women have similar cardioprotective effects from the MedDiet. As part of my master’s work, we have shown that men and women have similar lipid-lowering effects from the MedDiet. However, a large inter-individual variability in the response was noted in both men and women. Therefore, the first part of this thesis aimed to explain this variability. Our results showed that the abdominal obesity status does not influence these effects. However, compared with individuals with no family history of dyslipidemia, those with a positive family history have limited lipid-lowering effects from the MedDiet. The second part of this thesis had as objective to further document differences between men and women in the impact of the MedDiet on the cardiovascular health. Our results suggest that the short-term consumption of the MedDiet reduces the Framingham risk score, improves the components of the metabolic syndrome, reduces modestly oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and has no effect on C-reactive protein and leptin in both men and women. However in men, but not in women, the consumption of the MedDiet leads to a favorable redistribution of LDL subclasses from smaller to larger LDL, reduces adiponectin concentrations and improves insulin sensitivity. Moreover, our results indicated that women are more sensitive to the satiating effects of the MedDiet than men. Finally, repeated exposure to the MedDiet promotes the long-term adherence to this food pattern (i.e. ~6 months post-intervention) in both men and women and helps for the long-term management of body weight especially in women. In summary, the consumption of the MedDiet leads to several beneficial effects on the cardiovascular health; however some effects appear to be more specific to men or women.
Dubeau, Claudelle. "Association entre la qualité de l'alimentation et l'exposition aux acides perfluoroalkylés (PFAA) et au bisphénol A (BPA) pouvant provenir de la transformation et de l'emballage des aliments chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 3 à 19 ans dans quatre communautés des Premières Nations du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68411.
Full textContext. Although traditional foods play a central role in Indigenous Peoples nutrition and culture, their intake is increasingly being replaced by processed foods, particularly among younger generations. Other than their lower nutritional quality, processed foods may also contain chemical contaminants from food processing and packaging that are known or suspected endocrine disruptors, such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and bisphenol A (BPA). In 2015, the project Jeunes, Environnement et Santé / Youth, Environment and Health (JES!-YEH!) was conducted among children and youth (3-19y) in collaboration with four First Nation communities in Quebec (n=198) and the objectives of the present project were to: (i) Document exposure to PFAAs and BPA in comparison to the most recent youth data of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS Cycle 5 2016-2017); (ii) Describe the intake of different food categories that may contain PFAAs or BPA; and (iii) Examine the associations between food categories intakes and exposure to these contaminants. Methods. Anthropometric measurements were taken and questionnaires were administered, including a food frequency questionnaire, based on which food intakes were calculated. Biological samples were collected, and serum was analysed for PFAAs (PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFNA) and urine for BPA. Generalized linear models were used to test associations between food intakes and biomarkers of exposure to PFAAs and BPA. Results. Mean PFNA serum concentrations were significantly higher than in the CHMS Cycle 5 (2016-2017) for the same age groups among Anishinabe participants, where as concentrations of mean PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS levels were lower than CHMS values among all JES!-YEH! participants. Mean urinary BPA concentrations were also higher than in the CHMS Cycle 5 (2016-2017) in all participants. Dairy products intake was high in comparison to other food categories, and especially milk, among Anishinabe participants aged 6 to 11 years old and Innu participants aged 3 to 5 and 6 to 11 years old. Total dairy products intake was significantly associated with PFNA serum concentrations among Anishinabe participants and Innu participants. PFNA was likewise associated with ultraprocessed foods intakes among Anishinabe participants, whereas it was associated with wild marine fish and berries intakes among Innu participants. PFHxS was associated with microwave popcorn intake among Anishinabe participants. For BPA, a positive association was found with cheese and milk intakes in Anishinabe participants, and with wild marine fish, wild berries, desserts and processed meats intakes in Innu participants. Conclusion. These results highlight the importance of better documenting food-processing and packaging methods, particularly for dairy products, and their contribution to endocrine disruptors exposures as well as to promote minimally processed and unpackaged foods to provide healthier food environments for youth in Indigenous communities and beyond.
Fortin, Karine. "L'alimentation intuitiveh[ressource électronique] : qu'en est-il chez une population recherchant un traitement spécialisé pour un trouble du comportement alimentaire?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30363.
Full textEating disorders (ED) are mental disorders for which nutrition has a very important role to play. Despite this fact, initial training for dietitians is incomplete when it comes to nutritional treatment in this population in Canada. Considering that current treatments can still be improved, it is important to promote clinical research that may help elaborate complementary approaches that could help decrease relapse and increase remission rates. For a number of years, a new approach promoting positive eating behaviors has been cumulating empirical support in the general population: intuitive eating (IE). Importantly, this approach reflects positive eating behaviors, and not only an absence of pathological behaviors. Up to now, few studies have explored intuitive eating among ED individuals. The purpose of this project is to document intuitive eating among treatment-seeking participants with ED and to compare them to a comparison sample from the general population. The second specific objective is to describe the associations between intuitive eating, ED symptoms and eating behaviors. A third objective of this project is to evidence differences in terms of IE according to ED type (restrictive or disinhibited). Results show that participants with ED have lower intuitive eating scores than the control group. Also, IE scores are inversely associated with most ED symptoms and eating behaviors, with the exception of restraint. Participants with restrictive behaviors have higher IE scores than participants with disinhibited behaviors. These results therefore suggest that if an IE approach is to be used in an ED treatment context, different aspects of intuitive eating could be prioritized depending on the predominant type of ED behaviors (restraint or disinhibition). These results allow to further advance the idea that IE could eventually complement current approaches to ED treatment and help dietitians by providing them with concrete behavioral goals to work on with patients.
Royer, Marie-Michelle. "Effets de l'alimentation méditerranéenne sur les comportements alimentaires et la régulation de l'appétit chez des hommes atteints du syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28380/28380.pdf.
Full textBédard, Alexandra. "Effets de l'alimentation méditerranéenne sur le profil de risque cardiovasculaire chez l'homme et la femme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27805/27805.pdf.
Full textLessard, Stéphanie. "Les stratégies alimentaires santé développées et adoptées visant à favoriser de saines habitudes alimentaires : une analyse intergénérationnelle dans une perspective de santé publique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67743.
Full textThe current dietary context exposes individuals to a food supply that favours an obesogenic consumption environment, which is defined by the sum of the environmental influences of living conditions that contribute to obesity. This environment is coupled with an informational environment focused on food, nutrition and overall health. Faced with the diversity of information disclosed, individuals develop different mental representations of healthy eating, making their food choices more complex. As one of the main actors helping to improve the health of the population, public health responds to these divergent representations. It provides information on healthy eating and overall health through interventions that aim to educate, normalize and empower the population. In general, the range of information disseminated through different media and public health interventions has fostered the development of a positive attitude towards healthy eating. However, despite the favourable public opinion towards healthy habits, overweight and obesity rates remain high. Overweight problems are associated with individual eating practices that stem from the current dietary context. Studies highlight the need to increase the effectiveness of public health interventions to reduce these problems by 1) identifying the steps taken by individuals who are already active in their own overall health to achieve or maintain healthy eating behaviour, and 2) the in-depth segmentation of target groups within the population. Based on the conclusions of this research, we propose to study the healthy eating strategies developed and adopted to promote adherence to or maintenance of healthy behaviours, consistent with public health interventions. The strategies respond to the need to simplify dietary decisions. We also propose to study strategies based on the millennial’s generation, a target group that is particularly at risk of developing overweight problems, according to the latest data provided by Statistics Canada. Millennials are also influential because of their population density, digital expertise, emerging consumer power, and attitudes and values that differ from other generations. vi Understanding the healthy eating strategies developed and adopted by the millenial generation would be useful both in formulating and implementing public health interventions, and in developing the communication strategies of companies that specialize in providing food products with enhanced health value. Finally, our study is part of an objective to develop knowledge about healthy eating behaviours.
Bélanger, Marie-Claire. "Statut redox, inflammatoire et métabolique chez une population inuit : effets d'une alimentation traditionnelle riche en acides gras omega-3 et en sélénium, mais contaminée par du mercure et des biphényles polychlorés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24288/24288.pdf.
Full textThe Inuit of Nunavik are exposed by their traditional diet to environmental contaminants including methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), at levels potentially noxious for health. Nevertheless, this diet is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and selenium. We formulated the hypothesis that these dietary factors could have beneficial effects counteracting the potentially pro-oxidant effects of contaminants. An epidemiological study conducted in 1992 retrieved a relatively low prevalence of ischemic heart diseases and type 2 diabetes in these Inuit, maybe because of their high consumption of omega-3 fatty acids. The initiation of research on the Inuit and environmental contaminants to which they are exposed to revealed another factor that might affect their health: a high prevalence of obesity. In fact, the observation that several participants suffered from obesity lead us to carry out relevant measurements in order to assess metabolic syndrome components, the inflammatory status and endothelial function in this population, in an attempt to distinguish the potentially harmful effects linked to obesity from those linked to contaminants. The potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the components of the metabolic syndrome have therefore also been investigated. Our results indicate, firstly, that the observed levels of contaminants had no evident oxidant effect detectable at the level of the redox couples of vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 in these Inuit. The contaminants were nevertheless associated with an increase of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and a stimulation of the antioxidant defenses. Besides, a positive association between omega-3 fatty acids and fasting blood glucose suggests that the introduction of a western diet rich in refined sugars could induce the expression of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia phenotypes without concomitant dyslipidemia usually reported for Caucasians. In fact, the lipid profile of the Inuit remained favourable, characterized by low levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids, and high levels of HDL cholesterol. Moreover, close to half of the studied subjects presented a fasting hyperinsulinemia, without evidence of peripheral inflammation or endothelial dysfunction, which are conditions usually met in hyperinsulinemic and obese Caucasians.
Sajus, Jean-Philippe. "L'hôpital à l'épreuve de l'obésité : éléments pour une sociologie économique de la prise en charge d'une pathologie chronique." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830366.
Full textBooks on the topic "Alimentation – Aspect sanitaire"
Weil, Andrew. Eating well for optimum health: The essential guide to bringing health and pleasure back to eating. Quill, 2001.
Weil, Andrew. Eating Well for Optimum Health. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2001.
Weil, Andrew. Eating well for optimum health: The essential guide to food, diet, and nutrition. Knopf, 2000.
Eating well for optimum health: The essential guide to food, diet, and nutrition. Knopf, 2000.
The new nutrition: From antioxidants to zucchini. Wiley, 2000.
Larose, Andrée. La santé des enfants-- en services de garde éducatifs. Publications du Québec, 2000.
Turco, Salvatore J. Sterile dosage forms: Their preparation and clinical application. 3rd ed. Lea & Febiger, 1987.
Turco, Salvatore J. Sterile dosage forms: Their preparation and clinical application. 4th ed. Lea & Febiger, 1994.
1933-, Simopoulos Artemis P., and Pavlou Konstantinos N, eds. Nutrition and fitness: Metabolic and behavioral aspects in health and disease. Karger, 1997.
Nutrition, physical activity, and health in early life. CRC Press, 1996.