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Journal articles on the topic 'Aliquat-336'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 June 2025

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1

Wei, Wei, Myung Hee Song, Sok Kim, John Kwame Bediako, and Yeoung Sang Yun. "Selective Recovery of Au(III) from Binary Metal Solution Using Aliquat-336-Impregnated Alginate Capsule." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.511.

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Aliquat-336-impregnated alginate capsule (Aliquat-336-AC) was fabricated using a facile method. Ionic liquid Aliquat-336 was used as a model extractant owing to its good extraction performance toward precious metals (PMs). Aliquat-336-AC was prepared by dropping the mixture solution (Aliquat-336 + Tween 80 + CaCl2) into the alginate solution. CaCl2was used to form Ca-alginate shell, leading to Aliquat-336-AC. Two types of binary metal solutions, Au (III)/Pt (IV) and Au (III)/Pd (II) were used to evaluate metal sorption capacity of Aliquat-336-AC. The maximum Au (III) uptake in Au (III)/Pt (IV) and Au (III)/Pd (II) systems were 61.38 and 82.97 mg/g, respectively. Whereas, the uptakes of Pt (IV) and Pd (II) were almost closed to zero, indicating excellent Au (III) selectivity of Aliquat-336-AC. A comparative study was carried out between liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) using Aliquat-336 and solid/liquid adsorption (SLA) using Aliquat-336-AC for Au (III) selective recovery from Au (III)/Pt (IV) and Au (III)/Pd (II) solutions. The data of selectivity coefficients (αsel) showed that the values of αAu/Ptand αAu/Pdwere 10253.34 and 5817.61 in the SLA system, respectively. These values were much higher than 2033.38 of αAu/Ptand 1879.80 of αAu/Pdin the LLE system. Therefore, Aliquat-336-AC can be used as a selective adsorbent for Au (III).

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2

Fared, E. S., K. A. Rabee, M. M. Ali, A. M. Daher, S. M. Abdeldayem, and Gaber M. Abu El -Reash. "Extraction and Separation of zirconium using Aliquat 336 from Egyptian black sand." Journal of Research in Environmental and Earth Sciences 10, no. 9 (2024): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35629/2532-10090111.

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A solvent extraction method has been employed to extract and separate zirconium from the nitric acid medium using 6% tri-caprylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) [CH3(CH2)7]3N+(CH3) Cl- dissolved in kerosene as diluent. The relevant factors controlling the extraction process of zirconium using Aliquat 336 were studied. These factors include Aliquat 336 concentration, A:O phase ratio, contact time and diluent type. More than 99.6% of Zr was extracted by 6% Aliquat 336 at contact time 10 minutes, phase ratio O:A (v: v) 2:1 and the diluent were kerosene. Third phase formation was studied and dissolving it by using decanol as modifier was also done. Stripping of zirconium from loaded Aliquat 336 has been carried out using 4M H2SO4 as an effective stripping agent. The feasibility of using Aliquat 336 for separation of zirconium was assisted by stripping studies. The loaded zirconium onto Aliquat 336 has been stripped by stripping efficiency 94.18% when using 4M H2SO4 as an efficient eluting agent at 10 minutes contact time and phase ratio O:A (v: v) 1:1.

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3

Ulfia, Khoirin Nita, Khabibi Khabibi, and Muhammad Cholid Djunaidi. "Recovery Logam Krom (VI) Menggunakan Polymer Inclusion Membran (PIM) dengan Senyawa Pembawa Aliquat 336, Topo dan Campuran Aliquat 336-Topo." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 14, no. 3 (2011): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.14.3.77-82.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang recovery logam krom (VI) menggunakan polymer inclusion membran (PIM) dengan senyawa pembawa aliquat 336, TOPO, dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan PIM, melakukan pemisahan ion krom (VI) menggunakan PIM dengan senyawa tunggal aliquat 336, TOPO, dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO, menentukan pengaruh komposisi senyawa pembawa, pengaruh konsentrasi fasa umpan, waktu pengadukan, dan frekuensi pemakaian membran terhadap transpor ion logam krom (VI). Efisiensi pemisahan diketahui dengan menentukan pengaruh komposisi senyawa pembawa, menentukan kadar ion krom (VI) dengan variasi konsentrasi fasa umpan, ketebalan membran, dan banyaknya pemakaian membran menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). Morfologi permukaan membran dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Pada proses transpor, fasa umpan adalah limbah elektroplating yang mengandung logam krom dengan pH 4,4 sedangkan fasa penerima adalah larutan NaCl 2 N dengan pH 6,3. Analisis gugus fungsi komponen penyusun membran dilakukan dengan spektroskopi FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transpor ion logam krom (VI) dipengaruhi oleh senyawa pembawa aliquat 336 dan campuran aliquat 336-TOPO. Keduanya lebih mempengaruhi transpor dibandingkan TOPO saja. Konsentrasi fasa umpan dengan konsentrasi awal 8,5 ppm, waktu pengadukan selama 72 jam, serta pemakaian pertama menghasilkan transpor ion logam terbanyak. Transpor terbanyak yaitu 97,8 % dari fasa umpan dan 76,5 % yang tertranspor ke fasa penerima.

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4

Nor’Azmi, Nor Zafirah, Noor Fazliani Shoparwe, and Abdul Hafidz Yusoff. "Study on the Performance of Polymer Inclusion Membrane for Gold Extraction." Malaysian Journal of Bioengineering and Technology (MJBeT) 1, no. 2 (2024): 107–12. https://doi.org/10.70464/mjbet.v1i2.1468.

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The efficiency of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for gold extraction, particularly using Aliquat-336 as a carrier, has been extensively studied. The membrane was fabricated by combining poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and varying concentrations of Aliquat-336 (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt.%). The optimal formulation, incorporating 20 wt.% Aliquat-336 (M5), demonstrated significant improvements in ion exchange capacity (IEC) extraction rates, achieving an impressing 1.697 meq/g and 95.96% extraction efficiency, respectively.

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5

Lee, Lai Yee, Norhashimah Morad, Norli Ismail, Amir Talebi, and Mohd Rafatullah. "Optimization for Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Cd(II) over Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Ionic Liquid Aliquat 336 with Tributyl Phosphate." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (2020): 6860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186860.

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This study investigates the separation of two heavy metals, Cd(II) and Cu(II), from the mixed synthetic feed using a liquid-liquid extraction. The current study uses tri-octyl methylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) as the extractant (with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as a phase modifier), diluted in toluene, in order to investigate the selective extraction of Cd(II) over Cu(II) ions. We investigate the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a masking agent for Cu(II), when added in aqueous feed, for the selective extraction of Cd(II). Five factors that influence the selective extraction of Cd(II) over Cu(II) (the equilibrium pH (pHeq), Aliquat 336 concentration (Aliquat 336), TBP concentration (TBP), EDTA concentration (EDTA), and organic to aqueous ratio (O:A)) were analyzed. Results from a 25–1 fractional factorial design show that Aliquat 336 significantly influenced Cd(II) extraction, whereas EDTA was statistically significant for the antagonistic effect on the E% of Cu(II) in the same system. Moreover, results from optimization experiment showed that the optimum conditions are Aliquat 336 concentration of 99.64 mM and EDTA concentration of 48.86 mM—where 95.89% of Cd(II) was extracted with the least extracted Cu(II) of 0.59%. A second-order model was fitted for optimization of Cd(II) extraction with a R2 value of 0.998, and ANOVA results revealed that the model adequately fitted the data at a 5% significance level. Interaction between Aliquat 336 and Cd(II) has been proven via FTIR qualitative analysis, whereas the addition of TBP does not affect the extraction mechanism.

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6

Aldwaish, Manal, Noura Kouki, Azizah Algreiby, Haja Tar, Rafik Tayeb, and Amor Hafiane. "An Ionic Supported Liquid Membrane for the Recovery of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution." Membranes 12, no. 9 (2022): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090869.

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In this work, a flat supported liquid membrane (FSLM) was applied for the extraction of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions, using an ionic liquid as a carrier. The liquid membrane consists of tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (aliquat 336®) diluted in 2-octanol. Furthermore, to obtain the best transport efficiency, the impacts of various experimental parameters were investigated. These parameters included aliquat 336® concentration, the concentration of BPA in the feed phase, the pH of the feed phase, the concentration of NaOH in the receiving phase, the polymeric support nature, the percentage of extractant in the organic phase, and the solvent nature. The optimum conditions of the experiment were 50% (v/v) aliquat 336®/2-octanol as the organic phase, a transport time of 8 h, and 1 × 10−2 mol L−1 NaOH as the receiving phase. The BPA was successfully recovered (the recovery percentage was about 89%). Supported liquid membrane-based aliquat 336®/2-octanol displayed an acceptable stability with re-impregnation after 5 days of operation.

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7

Abdoul-Rachid, Chaibou Yacouba, Laouali Ibahim Salmana, Zanguina Adamou, Natatou Ibrahim, and Mamane Ibrahim. "Comparative Study of Solvent Extraction of Uranium with Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336: Application to the Uranium-Bearing Solutions of Niger Republic." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 9 (2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n9p76.

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This study focuses on the liquid-liquid extraction of uranium by anionic extractants of Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336. The objective of this study is to determine the parameters allowing the optimization of the extraction percentage of uranium, and other metals such as molybdenum, zirconium and vanadium. The extraction kinetics of uranium is achieved in 2 minutes. Sulfuric acid solutions are the media per excellence when using Alamine 336 as extractant. However,with Aliquat 336, it is orthophosphoric acid. Uranium is extracted at 99% in a single contact from the ratio: organic phase over aqueous phase (O/A) equals 1. The extraction of uranium with Alamine 336 depends on the initial pH of the aqueous phase as well as the Alamine 336 concentration. Alamine 336 tends to release the uranium and the extracted zirconium until the 3 rd contact to the benefit of the molybdenum due to the natural occurrence of 𝐶𝑙−,𝑁𝑂3 − and 𝐹 − ions in the uranium-bearing solutions which have the tendency of breaking the anion complexes. Vanadium, which is not extracted by Alamine 336 and Aliquat 336, can, in the hydrodynamic conditions of this work, be extracted by increasing the redox potential to 800 mV and pH ≥ 1.

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8

Matveev, Petr I., and Vladimir G. Petrov. "Solvent Extraction of Didymium by TBP, Aliquat 336 and HDEHP in The Presence of Ca(NO3)2." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062032.

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Three commercially available extractants (tri-butyl-phosphate (TBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and Aliquat 336 (a mixture of quaternary ammonium bases)) were tested for separation of Pr(III) and Nd(III) in both static and dynamic modes. In the case of HDEHP, phase stability and influence of nitric acid were considered. Extraction isotherms were constructed, and influence of water-soluble complexing agents on the separation factor was investigated for Aliquat 336. In the case of TBP, influence of calcium nitrate in aqueous phase on the extraction efficiency was investigated. Model countercurrent experiments were conducted for TBP and Aliquat 336. It was shown that TBP is the best choice due to its high capacity and cation extraction order (Nd > Pr).

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9

Naskar, Nabanita, and Susanta Lahiri. "Separation of no-carrier-added 71,72As from 46 MeV alpha particle irradiated gallium oxide target." Radiochimica Acta 109, no. 5 (2021): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0120.

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Abstract No-carrier-added (NCA) 71,72As radionuclides were produced by irradiating gallium oxide target by 46 MeV α-particles. NCA 71,72As was separated from the target matrix by liquid-liquid extraction (LLX) using trioctyl amine (TOA) and tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (aliquat-336) diluted in cyclohexane. The bulk gallium was quantitatively extracted into the organic phase leaving 71,72As in the aqueous phase. Complete separation was observed at 3 M HCl + 0.1 M TOA and 2 M HCl + 0.01 M aliquat-336.

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10

Asai, Shiho, Kazuo Watanabe, Takanobu Sugo, and Kyoichi Saito. "Effects of Aliquat 336 Concentration and Solvent Composition on Amount of Aliquat 336 Impregnated and Liquid Permeability of Aliquat 336-Impregnated Porous Hollow-Fiber Membrane." MEMBRANE 32, no. 3 (2007): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.32.168.

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11

Sharma, Shivani, Chia-Ming Wu, Ranjit T. Koodali, and N. Rajesh. "An ionic liquid-mesoporous silica blend as a novel adsorbent for the adsorption and recovery of palladium ions, and its applications in continuous flow study and as an industrial catalyst." RSC Advances 6, no. 32 (2016): 26668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26673d.

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12

Nguyen, Viet Nhan Hoa, Minh Nhan Le, and Man Seung Lee. "Comparison of Extraction Ability between a Mixture of Alamine 336/Aliquat 336 and D2EHPA and Ionic Liquid ALi-D2 from Weak Hydrochloric Acid Solution." Metals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121678.

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The development of extraction systems to improve the extraction efficiency of metals using commercial extractants and ionic liquids is of importance. The extraction behavior of Co(II) between mixture of Alamine 336/Aliquat 336 and D2EHPA and synthesized ionic liquid ALi-D2 was compared in this work. Some factors, such as equilibrium pH, properties of the extractants, and concentration of components in the mixture had a remarkable effect on the extraction of Co(II). The interactions occurring in the mixtures as well as the change in solution pH were analyzed. Co(II) was completely extracted by ionic liquid when equilibrium pH was higher than 6.5, while it was difficult to extract Co(II) by employing the mixture of D2EHPA and Alamine 336/Aliquat 336. The formation of ionic liquid in the mixture of D2EHPA and Aliquat 336 was verified through FT-IR spectra. In addition, the competition extraction of hydrogen ion and Co(II) by ionic liquid ALi-D2 was explained. Among the three kinds of extractants, the ionic liquid showed the best extraction efficiency for Co(II) and pH control from weak acidic solutions. The present study provides valuable information on the extraction behavior of metal ion by the mixtures of commercial extractants, and thus can give some light on the development of metal extraction systems.

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13

Van de Voorde, Michiel, Karen Van Hecke, Koen Binnemans, and Thomas Cardinaels. "Separation of samarium and europium by solvent extraction with an undiluted quaternary ammonium ionic liquid: towards high-purity medical samarium-153." RSC Advances 8, no. 36 (2018): 20077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03279c.

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14

Wang, Jinlin, Panwei Weng, Jing Zhou, Xu Zhang, and Shufen Cui. "Carrier-mediated solvent bar microextraction coupled with HPLC-DAD for the quantitative analysis of the hydrophilic antihypertensive peptide VLPVPR in human plasma." Analytical Methods 10, no. 1 (2018): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01927k.

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15

Kamran Haghighi, Hossein, Mehdi Irannajad, Agustin Fortuny, and Ana Maria Sastre. "Mathematical modeling on non-dispersive extraction of germanium from aqueous solutions using Aliquat 336." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 12 (2018): 2489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.002.

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Abstract In this work, the mathematical modeling of the facilitated transport of germanium (non-dispersive extraction) through a flat sheet membrane with an Aliquat 336 carrier was described. The flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) experiments were performed under conditions germanium ≈ 100 mg/L, tartaric acid concentration of 2.76 mmol/L, and carrier concentrations of 2.5–10%v/v. The extraction equilibrium, mass transfer, and diffusion equations based on Fick's law were the principles of modeling. Modeling was carried out by programming in Matlab mathematical software to obtain the extraction (Kex) and mass transfer constants (Km) as the objective parameters. According to the model resolution, Kex and Km were found to be 0.178 and 9.25 × 10−2 cm/s, respectively. The correlation coefficients between model and experimental data relating to the Aliquat 336 concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%v/v were found as 0.96, 0.98, 0.99, and 0.92. The parameters of root mean square error, bias, and scatter index showed the model accuracy. In addition, diffusion coefficients relating to Aliquat 336 concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%v/v were calculated using mass transfer coefficients to be 2.4 × 10−4, 2.23 × 10−4, 1.91 × 10−4, and 1.79 × 10−4 cm2/s, respectively.

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16

Filimon, Anca, Adina Maria Dobos, Oana Dumbrava, Florica Doroftei, and Lavinia Lupa. "Green Blends Based on Ionic Liquids with Improved Performance for Membrane Technology: Perspectives for Environmental Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (2022): 7961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147961.

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Present research was directed towards the development of new high-performance and cost-effective polysulfone membranes (PSFQ) by introducing ionic liquids (ILs—Cyphos 101 IL and Aliquat 336) into their matrix. Variation of ILs was performed with the aim to find the one that brings new properties and improves the functionality and selectivity of PSFQ membranes in ultrafiltration processes. Based on the obtained results of the rheological study, we established the compatibility of compounds and optimal content of the used ILs, namely 3 wt% and 15 wt% Cyphos 101 IL and compositions varying between 3 and 15 wt % Aliquat 336. Results indicated that the ILs acted as plasticizers when they were added to the system, a helpful aspect in processing membranes used in water decontamination. The efficiency and performance of the membranes were evaluated by their use in the treatment of diclofenac (DCF)-containing waters. Membranes obtained from PSFQ/Aliquat 336 solution containing 15 wt% IL exhibited a 97% removal degree of DCF in the treatment process of 50 mL solution containing 3 mg/L DCF. The separation efficiency was kept constant for four filtration/cleaning cycles. The results indicated an improvement in membrane performance as the amount of IL in their structure increased, which confirms the potential for application in water treatment processes.

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17

SUPRA, BANDYOPADHYAY, and K. DAS ARABINDA. "Determination of Mercury In Soil by Cold Vapour AAS after its Separation with Aliquat-336." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, Jun 1989 (1989): 427–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6163395.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713 104 <em>Manuscript received</em><strong><em> </em></strong>21 June 1988 revised 27 January 1989, accepted 18 April 1989 Determination of Mercury In Soil by Cold Vapour AAS after its Separation with Aliquat-336 

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18

Deferm, Clio, Michiel Van de Voorde, Jan Luyten, Harald Oosterhof, Jan Fransaer, and Koen Binnemans. "Purification of indium by solvent extraction with undiluted ionic liquids." Green Chemistry 18, no. 14 (2016): 4116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc00586a.

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19

ASAI, S., K. WATANABE, K. SAITO, and T. SUGO. "Preparation of Aliquat 336-impregnated porous membrane." Journal of Membrane Science 281, no. 1-2 (2006): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.03.033.

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20

Hubicki, Zbigniew, Karolina Zinkowska, and Grzegorz Wójcik. "A New Impregnated Adsorbent for Noble Metal Ion Sorption." Molecules 28, no. 16 (2023): 6040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166040.

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Noble metals (NM) such as gold, platinum, palladium, and rhodium are widely applied in the electronics and automotive industries. Thus, the search for cheap and selective sorbents for noble metals is economically justified. Nitrolite does not sorb noble metal ions. A new impregnated sorbent was prepared. The natural sorbent Nitrolite was impregnated with Aliquat 336 using a new warm impregnation method. After the impregnation process, Nitrolite adsorbed platinum(IV), palladium(II), and gold(III) ions from the chloride solutions. The values of the sorption capacity for palladium(II) and platinum(IV) ions were 47.63 mg/g and 51.39 mg/g, respectively, from the 0.1 M HCl model solution. The sorption capacity for gold(III) ions was estimated to be 73.43 mg/g from the 0.1 M HCl model solution. An exhausted catalytic converter was leached, and platinum(IV), palladium(II), and rhodium(III) were transferred to the chloride solution. The impregnated sorbent Nitrolite–Aliquat 336 was used in the investigations of the platinum(IV), palladium(II), and rhodium(III) ions’ sorption from a real solution. The impregnated sorbent Nitrolite–Aliquat 336 proved to be suitable for the recovery of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) ions, whereas rhodium ions were not sorbed from the leached solutions. Notably, 1 M thiourea in the 1 M HCl solution desorbed platinum(IV), palladium(II), and gold(III) above 94%.

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21

Zsabka, Péter, Karen Van Hecke, Lesley Adriaensen, et al. "Selective extraction of trivalent actinides using CyMe4BTPhen in the ionic liquid Aliquat-336 nitrate." RSC Advances 11, no. 11 (2021): 6014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra10445k.

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22

Haque, Jiyaul, V. Srivastava, Chandrabhan Verma, H. Lgaz, R. Salghi, and M. A. Quraishi. "N-Methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium chloride as a novel and green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in an acid chloride medium: electrochemical, DFT and MD studies." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 22 (2017): 13647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj02254a.

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23

Ali, Nauman, Nasiha Naz, Ziarat Shah, Anwar ul Haq Ali shah, Adnan Khan, and Rubila Nawaz. "Selective transportation of molybdenum from model and ore through poly inclusion membrane." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 34, no. 1 (2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.9.

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The extraction of molybdenum from the aqueous solution through poly inclusion membrane (PIM) containing tri-caprylylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat-336) as a carrier has been investigated. A solution of molybdenum in phosphoric acid was used as a feed side while sodium hydroxide was used as stripping reagent. The results indicate that maximum flux value was obtained at 0.16 M Aliquat-336. Increase in H3PO4 concentration from 0.05 to 1.5 M results into an increase in molybdenum ions. The maximum flux of 3.00×10−6 mol/m2s through PIM was found at 1.5 M H3PO4. The optimized conditions were applied for removal of Mo(VI) from ore and more than 97 % Mo(VI) was extracted.  Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 93-104. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.9

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24

Mahapatra, Tanusri, Amarendra Patra, and Alok Kumar Mitra. "A green procedure for the synthesis of cinnamate esters using Aliquat®336." Journal of Chemical Research 2005, no. 10 (2005): 629–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823405774663183.

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As an effective solid-liquid phase-transfer catalyst as well as an ionic liquid medium Aliquat® 336 has been applied in the synthesis of cinnamate esters under mild green chemistry procedures involving microwave irradiation.

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25

Kolesar, Filip, Karen Van Hecke, Péter Zsabka, Ken Verguts, Koen Binnemans, and Thomas Cardinaels. "Separation of americium from highly active raffinates by an innovative variant of the AmSel process based on the ionic liquid Aliquat-336 nitrate." RSC Advances 13, no. 51 (2023): 36322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra06064k.

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A new variant of the AmSel (Americium Selective Separation) system for the separation of Am(iii) from a PUREX raffinate was tested in which the aliphatic diluent was replaced by the ionic liquid Aliquat-336 nitrate.

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26

Mohd Harun, