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Journal articles on the topic 'Aliphatic compounds – Metabolism'
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1
Soong, Chee-Leong, Jun Ogawa, and Sakayu Shimizu. "A Novel Amidase (Half-Amidase) for Half-Amide Hydrolysis Involved in the Bacterial Metabolism of Cyclic Imides." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 1947–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.1947-1952.2000.
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ABSTRACT A novel amidase involved in bacterial cyclic imide metabolism was purified from Blastobacter sp. strain A17p-4. The enzyme physiologically functions in the second step of cyclic imide degradation, i.e., the hydrolysis of monoamidated dicarboxylates (half-amides) to dicarboxylates and ammonia. Enzyme production was enhanced by cyclic imides such as succinimide and glutarimide but not by amide compounds which are conventional substrates and inducers of known amidases. The purified amidase showed high catalytic efficiency toward half-amides such as succinamic acid (Km = 6.2 mM; k cat = 5.76 s−1) and glutaramic acid (Km = 2.8 mM;k cat = 2.23 s−1). However, the substrates of known amidases such as short-chain (C2 to C4) aliphatic amides, long-chain (above C16) aliphatic amides, amino acid amides, aliphatic diamides, α-keto acid amides, N-carbamoyl amino acids, and aliphatic ureides were not substrates for the enzyme. Based on its high specificity toward half-amides, the enzyme was named half-amidase. This half-amidase exists as a monomer with an M r of 48,000 and was strongly inhibited by heavy metal ions and sulfhydryl reagents.
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Valdes, Francisco, Nelson Brown, Alejandro Morales-Bayuelo, Luis Prent-Peñaloza, and Margarita Gutierrez. "Adenosine Derivates as Antioxidant Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, in Vitro Activity, and Theoretical Insights." Antioxidants 8, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100468.
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In this work, we present results about the synthesis and the antioxidant properties of seven adenosine derivatives. Four of these compounds were synthesized by substituting the N6-position of adenosine with aliphatic amines, and three were obtained by modification of the ribose ring. All compounds were obtained in pure form using column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). All adenosine derivatives were further evaluated in vitro as free radical scavengers. Our results show that compounds 1c, 3, and 5 display a potent antioxidant effect compared with the reference compound ascorbic acid. In addition, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) calculations show favorable pharmacokinetic parameters for the set of compounds analyzed, which guarantees their suitability as potential antioxidant drugs. Furthermore, theoretical analyses using Molecular Quantum Similarity and reactivity indices were performed in order to discriminate the different reactive sites involved in oxidative processes.
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Kahnert, Antje, Paul Vermeij, Claudia Wietek, Peter James, Thomas Leisinger, and Michael A. Kertesz. "The ssu Locus Plays a Key Role in Organosulfur Metabolism in Pseudomonas putidaS-313." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 10 (May 15, 2000): 2869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.10.2869-2878.2000.
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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida S-313 can utilize a broad range of aromatic sulfonates as sulfur sources for growth in sulfate-free minimal medium. The sulfonates are cleaved monooxygenolytically to yield the corresponding phenols. miniTn5 mutants of strain S-313 which were no longer able to desulfurize arylsulfonates were isolated and were found to carry transposon insertions in the ssuEADCBF operon, which contained genes for an ATP-binding cassette-type transporter (ssuABC), a two-component reduced flavin mononucleotide-dependent monooxygenase (ssuED) closely related to the Escherichia coli alkanesulfonatase, and a protein related to clostridial molybdopterin-binding proteins (ssuF). These mutants were also deficient in growth with a variety of other organosulfur sources, including aromatic and aliphatic sulfate esters, methionine, and aliphatic sulfonates other than the natural sulfonates taurine and cysteate. This pleiotropic phenotype was complemented by the ssu operon, confirming its key role in organosulfur metabolism in this species. Further complementation analysis revealed that the ssuF gene product was required for growth with all of the tested substrates except methionine and that the oxygenase encoded byssuD was required for growth with sulfonates or methionine. The flavin reductase SsuE was not required for growth with aliphatic sulfonates or methionine but was needed for growth with arylsulfonates, suggesting that an alternative isozyme exists for the former compounds that is not active in transformation of the latter substrates. Aryl sulfate ester utilization was catalyzed by an arylsulfotransferase, and not by an arylsulfatase as in the related species Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Kliebenstein, Daniel J., Jonathan Gershenzon, and Thomas Mitchell-Olds. "Comparative Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Aliphatic, Indolic and Benzylic Glucosinolate Production in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves and Seeds." Genetics 159, no. 1 (September 1, 2001): 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.1.359.
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Abstract Secondary metabolites are a diverse set of plant compounds believed to have numerous functions in plant-environment interactions. Despite this importance, little is known about the regulation of secondary metabolite accumulation. We are studying the regulation of glucosinolates, a large group of secondary metabolites, in Arabidopsis to investigate how secondary metabolism is controlled. We utilized Ler and Cvi, two ecotypes of Arabidopsis that have striking differences in both the types and amounts of glucosinolates that accumulate in the seeds and leaves. QTL analysis identified six loci determining total aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation, six loci controlling total indolic glucosinolate concentration, and three loci regulating benzylic glucosinolate levels. Our results show that two of the loci controlling total aliphatic glucosinolates map to biosynthetic loci that interact epistatically to regulate aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation. In addition to the six loci regulating total indolic glucosinolate concentration, mapping of QTL for the individual indolic glucosinolates identified five additional loci that were specific to subsets of the indolic glucosinolates. These data show that there are a large number of variable loci controlling glucosinolate accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Kitainda, Vivian, and Joseph M. Jez. "Structural Studies of Aliphatic Glucosinolate Chain-Elongation Enzymes." Antioxidants 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091500.
