Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aliments – Recherche'
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Billy, Ludivine. "Perception de la texture et de l'arôme des pommes : recherche de marqueurs biochimiques et contribution d'une bouche artificielle." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2099.
Full textTexture and aroma are the two main apple quality characteristics. The aim of this work is based on the comprehension of the role of these properties on fruit quality perception during post-harvest period of storage, and to study their evolution during that period. The first part of this study made it possible to identify the biochemical markers of the texture evolution of apples, which are, the solubilization and the depolymerization of pectins. The second part of this work presents the development of a new extraction technique of apples aroma, named “artificial mouth”, as well as that of a validation tool of this prototype by a methodology of statistical analysis of the texture of image. In a last part, the odorous molecules of apples were identified using this artificial mouth. Among them, the odorous molecules responsible for apples aroma were also distinguished
Mehinagic, Emira. "Recherche de descripteurs objectifs de la qualité sensorielle des pommes (Malus domestica)." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2108.
Full textSensory perception of fruit quality is still hard to understand and the instrumental measurements could help us to analyse it better. The principal objective of this study is to analyse the relationship between sensory perceptions, of fruit texture and flavour, and instrumental measurements, which characterise some mechanical and chemical fruit properties. The first part of the study is about a validation of sensory and instrumental measurements and characterisation of fruit quality, while the second part is about the relationship between sensory attributes of fruit quality and instrumental measurements. This study shows that sensory perception, in spite of its complexity, can be related to the appropriate instrumental measurements, and can be predicted by statistical models that take into account the psychophysical lows that control the perceptions
Lebatto, Stéphane. "La proximité perçue envers un produit alimentaire : un facteur favorable à l'acceptabilité des innovations alimentaires par la médiation de la confiance initiale ?" Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3032.
Full textThe goal of our research is to comprehend the proximity between people and foods they eat. First of all, reviews of the literature and a qualitative study based on interviews of 40 people have allowed demonstrating that the concept of proximity is multifaceted, and explicit and implicit as well. A quantitative survey conducted on 277 people allowed to build a proximity measurement tool. The scale grouping 45 items around 14 dimensions namely, culture, childhood, traceability, local, pleasure, habit, expertise, identity, uniqueness, value, health, nostalgia, conviviality and dependence. In another calisson related quantitative study conducted at the Museum of the calisson in Aix-en-Provence, France, the proximity measurement tool was tested and validated. It showed that the proximity comes after the acceptance via the initial trust of consumers and can discriminate them based on the dimensions of proximity they look for. A new-calisson related survey of 481 French people was conducted online during the first trimester of 2016. This survey helped to confirm the local scale in the case of a new product and to test our research model as well. These studies allow, through structural equations, to test the impact of different forms of proximity on the initial trust and acceptability. This corroborates the predictive power of proximity. The results show that the initial trust is a partial mediator between the proximity and the acceptability
Savoye, Fanny. "Optimisation du protocole de recherche des Escherichia coli producteurs de Shiga-toxines (STEC) dans les aliments." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794936.
Full textMeddahi, Farid. "Recherche sur les structures commerciales d'Ech-Chefiff (ex El-Asnam)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040256.
Full textWilson, Adjélé Eli. "Recherche d'isothiocyanates à intérêts fonctionnel et technologique chez les Brassicacées." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6078.
Full textThe isothiocyanates (ITCs), breakdown products of the glucosinolates, are molecules present in various vegetable families such as Brassicaceae. Research suggested that ITCs have beneficial effects on health; particularly by preventing the proliferation of cancer cells and that they have antibacterial properties being able to be exploited in industrial processes. However, data concerning the biological properties of ITCs, as well as the molecular mechanisms in which they take part remain still often unexplained. The objective of this work was to develop methods allowing a qualitative and quantitative analysis of ITCs with various physicochemical properties. These methods were then applied to analyze the ITC contents in plants produced in Alsace. Our results highlighted a qualitative and quantitative diversity of the ITC contents, depending on the species and on the variety of Brassicaceae. Indeed; antibacterial and anticancer activity tests were carried out in order to select the most effective molecular species. Antibacterial activity test showed that the effectiveness of ITCs on bacterial cells inhibition was related to bacterial species itself and the chemical structure of the side chain of ITCs as well as their concentration. Anti-cancer activity tests showed that ITCs are able to inhibit colon cancer cells
Payet, Bertrand Joseph. "Valorisation des produits sucriers de la Réunion : recherche de compléments alimentaires à activité antioxydante." La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_22_Payet.pdf.
Full textThe research in cane sugar by-products (molasses, syrup,juices) of food supplements with potential antioxidant properties was performed in order to valorize them. The nutraceutical concept, plausible mechanisms of oxidation, action means of antioxidant compounds and their different classes were presented before an overview of sugar products from Reunion Island. Quantification of phenolic compounds showed a progressive increase of the phenolic content in the by-products during the sugar fabrication process. In addition, many phenolic and aromatic compounds were identified in seven brown sugars (Reunion, Mauritius, France). Results of antioxidant assays on the sugar products established the increase of the activity during the sugar process. In addition, the seven cane brown sugars exhibited a moderate free radical scavenging capacity. Statistical data analyses performed on these sugar products pointed out the correlation between the increase of the phenolic content and the concomitant increase of the free radical scavenging activity. Statistical data analyses on the brown sugars showed that, besides their specificity (colour, aroma. . . . ), their origin is also a contributive factor to their aromatic composition, as well as the nature of the raw material (sugar cane) and the sugar fabrication technique (specificity of the factories). The results ascertained the possible valorization of sugar cane by-products as aromatic and colouring ingredient in new formulas (butter cakes, sweet buns, vanilla ice creams), therefore demonstrating the attractive properties (aromatic, gustative, functional) of the molasses. The achievement of this work was performed by mean of the following analytical techniques: measurement of polyphenols according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, microplate reader with an ultraviolet spectrophotometry detector. Désoxyribose, ABTS, DPPH, β-carotène antioxidant and free radical scavenging assays were also performed. For the statistical analyses, experimental data was processed with PCA and FDA
Barreteau, Hélène. "Recherche de molécules à activité antimicrobienne dans des coproduits végétaux issus des industries agroalimentaires." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0417.
Full textKouassi, Anne Patricia. "Recherche d'alternatives aux nitrates et nitrites dans les produits carnés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26787.
