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Journal articles on the topic 'Aliphatic compounds – Toxicology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Coggins, Christopher R. E., Ann M. Jerome, Jeffery S. Edmiston, and Michael J. Oldham. "A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: aliphatic carbonyl compounds." Inhalation Toxicology 23, sup1 (2011): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2010.545842.

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2

Luo, Yu-Syuan, Kyle C. Ferguson, Ivan Rusyn, and Weihsueh A. Chiu. "In Vitro Bioavailability of the Hydrocarbon Fractions of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Extracts of Petroleum Substances." Toxicological Sciences 174, no. 2 (2020): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa007.

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Abstract Determining the in vitro bioavailable concentration is a critical, yet unmet need to refine in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation for unknown or variable composition, complex reaction product or biological material (UVCB) substances. UVCBs such as petroleum substances are commonly subjected to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extraction in order to retrieve the bioactive polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) portion for in vitro testing. In addition to DMSO extraction, protein binding in cell culture media and dilution can all influence in vitro bioavailable concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic

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3

Coggins, Christopher R. E., Kimberly Frost-Pineda, Donna C. Smith, and Michael J. Oldham. "A comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: aromatic and aliphatic alcohol compounds." Inhalation Toxicology 23, sup1 (2011): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2010.551552.

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4

Abarca-Vargas, Rodolfo, and Vera L. Petricevich. "Bougainvillea Genus: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (June 24, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9070927.

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This review discusses the current knowledge of the phytochemistry and in vitro and in vivo evaluations carried out using the extracts and, where appropriate, the main active components isolated from the genus Bougainvillea. Out of 18 species, most phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies focused on four species with different cultivars and one hybrid. Some plants are used for the treatment of various health disorders. Numerous phytochemical investigations of plants in this genus confirm the presence of aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, volatile compounds, ph

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5

Kotowska, Urszula, and Valery Isidorov. "Partition coefficients of ketones, phenols, aliphatic and aromatic acids, and esters in n-hexane/nitromethane." Open Chemistry 9, no. 5 (2011): 813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0060-4.

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AbstractLiquid-liquid partition is used in sample preparation and in countercurrent and liquid-liquid chromatographic separations. Partition coefficients are widely used in toxicology, environmental, and analytical chemistry. The K hn determination procedure for the n-hexane/nitromethane system was optimized and partition coefficients for 99 ketones, esters and trimethylsilyl derivatives of phenols, aliphatic and aromatic acids were determined. For 130 compounds, K hn values were predicted using mathematical relationships between K hn and other physicochemical and structural parameters.

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6

Janssen, Dick B., Jan R. van der Ploeg, and Frens Pries. "Genetic Adaptation of Bacteria to Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds." Environmental Health Perspectives 103 (June 1995): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3432474.

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7

Janssen, D. B., J. R. van der Ploeg, and F. Pries. "Genetic adaptation of bacteria to halogenated aliphatic compounds." Environmental Health Perspectives 103, suppl 5 (1995): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103s429.

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8

McKee, Richard H., and Russell White. "The Mammalian Toxicological Hazards of Petroleum-Derived Substances." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 1_suppl (2013): 4S—16S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813514024.

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Petroleum-derived substances are complex and composed of aliphatic (normal-, iso-, and cycloparaffins), olefinic, and/or aromatic constituents. Approximately 400 of these complex substances were evaluated as part of the US Environmental Protection Agency voluntary High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge program. The substances were separated into 13 groups (categories), and all available data were assessed. Toxicology testing was conducted as necessary to fully address the end points encompassed by the HPV initiative. In a broad sense, volatile hydrocarbons may cause acute central nervous syste

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9

Hu, Qing-yuan, and Can Wang. "Interaction of gaseous aromatic and aliphatic compounds in thermophilic biofilters." Journal of Hazardous Materials 300 (December 2015): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.005.

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10

Rorije, Emiel, Lennart Eriksson, Hans Verboom, Henk J. M. Verhaar, Joop L. M. Hermens, and Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg. "Predicting reductive transformation rates of halogenated aliphatic compounds using different QSAR approaches." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 4, no. 1 (1997): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986265.

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11

Liang, Li-Nuo, and Dunja Grbić-Galić. "Biotransformation of chlorinated aliphatic solvents in the presence of aromatic compounds under methanogenic conditions." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 12, no. 8 (1993): 1377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120807.

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12

Lukevics, Edmunds, Edgars Abele, Pavel Arsenyan, et al. "Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Silicon Containing Pyridine and Quinoline Sulfides." Metal-Based Drugs 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.2002.45.

