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Journal articles on the topic 'Aliphatic acids'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

Uttry, Alexander, and Manuel van Gemmeren. "Direct C(sp3)–H Activation of Carboxylic Acids." Synthesis 52, no. 04 (2019): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690720.

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Carboxylic acids are important in a variety of research fields and applications. As a result, substantial efforts have been directed towards the C–H functionalization of such compounds. While the use of the carboxylic acid moiety as a native directing group for C(sp2)–H functionalization reactions is well established, as yet there is no general solution for the C(sp3)–H activation of aliphatic carboxylic acids and most endeavors have instead relied on the introduction of stronger directing groups. Recently however, novel ligands, tools, and strategies have emerged, which enable the use of free aliphatic carboxylic acids in C–H-activation-based transformations.1 Introduction2 Challenges in the C(sp3)–H Bond Activation of Carboxylic Acids3 The Lactonization of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids4 The Directing Group Approach5 The Direct C–H Arylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids6 The Direct C–H Olefination of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids7 The Direct C–H Acetoxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids8 Summary

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2

van Gemmeren, Manuel, та Alexander Uttry. "The Direct Pd-Catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H Activation of Carboxylic Acids". Synlett 29, № 15 (2018): 1937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610150.

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The carboxylic acid moiety is one of the most versatile and abundant functional groups. However, despite of tremendous progress in the field of C–H functionalization reactions its use as a directing group for C(sp3)–H activation has remained limited. In this Synpact article we present the challenges associated with the carboxylic acid moiety as a native directing group and report on the newest developments in this field, including our recent study in which we developed a generally applicable protocol for the direct palladium catalyzed β-C(sp3)–H arylation of propionic acid and related α-branched aliphatic acids giving access to hydrocinnamic acids derivatives in a highly straightforward manner.1 Introduction2 Challenges in the C(sp3)–H Bond Activation of Carboxylic Acids3 History/State of the Art4 Studies towards a General β-C(sp3)–H Functionalization of Aliphatic Acids5 Conclusion

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3

Woolfson, Kathlyn N., Mina Esfandiari, and Mark A. Bernards. "Suberin Biosynthesis, Assembly, and Regulation." Plants 11, no. 4 (2022): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11040555.

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Suberin is a specialized cell wall modifying polymer comprising both phenolic-derived and fatty acid-derived monomers, which is deposited in below-ground dermal tissues (epidermis, endodermis, periderm) and above-ground periderm (i.e., bark). Suberized cells are largely impermeable to water and provide a critical protective layer preventing water loss and pathogen infection. The deposition of suberin is part of the skin maturation process of important tuber crops such as potato and can affect storage longevity. Historically, the term “suberin” has been used to describe a polyester of largely aliphatic monomers (fatty acids, ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dioic acids, 1-alkanols), hydroxycinnamic acids, and glycerol. However, exhaustive alkaline hydrolysis, which removes esterified aliphatics and phenolics from suberized tissue, reveals a core poly(phenolic) macromolecule, the depolymerization of which yields phenolics not found in the aliphatic polyester. Time course analysis of suberin deposition, at both the transcriptional and metabolite levels, supports a temporal regulation of suberin deposition, with phenolics being polymerized into a poly(phenolic) domain in advance of the bulk of the poly(aliphatics) that characterize suberized cells. In the present review, we summarize the literature describing suberin monomer biosynthesis and speculate on aspects of suberin assembly. In addition, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how suberization may be regulated, including at the phytohormone, transcription factor, and protein scaffold levels.

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4

Kukhar', Valerii P., and Vadim A. Soloshonok. "Aliphatic fluorine-containing amino acids." Russian Chemical Reviews 60, no. 8 (1991): 850–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1991v060n08abeh001115.

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5

Grützmann, Konrad, Sebastian Böcker, and Stefan Schuster. "Combinatorics of aliphatic amino acids." Naturwissenschaften 98, no. 1 (2010): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-010-0743-2.

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6

Wang, Yukang, Yan Yao, and Niankai Fu. "Electrophotochemical metal-catalyzed synthesis of alkylnitriles from simple aliphatic carboxylic acids." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 20 (July 3, 2024): 1497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.133.