Full textThe aim of this study was to develop formulations that can replace nitrates and nitrites in meat-based products while keeping the same shelf life as nitrites and also, their organoleptic, antimicrobial and antioxydant properties. A qualitative and quantitative screening of spices have been made and three spices were selected, cloves, cumin and cinnamon. Different fruit powders were tested to get closer to the pinkish color which nitrites give to meats. Then, an organoleptic tests were performed on a panel of tasters and the results have helped identify the sweetness of the variety of fruit powder and very interesting sensory properties of several formulations in relation to the addition of nitrites. Finally, a techno-economic analysis was performed and showed a small increase in cost of production of meat products using spices and fruit powder, due to a slight increase in the cost of raw materials.
Lesschaeve, Isabelle. "Etude des performances de sujets effectuant l'analyse descriptive quantitative de l'odeur ou de l'arôme de produits alimentaires. Recherche de liens entre épreuves de sélection et épreuves de profil." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS013.
Full textCamus, Sandra. "L'authenticité marchande perçue et la persuasion de la communication par l'authentification : une application au domaine alimentaire." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOE006.
Full textThe dissertation deals with the conceptualization of the perceived authenticity in the merchant field and of the authentication process. It relies on the hypothesis that authentication is a full technique of communication; and so, it aims to measure the effectiveness of this process. Relying on the conditioning, the meaning and affect transfers, and on the persuasion models, we build a modelization reflecting the persuasive role of authentication. With two qualitative fields, two quantitative fields and a before-after with a control group experimentation with the systeme u retailing group, we introduce a perceived commoditized authenticity scale as well as the validation of research hypothesis relating to the persuasion of the communication by authentication
Cheung, Thelma. "Les mangeurs urbains brésiliens et leurs comportements de consommation : une recherche sur les différentes relations des groupes et leurs aliments." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4003.
Full textIn this work it is investigate the behavior of Brazilian urban food consumers from stated information by interviews. Surveys are applied to Brazilian people and to ask about food products, food consumer places, food thinks and food constraints. The main goal of this work is to consider not only social economic but also socio-cultural factors which indicate how consumers persuade the food and thus adopt certain consumer behaviors. Multivariate statistical techniques are applied to problem and permit to consider qualitative variables for identifying consumer typologies. Moreover, lexical analysis is used to search other interesting information. It is conclude that food practices represent a way of approximating consumers to their reference group or a way of apartheid consumer groups
Braconnier, Agnès. "Recherche de Clostridium botulinum dans des plats cuisinés et étude de sa croissance dans des substrats à base de légumes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30062.
Full textThis work is a contribution to a risk assessment of C. Botulinum in cooked chilled foods containing vegetables. A molecular method was used for the detection of C botulinum spores in commercial cooked chilled food and their raw material. This method use degenerated primers for PCR amplification of a 260-bp fragment common to type A, B E F and G neurotoxm genes, and molecular probes specifics to type A, B and E neurotoxin genes (Fach et al. 1995). After sample enrichment, this method allowed the detection of 1 to 10 spores of C. Botulinum per g. All samples tested for the presence of type A, B and E C. Botulinum were negative, suggesting that the prevalence of C. Botulinum in food containing vegetables is lower than 1-10 spores/g. Growth of several proteolytic C botulmum strains was studied in cooked vegetable-based media. Probabilities of growth at 10 C and 12 ʿC of proteolytic C. Botulinum spores in vegetables are low. .
Van, der Werf Remmelt. "Evaluation du pouvoir anti-oxydant des aliments : recherche de leurs effets modulateurs sur le stress oxydant dans le cas du diabète." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037983.
Full textCardin, Guillaume. "Développement d’une méthodologie preuve de concept pour la recherche et la détermination des fonctionnalités des flores microbiennes et des aliments fermentés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAC070.
Full textNatural products have always been a successful source of new drugs. Nowadays, the health sector (animal and human) is still looking for new compounds from natural resources, especially those which can exhibit a beneficial effect on the biological processes involved in the age-related affections (which have become a public health issue). The plants have already been investigating for this application. However, other natural resources, such as the microbial diversity, remain unexplored for the bioactivity of their compounds. The non-pathogenic microorganisms, especially those that can be found in fermented foods and drinks, could be considered as an interesting and innovative source of new metabolites that could exhibit beneficial effects. Among those fermented foods, the raw-milk cheese appears to have a great potential, as a source of new compounds, due to its rich microbial diversity. An innovative strategy was developed in this thesis with the aim of discovering new bioactive metabolites in a raw goat milk cheese. Several cheese extracts were obtained via an extraction method, which efficacity has been validated. The effect of the extracts on aging has been determined on in vitro and on in vivo models. Their impacts on the longevity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and on its survival on an oxidative medium have been evaluated. Some extracts (freeze-dried cheese, apolar extract and three aqueous extracts) have demonstrated beneficials effects during these experiments. Moreover, two signalling pathways (DAF-2/ILR pathway and p38 MAPK pathway) were identified to be involved in the mechanisms of action of the extracts. In parallel, two extracts (apolar extract and an aqueous extract) demonstrated a capacity to reduce the ROS production in human leukocytes. Finally, the study of the chemical composition of the bioactive extracts has begun, with the aim of determining the compounds that could be responsible of the biological activity and deserve to be isolated and studied. All the results obtained during this thesis are promising. The study of the chemical composition of the extracts will be pursued, as well as the study of their biological activity, especially on other in vitro and in vivo models more specific to aging
Milovanovic, Momcilo. "Les figures du livre dans "A la recherche du temps perdu" : modalités, fonctions, forme." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030050.
Full textRopars, Jeanne. "Exploration de génomes d'inoculums fongiques utilisés en fromagerie, pour leur caractérisation systématique, la recherche de mécanismes adaptatifs et l'évaluation de la capacité à la reproduction sexuée chez penicillium roqueforti." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0038.
Full textFungi are very diverse as they are found in almost all natural environments. Many have a significant importance with regards to human activities, like a very few of them able to grow on cheese, a unique substrate where they have to compete against bacteria. In the context of food safety, cheese producers have to ensure that microorganisms they use are innocuous, and correct species identification is the base of this proceeding. This study focused on the most important filamentous Ascomycetes used in cheese production, hitherto poorly studied. The phylogenetic study showed their diversity as they belong to two different classes, and allowed the identification of their wild closest relatives to investigate their adaptation to the cheese environment. From an evolutionary point of view, cheese is not a natural habitat for fungi, and cheese fungi may have acquired key fermentative activities and other particular traits to specialize to this particular niche. The genomes of Penicillium camemberti and P. Roqueforti have been sequenced during this study, and enabled, along with the penicillin producer P. Rubens, a preliminary comparative genomic approach to search for evolutionary mechanisms of adaptation. It highlighted the horizontal transfer of large genomic regions in cheese fungi, carrying at least two genes (zymocin and PAF) that may confer adaptive advantages for fungi in the cheese environment. The genome of P. Roqueforti was also used to examine the capability of sexual reproduction as a potential to generate diversity within inoculums currently produced by clonal-subcultures. Indirect evidence of a sexual cycle in P. Roqueforti was shown: the presence of both MAT genes in a large collection of cheese isolates, the detection of purifying selection acting on MAT genes, the identification of a set of genes involved in meiosis and of RIP-like footprints. This research provided accurate tools for the identification of cheese fungi. It also brought new insights in the reproduction capabilities of P. Roqueforti, and it initiated the genomic comparison of cheese domesticated fungi to find adaptive mechanisms
Muraro-Cochart, Magali. "Le vécu de crise et le comportement du consommateur consécutif à la révélation de risques de santé : application à la consommation alimentaire." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIME001.
Full textThe objective of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of consumer behavior following health food risks revelations. In this regard, we introduce a new concept in marketing : the experienced crisis, defined as " the subjective experience of the consumer who faces a schema and consumption experience rupture generated by a revealed health food risk and characterized by a loss of control and a loss of trust ". A critical reading of researches on perceived risk and empirical studies results (a qualitative one and two quantitative) led us to emphasize and show the mediation role of the experienced crisis between health food risk perception and changes in consumer behavior
Basso, Frédéric. "L'incorporation des food imitating products : la métaphore alimentaire des produits d'hygiène entre marketing, santé publique et neurosciences sociales." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G018.
Full textFood Imitating Products (FIP) are household cleaners and personal care products that exhibit food attributes in order to enrich their consumption experience. Such a marketing logic can also be considered a potential source of consumers unintentional poisonings. In order to understand the rationale behind this marketing logic, we consider FIPs as non verbal food metaphors. According to the conceptual metaphor theory, the metaphor maps from the source domain (food) to the target domain (cleaners) in order to enlighten a (consumption) experience domain with another. We explore if the use of food metaphor could lead to a miscategorization. For this purpose, we conducted a qualitative analysis of household cleaners or personal care products related phone calls made to a poison control centre. It appears that unintentional home self-poisoning following the accidental ingestion of a chemical product by a healthy adult can result from the perceived similarity created by the commercial use of food metaphor. To control for contextual and personal factors that may influence the perceived similarity between household cleaners or personal care products and food, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment. In light of our neuroimaging results, it appears that the visual processing of FIPs lead to taste inferences, confirming, in the modal approach of categorization, that adult subjects can implicitly categorize a personal care product as food
Hue, Clotilde. "Caractérisation de la fermentation du cacao : recherche de bio-marqueurs en relation avec la qualité organoleptique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20009.
Full textIn a difficult economic context for "premium" chocolate makers, the control of the organoleptic quality of the raw material is an imperative and a competitive advantage.The aromatic quality of a chocolate is highly related to post-harvest treatment and particularly to the fermentation. This step is essential to the development of sensory characteristics.However, cocoa quality control tools are mainly based on sensory evaluation of samples. This method is expensive and time consuming.Fast and robust tools for quality analysis are needed. This study aims at characterizing the course of the fermentation in order to select specific markers of the quality of cocoa. The study focused on markers which can be measured on plantation (through the evolution of temperature and pH), and those from biochemical transformations of the beans (nitrogenous and polyphenol type). These markers have been then compared to data from traditional quality methods (cut-test and ammonia nitrogen quantification) and to sensory data in order to select the most relevant ones for the control of fermentation. The overall analysis of the database enabled to identify eight analytical bio-markers and three sensory bio-markers, representative of the quality of cocoa and in connection with the development of fermentation. In addition, recommendations for methods of measuring these bio-markers to implement and to monitor the quality have been presented
Mugel, Ophélie. "Le bien-être alimentaire : une recherche interpretative à partir du souvenir de l'expérience du consommateur." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0016.
Full textRooted in the Transformative Consumer Research (Mick et al., 2012), this research explores the manifestation of food well-being using consumers' memories of lived experiences. In a naturalistic (Lincoln and Guba, 1985) and interpretativist approach, this qualitative research combines three types of data which grant us access to lived experiences: the phenomenological interview, photo-elicitation and the personal diary. By following a grounded analysis process theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967), our results present two major elements defining the experience of food well-being: the role of the expression of personal values (Schwartz, 1992) in the experience of food well-being and the presence of three key components in the overall process of the experiment. The results then allow us to define the experience of food well-being as a eudemonic experience linked to the motivational values of the person. This is supported by different enabling conditions (attention to quality of time, products and recipes as well as the physical context of the experience); experiential processes (full mastery of the experience, immersion, initiation, sharing, reminiscence and reproduction of memory, and sensory process); and positive emotions (pride, joy, enthusiasm, gratitude, relaxation, comfort and nostalgia). Our results propose a taxonomy of food well-being according to 4 principles: the food well-being of conservation, the food well-being of self-transcendence, the food well-being of openness to change and the food well-being of self-enhancement. These concepts define food eudemonia characterized by the confluence of food related experiences and meanings attributed to well-being with the individual's own values. Finally, this research proposes managerial recommendations for public authorities, consumer protection associations and non-governmental organizations, as well as all the actors in food chains and distributors invested and / or concerned by consumer well-being issues
Le, Lay Céline. "Recherche de microorganismes antifongiques pour la réduction des risques de contaminations fongiques dans les produits de BVP et étude des molécules actives." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0092/document.