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Silicon containing pyridine and quinoline sulfides have been prepared using phase transfer catalytic system thiol/alkyl halide / solid KOH/18-crown-6 / toluene. The target S-ethers were isolated in yields up to 81%. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was studied. Among pyridine sulfides S-[3-(1-methyl- 1-silacyclohexyl)propyl] derivatives 5e and 6e exhibit the highest cytotoxicity. Aliphatic silicon derivatives were considerably less active. 8-[(Trimethylsilylmethyl)thio]quinoline (8a) exhibits the highest activity among quinoline sulfides.

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13

Clifford Conaway, C., Nalband S. Hussain, Barbara M. Way, and Emerich S. Fiala. "Evaluation of secondary nitroalkanes, their nitronates, primary nitroalkanes, nitrocarbinols, and other aliphatic nitro compounds in the Ames Salmonella assay." Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology 261, no. 3 (1991): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(91)90068-w.

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14

Ye, Ke, Hong-Lian Ai, and Ji-Kai Liu. "Identification and Bioactivities of Secondary Metabolites Derived from Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Ethnomedicinal Plants of Tujia in Hubei Province: A Review." Natural Products and Bioprospecting 11, no. 2 (2021): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00295-5.

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AbstractTujia is a national minority, inhabiting in the mountainous Wuling area in China. Since 1978, Tujia medicine has been studied, summarized and developed, leading to numerous achievements by Chinese researchers, such as the publishing of approximately 30 monographs of Tujia medicine. These publications are focused on summarizing and improving the theory of Tujia medicine and developing clinical therapies from this system of medicine. The shortage of natural medicinal plants used in Tujia medicine has created the need to discover new resources to replace them and protect endangered natura

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15

Zeliger, Harold I., Yaqin Pan, and William J. Rea. "Predicting co-morbidities in chemically sensitive individuals from exhaled breath analysis." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 5, no. 3 (2012): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10102-012-0020-7.

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ABSTRACT The exhaled breath of more than four hundred patients who presented at the Environmental Health Center - Dallas with chemical sensitivity conditions were analyzed for the relative abundance of their breath chemical composition by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. All presenting patients had no fewer than four and as many as eight co-morbid conditions. Surprisingly, almost all the exhaled breath analyses showed the presence of a preponderance of lipophilic aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The hydrophilic compounds present wer

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16

Ghezzi, Daniele, Maria Filippini, Martina Cappelletti, et al. "Molecular characterization of microbial communities in a peat-rich aquifer system contaminated with chlorinated aliphatic compounds." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 18 (2021): 23017–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12236-3.

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17

Kang, Jae Soon, Yil-Sung Moon, Si Hyeock Lee, and Il-Kwon Park. "Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) by aliphatic compounds." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 105, no. 3 (2013): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.02.001.

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18

He, Jia, Ling Fu, Yu Wang, et al. "Investigation on baseline toxicity to rats based on aliphatic compounds and comparison with toxicity to fish: Effect of exposure routes on toxicity." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 70, no. 1 (2014): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.06.019.

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19

Mujahid B Khan and Bharat Rathi. "Tinospora Cordifolia-An immunomodulatory drug in Ayurveda for prevention and treatment of Covid-19." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (2020): 1695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.4194.

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‘COVID-19’ is a highly infectious disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 and it becomes a global pandemic in a very short period. Currently, there is a lack of precise management or vaccine available to counteract this disease which mainly attacks the immune system of a body. To manage COVID-19 existing disease-modifying and anti-virals agents and are being repurposed. Many research types are conducted in the development of particular immunomodulators, anti-virals agent or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. In Ayurveda concept of epidemic condition (Janapadodhwanasa) is explained and various measures me

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20

Jerković, Igor, Ana-Marija Cikoš, Sanja Babić, et al. "Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Constituents from Endemic Brown Macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh from the Adriatic Sea and Targeted Antioxidant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo (Zebrafish Model)." Marine Drugs 19, no. 5 (2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19050235.

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The endemic brown macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh from the Adriatic Sea was in the focus of the present research. The volatiles of fresh (FrFv) and air-dried (DrFv) samples of F. virsoides obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS). The major HS-FrFv compound was pentadecane (61.90–71.55%) followed by pentadec-1-ene (11.00–7.98%). In HS-DrFv, pentadec-1-ene was not present, and few lower aliphatic compounds appeared, as well as benzaldehy

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21

Spencer, Peter S. "Neuroprotein Targets of γ-Diketone Metabolites of Aliphatic and Aromatic Solvents That Induce Central–Peripheral Axonopathy". Toxicologic Pathology 48, № 3 (2020): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623320910960.

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Peripheral neuropathy associated with chronic occupational and deliberate overexposure to neurotoxic organic solvents results from axonal degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system. Human and experimental studies show that axonopathy is triggered by the action of neuroprotein-reactive γ-diketone metabolites formed from exposure to certain aliphatic solvents ( n-hexane, 2-hexanone) and aromatic compounds (1,2-diethylbenzene, 1,2-4-triethylbenzene, 6-acetyl-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-7-ethyl-1,2,3,4-tetralin). Neuroprotein susceptibility is related primarily to their differential content

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22

Mejdoub, Kenza, Imane R. Mami, Rania Belabbes, et al. "Chemical Variability of Atractylis gummifera Essential Oils at Three Developmental Stages and Investigation of Their Antioxidant, Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities." Current Bioactive Compounds 16, no. 4 (2020): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407215666190126152112.

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Background: Atractylis gummifera is a cosmopolitan species that is particularly abundant in the Mediterranean regions. It has been used to treat many diseases, including intestinal parasites, ulcers, snakebite poisoning, hydrops and drowsiness. As part of our research program on natural compounds with biological activities, the objective of this study was to determine for the first time the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Atractylis gummifera during beginning of the vegetative cycle (March), beginning of the flowering stage (April) and full bloom (May/June).

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23

Anvarov, Adyl, Adelaida Pelaez Angel, Beatriz Felices Rando, and Jimena Lazaro Gil. "Remediation of groundwater contamination from an old, non-functional landfill in Hořkovec open cast mine, Czech Republic." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 68, no. 8 (2019): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.198.

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Abstract The main aim of this work was to assess different suitable strategies for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with the leachate from an old, not functional landfill located next to Hořkovec open cast mine, in the Czech Republic. The leachate consisted of mainly chlorinated aliphatic compounds and aromatic volatile compounds. The site, that had already been treated, was observed to show rebounding effects after the first remediation treatment. This article analyses the possibilities of using different types of remediation technologies that include in-situ chemical oxidation (IS

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24

Sudha Rameshwari K, Muthu Muneeswari M, Gloria Jemmi Christobel R, Mallika R, Renuka R, and Salini R. "Synthesis And Evaluation Of Herbal Formulation Using Natural Extract." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (2020): 3450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2487.

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Our study is intended to prepare and evaluate the polyherbal formulation (PHF) using Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Piper nigrum, and lemon juice. Poly Herbal Formulation F1 and F2 were synthesised and subjected to qualitative, quantitative phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity was measured using a standard protocol. Antimicrobial activity of PHFs was observed by the agar well diffusion method. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities (In-vitro) were studied in F1 by using inhibition of albumin denaturation method. TLC and FTIR are done for the structural elucidation in F1. The

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25

Bhat, Akash P., and Parag R. Gogate. "Degradation of nitrogen-containing hazardous compounds using advanced oxidation processes: A review on aliphatic and aromatic amines, dyes, and pesticides." Journal of Hazardous Materials 403 (February 2021): 123657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123657.

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26

Sýkora, David, Jindřich Jindřich, Vladimír Král, et al. "Formaldehyde Reacts with Amino Acids and Peptides with a Potential Role in Acute Methanol Intoxication." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44, no. 8 (2020): 880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaa039.

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Abstract Methanol, an aliphatic alcohol widely used in the industry, causes acute and chronic intoxications associated with severe long-term health damage, including permanent visual impairment, brain damage, mainly necrosis of the basal ganglia and high mortality due to cancer. However, the role of formaldehyde, an intermediate metabolite of methanol oxidation, in methanol toxicity remains unclear. Thus, we studied the reactivity of several amino acids and peptides in the presence of formaldehyde by identifying products by direct infusion electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) an

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27

Taranenko, Natalia A., N. M. Meshchakova, and O. M. Zhurba. "HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE AIR IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE CHEMICAL PLANTS OF BUTYL ALCOHOLS AND METHYL-TRET-BUTYL ETHER." Hygiene and sanitation 97, no. 9 (2018): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-9-835-839.

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There was made a hygienic assessment of the air environment of chemical production in Eastern Siberia for the production of commercial butyl alcohol of ISO - and normal structure and methyl-tret-butyl ether (MTBE). The company uses continuous processing cycles with a high degree of automation and mechanization of labor-intensive operations. A retrospective study of the air of the working area of these industries over the 13-year period found no exceedances in MAC of harmful substances (butyl alcohols, MTBE, and oil aldehyde, methanol, aliphatic hydrocarbons C1-C10, carbon monoxide, cobalt tetr

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Legal, Luc, Bruno Moulin, and Jean Marc Jallon. "The Relation between Structures and Toxicity of Oxygenated Aliphatic Compounds Homologous to the Insecticide Octanoic Acid and the Chemotaxis of Two Species of Drosophila." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 65, no. 2 (1999): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pest.1999.2430.

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29

Thamarai Selvi V T, Ezhilarasan D, and Brundha M P. "Impact of Liver Disease On Oral Health." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3886.

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The liver is the second-largest organ in the human body, which has the ability to regenerate after an injury or any inflammation. The liver diseases can be classified as an acute or chronic and infectious or non-infectious origin. Almost all the liver diseases produce oral manifestations like petechiae, Excessive bleeding in the cause of any minor trauma, inflammation. Oral Manifestation like gingival bleeding, glossitis, sialadenitis, hyposalivation are most commonly associated and perioral rashes, more prone to dental caries, Candidiasis are associated rarely with liver cirrhosis. Dry mouth,

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30

Kharchevnikova, Nina V., Z. I. Zholdakova, V. I. Zhurko, D. Yu Fedortsova, and V. G. Blinova. "ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICALS TO THE CUMULATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF THEIR MOLECULES." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 10 (2019): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-10-970-975.

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The relationships between the capacity of chemicals to cumulate a toxic effect (functional cumulation) and the structure of their molecules were investigated. In the process of substantiation of safe levels (MAC) of substances in water this capacity is characterized by the cumulation hazard class (later in the text - hazard class). This class is stated to be depend on the value of the relationship between the mean lethal dose of the acute experiment and the threshold dose of the chronic experiment. The experimental study of a huge amount of new chemicals in the chronic experiments is a very di

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Anand, Sathanandam S., Jerry L. Campbell, and Jeffrey W. Fisher. "In Vitro Rat Hepatic Metabolism of n-Alkanes: Nonane, Decane, and Tetradecane." International Journal of Toxicology 26, no. 4 (2007): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810701490075.

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Jet propellant 8 (JP-8) jet fuel is a complex mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro metabolic rate constants for semivolatile n-alkanes, nonane (C9), decane (C10), and tetradecane (C14), by rat liver microsomal oxidation. The metabolism was assessed by measuring the disappearance of parent compound by gas chromatography. Various concentrations of n-alkanes were incubated with liver microsomes from adult male F-344 rats. Nonlinear kinetic constants for nonane and decane were Vmax (nmol/mg protein/min) = 7.26 ± 0.20 and 2.80 ± 0.35, respe

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Sugawara, Kenji, Hiroshi Watarai, Yuji Ise, et al. "Structure Elucidation of Calyxoside B, a Bipolar Sphingolipid from a Marine Sponge Cladocroce sp. through the Use of Beckmann Rearrangement." Marine Drugs 19, no. 6 (2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060287.

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Marine sponges are an excellent source of biologically active secondary metabolites. We focus on deep-sea sponges for our discovery study. A marine sponge Cladocroce sp. exhibited cytotoxic activity in the bioactivity screening. From this sponge a previously unreported cytotoxic glycosphingolipid, calyxoside B, was isolated and the structure of this compound was elucidated by analyses of MS and NMR spectra and chemical derivatization. We converted the ketone in the middle of a long aliphatic chain into an oxime to which was applied Beckmann rearrangement to afford two positional isomers of ami

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"8 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Butyl Myristate." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 9, no. 2 (1990): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819009078736.

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Butyl Myristate is the ester of butyl alcohol and myristic acid. It is a colorless, oily liquid which is used in cosmetic formulations at concentrations up to 50%. Aliphatic esters such as Butyl Myristate may be readily hydrolyxed in vivo to the corresponding alcohol and acid which are then further metabolized. The LD, of Butyl Myristate was greater than 8 g/kg in rats. In animal tests, undiluted Butyl Myristate was moderately irritating but was not a skin sensitizer. No evidence of eye irritation was noted. Additional information on related compounds, including human test data results on myri

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Liu, Di, Jingwei Zhang, Chi Zhang та Xiaoyan Kou. "One-pot synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds catalyzed silica supported phenylphosphinic acid". Green Processing and Synthesis 4, № 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2014-0077.

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AbstractA simple and facile synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds was developed by the one-pot condensation of cyclohexanone, aromatic aldehydes and anilines at 25°C in the presence of silica supported phenylphosphinic acid. β-Amino carbonyl compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields and reasonable diastereoselectivities. This method has the advantages of short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, reusable catalyst, cost efficiency and environment friendly. In addition, acetophenone and aliphatic ketones as reactants were investigated.

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"6 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Aminomethylpropanol and Aminomethylpropanediol." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 9, no. 2 (1990): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819009078734.

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AMP and AMPD are substituted aliphatic alcohols. AMP is used in cosmetic products at concentrations up to 10%, AMPD is used at concentrations up to 5%. AMP and AMPD when buffered, and orally administered, are practically nontoxic to rats and mice. In primary irritation studies, AMP and formulations containing AMP were, at most, minimally irritating to abraded and nonabraded rabbit skin. Cosmetic formulations containing AMPD were only minimally irritating to rabbit skin. AMP was not an intradermal sensitizer in guinea pigs. Cosmetic formulations containing AMPD and/or AMP were minimal to modera

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"Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 13, no. 3 (1994): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819409141001.

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Lauramine Oxide and Stearamine Oxide are aliphatic tertiary amine oxides that are used mostly in hair care products as foam builders and stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, emollients, conditioners, emulsifiers, antistatic agents, and wetting agents. Both compounds are susceptible to nitrosation and can form nitrosamines in the presence of nitrosating agents. In rats, up to 40% of Lauramine Oxide applied to the skin was absorbed. In two human volunteers, 92% of the dose applied to the skin was recovered from the skin. The oral LD50 in rats for a formulation containing 0.3% Lauramine Oxide was es

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Ritoré, Emilio, Bruno Coquelet, Carmen Arnaiz, José Morillo, and José Usero. "Guidelines for surfactant selection to treat petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, September 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15876-1.

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AbstractThe present study determined the most effective surfactants to remediate gasoline and diesel-contaminated soil integrating information from soil texture and soil organic matter. Different ranges for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (> C6–C8, > C8–C10, > C10–C12, > C12–C16, > C16–C21, and > C21–C35) in gasoline and diesel fuel were analyzed. This type of analysis has been investigated infrequently. Three types of soils (silty clay, silt loam, and loamy sand) and four surfactants (non-ionic: Brij 35 and Tween 80; anionic: SDBS and SDS) were used. The results indicate

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Peñalver, Rosa, Matthew R. Jacobs, Susan Hegarty, and Fiona Regan. "Assessment of anthropogenic pollution by monitoring occurrence and distribution of chemicals in the river Liffey in Dublin." Environmental Science and Pollution Research, May 25, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14508-y.

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AbstractThis paper evaluates for the first time the spatial distribution of a wide group of organic (phthalates, nitro, aliphatic, halogen, aromatic, phenol and amino compounds) and inorganic pollutants along the Liffey river in Dublin city. The work takes into account the effect of short-term weather conditions on the occurrence of these contaminants. The results showed that rainfall conditions affect the levels of pollutants along the river in the days following a rainfall event. In addition, the tributaries entering the river Liffey were not found to impact its water quality. In relation to

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Cencič Kodba, Zdenka, and Darinka Brodnjak Vončina. "Validation of an improved European standard method for the determination of PCBs in oil samples." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 9, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/nbc.1133.

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Two European standard methods (EN 12766 and EN 61619) are currently used for the determination of PCBs in specific oil matrix. However, apolar matrix compounds (e.g. hydrocarbons) elute from the adsorbent together with the PCBs and are injected into the analytical system where their presence contaminates the inlet, detectors and columns; and decreases system performances. Insufficient cleanup causes delay of elution of PCBs from GC columns. By using new sulfoxide-bonded silica, PCBs are better separated from aliphatic hydrocarbons because the specificity of the stationary phase for these compo

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Burns, Jarrett M. "Hydrocarbons." DeckerMed Emergency Medicine, September 1, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/em.4339.

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Hydrocarbons (HCs) are organic compounds that contain primarily hydrogen and carbon atoms. Although most HC exposures occur in occupational settings dealing with various solvents, they can be found in products in every household. Therefore, the risk of exposure in everyday life is high. This review discusses the toxicokinetics, pathophysiology, common clinical presentation, and management of HCs. The three major classes of HCs (aliphatic, aromatic, and halogenated) are closely examined. An in-depth look is taken at commonly encountered HCs with unique toxicologic characteristics. The principle

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"Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Chloroacetamide." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 10, no. 1 (1991): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078620.

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Abstract:

Chloroacetamide is a chlorinated aliphatic amide used as a preservative in U.S. cosmetic formulations at concentrations of less than or equal to 1.0%. The antimicrobial spectrum for certain test microorganisms required concentrations up to 0.3% for minimal inhibition and 0.5% for a minimal germicidal effect. The acute oral LD50 for this compound was 155 mg/kg for mice,70 to 138 mg/kg for rats, 31 mg/kg for dogs, and 122 mg/kg for rabbits. Chloroacetamide was neither an ocular nor a skin irritant when tested at 5.0% in the rabbit. No sensitization was reported in three separate studies using gu

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