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Plants evolved specialized metabolic pathways through gene duplication and functional divergence of enzymes involved in primary metabolism. The results of this process are varied pathways that produce an array of natural products useful to both plants and humans. In plants, glucosinolates are a diverse class of natural products. Glucosinolate function stems from their hydrolysis products, which are responsible for the strong flavors of Brassicales plants, such as mustard, and serve as plant defense molecules by repelling insects, fighting fungal infections, and discouraging herbivory. Additionally, certain hydrolysis products such as isothiocyanates can potentially serve as cancer prevention agents in humans. The breadth of glucosinolate function is a result of its great structural diversity, which comes from the use of aliphatic, aromatic and indole amino acids as precursors and elongation of some side chains by up to nine carbons, which, after the formation of the core glucosinolate structure, can undergo further chemical modifications. Aliphatic methionine-derived glucosinolates are the most abundant form of these compounds. Although both elongation and chemical modification of amino acid side chains are important for aliphatic glucosinolate diversity, its elongation process has not been well described at the molecular level. Here, we summarize new insights on the iterative chain-elongation enzymes methylthioalkylmalate synthase (MAMS) and isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH).
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Yang, Mingxing, Zhendong Cao, Yue Zhang, and Honghan Wu. "Deciphering the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons using FTIR spectroscopy: application to a contaminated site." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 7 (October 1, 2019): 1315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.375.
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Abstract The chemical composition of groundwater in a petroleum-contaminated site is determined by the present functional groups and these play a vital role in a feasibility remediation technique. Based on the in situ investigation of a contaminated shallow groundwater in an oilfield, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy associated with chemometric treatments, principal component analysis (PCA), and simple-to-use interactive self-modeling mixture analysis (SIMPLISMA), were used to decipher the biodegradation process by analyzing the conversion of functional groups. Environmental factors that can influence microbial metabolism were also evaluated for a comprehensive explanation. FTIR spectroscopy and PCA results showed that the contamination in the study area can be divided into three parts based on FTIR spectra: (1) regular contamination plume distribution and biodegradation level to fresh oil, (2) moderate biodegradation area, and (3) intensive biodegradation area. FTIR spectra further revealed the present functional groups as aliphatic, aromatic, and polar family compounds. SIMPLISMA was used to discuss the degree of biodegradation along the flow path quantitatively and qualitatively and elucidated that the aliphatic and aromatic compounds were mainly metabolized into polar compounds with nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen via microbes. During metabolism, microbial indices, such as the Shannon–Weaver, Simpson, and Pielou indices, indicated that microbial diversity did not greatly change; hence, hydrocarbons were constantly consumed to feed dominant microbes. Dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased from 4.58 ± 0.31 mg/L (in monitoring well Z1) to 3.21 ± 0.26 mg/L (in monitoring well Z16) and then became constant in the down-gradient area, demonstrating that aerobic biodegradation was the dominant process at the up-gradient plume. Results were in accordance with the oxidation index, which continuously increased from 0.028 ± 0.013 (in monitoring well Z1) to 0.669 ± 0.047 (in monitoring well Z10), showing that oxygen was consumed along the flow path. Similarly, concentration changes in Fe2+, Mn2+, and SO42− proved that the down-gradient area was in reduction condition.
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Baranitharan, Mathalaimuthu, Barbara Sawicka, and Jayapal Gokulakrishnan. "Phytochemical Profiling and Larval Control of Erythrina variegata Methanol Fraction against Malarial and Filarial Vector." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2019 (April 16, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2641959.
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Erythrina variegata (E. variegata) bioactive chemical has been the potential to be utilized as a good, eco-friendly approach for the control of mosquito population. In the present investigation, methanol extract using insecticidal compounds isolated against mosquito larvae kill assay was carried out. Secondary metabolism was characterized by thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectral, and identification of compound. Mosquito immature third instar larval, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus have been exposed to different concentrations of 50-250 µg/ml. Totally, larvae were death rate 98.2% (significant value 0.001b) from methanol extract and it is significant toxicity against larvae of An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50/LC99 values were 157.69/339.55 µg/ml and 137.67/297.33 µg/ml, respectively. FT-IR analysis in the functional groups such as alcohol, amines, amides, alkenes, 1⁎ amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, 1⁎,2⁎ amines, and alkyl halides searched the identity of secondary metabolites, which may act as 12-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester compound and clearly indicates being phytochemical. Chemical constituents of twenty-five compounds were identified in the methanol extract. The major components were 12-Octadecenoic acid and methyl ester (37.31%). Compound molecules consist of carbon 19 atoms (gray), hydrogen 36 atoms (greenish blue), and oxygen 2 atoms (red), indicated by the different colors. The results were obtained suggesting that, in addition to their pharmaceutical and medicine sources, 12-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester compound can also serve as a natural mosquito control.
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Peters, Franziska, Michael Rother, and Matthias Boll. "Selenocysteine-Containing Proteins in Anaerobic Benzoate Metabolism of Desulfococcus multivorans." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): 2156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.7.2156-2163.2004.
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ABSTRACT The sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfococcus multivorans uses various aromatic compounds as sources of cell carbon and energy. In this work, we studied the initial steps in the aromatic metabolism of this strictly anaerobic model organism. An ATP-dependent benzoate coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (AMP plus PPi forming) composed of a single 59-kDa subunit was purified from extracts of cells grown on benzoate. Specific activity was highest with benzoate and some benzoate derivatives, whereas aliphatic carboxylic acids were virtually unconverted. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed high similarities with benzoate CoA ligases from Thauera aromatica and Azoarcus evansii. When cultivated on benzoate, cells strictly required selenium and molybdenum, whereas growth on nonaromatic compounds, such as cyclohexanecarboxylate or lactate, did not depend on the presence of the two trace elements. The growth rate on benzoate was half maximal with 1 nM selenite present in the growth medium. In molybdenum- and/or selenium-depleted cultures, growth on benzoate could be induced by addition of the missing trace elements. In extracts of cells grown on benzoate in the presence of [75Se]selenite, three radioactively labeled proteins with molecular masses of ∼100, 30, and 27 kDa were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The 100- and 30-kDa selenoproteins were 5- to 10-fold induced in cells grown on benzoate compared to cells grown on lactate. These results suggest that the dearomatization process in D. multivorans is not catalyzed by the ATP-dependent Fe-S enzyme benzoyl-CoA reductase as in facultative anaerobes but rather involves unknown molybdenum- and selenocysteine-containing proteins.
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Lasch, Constanze, Nils Gummerlich, Maksym Myronovskyi, Anja Palusczak, Josef Zapp, and Andriy Luzhetskyy. "Loseolamycins: A Group of New Bioactive Alkylresorcinols Produced after Heterologous Expression of a Type III PKS from Micromonospora endolithica." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 4594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204594.
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Natural products are a valuable source of biologically active compounds with potential applications in medicine and agriculture. Unprecedented scaffold diversity of natural products and biocatalysts from their biosynthetic pathways are of fundamental importance. Heterologous expression and refactoring of natural product biosynthetic pathways are generally regarded as a promising approach to discover new secondary metabolites of microbial origin. Here, we present the identification of a new group of alkylresorcinols after transcriptional activation and heterologous expression of the type III polyketide synthase of Micromonospora endolithica. The most abundant compounds loseolamycins A1 and A2 have been purified and their structures were elucidated by NMR. Loseolamycins contain an unusual branched hydroxylated aliphatic chain which is provided by the host metabolism and is incorporated as a starter fatty acid unit. The isolated loseolamycins show activity against gram-positive bacteria and inhibit the growth of the monocot weed Agrostis stolonifera in a germination assay. The biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of loseolamycins is proposed in this paper.
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CROSAS, Bernat, David J. HYNDMAN, Oriol GALLEGO, Sílvia MARTRAS, Xavier PARÉS, T. Geoffrey FLYNN, and Jaume FARRÉS. "Human aldose reductase and human small intestine aldose reductase are efficient retinal reductases: consequences for retinoid metabolism." Biochemical Journal 373, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021818.
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Aldo–keto reductases (AKRs) are NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyse the reduction of a variety of carbonyl compounds, such as carbohydrates, aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and steroids. We have studied the retinal reductase activity of human aldose reductase (AR), human small-intestine (HSI) AR and pig aldehyde reductase. Human AR and HSI AR were very efficient in the reduction of all-trans-, 9-cis- and 13-cis-retinal (kcat/Km=1100–10300 mM−1·min−1), constituting the first cytosolic NADP(H)-dependent retinal reductases described in humans. Aldehyde reductase showed no activity with these retinal isomers. Glucose was a poor inhibitor (Ki=80 mM) of retinal reductase activity of human AR, whereas tolrestat, a classical AKR inhibitor used pharmacologically to treat diabetes, inhibited retinal reduction by human AR and HSI AR. All-trans-retinoic acid failed to inhibit both enzymes. In this paper we present the AKRs as an emergent superfamily of retinal-active enzymes, putatively involved in the regulation of retinoid biological activity through the assimilation of retinoids from β-carotene and the control of retinal bioavailability.
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Morikawa-Ichinose, Tomomi, Sun-Ju Kim, Alaa Allahham, Ryota Kawaguchi, and Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita. "Glucosinolate Distribution in the Aerial Parts of sel1-10, a Disruption Mutant of the Sulfate Transporter SULTR1;2, in Mature Arabidopsis thaliana Plants." Plants 8, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8040095.
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Plants take up sulfur (S), an essential element for all organisms, as sulfate, which is mainly attributed to the function of SULTR1;2 in Arabidopsis. A disruption mutant of SULTR1;2, sel1-10, has been characterized with phenotypes similar to plants grown under sulfur deficiency (−S). Although the effects of −S on S metabolism were well investigated in seedlings, no studies have been performed on mature Arabidopsis plants. To study further the effects of −S on S metabolism, we analyzed the accumulation and distribution of S-containing compounds in different parts of mature sel1-10 and of the wild-type (WT) plants grown under long-day conditions. While the levels of sulfate, cysteine, and glutathione were almost similar between sel1-10 and WT, levels of glucosinolates (GSLs) differed between them depending on the parts of the plant. GSLs levels in the leaves and stems were generally lower in sel1-10 than those in WT. However, sel1-10 seeds maintained similar levels of aliphatic GSLs to those in WT plants. GSL accumulation in reproductive tissues is likely to be prioritized even when sulfate supply is limited in sel1-10 for its role in S storage and plant defense.
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McKenzie, Marian, Adam Matich, Donald Hunter, Azadeh Esfandiari, Stephen Trolove, Ronan Chen, and Ross Lill. "Selenium Application During Radish (Raphanus sativus) Plant Development Alters Glucosinolate Metabolic Gene Expression and Results in the Production of 4-(methylseleno)but-3-enyl glucosinolate." Plants 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8100427.
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Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health, entering the diet mainly through the consumption of plant material. Members of the Brassicaceae are Se-accumulators that can accumulate up to 1g Se kg−1 dry weight (DW) from the environment without apparent ill effect. The Brassicaceae also produce glucosinolates (GSLs), sulfur (S)-rich compounds that benefit human health. Radish (Raphanus sativus) has a unique GSL profile and is a Se-accumulating species that is part of the human diet as sprouts, greens and roots. In this report we describe the effects of Se-fertilisation on GSL production in radish during five stages of early development (from seed to mature salad greens) and on the transcript abundance of eight genes encoding enzymes involved in GSL metabolism. We tentatively identified (by tandem mass spectrometry) the selenium-containing glucosinolate, 4-(methylseleno)but-3-enyl glucosinolate, with the double bond geometry not resolved. Two related isothiocyanates were tentatively identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry as (E/Z?) isomers of 4-(methylseleno)but-3-enyl isothiocyanate. Se fertilisation of mature radish led to the presence of selenoglucosinolates in the seed. While GSL concentration generally reduced during radish development, GSL content was generally not affected by Se fertilisation, aside from the indole GSL, indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate, which increased on Se treatment, and the Se-GSLs, which significantly increased during development. The transcript abundance of genes involved in aliphatic GSL biosynthesis declined with Se treatment while that of genes involved in indole GSL biosynthesis tended to increase. APS kinase transcript abundance increased significantly in three of the four developmental stages following Se treatment. The remaining genes investigated were not significantly changed following Se treatment. We hypothesise that increased APS kinase expression in response to Se treatment is part of a general protection mechanism controlling the uptake of S and the production of S-containing compounds such as GSLs. The upregulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in indole GSL biosynthesis and a decrease in those involved in aliphatic GSL biosynthesis may be part of a similar mechanism protecting the plant’s GSL complement whilst limiting the amount of Se-GSLs produced.
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Morandini, P., J. Offer, D. Traynor, O. Nayler, D. Neuhaus, G. W. Taylor, and R. R. Kay. "The proximal pathway of metabolism of the chlorinated signal molecule differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium." Biochemical Journal 306, no. 3 (March 15, 1995): 735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3060735.
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Stalk cell differentiation during development of the slime mould Dictyostelium is induced by a chlorinated alkyl phenone called differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1). Inactivation of DIF-1 is likely to be a key element in the DIF-1 signalling system, and we have shown previously that this is accomplished by a dedicated metabolic pathway involving up to 12 unidentified metabolites. We report here the structure of the first four metabolites produced from DIF-1, as deduced by m.s., n.m.r. and chemical synthesis. The structures of these compounds show that the first step in metabolism is a dechlorination of the phenolic ring, producing DIF metabolite 1 (DM1). DM1 is identical with the previously known minor DIF activity, DIF-3. DIF-3 is then metabolized by three successive oxidations of its aliphatic side chain: a hydroxylation at omega-2 to produce DM2, oxidation of the hydroxy group to a ketone group to produce DM3 and a further hydroxylation at omega-1 to produce DM4, a hydroxyketone of DIF-3. We have investigated the enzymology of DIF-1 metabolism. It is already known that the first step, to produce DIF-3, is catalysed by a novel dechlorinase. The enzyme activity responsible for the first side-chain oxidation (DIF-3 hydroxylase) was detected by incubating [3H]DIF-3 with cell-free extracts and resolving the reaction products by t.l.c. DIF-3 hydroxylase has many of the properties of a cytochrome P-450. It is membrane-bound and uses NADPH as co-substrate. It is also inhibited by CO, the classic cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, and by several other cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, as well as by diphenyliodonium chloride, an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 reductase. DIF-3 hydroxylase is highly specific for DIF-3: other closely related compounds do not compete for the activity at 100-fold molar excess, with the exception of the DIF-3 analogue lacking the chlorine atom. The Km for DIF-3 of 47 nM is consistent with this enzyme being responsible for DIF-3 metabolism in vivo. The two further oxidations necessary to produce DM4 are also performed in vitro by similar enzyme activities. One of the inhibitors of DIF-3 hydroxylase, ancymidol (IC50 67 nM) is likely to be particularly suitable for probing the function of DIF metabolism during development.
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Mikolasch, Annett, Ramza Berzhanova, Anel Omirbekova, Anne Reinhard, Daniele Zühlke, Mareike Meister, Togzhan Mukasheva, Katharina Riedel, Tim Urich, and Frieder Schauer. "Moniliella spathulata, an oil-degrading yeast, which promotes growth of barley in oil-polluted soil." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 401–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-11011-1.
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Abstract The yeast strain Moniliella spathulata SBUG-Y 2180 was isolated from oil-contaminated soil at the Tengiz oil field in the Atyrau region of Kazakhstan on the basis of its unique ability to use crude oil and its components as the sole carbon and energy source. This yeast used a large number of hydrocarbons as substrates (more than 150), including n-alkanes with chain lengths ranging from C10 to C32, monomethyl- and monoethyl-substituted alkanes (C9–C23), and n-alkylcyclo alkanes with alkyl chain lengths from 3 to 24 carbon atoms as well as substituted monoaromatic and diaromatic hydrocarbons. Metabolism of this huge range of hydrocarbon substrates produced a very large number of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic acids. Fifty-one of these were identified by GC/MS analyses. This is the first report of the degradation and formation of such a large number of compounds by a yeast. Inoculation of barley seeds with M. spathulata SBUG-Y 2180 had a positive effect on shoot and root development of plants grown in oil-contaminated sand, pointing toward potential applications of the yeast in bioremediation of polluted soils. Key points • Moniliella spathulata an oil-degrading yeast • Increase of the growth of barley
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Dejanovic, Gordana M., Eralda Asllanaj, Magda Gamba, Peter Francis Raguindin, Oche Adam Itodo, Beatrice Minder, Weston Bussler, et al. "Phytochemical characterization of turnip greens (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa): A systematic review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): e0247032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247032.