Full textMolds are responsible for the spoilage of bakery products and thus, cause substantial economic losses. In this context, bioprotective cultures represent a growing interest as an alternative to chemical preservatives. The aims of the first part of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in situ antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propionibacteria against five moulds species isolated from bakery products. The most inhibitorybacteria found during the in vitro test were evaluated in situ after surface spraying. In WFH medium, the most active LAB isolates belonged to the Lactobacillus plantarum, reuteri and buchneri groups. The most active strains were added directly during “pains au lait” preparation and differents strains present delayed effect in particular a strain of Leuconostoc citreum which seems to delay the growth of Penicillium corylophilum after 10 days. In the second part, supernatants were analyzed to identified and quantified antifungal compounds by different treatments and different methods like HPLC, mass spectrometry. The results suggested that organic acids played the most important role in the antifungal activity and show that the main antifungal compounds corresponded to lactic, acetic and propionic acids, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide, as well as other compounds present at low levels. Based on these results, various combinations of the identified compounds were used to evaluate their effect on spore germination and fungal growth of P. corylophilum and E. repens. Some combinations presented the same activity than the bacterial culture supernatant thus confirming the involvement of the molecules in the antifungal activity. The results suggested that acetic acid was responsible of the entire antifungal activity against Penicillium corylophilum and played an important role in Eurotium repens inhibition. The selected bacteria provide a future prospect for use as bioprotective cultures on bakery products
Narchi, Issa. "Etude du procédé de foisonnement en continu des milieux modèles : interaction formulation-procédé sur les propriétés du produit fini." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731308.
Full textNarchi, Issa. "Etude du procédé de foisonnement en continu des milieux modèles : interaction formulation-procédé sur les propriétés du produit fini." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21893.
Full textFessard, Amandine. "Recherche de bactéries lactiques autochtones capables de mener la fermentation de fruits tropicaux avec une augmentation de l'activité antioxydante." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0033/document.
Full textLactic acid bacteria are used for the production of large variety of fermented foods in order to enhance shelf-life together with improved organoleptic and nutritional properties. In order to create new functional foods and to reduce fresh product waste, the objectives of my PhD were to develop and characterize fruit or vegetables fermented foods, rich in antioxidants and pleasant for consumers. To reach these goals, my PhD work was split in two steps: 1- characterization of lactic bacteria present on fruits and vegetables grown at Reunion Island and 2- selection of autochthonous bacteria with functional properties. Thus, 77 lactic bacteria from genera Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Weissella, Lactobacillus and Fructobacillus were isolated from papaya, tomato and sliced cabbage from Reunion Island. They were genetically and phenotypically characterized. A huge diversity in term of genetic and phenotypic characteristics was determined. Furthermore, several isolates exhibiting specific technological and functional properties (growth rate, resistance to environmental stress, production of exopolysaccharides) were identified. These isolates, potentially useful for the production of fermented foods, were Weissella cibaria 64 and 30, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides 60 and Lactobacillus plantarum 75. Then, further screening steps were performed on different food substrates (pineapple, mango, papaya, tea infusions) in order to select isolates able to improve antioxidant and organoleptic properties. Two isolates, W. cibaria 64 and Lc. pseudomesenteroides 12b were shown to significantly enhance the phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of Victoria pineapple juice after a 48h-fermentation. The fermented products exhibited a good shelf-life of 16 days without alteration and preserved nutritional benefits. Characteristic odour and tastes were detected in the fermented drinks. The increase in antioxidant activity observed during fermentation was probably the consequence of a depolymerization of phenolic compounds. Further works are required to identify the composition changes over fermentation and to reach a better understanding of the mechanisms involved
Stamboli-Rodriguez, Celina. "Le rôle de la nostalgie du pays d'origine dans le processus d'acculturation des immigrés de première et deuxième génération : Cas de consommations alimentaire et médiatique des immigrés turcs en France." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090085.
Full textThe aim of this research is to understand the role of home country nostalgia in the acculturation process. In this respect, two consumption areas relevant to our exploratory research were chosen: food and media. We adopted an ethnographic research method. Two dimensions of nostalgia, permanent and contextual, and three types of nostalgia, home nostalgia, herited nostalgia and country of origin nostalgia, were defined based on the verbatims. We claim that nostalgia becomes a factor of acculturation, and of reculturation for the second generation immigrants. Consumption is a sign of this acculturation and reculturation. This study reflects concret examples of how ethnic identity is subject to bricolage and is consumed (Bouchet, 1995). Finally, a nostalgic immigrant consumer typology was held and different consumption types were defined for each consumer type: amateurs of nostalgia – passionate consumption, nostal
Rondags, Emmanuel. "Production d'arômes laitiers par des lactocoques : recherche de la voie de synthèse du diacétyle et d'une mise en œuvre en réacteur continu à haute densité cellulaire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_RONDAGS_E.pdf.
Full textViné, Thibaut. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation des transferts de matière et d’énergie lors des opérations culinaires de cuisson par contact." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB015.
Full textCooking is one of the most common food processing operations at both domestic and industrial scale. Among the many cooking methods, contact cooking has received very little attention in the literature, particularly with regard to the transfers of mass and energy within the food and between the food and its environment. This is mostly due to the metrological and theoretical difficulties involved in the study of contact heat transfer in food processes. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding and prediction of mass and energy transfers during contact cooking and to provide new tools (especially numerical ones) to better dimension and monitor this operation. To achieve this objective, an approach combining experimental study and modelling of transfer phenomena has been achieved. An instrumented cooking device was designed in order to carry out a large experimental campaign aimed at studying the impact of several heating conditions on the cooking of three products: potato, pancake and omelet. The results enabled the development and validation of several models capable of accurately predicting the temperature rises and water losses of these products during cooking. These models are generic enough to be easily adaptable from one product to another and transposable to different contact cooking processes
Annamayer, Elodie. "Recherche sur les spécificités de l'encadrement juridique des produits innovants : étude dans les domaines de l'environnement, de la santé et de l'agro-alimentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0365.
Full textOn the basis of the doctrinal study of legal systems applicable to innovative products, we often assume that it is necessary to draw up specific rules as a response to the unsuitable ordinary rules of law to supervise them. The specificity sought in this doctrinal work refers to the linkage between special law rules and ordinary law rules which have initiated their legal system. This thesis proposes an unpublished approach which is to seek if there is a specific way to provide the areas of environment, health and agri-food in a legal framework. Based on a comparative work between the legal system of the innovative products and those that are not or no longer considered as innovative, we argue that there are no real specificities in the production and the enforcement of the rules of law applied on innovative products. The demonstration relies on the analysis of national and European sources, and on the rules and instruments providing access to the market without neglecting the measures for their implementation by the national and European institutions. The same legal techniques are used to make (harmonization of national legislations, exercise of a right to national differentiation) and enforce (development of co-administration) these rules of law. However, due to the principle of primacy of EU law, we can highlight a stronger normative intensity of European origin with regard to the innovative products. The source of these specificities lies less in the legal techniques used than in the constraint of EU law on national rights in the framework of innovative products. While these specificities are qualified concerning the production of the rules of law applied to innovative products, they are more accentuated under their execution
Ayour, Jamal. "Contribution à l'étude de la diversité génétique et recherche des paramètres physicochimiques et biochimiques indicateurs de la qualité au cours de la maturation des fruits d'abricots frais et après transformation." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0704.
Full textThe problematic of this thesis is based on the characterization of the quality of apricotsand their aptitude for industrial processing. Three main axes guided this study. The first oneconsisted initially of a global morphometric characterization of Moroccan apricot clonesmaintened in experimental station of INRA of Marrakech and followed by the analysis ofgenetic diversity. 92 accessions, from different geographical regions, were genotyped using21 microsatellite markers. Indeed, the analyzed collection was characterized by a highpolymorphism and a reduced genetic diversity. A total of 120 alleles were identified with anaverage of 5.71 alleles per locus. All the statistical evidence (hierarchical analysis, PCA andstructural analysis) show that the genetic structure of Moroccan apricot can be subdivided intotwo populations : a major population made up of most accessions of genetic groups (authenticpopulation linked in particular to the Delpatriarca variety) and a second less diversifiedpopulation related to all reference varieties, including the Canino variety. The observedvariability between the 92 genotypes could be an asset to improve the apricot cultivation andto allow a sustainable development in the space and the time of the fruit by the selection ofnew genotypes of apricots. Finally, the observed genetic variability was used in the selectionof new apricot clones for phenotypic analysis. The second axis focused on the study ofbiochemical markers that allow to understand and evaluate the quality of selected apricots,namely : the change of organic acids and soluble sugars in relation to the sensory quality, thedevelopment of pigments and color change, the evolution of phenolic compounds in relationto antioxidant activity and loss of texture according to the cell wall biochemistry. Indeed,good physicochemical and biochemical properties have been reported for the ten chosenclones (Maximum values reported for some bioactif compounds : Vitamin C = 0.15 g / kg, β-carotene = 149.251 μg / kg, provitamin A = 0.028 mg / kg), as well as the qualitative traitsassociated with the maturation season and the genotype, is certainly a valuable genetic sourceto extend the apricot season and to supply stalls and industry. The third axis was on theimplication of the texture of the fruit in the industrial processing of apricot. We analyzed thevarietal ability of apricots for industrial processing by analyzing their textural propertiesbefore and after processing. And to better understand the variability of apricot texture, westudied the impact of heat treatment depending on the stage of fruit harvesting on a widerange of French cultivars. In the end, five apricots varieties were chosen as the mostappropriate for the industrial process
Legoas, Pena Jorge, and Pena Jorge Legoas. "Ontographie du rapport à la terre à Chillimocco : rationalité et rituel dans l'agriculture d'un village andin au Pérou." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25782.
Full textCette thèse montre la façon dont les paysans-autochtones de Chillimocco (dans les Andes péruviennes) constituent leur rapport à la terre à travers l’activité agricole. Celle-ci est envisagée de façon à ne plus la considérer comme un ensemble de « techniques » qu’on impose sur la « nature » pour la soumettre, mais comme un continu qui associe du technique et du rituel et qui, ce faisant, établit un rapport symétrique entre hommes et terres. Nous faisons une description approfondie de la façon dont l’agriculture est menée dans ce village andin, afin de dégager les principes qu’elle met en place. La démarche analytique que nous suivons est double. Un premier niveau d’analyse est constitué par l’examen des catégories locales que dégage l’activité agricole. Elles-mêmes constituent un premier indice du rapport à la terre à Chillimocco, mais pour s’interroger à propos de la « rationalité » de ce rapport, on ne peut pas opérer une interpolation automatique. Un deuxième niveau d’analyse est alors opéré à l’aide d’une notion de rationalité révisée afin de la rendre abordable par l’anthropologie. Pour ce faire, on se sert de certains éléments de l’anthropologie symétrique qui nous permettent de remanier ladite notion et de l’investir des sens locaux dégagés par le premier niveau d’analyse. Les notions locales nous aident à envisager une rationalité sociale plus enracinée, mais aussi elles brisent nos catégories de départ et nous conduisent progressivement vers des notions plus aptes à saisir la différence ontologique que posent les Chillimoccokuna. La catégorie de « rituel », chère à l’anthropologie, est ainsi remise en question. Dans un premier moment, on met en œuvre un traitement du rituel cohérent avec la façon dont Edmund Leach (dépassant le rituel comme type d’action) l’envisageait comme un trait de l’action. Mais la considération de la condition ontologique des acteurs impliqués fait que cette thèse finisse par remettre en question la distinction entre traits rituels et traits techniques elle-même. Enfin, par notre approche qui va au-delà de la symétrie généralisée de Bruno Latour, par une préoccupation analytique autoréflexive fondée sur l’expérience, et par la prise en compte de formes d’existence multiples, ce travail établit une démarche que nous appelons d’ontographie.
This doctoral thesis shows how native peasants from Chillimocco (in the Peruvian Andes) establish a relationship with the land through agriculture. The latter is viewed not as a set of “techniques” imposed on “nature” to subject it, but as a continuum that combines technique and ritual and, in doing so, establishes a symmetrical relationship between human beings and lands. We describe in-depth how agriculture is carried out in this Andean village in order to bring out the principles it sets up. Our analytical work is twofold. A first level of analysis is constituted by the examination of local categories brought out by agricultural activities. These categories constitute a first marker of the relationship with the lands at Chillimocco, but to interrogate the “rationality” of this relationship one cannot undertake an automatic interpolation. Then a second level of analysis is undertaken with the help of a notion of “rationality” that has been revised in order to make it accessible to anthropology. To achieve this, we use some elements of the Symmetrical Anthropology that allow us to rework such notion and to endow it with the local meanings undertaken in the first level of analysis. The local notions help us not only to envision a more grounded social rationality, but also to unsettle our categories of departure; progressively leading us to more adapted notions to grasp the ontological difference revealed by the Chillimocco. Thus, the pertinence of “ritual, ” a category of great concern in the anthropological tradition is put into question. In a first moment, we treat ritual in agreement with how Edmund Leach visualized it, i.e. like a trait of all action (going beyond ritual as a type of action). However, the ontological condition of the actors involved, make that this dissertation also questions the distinction between ritual traits and technical traits. Finally, our approach that goes beyond Bruno Latour’s generalized symmetry, our self-reflexive analytical work based on experience, and our concern with multiple forms of existence, make of this work more an “ontographic” effort than a classical ethnography.
This doctoral thesis shows how native peasants from Chillimocco (in the Peruvian Andes) establish a relationship with the land through agriculture. The latter is viewed not as a set of “techniques” imposed on “nature” to subject it, but as a continuum that combines technique and ritual and, in doing so, establishes a symmetrical relationship between human beings and lands. We describe in-depth how agriculture is carried out in this Andean village in order to bring out the principles it sets up. Our analytical work is twofold. A first level of analysis is constituted by the examination of local categories brought out by agricultural activities. These categories constitute a first marker of the relationship with the lands at Chillimocco, but to interrogate the “rationality” of this relationship one cannot undertake an automatic interpolation. Then a second level of analysis is undertaken with the help of a notion of “rationality” that has been revised in order to make it accessible to anthropology. To achieve this, we use some elements of the Symmetrical Anthropology that allow us to rework such notion and to endow it with the local meanings undertaken in the first level of analysis. The local notions help us not only to envision a more grounded social rationality, but also to unsettle our categories of departure; progressively leading us to more adapted notions to grasp the ontological difference revealed by the Chillimocco. Thus, the pertinence of “ritual, ” a category of great concern in the anthropological tradition is put into question. In a first moment, we treat ritual in agreement with how Edmund Leach visualized it, i.e. like a trait of all action (going beyond ritual as a type of action). However, the ontological condition of the actors involved, make that this dissertation also questions the distinction between ritual traits and technical traits. Finally, our approach that goes beyond Bruno Latour’s generalized symmetry, our self-reflexive analytical work based on experience, and our concern with multiple forms of existence, make of this work more an “ontographic” effort than a classical ethnography.
Zeyer, Estelle. "Inhibition de la mélanose post-mortem chez la crevette Penaeus monodon : Étude des activités enzymatiques phénoloxydases et recherche de conservateurs alternatifs aux sulfites." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0477/document.
Full textEnzymatic browning, called post mortem melanosis in crustaceans, is an enzymatic phenomenon catalyzed by proteins with phenoloxidase activities (tyronase, catecholase, laccase and hemocyanin). The use of sulfite preservatives (E220 to E228 and E539) remains at present the most widespread solution to avoid the development of this unattractive color towards consumers. But, a part of the population develops hypersensitivity reactions by consuming sulfited foods. With the objective to find an alternative to these conversators, two research axes have been planned : the biochemical characterization of the proteins responsible for post mortem melanosis in the P. monodon shrimp, then the search for inhibitory molecules. Fractionation on Phenyl Sepahrose™ CL-4B resin (HIC) followed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis separation showed the presence of three proteins of 46, 82 and 89 kDa with mainly laccase activity. Identification by RP-HPLC-Q / TOF revealed the presence of hemocyanin only. A pH of 7.0 and a temperature between 37 and 50 °C showed the most important activities, using the enzymatic assay called "MBTH test". On the other hand, a high throughput screening of 45 potentially inhibitory molecules could be performed under standardized analysis conditions thanks to the robotic tools of the Realcat platform
Simic, Vanessa. "Comment alimenter la recherche? : le financement de la recherche en santé des populations par l'industrie agroalimentaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27408.
Full textThis exploratory study examines perceptions of various Quebec actors on population health research funding by the food industry in Quebec to establish whether this practice is considered socially and ethically acceptable in the current context. In addition, participants were asked about their perceptions on the acceptability of industry-funded scientists on advisory committees to the government. Semi-structured individual interviews were undertaken with 14 stakeholders involved in this issue, who are employed in the academic sector, the public sector, the food industry, non-profit organizations and the media. Even without consensuses on the various research questions, it can be concluded that research collaborations with the food industry can be acceptable, but that they must absolutely be accompanied by rigorous mechanisms and ethical conduct of the involved parties. This study allows for a better understanding of the factors that come into play to determine the social acceptability of the practice. These factors are the context, the interests of involved stakeholders, the ethical issues related to collaborations, the variation in the acceptability of different collaborative approaches, the variation in the acceptability of collaborating with certain members of the food industry as opposed to others, differences in the theoretical and practical application of these collaborations and the notion of manipulation by the food industry. In addition, it refers to a series of ethically acceptable collaborative approaches, and offers a list of essential values and principles for the acceptability of this practice, from an ethical standpoint. Thus, the results point to safeguards and appropriate protections that would render the collaborations socially and ethically acceptable. Acceptable collaborations include the establishment of pooling funds, the appointment of a third party to manage the collaborations, the involvement of ethics committees, and the development and implementation of decision-making mechanisms, protocols and agreements for acceptable collaborations.
Raynaud, Sébastien. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux barrières utilisant des microfibrilles de cellulose." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI058/document.
Full textThis study takes place in a context of development of paper-based barrier packaging materials, using of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) that brings renewability, recyclability, and biodegradability. Two strategies have been investigated: the wet lamination of a MFC barrier layer on board, and the use of MFC as additive in a water-based barrier coating colour. The promising use of MFC for the formation of barrier layers has been demonstrated in both cases. The wet lamination of MFC on board led to good oxygen and grease barrier properties, using highly fibrillated MFC. The board-MFC complex presented a strong adhesion after drying, without requiring glue. In the case of barrier coating, in order to obtain a low viscosity suspensions leading to high barrier layers, the use of highly fibrillated MFC mixed with a fully-hydrolysed poly(vinyl alcohol (PVOH) of low degree of polymerisation has been preferred. The addition of MFC in PVOH demonstrated its potential for improving the drying behaviour of water-barrier barrier coating colours. The combined use of MFC and layered silicates evidenced a synergistic effect on their dispersion in a PVOH solution, leading to an improved water vapour barrier while avoiding the formation of aggregates that otherwise damage the oxygen barrier. The work contributed to demonstrate the potential of MFC to be used for the formation of barrier layers, paving the way for the development of more sustainable barrier packaging materials
Brault, Dominique. "Recherche d'un algicide sélectif approprié à la culture de Chondrus crispus (L. ) Stackh." Brest, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BRES0013.
Full textCastillo, Roberto. "Répercussion de traitements physiques de décontamination du polypropylène sur ses propriétés physico-chimiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0009.
Full textFood packaging is highly regulated respect to their use. European regulation CE N ° 10/2011 "Plastic Implement Measures" requires the verification of the safety of packaging on the basis of the precautionary principle. A notion of risk is associated with packaging due to a lack of knowledge of the reactivity of the molecules from the additives used and those specific from plastic. The products of reaction and/or degradation (called neo-formed) are little known or not known.The neo-formed products may occur during the lifetime of use of food packaging, from production to final use by the consumer. As part of this work, we determined the influence of two physical methods for decontamination of surfaces: pulsed light and electron-beams, on polypropylene films specifically formulated for this study.Some molecules such as oligomers (POSH) are specific of polymers. They are already present in the films before treatment and they avoid a good identification of the neo-formed molecules. The use of techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled with gas chromatography (LC-GC) or two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) is required to separate the oligomers and analyze the films and neo-formed molecules.Only the antioxidant Irgafos 168 among the molecules studied, presented reactivity after Pulsed Light treatment, it was observed the formation of several isomers from the original molecule following oxidation, or after the loss of a tert-butyl group. On the other hand, the Electron-Beam treatment generated several neoformed from all the molecules studied; in addition an increase of the oligomers was quantified.Methodologies used and the neo-formed molecules identified in this work could provide reference tools for the next studies about the effects of decontamination processes
Haugen, Leiv Tore. "Recherches sur les potentialités fourragères du lupin blanc (Lupinus albus L. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT011A.
Full textMechichi, Tahar. "Etude de la dégradation de compsés aromatiques par des bactéries anaérobies d'un digesteur méthanogène alimenté par des margines d'olives." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11070.
Full textBlanchet-Costermans, Muriel Casanave Dominique. "Etat de l'art des procédés de purification chimique des gaz riches en hydrogène issus de carburants liquides pour alimenter les piles à combustibles de type PEMFC." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dessid/rrbblanchet.pdf.
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Prudhomme, Rémi. "Évaluation quantitative de la durabilité de stratégies d’atténuation des é́missions de gaz à effet de serre dans le secteur AFOLU à l’échelle mondiale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA014/document.
Full textThe large-scale implementation of emission reduction strategies in the agriculture, forestry and other land uses (AFOLU) sector raises questions about their sustainability. For example, second-generation bio-fuels threaten biodiversity and the reforestation of agricultural land increases food prices. In addition, these emission reduction strategies are highly dependent on socio-economic conditions describing the rest of the food system (agricultural trade liberalization, economic development, population growth, etc.). For example, an increase in food demand, due to population growth and economic development, can increase pressures on the food system, leading to ecosystem degradation and increased greenhouse gas emissions. In this thesis, we seek to clarify the impacts on biodiversity, food and greenhouse gas emission of large-scale mitigation strategies in the AFOLU sector under different socio-economic conditions. To do this, we used prospective modeling to simulate various global land uses in 2030, 2050 and 2100 under different scenarios. More specifically, to study the impact of different mitigation strategies on biodiversity indicators, we coupled the Nexus Land-Use (NLU) model with the Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (PREDICTS) biodiversity model. A nitrogen balance is also built to specify the link between intensification and environmental impact.In the first chapter, we assessed the impact of scenarios of increased legume production in Europe on greenhouse gas emissions in the AFOLU sector. We found that the main environmental benefit of legumes is to provide proteins as a substitute for animal products rather than enabling a lower consumption of synthetic fertilizer through the increased leguminous nitrogen fixation. Most of the emission reduction takes place in the animal production sector and outside Europe. This first chapter also highlights the importance of indirect mechanisms that lead to a reduction in N2O emissions associated with nitrogen fertilization in the plant sector. The sensitivity of these results to different reforestation scenario led me to then focus on the interactions between mitigation strategies.In the second chapter, we analyzed the trade-offs and synergies between biodiversity and food security for different combinations of mitigation scenarios. Large-scale bioenergy production had negative effects on different biodiversity indicators (species richness and biodiversity intactness index) as well as on different food security indicators (food prices and production costs). Although presenting a trade-off between biodiversity protection and food security, a combination of diet change and reforestation scenarios can improve biodiversity and food security in many cases compared to a situation without mitigation.In a third chapter, we identified global land-use scenarios that ensure to stay within planetary boundaries in terms of nitrogen cycle, biosphere integrity, non-CO2 emissions from the AFOLU sector and forest conservation. We showed that despite the uncertainty surrounding the determination of global boundaries, the most robust environmental scenarios that ensure to stay within these global boundaries are mainly composed of reforestation, dietary changes and increased efficiency in the use of inputs in crop production
Boucher, Aude-Claire. "Recherche de catalyseurs peu sensibles à la présence de monoxyde de carbone pour piles à combustible PEMFC alimentées en gaz de reformage." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2291.
Full textThe aim of this work was to prepare and to characterize platinum-based bimetallic catalyst before testing their electrocatalytic activities, as fuel cell anode, in presence of some ppm of carbon monoxide. In order to avoid platinum poisoning, another metal such as tin is added. This process results in a material more tolerant to CO. A supported Pt-Sn catalyst was prepared by a chemical route, using a platinum carbonyl complex. This material was characterized by physical and chemical methods which indicate that it is constituted of nanostructured Pt3Sn particles. These particles have a narrow distribution size with a mean diameter of approximately 2 nm. Its activity towards CO, particularly in fuel cell conditions, was compared with an analogue commercial catalyst. This electrochemical study shows that the catalyst prepared from the carbonyl precursor is less sensitive to CO than the commercial one
Brulard, Nicolas. "Outils d'aide à la conception de systèmes de production maraîchers urbains optimisés pour la vente en circuits courts et de proximité." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI002.
Full textTo support the urban farm emergence trend in large metropolises, we propose decision support tools based on mathematical programs to design market gardening farms targetting the demands of different categories of clients in local fresh fruits and vegetables. Technical solutions develop rapdily, but the strong constraints linked to urban farming, such as limited surface and high operating costs, make difficult to define viable and sustainable business models for urban market gardeners. Three mixed integer linear programming models are presented: An annual strategic sizing model, a client combination selection model and a plurennial strategic sizing model for diversified fruit and vegetable farms. Numerical results and model performances are presented, based on multi-products, multi-techniques and multi-periods real cases. Our main contributions are the consideration of the perishable nature of fruits and vegetables in strategic production systems sizing models, including notably the investments and workforce sizing
Bochard, Nicolas. "Effet de halo santé : une explication en termes de fausse attribution affective." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS043/document.
Full textLabels on food products can lead to unwarranted inferences: organic and fair-trade products are perceived as containing fewer calories. This effect is described in the literature as the health halo effect. In this thesis, we argue that an affective misattribution mechanism can partially explain this effect. We present 11 studies testing empirically this hypothesis.Among our main results, we show that this effect still occurs even if participants did not mention that they used the label in their evaluation (Study 3) and when they are under cognitive load, hindering a deliberate reasoning (Studies 4 and 5). By using an affective misattribution procedure, we also show that when a neutral stimulus is preceded by an organic label (vs. a control picture), this stimulus is then evaluated more positively (Studies 6, 7, and 8). Finally, we observed a systematic congruency between the valence of the prime (i.e., the label) and the valence of the evaluation of a neutral stimulus (i.e., the caloric content of a food product; Studies 9, 10, and 11). Taken together, these studies suggest that this cognitive bias is a robust phenomenon, involving a few inferences and mainly driven by the valence of the label (whether positive or negative)
Guerbej, Hamadi. "Recherches technologiques et experimentales sur le sevrage d'alevins de loup (dicentrarchus labrax l. )." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2009.
Full textNguyen, Huong Hue. "Investissements industriels, concurrence et diversification de l'offre alimentaire." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020052.
Full textOur research aims at analyzing the economic feasibility of approaches for product diversification and quality characteristics improvement by firms, in a context where these modifications are subject to technical constraints that induce high costs not necessarily valued by the market. In this context, we try to understand how it is possible for public authorities to intervene in order to encourage firms to make sufficient efforts (in terms of upstream investment) and facilitate the marketing of products in response to the needs of society. We apply these research perspectives to two important issues, namely the GM/non-GM coexistence and the health and nutrition issue through the development of product lines which are more acceptable from a nutritional point of view (for example, less sugar, fat, salt…). These two research issues are developed by mobilizing the tools of the Theory of Industrial Organization. The results show that the spontaneous choice of product lines by firms is not always socially satisfactory, which implies that in certain conditions, public intervention is desirable. In the case of GM/non-GM coexistence, non-GM products may not have the desired characteristics in the absence of regulation. In terms of health issues, companies in the market do not offer high nutritional value foods in the absence of public intervention. Overall, this thesis concludes that it is often necessary to combine several public instruments. In the first study, we show that the public authorities can effectively manage the GM/non-GM coexistence by acting simultaneously through the labelling threshold definition, the quality tests and controls, and the level of the penalty cost in case of non compliance. In the second study, we show that an intervention through Research and Development (R&D) subsidies has some weaknesses such as the risk of manipulation of the grant by firms, or the possibility of triggering distortions to the detriment of public health. This suggests combining the R&D subsidies with another instrument such as taxation
Zhu, Yan. "Rational design of plastic packaging for alcoholic beverages." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA020.
Full textThe view of plastic food packaging turned from useful to a major source of contaminants in food and an environmental threat. Substituting glass by recycled or biosourced plastic containers reduces environmental impacts for bottled beverages. The thesis developed a 3D computational and optimization framework to accelerate the prototyping of eco-efficient packaging for alcoholic beverages. Shelf-life, food safety, mechanical constraints, and packaging wastes are considered into a single multicriteria optimization problem. New bottles are virtually generated within an iterative three steps process involving: i) a multiresolution [E]valuation of coupled mass transfer; ii) a [D]ecision step validating technical (shape, capacity, weight) and regulatory (shelf-life, migrations) constraints; iii) a global [Solving] step seeking acceptable Pareto solutions. The capacity to predict shelf-life of liquors in real conditions was tested successfully on ca. 500 hundred bottle min iatures in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) over several months. The entire approach has been designed to manage any coupled mass transfer (permeation, sorption, migration). Mutual sorption is considered via polynary Flory-Huggins formulation. A blob formulation of the free-volume theory of Vrentas and Duda was developed to predict the diffusion properties in glassy polymers of water and organic solutes in arbitrary polymers (polyesters, polyamides, polyvinyls, polyolefins). The validation set included 433 experimental diffusivities from literature and measured in this work. The contribution of polymer relaxation in glassy PET was analyzed in binary and ternary differential sorption using a cosorption microbalance from 25 to 50°C. Part of the framework will be released as an open-source project to encourage the integration of more factors affecting the shelf-life of beverages and food products (oxidation kinetics, aroma scalping)
Sartor, Guillaume. "Recherches sur les fédérés et l'armée romaine (de la fin du IIe siècle après J.-C. au début du VIIe siècle après J.-C)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH162.
Full textThe federates (foederati, symmachoi, auxiliares) were soldiers recruited among barbarian groups (gentes) – settled inside or outside the Empire – who committed by treaties (foedus/foedera ; spondê/spondai) to provide the Emperor with warriors serving on their owns.The study tries to show that the Empire attempted to control this phenomenon by including the foederati to the imperial military system in accordance with military needs and specific tactics.The will of control from the imperial state is also measured by the integration of the foederati into the imperial logistical system during military operations (food supplies, payment, and maintenance).One can wonder if the imperial state didn’t create the foederati as a tool allowing to manage – in a different way – the military, human, and financial resources required to the defense of the Empire.To that purpose, the imperial ideology seems to have set up a speech to justify and legitimate the employment by the Empire of these gentes foederatae (enspondoi, hypospondoi) with strategic goals/aims, in agreement with the challenges the Empire was confronted by from the end of the 3rd century to the beginning of the 7th (century)