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We report a practical and sustainable electrophotochemical metal-catalyzed protocol for decarboxylative cyanation of simple aliphatic carboxylic acids. This environmentally friendly method features easy availability of substrates, broad functional group compatibility, and directly converts a diverse range of aliphatic carboxylic acids including primary and tertiary alkyl acids into synthetically versatile alkylnitriles without using chemical oxidants or costly cyanating reagents under mild reaction conditions.

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7

Feng, Z., R. Alén, and K. Niemelä. "Formation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids during Soda-AQ Pulping of Kenaf Bark." Holzforschung 56, no. 4 (2002): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2002.061.

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Summary The formation of aliphatic carboxylic acids during soda-AQ pulping of kenaf bark was studied. In addition to formic and acetic acids, a variety of hydroxy monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids were monitored. The results showed that the formation of hydroxy acids and formic acid significantly depend, in contrast to acetic acid, on the cooking conditions employed. Detailed gas chromatographic studies revealed that the most abundant hydroxy carboxylic acids were glucoisosaccharinic, lactic, glycolic, 3-deoxypentonic, 2-hydroxybutanoic, xyloisosaccharinic, 3,4-dideoxypentonic, 2-hydroxyglutaric, and glucoisosaccharinaric acids. The total amount of aliphatic carboxylic acids corresponded to 12–16% of o.d. kenaf bark.

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8

Rittich, Bohuslav, Marta Pirochtová, Jiří Hřib, Kamila Jurtíková, and Petr Doležal. "The Antifungal Activity of Some Aliphatic and Aromatic Acids." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 5 (1992): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921134.

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The present paper deals with the relationship between biological activities of some aliphatic and aromatic acids and their physico-chemical parameters expressing the influence of hydrophobic factors. The test strain in the biotest of growth inhibition was the fungus Fusarium moniliforme CCMF-180 and Penicillium expansum CCMF-576. Significant relationship between antifungal activities of un-ionized form of aliphatic acids and their capacity factors (log k'0) extrapolated to pure water, partition coefficients determined in 1-octanol-water system (log Poct) and the first order of molecular connectivity indices (1χ) were calculated. The ionized form of aliphatic acids were antifungally active too. For benzoic acids significant relationships between antifungal activities and capacity factors of anionic form (log k'ia) were calculated.

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9

Willems, J. "The Aliphatic Hydroxysulphonic Acids and Their Internal Esters: The Sultones I. The Aliphatic Hydroxysulphonic Acids." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 64, no. 7-8 (2010): 409–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19550640710.

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10

Lenzen, S., W. Schmidt, I. Rustenbeck, and U. Panten. "3-Ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria regulates insulin secretory action of amino acids and 2-keto acids." Bioscience Reports 6, no. 2 (1986): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01115002.

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The various neutral amino acids and aliphatic 2-keto acids exhibit differential effects on insulin secretion. The common denominator for all these effects is the 2-ketoglutarate generation in the pancreatic B-cell mitochondria. The neutral amino acids l-leucine and l-norvaline and the aliphatic ketomonocarboxylic acids 2-ketoisocaproate, 2-ketocaproate, 2-ketovalerate, and 2-keto-3-methylvalerate all stimulate insulin secretion and increase 2-ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria through activation of glutamate dehydrogenase and transamination with l-glutamate and l-glutamine, respectively. The neutral amino acids l-valine, l-norleucine, and l-alanine and the aliphatic 2-keto acids 2-ketoisovalerate and pyruvate do not stimulate insulin secretion and do not increase 2-ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria. Inhibition of 2-keto acid induced insulin secretion by l-valine and l-isoleucine is accompanied by reduced 2-ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cell mitochondria. Thus intramitochondrial 2-ketoglutarate generation in pancreatic B-cells may regulate the insulin secretory potency of amino acids and 2-keto acids.

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11

Shelly, Kevin P., S. Venimadhavan, K. Nagarajan, and Ross Stewart. "General acid catalysis in the enolization of acetone." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 8 (1989): 1274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-194.

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We have used iodometry to study the enolization of acetone in water catalyzed by a series of general acids, comprised of hydrochloric acid, methanesulfonic acid, 24 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, nine aromatic monocarboxylic acids, eight aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and 20 monoanions of dicarboxylic acids. The log k–pK profile for unbuffered solutions of strong and moderately strong acids shows a maximum near pk ≈ 0. The Brønsted α value for a set of eight aliphatic monocarboxylic acids in which effects of bulk, charge, and polarizability are at a minimum is 0.56. Steric effects, probably augmented by polarizability effects in some cases, cause positive deviations from the Brønsted line drawn with respect to these standard acids. Anionic carboxylic acids are also more reactive than would be predicted from their equilibrium acid strengths, whereas cationic acids tend to be less reactive. Using D2O as solvent has only a small effect on the rate of carboxylic acid catalysis. Using acetone-d6 gives values of kH/kD in the range of 7.0–8.0 at 25 °C, values consistent with proton or deuteron being transferred between two bases of comparable strength, the carboxylate anion and the enol form of acetone. Keywords: general acid catalysis, enolization, Brønsted relation, steric effects, deuterium isotope effects.

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12

Kautzky, Jacob A., Tao Wang, Ryan W. Evans, and David W. C. MacMillan. "Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids." Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 21 (2018): 6522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b02650.

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13

Ravikumar, Krishnan, Balasubramanian Sridhar, Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu, Venkatasubramanian Hariharakrishnan, and Bandi Venugopal Rao. "Frovatriptan salts of aliphatic carboxylic acids." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, no. 4 (2013): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113005878.

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The interaction of the antimigraine pharmaceutical agent frovatriptan with acetic acid and succinic acid yields the salts (±)-6-carbamoyl-N-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-3-aminium acetate, C14H18N3O+·C2H3O2−, (I), (R)-(+)-6-carbamoyl-N-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-3-aminium 3-carboxypropanoate monohydrate, C14H18N3O+·C4H5O4−·H2O, (II), and bis[(R)-(+)-6-carbamoyl-N-methyl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-3-aminium] succinate trihydrate, 2C14H18N3O+·C4H4O42−·3H2O, (III). The methylazaniumyl substitutent is oriented differently in all three structures. Additionally, the amide group in (I) is in a different orientation. All the salts form three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures. In (I), the cations form head-to-head hydrogen-bonded amide–amide catemers through N—H...O interactions, while in (II) and (III) the cations form head-to-head amide–amide dimers. The cation catemers in (I) are extended into a three-dimensional network through further interactions with acetate anion acceptors. The presence of succinate anions and water molecules in (II) and (III) primarily governs the three-dimensional network through water-bridged cation–anion associationsviaO—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The structures reported here shed some light on the possible mode of noncovalent interactions in the aggregation and interaction patterns of drug molecule adducts.

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14

Hänninen, K. I. "Aliphatic structures in peat fulvic acids." Science of The Total Environment 62 (January 1987): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(87)90501-8.

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15

Senaweera, Sameera, Kaitie C. Cartwright, and Jon A. Tunge. "Decarboxylative Acetoxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids." Journal of Organic Chemistry 84, no. 19 (2019): 12553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b02092.

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16

Dutka, V. S., V. V. Zagorskaya, and Yu V. Dutka. "Catalytic decomposition of aliphatic peroxy acids." Kinetics and Catalysis 51, no. 3 (2010): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0023158410030067.

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17

Dutka, V. S., V. V. Zagorskaya, Yu V. Dutka, and O. I. Savitskaya. "Thermal decomposition of aliphatic peroxy acids." Kinetics and Catalysis 52, no. 3 (2011): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0023158411020054.

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18

Khurgin, Yu I., A. A. Baranov, and M. M. Vorob'ev. "Hydrophobic hydration of aliphatic amino acids." Russian Chemical Bulletin 43, no. 11 (1994): 1920–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00696329.

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19

Ma, Zhanhu, Yongan Liu, Xiaoyu Ma, et al. "Aliphatic sulfonyl fluoride synthesis via reductive decarboxylative fluorosulfonylation of aliphatic carboxylic acid NHPI esters." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 9, no. 4 (2022): 1115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo01655e.

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A general and efficient approach to various aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides by the reductive decarboxylative fluorosulfonylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids via a radical sulfur dioxide insertion and fluorination strategy was developed.

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20

Bao, Hongli, Yajun Li, Liang Ge, and Munira Muhammad. "Recent Progress on Radical Decarboxylative Alkylation for Csp3–C Bond Formation." Synthesis 49, no. 24 (2017): 5263–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590935.

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Radical decarboxylation has emerged as an attractive method for the formation of C–C bonds starting from easily accessible carboxylic acids. In this review, we attempt to bring the readers up to date in this rapidly expanding field. Specifically, we will cover recent advances in Csp3–C bond formation via the radical decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids and their activated forms, such as N-hydroxyphthalimide esters (NHP esters), alkyl diacyl peroxides, alkyl peresters, and aryliodine(III) dicarboxylates. The scope and limitation of these transformations will be discussed, highlighting gaps in knowledge and research and examining the mechanisms underlying radical decarboxylation. We aim to make this review a stepping stone for further development in this field.1 Introduction2 Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids3 N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters (NHP Esters)4 Alkyl Diacyl Peroxides5 Alkyl Peresters6 Aryliodine(III) Dicarboxylates7 Conclusion

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21

N, M. ISMAIL. "Potentiometric Studies on Ternary Metal Complexes of some Aliphatic Acids and Amino Acids." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 74, May 1997 (1997): 396–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5882552.

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Chemistry Department. Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Sohag, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 16 October 1995, accepted 15 February 1996</em> Potentiometric Studies on Ternary Metal Complexes of some Aliphatic Acids and Amino Acids

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22

Vranova, Valerie, Klement Rejsek, and Pavel Formanek. "Aliphatic, Cyclic, and Aromatic Organic Acids, Vitamins, and Carbohydrates in Soil: A Review." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/524239.

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Organic acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates represent important organic compounds in soil. Aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic organic acids play important roles in rhizosphere ecology, pedogenesis, food-web interactions, and decontamination of sites polluted by heavy metals and organic pollutants. Carbohydrates in soils can be used to estimate changes of soil organic matter due to management practices, whereas vitamins may play an important role in soil biological and biochemical processes. The aim of this work is to review current knowledge on aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic organic acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates in soil and to identify directions for future research. Assessments of organic acids (aliphatic, cyclic, and aromatic) and carbohydrates, including their behaviour, have been reported in many works. However, knowledge on the occurrence and behaviour of D-enantiomers of organic acids, which may be abundant in soil, is currently lacking. Also, identification of the impact and mechanisms of environmental factors, such as soil water content, on carbohydrate status within soil organic matter remains to be determined. Finally, the occurrence of vitamins in soil and their role in biological and biochemical soil processes represent an important direction for future research.

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23

Miao, Rui, Yanping Xia, Yifei Wei, Lu Ouyang, and Renshi Luo. "Ru-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to Aliphatic Aldehydes via P-Chiral Monophosphorous Ligands." Molecules 27, no. 12 (2022): 3898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123898.

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Chiral alcohols are among the most widely applied in fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Herein, the Ru-monophosphine catalyst formed in situ was found to promote an enantioselective addition of aliphatic aldehydes with arylboronic acids, delivering the chiral alcohols in excellent yields and enantioselectivities and exhibiting a broad scope of aliphatic aldehydes and arylboronic acids. The enantioselectivities are highly dependent on the monophosphorous ligands. The utility of this asymmetric synthetic method was showcased by a large-scale transformation.

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24

Lotfi, Samira, Daria C. Boffito, and Gregory S. Patience. "Gas–solid conversion of lignin to carboxylic acids." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 4 (2016): 397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6re00053c.

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25

Wakchaure, Vijay N., William DeSnoo, Croix J. Laconsay, et al. "Catalytic asymmetric cationic shifts of aliphatic hydrocarbons." Nature 625, no. 7994 (2024): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06826-7.

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AbstractAsymmetric catalysis is an advanced area of chemical synthesis, but the handling of abundantly available, purely aliphatic hydrocarbons has proven to be challenging. Typically, heteroatoms or aromatic substructures are required in the substrates and reagents to facilitate an efficient interaction with the chiral catalyst. Confined acids have recently been introduced as tools for homogenous asymmetric catalysis, specifically to enable the processing of small unbiased substrates1. However, asymmetric reactions in which both substrate and product are purely aliphatic hydrocarbons have not previously been catalysed by such super strong and confined acids. We describe here an imidodiphosphorimidate-catalysed asymmetric Wagner–Meerwein shift of aliphatic alkenyl cycloalkanes to cycloalkenes with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity. Despite their long history and high relevance for chemical synthesis and biosynthesis, Wagner–Meerwein reactions utilizing purely aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as those originally reported by Wagner and Meerwein, had previously eluded asymmetric catalysis.

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26

Vladu, Mariana-Gratiela, Gabriela Savoiu, Ramona Daniela Pavaloiu, Fawzia Sha'at, Maria Spiridon, and Mihaela Carmen Eremia. "Microbial Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Structural Correlated Substrates." Proceedings 29, no. 1 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019029055.

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27

Bhakuni, D. S. "Prebiotic organic chemistry and the origin of life." Journal of Palaeosciences 41 (December 31, 1992): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1992.1100.

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Prebiotic synthesis of organic compounds such as amino, hydroxyl and aliphatic acids, urea, imidazoles and synthesis of amino acids, co-enzymes, nucleosides under primitive earth conditions have been reviewed.

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28

KOBAYASHI, Masaharu, Yoshiaki MIHO, Naoyuki SHIBASAKI, and Kotaro OGURA. "Electrochemical Oxidative Decomposition of Aliphatic Amino Acids." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 6 (1998): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1998.442.

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29

Cabaniss, S. E., J. A. Leenheer, and I. F. McVey. "Aqueous infrared carboxylate absorbances: aliphatic di-acids." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 54, no. 3 (1998): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-1425(97)00258-8.

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30

Wei, Dian, Tu-Ming Liu, Bo Zhou, and Bing Han. "Decarboxylative Borylation of mCPBA-Activated Aliphatic Acids." Organic Letters 22, no. 1 (2019): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04218.

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31

KUKHAR', V. P., and V. A. SOLOSHONOK. "ChemInform Abstract: Aliphatic Amino Acids Containing Fluorine." ChemInform 23, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199202346.

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32

Verkade, P. E., and J. Coops. "Refractivity of normal saturated monobasic aliphatic acids." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 47, no. 1 (2010): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19280470108.

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Verkade, P. E., and J. Coops. "Refractivity of normal saturated monobasic aliphatic acids." Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 47, no. 5 (2010): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19280470509.

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34

Christoffers, Jens, and Mathias S. Wickleder. "Synthesis of Aromatic and Aliphatic Di-, Tri-, and Tetrasulfonic Acids." Synlett 31, no. 10 (2020): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691745.

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Oligosulfonic acids are promising linker compounds for coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks, however, compared to their carboxylic acid congeners, often not readily accessible by established synthetic routes. This Account highlights the synthesis of recently developed aromatic and aliphatic di-, tri- and tetrasulfonic acids. While multiple electrophilic sulfonations of aromatic substrates are rather limited, the nucleophilic aromatic substitution including an intramolecular variant, the Newman–Kwart rearrangement, allows the flexible introduction of up to four sulfur-containing moieties at an aromatic ring. Sulfonic acids are then accessed by oxidation of thiols, thioethers, or thioesters either directly with hydrogen peroxide or in two steps with chlorine (generated in situ from N-chlorosuccinimide/hydrochloric acid) to furnish sulfochlorides which are subsequently hydrolyzed. In the aliphatic series, secondary alcohols as starting materials are converted into thioethers, thioesters, or thiocarbonates by nucleophilic substitutions, which are also subsequently oxidized to furnish sulfonic acids.1 Introduction2 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution3 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution3.1 Intermolecular SNAr3.2 Intermolecular with Subsequent Oxidation3.3 Intramolecular with Subsequent Oxidation4 Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution with Subsequent Oxidation5 Oxidation5.1 Oxidation of Thiocarbonates5.2 Oxidation of Thioethers5.3 Oxidation of Thioesters6 Thermolysis of Neopentylsulfonates7 Functionalization via Diazonium Ions8 Conclusion

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35

Malaisse, W. J., A. V. Greco, and G. Mingrone. "Effects of aliphatic dioic acids and glycerol-1,2,3-tris(dodecanedioate) on D-glucose-stimulated insulin release in rat pancreatic islets." British Journal of Nutrition 84, no. 5 (2000): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500002099.

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Aliphatic dioic acids have been proposed as alternative nutrients in selected clinical situations. In this study, their possible insulinotropic action was investigated in isolated rat pancreatic islets prepared from fed rats. Azelaic acid, sebacic acid and tridecanedioic acids, when tested at a 10·0 mM CONCENTRATION, WERE FOUND TO AUGMENT INSULIN RELEASE EVOKED BY d-glucose (7·0 mm) in the pancreatic islets. Likewise, glycerol-1,2,3-tris(dodecanoedioate), when used at concentrations close to 1·0 mm, increased the secretory response to the hexose. It is speculated that these findings may extend to insulin-producing cells, the knowledge that aliphatic dioic acids or their esters may act as energy substrates, e.g. in parenteral nutrition.

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36

Mironowicz, Agnieszka, Krystyna Kukułczanka, and Antoni Siewiński. "Substrate specific hydrolysis of aromatic and aromatic-aliphatic esters in orchid tissue cultures." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 62, no. 1-2 (2014): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1993.004.

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We found that tissue cultures of higher plants were able, similarly as microorganisms, to transform low-molecular-weight chemical compounds. In tissue cultures of orchids (<i>Cymbidium</i> 'Saint Pierre' and <i>Dendrobium phalaenopsis</i>) acetates of phenols and aromatic-aliphatic alcohols were hydrolyzed, whereas methyl esters of aromatic and aromatic-aliphatic acids did not undergo this reaction. Acetates of racemic aromatic-aliphatic alcohols were hydrolyzed with distinct enantiospecificity.

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37

Shyamaprosad, Goswami, Ghosh Kumaresh та Ghosh Samaresh. "Influence of π-stacking along with hydrogen bonding interactions in the recognition of monocarboxylic acids". Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 80, Dec 2003 (2003): 1187–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5839955.

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Department of Chemistry, Bengal Engineering College, Botanic Garden, Howrah-711 103, India E-mail: spgoswamical@hotmail.com  Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741 235, India Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, India <em>Manuscript received 3 December 2003</em> The new receptors 1 and 2 have been designed and synthesized where phenyl and naphthalene rings have been introduced in place of aliphatic chain in receptor 3 to achieve the π-stacking interactions. These receptors show higher association constants with aromatic over aliphatic carboxylic acids compared to receptor 3 which preferably recognizes long chain aliphatic acid.

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38

Zanna, Nicola, Andrea Merlettini, and Claudia Tomasini. "Self-healing hydrogels triggered by amino acids." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 12 (2016): 1699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qo00476h.

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Nine amino acids with different chemical properties have been chosen to promote the formation of hydrogels based on the bolamphiphilic gelator A: three basic amino acids (arginine, histidine and lysine), one acidic amino acid (aspartic acid), two neutral aliphatic amino acids (alanine and serine) and three neutral aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan).

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Qin, Jinyi, Rui Zhang, Ruiwen Yang, et al. "Sludge char-to-fuel approaches based on the hydrothermal fueling IV: fermentation." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 4 (2021): 880–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.281.

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Abstract Sewage sludge was subjected to hydrothermal fueling (HTF) (330 °C for 40 min), obtaining hydrochar at 13.5 MJ kg−1. The higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content. The results showed that although the higher heating value (HHV) of the raw sludge was related to its fatty acid content, with the intensification of HTF, the increase in aliphatic/cyclic amino acids determined the production of HHV in the hydrochar. In order to increase the content of fatty acids and amino acids, the sludge was fermented. However, the Bacteroidetes consumed the organic matter too early, which was detrimental to the production of HHV. Therefore, appropriate sludge fermentation is recommended to restrict excessive Bacteroidetes proliferation, decompose lipids to saturated fatty acids, and convert proteins to aliphatic/cyclic amino acids to increase the efficiency of converting sludge to fuel.

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Kageyama, Yoshiyuki, Tomonori Ikegami, Natsuko Hiramatsu, Sadamu Takeda, and Tadashi Sugawara. "Structure and growth behavior of centimeter-sized helical oleate assemblies formed with assistance of medium-length carboxylic acids." Soft Matter 11, no. 18 (2015): 3550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm00370a.

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Das, Jayabrata, Pravas Dolui, Wajid Ali та ін. "A direct route to six and seven membered lactones via γ-C(sp3)–H activation: a simple protocol to build molecular complexity". Chemical Science 11, № 35 (2020): 9697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc03144e.

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Buzin, Pavel, Mohammed Lahcini, Johann Schellenberg, Gert Schwarz, and Hans R. Kricheldorf. "Aliphatic Polyesters by Bismuth Triflate-Catalyzed Polycondensations of Dicarboxylic Acids and Aliphatic Diols." Macromolecules 43, no. 15 (2010): 6511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma1013463.

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Buzin, Pavel, Mohammed Lahcini, Gert Schwarz, and Hans R. Kricheldorf. "Aliphatic Polyesters by Bismuth Triflate-Catalyzed Polycondensations of Dicarboxylic Acids and Aliphatic Diols." Macromolecules 41, no. 22 (2008): 8491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma8017662.

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Li, Zheng, Jin-Lan Yu, Jing-Ya Yang, Sheng-Yi Shi, and Xi-Cun Wang. "Polymer-supported Dichlorophosphate: A Recoverable New Reagent for Synthesis of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles." Journal of Chemical Research 2005, no. 5 (2005): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/0308234054323913.

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Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) supported dichlorophosphate was efficiently used as a recoverable new dehydration reagent for rapid synthesis of 2-amino-5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles under microwave irradiation and solvent-free condition by reactions of thiosemicarbazide with aliphatic acids, benzoic acid, aryloxyacetic acids or furan-2-carboxylic acids.

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45

Chortyk, O. T., I. E. Yates, and C. C. Reilly. "Changes in Cuticular Compounds of Developing Pecan Leaves." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 2 (1995): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.2.329.

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Leaf surface compounds of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] were analyzed with regard to developmental stage and to susceptibility to infection by Cladosporium caryigenum (Ell. et Lang. Gottwald). Immature and mature leaves of two resistant (`Elliott' and `Sumner') and two susceptible (`Wichita' and `Schley') cultivars were extracted with methylene chloride. Extracts were separated by silicic acid chromatography into polar and nonpolar fractions. Constituents of each fraction were subsequently separated by gas chromatography and were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Leaf surface constituents characterized included long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic wax esters, triterpenoid constituents, aliphatic alcohols, fatty acids, and diacyl glycerides. The predominant surface compounds on immature leaves were lipids such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and glycerides. On mature leaves, lipids declined and aliphatic hydrocarbons and triterpenoids became predominant leaf surface constituents. The changes were observed for all cultivars, regardless of genotypic response to C. caryigenum. Thus, we conclude that cuticular chemicals change dramatically during leaf maturation but do not correlate with resistance to scab disease common to certain pecan cultivars.

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Carvalho, Claudemir de, Wesley Henrique Cabral Fernandes, Thays Barreto Freitas Mouttinho, Daniela Martins de Souza, Maria Cristina Marcucci, and Paulo Henrique Perlatti D’Alpino. "Evidence-Based Studies and Perspectives of the Use of Brazilian Green and Red Propolis in Dentistry." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 03 (2019): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700598.

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AbstractThis review analyzes the evidence and perspectives of dental use of the green and red propolis produced in Brazil by Apis mellifera L. Multiple applications of propolis were found considering its antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and healing properties. Its therapeutic effects are mainly due to the presence of alcohols, aldehydes, aliphatic acids, aliphatic esters, amino acids, aromatic acids, aromatic esters, flavonoids, hydrocarbyl esters, ethers, fatty acids, ketones, terpenes, steroids, and sugars. Propolis has been mainly used in dentistry in the composition of dentifrices and mouthwashes. Studies have also demonstrated promising use against dentin hypersensitivity, root canal treatment, Candida albicans, and other microorganisms. Overall review of the literature presented here demonstrated that both Brazilian green and red propolis are effective for the problems of multiple etiologies that affect the oral cavity in different dental specialties.

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Naquvi, K. J., S. H. Ansari, M. Ali, and A. K. Najmi. "VARIATION IN VOLATILE AROMA CONSTITUENTS OF CULINARY HERBS." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 05 (2014): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.05.p0021.

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Culinary herbs are the edible plants consumed in small quantities to provide aroma and flavour and which have various health benefits. Hydro-distilled volatile oils of two culinary herbs, Apium graveolens L. (Celery) and Trachysperum ammi L. (Ajwain) belonging to family Apiaceae, were analyzed using GC and GC-MS. There were thirty three monoterpenes (37.62%), forty two sesquiterpenes (59.77%) and very less amount of aliphatic (1.87%), aromatic (0.69%) and diterpenes found in A. graveolens while only eight monoterpenes (58.67%), twenty one sesquiterpenes (31.32 %) and fourteen aliphatic components (8.94%) consisting of seven aliphatic hydrocarbons (2.05%), four fatty acids (0.62%), two aliphatic fatty acid esters (1.66%) and one aliphatic aldehyde (4.61%) and two diterpenes (0.85%) were found in volatile oil of T. Ammi.

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Kamble, Vidya Viswas, and Nikhil Babruvan Gaikwad. "FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES IN EMBELIA RIBES BURM. F.: A VULNERABLE MEDICINAL PLANT." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 9 (2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s3.13804.

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ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to identify the functional group present in the crude powder and various solvent extracts of Embelia ribesBurm. f. stem, leaves, and berries through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Methods: Different plant parts of E. ribes were collected shade dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol, ethanol, and petroleum ether. Theseextracts were used to detect the characteristic peak values and their functional groups using FTIR method on a OMNI sampler attenuated totalreflectance accessory on a JASCO FTIR spectrophotometer (FTIR‐4600).Results: The crude powder of E. ribes leaves, stem, and berries FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of amino acids, amide, alkanes, carboxylicacids, alcohols, esters, ethers, aromatics, aliphatic amines, phenols, aldehyde, ketones, fluorides, halogen, alkyl halides, and nitro compound. The drymethanolic and ethanolic extracts of E. ribes leaves, stem, and berries FTIR analysis results proved the presence of alcohols, p-substituted alcoholsor phenols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, alkenes, aldehyde, ester, ether, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, aromatics, ketones, disulphide, alkyl halides,halogen, and nitro compounds, whereas dry petroleum ether extract shown the presence of amide, alkanes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, p-substitutedalcohols or phenols, esters, aromatics, aldehyde, ketones, aryl disulphide, aliphatic amines, aliphatic compound, alkyl halides, and nitro compounds,respectively.Conclusion: The results of the present study produced the FTIR spectrum profile for the vulnerable medicinally important plant E. ribes Burm. f.Keywords: Embelia ribes Burm. f., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Functional groups.

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Abramovic, Biljana F., Borislav K. Abramovic, Ferenc F. Gaál, and Danilo M. Obradovtc. "Expert System for Catalytic Titrimetry—Part 2: Determination of Monobasic Carboxylic Acids." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 5 (1998): 1077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.5.1077.

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Abstract An expert system (ES) to solve the problem of choosing a catalytic titrimetric procedure for determining monobasic carboxylic acids is described. Carboxylic acids were divided into 3 groups—aliphatic, aromatic, and α-aminocarboxylic acids— based on their behavior in catalytic titrations with different indicator reactions, titrant, and/or solvent and the possibility of their selective determination in the presence of other acids

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Jovanovic, Uros, Mirjana Markovic, Djuro Cokesa, Nikola Zivkovic, and Svjetlana Radmanovic. "Self-aggregation of soil humic acids with respect to their structural characteristics." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc211125010j.

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The main goal of this work was to estimate the influence of carboxyl and phenolic groups, as well as aromatic, aliphatic and polysaccharide compo-nents, on the soil humic acids (HA) self-aggregation process. Soil HAs (lepto-sol and regosol) were separated using base resin getting fractions with different functional group contents. Blocking of carboxyl groups was performed using the esterification procedure to estimate the participation of each functional group in the HA aggregation. The presence of HA structural components was evaluated by potentiometric titration and ATR-FTIR. The aggregation was monitored at pH 3 using dynamic light scattering. Results indicated that the higher group content, the HA aggregation is less pronounced. A significant positive correlation of aliphatic C and aggregate size revealed their dominant influence in the HA self-aggregation. A lower abundance of aliphatic C in HA fractions could be considered as not sufficient to start the process. An increase of aromatic C in esters likely pointed out to its participation in hydrophobic bonding and, consequently, more pronounced aggregation. The relation of HA self-aggregate size with carboxyl and phenolic group, as well as aliphatic C, at low pH, could be considered universal regardless of the structural character-istics of the original or modified HA forms.

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