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Objective The Turnip (Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa) is a leaf and root vegetable grown and consumed worldwide. The consumption of Turnip has been associated with beneficial effects on human health due to their phytochemicals that may control a variety of physiological functions, including antioxidant activity, enzyme regulation, and apoptotic control and the cell cycle. The current systematic review of the literature aims to evaluate both the profile and quantity of phytochemicals commonly found in Turnip greens and to provide perspectives for further investigation. Methods This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Four bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web-of-Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched to identify published studies until April 8th, 2020 (date last searched) without data and language restriction. Studies were included if they used samples of Turnip greens (the leaves), and evaluated its phytochemical content. Two reviewers independently evaluated the titles and abstracts according to the selection criteria. For each potentially eligible study, two reviewers assessed the full-texts and independently extracted the data using a predesigned data extraction form. Results Based on the search strategy 5,077 potentially relevant citations were identified and full texts of 37 studies were evaluated, among which 18 studies were eligible to be included in the current review. The majority of included studies were focused on identification of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (n = 14, 82%), four studies focused on organic acids, and five studies reported phenolic component profile in Turnip greens. Among included studies nine studies (50%) provided information on phytochemical’s content. We found 129 phytochemicals (19 glucosinolates, 33 glucosinolate-breakdown products, 10 organic acids and 59 polyphenolic compounds) reported in Turnip greens. Flavonoids were mainly present as quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin derivatives; while aliphatic forms were the predominant glucosinolate (gluconapin was the most common across five studies, followed by glucobrassicanapin). In general, the phytochemical content varied among the leaves, tops and Turnip roots. Conclusions Emerging evidence suggests the Turnip as a substantial source of diverse bioactive compounds. However, detailed investigation on the pure compounds derived from Turnip green, their bioavailability, transport and metabolism after consumption is further needed. Additional studies on their biological activity are crucial to develop dietary recommendations on the effective dosage and dietary recommendation of Turnip greens for nutrition and health.
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Elsakhawy, Tamer, Muneera D. F. ALKahtani, Ali A. H. Sharshar, Kotb A. Attia, Yaser M. Hafez, and Khaled A. A. Abdelaal. "Efficacy of Mushroom Metabolites (Pleurotus ostreatus) as A Natural Product for the Suppression of Broomrape Growth (Orobanche crenata Forsk) in Faba Bean Plants." Plants 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101265.
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Broomrape parasitism on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the most destructive factor for this crop in Egypt. Pot experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 to study the mitigation of broomrape stress on faba bean using a ten-fold dilution of 10% (w/v) spent mushroom substrate extract (SMSE) of Pleurotus ostreatus and the same dilution of culture filtrate of mushroom (MCF) grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) at a rate of 48 l hectare−1 compared with the commercial herbicide Roundup (Glyphosate 48% emulsifiable concentrate) at a rate of 144 cm3 ha−1 on the two varieties (Misr3 and Sakha3) cultivated in broomrape-infested soil. The treatments include the use of mushroom products as foliar spray and/or soil amendment in addition to Roundup spraying as a recommended treatment. Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) spectroscopy, our results indicate that the major components of the two mushroom products were bioactive compounds such as polyphenol and high molecular weight aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons that may interfere with parasite and host metabolism. These results indicated that SMSE of P. ostreatus and MCF of the same mushroom grown in potato dextrose broth (PDB) gave the best control of broomrape, and increased plant height, root length, leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, relative water content and seed yield (g plant−1), as well as anatomical characters of leaves in the two faba bean varieties (Misr3 and Sakha3), such as upper and lower epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue and vascular bundles. Additionally, electrolyte leakage was decreased in the treated plants compared to control plants and the plants treated with Roundup (glyphosate) because of the important role of SMSE and MCF in the improvement of faba bean water status.
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Montgomery, J. A., M. Jetté, S. Huot, and C. Des Rosiers. "Acyloin production from aldehydes in the perfused rat heart: the potential role of pyruvate dehydrogenase." Biochemical Journal 294, no. 3 (September 15, 1993): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2940727.
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Aldehydes represent an important class of cytotoxic products derived from free radical-induced lipid peroxidation which may contribute to reperfusion injury following myocardial infarct. Metabolism of aldehydes in the heart has not been well characterized aside from conjugation of unsaturated aldehydes with glutathione. However, aliphatic aldehydes like hexanal do not form stable glutathione conjugates. We have recently demonstrated in vitro that pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyses a reaction between pyruvate and saturated aldehydes to produce acyloins (3-hydroxyalkan-2-ones). In the present study, rat hearts were perfused with various aldehydes and pyruvate. Acyloins were generated from saturated aldehydes (butanal, hexanal or nonanal), but not from 2-hexanal (an unsaturated aldehyde) or malondialdehyde. Hearts perfused with 2 mM pyruvate and 10-100 microM hexanal rapidly took up hexanal in a dose-related manner (140-850 nmol/min), and released 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one (0.7-30 nmol/min), 2,3-octanediol (0-12 nmol/min) and hexanol (10-200 nmol/min). Small quantities of hexanoic acid (about 10 nmol/min) were also released. The rate of release of acyloin metabolites rose with increased concentration of hexanal, whereas hexanol release attained a plateau when hexanal infusion concentrations rose above 50 microM. Up to 50% of hexanal uptake could be accounted for by metabolite release. Less than 0.5% of hexanal uptake was found to be bound to acid-precipitable macromolecules. When hearts perfused with 50 microM hexanal and 2 mM pyruvate were subjected to a 15 min ischaemic period, the rates of release of 2,3-octanediol, 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one, hexanol and hexanoate during the reperfusion period were not significantly different from those in the pre-ischaemic period. Our results indicate that saturated aldehydes can be metabolically converted by the heart into stable diffusible compounds.
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Eom, Jun Sik, Shin Ja Lee, Hyun Sang Kim, You Young Choi, Sang Ho Kim, Yoo Gyung Lee, and Sung Sill Lee. "Metabolomics Comparison of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) Biofluids Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy." Metabolites 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10080333.
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The aim of this study was to identify the metabolomic profiles of rumen fluid, serum, and urine from Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae), using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. In all, 189, 110, and 188 metabolites were identified in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, and 107, 49, and 99 were quantified, respectively. Organic acids, carbohydrates, and aliphatic acyclic compound metabolites were present at the highest concentrations in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively. In addition, acetate, glucose, and urea were the most highly concentrated individual metabolites in rumen fluid, serum, and urine, respectively. In all, 77 metabolites were commonly identified, and 19 were quantified across three biofluids. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the common quantified metabolites could provide relevant information about three main metabolic pathways, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; caffeine metabolism; and histidine metabolism. These results can be useful as reference values for future metabolomic research on Hanwoo biofluids in Korea.
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Fournier, Diane, Sandra Trott, Jalal Hawari, and Jim Spain. "Metabolism of the Aliphatic Nitramine 4-Nitro-2,4-Diazabutanal by Methylobacterium sp. Strain JS178." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (August 2005): 4199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4199-4202.2005.
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ABSTRACT The aliphatic nitramine 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (NDAB; C2H5N3O3) is a ring cleavage metabolite that accumulates during the aerobic degradation of the energetic compound hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by various Rhodococcus spp. NDAB is also produced during the alkaline hydrolysis of either RDX or octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and during the photolysis of RDX. Traces of NDAB were observed in a soil sampled from an ammunition-manufacturing facility contaminated with both HMX and RDX, suggesting natural attenuation. In this study, we report the isolation of a soil bacterium that is able to degrade NDAB under aerobic conditions. The isolate is a pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph affiliated with the genus Methylobacterium. The strain, named Methylobacterium sp. strain JS178, degrades NDAB as a sole nitrogen source, with concomitant growth and formation of 1 molar equivalent of nitrous oxide (N2O). Comparison of the growth yield of strain JS178 grown on NDAB, nitrite (NO2 −), or ammonium (NH4 +) as a nitrogen source revealed that 1 N equivalent is assimilated from each mole of NDAB, which completes the nitrogen mass balance. In radiotracer experiments, strain JS178 mineralized 1 C of the [14C]NDAB produced in situ from [14C]RDX by Rhodococcus sp. strain DN22. Studies on the regulation of NDAB degradation indicated that allantoin, an intermediate in the purine catabolic pathway and a central molecule in the storage and transport of nitrogen in plants, up-regulated the enzyme(s) involved in the degradation of the nitramine. The results reveal the potential for the sequential participation of rhodococci and methylobacteria to effect the complete degradation of RDX.
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Anand, Sathanandam S., Jerry L. Campbell, and Jeffrey W. Fisher. "In Vitro Rat Hepatic Metabolism of n-Alkanes: Nonane, Decane, and Tetradecane." International Journal of Toxicology 26, no. 4 (July 2007): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810701490075.
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Jet propellant 8 (JP-8) jet fuel is a complex mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro metabolic rate constants for semivolatile n-alkanes, nonane (C9), decane (C10), and tetradecane (C14), by rat liver microsomal oxidation. The metabolism was assessed by measuring the disappearance of parent compound by gas chromatography. Various concentrations of n-alkanes were incubated with liver microsomes from adult male F-344 rats. Nonlinear kinetic constants for nonane and decane were Vmax (nmol/mg protein/min) = 7.26 ± 0.20 and 2.80 ± 0.35, respectively, and KM ( μM) = 294.83 ± 68.67 and 398.70 ± 42.70, respectively. Metabolic capacity as assessed by intrinsic clearance ( Vmax/ KM) was ~four-fold higher for nonane (0.03 ± 0.005) than for decane (0.007 ± 0.001). There was no appreciable metabolism of tetradecane even with higher microsomal protein concentration and longer incubation time. These results show a negative correlation between metabolic clearance and chain length of n-alkanes. These metabolic rate constants will be used to update existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for nonane and decane as part of developing a PBPK model for JP-8.
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Downing, T. W., D. L. Garner, S. A. Ericsson, and D. Redelman. "Metabolic toxicity of fluorescent stains on thawed cryopreserved bovine sperm cells." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 39, no. 4 (April 1991): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/39.4.1900872.
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Several fluorescent probes, including derivatives of carboxyfluorescein, carbocyanine, ethidium, and rhodamine, have been used to assess sperm viability. However, the effects of these fluorescent dyes on the metabolic activity of sperm cells have not been systematically examined. This study was conducted to determine the effect of specific fluorescent stains on the metabolic processes of sperm. Cryopreserved bovine sperm cells were thawed, fluorescently stained, and examined using metabolic and flow cytometric techniques. Sperm were stained with either rhodamine 123 (Rhod-123), the aliphatic cell-tracking compound PKH2-GL, dihydro-ethidium (HED), the bisbenzimide stain Hoechst 33342 (Ho33342), or left unstained. The stained samples were compared for metabolic activity, cell staining pattern, and fluorescent intensity over a 180-min period. Samples stained with HED, Ho33342, and PKH2-GL had less oxygen uptake when compared with the unstained sperm samples (p greater than 0.05). Unstained samples and samples stained with Rhod-123 had similar oxygen consumption. The carbon dioxide produced during the 180 min was not different between controls and stained samples. Therefore, some fluorescent probes inhibit the oxygen metabolism of thawed, cryopreserved bovine sperm cells.
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Schnaars, Vanessa, Lars Wöhlbrand, Sabine Scheve, Christina Hinrichs, Richard Reinhardt, and Ralf Rabus. "Proteogenomic Insights into the Physiology of Marine, Sulfate-Reducing, Filamentous Desulfonema limicola and Desulfonema magnum." Microbial Physiology 31, no. 1 (2021): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000513383.
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The genus Desulfonema belongs to the deltaproteobacterial family Desulfobacteraceae and comprises marine, sulfate-reducing bacteria that form filaments and move by gliding. This study reports on the complete, manually annotated genomes of Dn. limicola 5ac10T (6.91 Mbp; 6,207 CDS) and Dn. magnum 4be13T (8.03 Mbp; 9,970 CDS), integrated with substrate-specific proteome profiles (8 vs. 11). The richness in mobile genetic elements is shared with other Desulfobacteraceae members, corroborating horizontal gene transfer as major driver in shaping the genomes of this family. The catabolic networks of Dn. limicola and Dn. magnum have the following general characteristics: 98 versus 145 genes assigned (having genomic shares of 1.7 vs. 2.2%), 92.5 versus 89.7% proteomic coverage, and scattered gene clusters for substrate degradation and energy metabolism. The Dn. magnum typifying capacity for aromatic compound degradation (e.g., p-cresol, 3-phenylpropionate) requires 48 genes organized in operon-like structures (87.7% proteomic coverage; no homologs in Dn. limicola). The protein complements for aliphatic compound degradation, central pathways, and energy metabolism are highly similar between both genomes and were identified to a large extent (69–96%). The differential protein profiles revealed a high degree of substrate-specificity for peripheral reaction sequences (forming central intermediates), agreeing with the high number of sensory/regulatory proteins predicted for both strains. By contrast, central pathways and modules of the energy metabolism were constitutively formed under the tested substrate conditions. In accord with their natural habitats that are subject to fluctuating changes of physicochemical parameters, both Desulfonema strains are well equipped to cope with various stress conditions. Next to superoxide dismutase and catalase also desulfoferredoxin and rubredoxin oxidoreductase are formed to counter exposure to molecular oxygen. A variety of proteases and chaperones were detected that function in maintaining cellular homeostasis upon heat or cold shock. Furthermore, glycine betaine/proline betaine transport systems can respond to hyperosmotic stress. Gliding movement probably relies on twitching motility via type-IV pili or adventurous motility. Taken together, this proteogenomic study demonstrates the adaptability of Dn. limicola and Dn. magnum to its dynamic habitats by means of flexible catabolism and extensive stress response capacities.
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Bury-Moné, Stéphanie, Stéphane Skouloubris, Catherine Dauga, Jean-Michel Thiberge, Daiva Dailidiene, Douglas E. Berg, Agnès Labigne, and Hilde De Reuse. "Presence of Active Aliphatic Amidases in Helicobacter Species Able To Colonize the Stomach." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 10 (October 2003): 5613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.10.5613-5622.2003.
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ABSTRACT Ammonia production is of great importance for the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori as a nitrogen source, as a compound protecting against gastric acidity, and as a cytotoxic molecule. In addition to urease, H. pylori possesses two aliphatic amidases responsible for ammonia production: AmiE, a classical amidase, and AmiF, a new type of formamidase. Both enzymes are part of a regulatory network consisting of nitrogen metabolism enzymes, including urease and arginase. We examined the role of the H. pylori amidases in vivo by testing the gastric colonization of mice with H. pylori SS1 strains carrying mutations in amiE and/or amiF and in coinfection experiments with wild-type and double mutant strains. A new cassette conferring resistance to gentamicin was used in addition to the kanamycin cassette to construct the double mutation in strain SS1. Our data indicate that the amidases are not essential for colonization of mice. The search for amiE and amiF genes in 53 H. pylori strains from different geographic origins indicated the presence of both genes in all these genomes. We tested for the presence of the amiE and amiF genes and for amidase and formamidase activities in eleven Helicobacter species. Among the gastric species, H. acinonychis possessed both amiE and amiF, H. felis carried only amiF, and H. mustelae was devoid of amidases. H. muridarum, which can colonize both mouse intestine and stomach, was the only enterohepatic species to contain amiE. Phylogenetic trees based upon the sequences of H. pylori amiE and amiF genes and their respective homologs from other organisms as well as the amidase gene distribution among Helicobacter species are strongly suggestive of amidase acquisition by horizontal gene transfer. Since amidases are found only in Helicobacter species able to colonize the stomach, their acquisition might be related to selective pressure in this particular gastric environment.
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Ramabulana, Anza-Tshilidzi, Paul Steenkamp, Ntakadzeni Madala, and Ian A. Dubery. "Profiling of Chlorogenic Acids from Bidens pilosa and Differentiation of Closely Related Positional Isomers with the Aid of UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-Based In-Source Collision-Induced Dissociation." Metabolites 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10050178.
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Bidens pilosa is an edible herb from the Asteraceae family which is traditionally consumed as a leafy vegetable. B. pilosa has many bioactivities owing to its diverse phytochemicals, which include aliphatics, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives and other phenylpropanoids. The later include compounds such as chlorogenic acids (CGAs), which are produced as either regio- or geometrical isomers. To profile the CGA composition of B. pilosa, methanol extracts from tissues, callus and cell suspensions were utilized for liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). An optimized in-source collision-induced dissociation (ISCID) method capable of discriminating between closely related HCA derivatives of quinic acids, based on MS-based fragmentation patterns, was applied. Careful control of collision energies resulted in fragment patterns similar to MS2 and MS3 fragmentation, obtainable by a typical ion trap MSn approach. For the first time, an ISCID approach was shown to efficiently discriminate between positional isomers of chlorogenic acids containing two different cinnamoyl moieties, such as a mixed di-ester of feruloyl-caffeoylquinic acid (m/z 529) and coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acid (m/z 499). The results indicate that tissues and cell cultures of B. pilosa contained a combined total of 30 mono-, di-, and tri-substituted chlorogenic acids with positional isomers dominating the composition thereof. In addition, the tartaric acid esters, caftaric- and chicoric acids were also identified. Profiling revealed that these HCA derivatives were differentially distributed across tissues types and cell culture lines derived from leaf and stem explants.
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Li, Jiajing, Yan Meng, Xiaolin Wu, and Yuxin Sun. "Polyamines and related signaling pathways in cancer." Cancer Cell International 20, no. 1 (November 5, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01545-9.
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Abstract Polyamines are aliphatic compounds with more than two amino groups that play various important roles in human cells. In cancer, polyamine metabolism dysfunction often occurs, and regulatory mechanisms of polyamine. This review summarizes the existing research on the metabolism and transport of polyamines to study the association of oncogenes and related signaling pathways with polyamines in tumor cells. Drugs that regulate enzymes have been developed for cancer treatment, and in the future, more attention should be paid to treatment strategies that simultaneously modulate polyamine metabolism and carcinogenic signaling pathways. In addition, the polyamine pathway is a potential target for cancer chemoprevention. As an irreversible suicide inhibitor of the ornithine decarboxylase (a vital enzyme of polyamine synthesis), Difluoro-methylornithine had been shown to have the chemoprevention effect on cancer. Therefore, we summarized and analyzed the chemoprophylaxis effect of the difluoromethylornithine in this systematic review.
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Marsh, William S., Brenden W. Heise, Mark J. Krzmarzick, Robert W. Murdoch, and Babu Z. Fathepure. "Isolation and characterization of a halophilic Modicisalibacter sp. strain Wilcox from produced water." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86196-0.
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AbstractWe report the isolation a halophilic bacterium that degrades both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons as the sole sources of carbon at high salinity from produced water. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA-gene sequences shows the isolate is a close relative of Modicisalibacter tunisiensis isolated from an oil-field water in Tunisia. We designate our isolate as Modicisalibacter sp. strain Wilcox. Genome analysis of strain Wilcox revealed the presence of a repertoire of genes involved in the metabolism of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Laboratory culture studies corroborated the predicted hydrocarbon degradation potential. The strain degraded benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes at salinities ranging from 0.016 to 4.0 M NaCl, with optimal degradation at 1 M NaCl. Also, the strain degraded phenol, benzoate, biphenyl and phenylacetate as the sole sources of carbon at 2.5 M NaCl. Among aliphatic compounds, the strain degraded n-decane and n-hexadecane as the sole sources of carbon at 2.5 M NaCl. Genome analysis also predicted the presence of many heavy metal resistance genes including genes for metal efflux pumps, transport proteins, and enzymatic detoxification. Overall, due to its ability to degrade many hydrocarbons and withstand high salt and heavy metals, strain Wilcox may prove useful for remediation of produced waters.
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Rehberg, Nidja, Edwin Omeje, Sherif S. Ebada, Lasse van Geelen, Zhen Liu, Parichat Sureechatchayan, Matthias U. Kassack, Thomas R. Ioerger, Peter Proksch, and Rainer Kalscheuer. "3-O-Methyl-Alkylgallates Inhibit Fatty Acid Desaturation inMycobacterium tuberculosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63, no. 9 (June 17, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00136-19.
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ABSTRACTIn the quest for new antibacterial lead structures, activity screening againstMycobacterium tuberculosisidentified antitubercular effects of gallic acid derivatives isolated from the Nigerian mistletoeLoranthus micranthus. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that 3-O-methyl-alkylgallates comprising aliphatic ester chains with four to eight carbon atoms showed the strongest growth inhibitionin vitroagainstM. tuberculosis, with a MIC of 6.25 μM. Furthermore, the most active compounds (3-O-methyl-butyl-, 3-O-methyl-hexylgallate, and 3-O-methyl-octylgallate) were devoid of cytotoxicity against various human cell lines. Furthermore, 3-O-methyl-butylgallate showed favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) criteria, with aPappof 6.2 × 10−6 cm/s, and it did not inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp), CYP1A2, CYP2B6 or CYP3A4. Whole-genome sequencing of spontaneous resistant mutants indicated that the compounds target the stearoyl-coenzyme A (stearoyl-CoA) delta-9 desaturase DesA3 and thereby inhibit oleic acid synthesis. Supplementation assays demonstrated that oleic acid addition to the culture medium antagonizes the inhibitory properties of gallic acid derivatives and that sodium salts of saturated palmitic and stearic acid did not show compensatory effects. The moderate bactericidal effect of 3-O-methyl-butylgallate in monotreatment was synergistically enhanced in combination treatment with isoniazid, leading to sterilization in liquid culture.
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Hubalek, Valerie, Moritz Buck, BoonFei Tan, Julia Foght, Annelie Wendeberg, David Berry, Stefan Bertilsson, and Alexander Eiler. "Vitamin and Amino Acid Auxotrophy in Anaerobic Consortia Operating under Methanogenic Conditions." mSystems 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00038-17.
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ABSTRACT Microbial interactions between Archaea and Bacteria mediate many important chemical transformations in the biosphere from degrading abundant polymers to synthesis of toxic compounds. Two of the most pressing issues in microbial interactions are how consortia are established and how we can modulate these microbial communities to express desirable functions. Here, we propose that public goods (i.e., metabolites of high energy demand in biosynthesis) facilitate energy conservation for life under energy-limited conditions and determine the assembly and function of the consortia. Our report suggests that an understanding of public good dynamics could result in new ways to improve microbial pollutant degradation in anaerobic systems. Syntrophy among Archaea and Bacteria facilitates the anaerobic degradation of organic compounds to CH4 and CO2. Particularly during aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon mineralization, as in the case of crude oil reservoirs and petroleum-contaminated sediments, metabolic interactions between obligate mutualistic microbial partners are of central importance. Using micromanipulation combined with shotgun metagenomic approaches, we describe the genomes of complex consortia within short-chain alkane-degrading cultures operating under methanogenic conditions. Metabolic reconstruction revealed that only a small fraction of genes in the metagenome-assembled genomes encode the capacity for fermentation of alkanes facilitated by energy conservation linked to H2 metabolism. Instead, the presence of inferred lifestyles based on scavenging anabolic products and intermediate fermentation products derived from detrital biomass was a common feature. Additionally, inferred auxotrophy for vitamins and amino acids suggests that the hydrocarbon-degrading microbial assemblages are structured and maintained by multiple interactions beyond the canonical H2-producing and syntrophic alkane degrader-methanogen partnership. Compared to previous work, our report points to a higher order of complexity in microbial consortia engaged in anaerobic hydrocarbon transformation. IMPORTANCE Microbial interactions between Archaea and Bacteria mediate many important chemical transformations in the biosphere from degrading abundant polymers to synthesis of toxic compounds. Two of the most pressing issues in microbial interactions are how consortia are established and how we can modulate these microbial communities to express desirable functions. Here, we propose that public goods (i.e., metabolites of high energy demand in biosynthesis) facilitate energy conservation for life under energy-limited conditions and determine the assembly and function of the consortia. Our report suggests that an understanding of public good dynamics could result in new ways to improve microbial pollutant degradation in anaerobic systems.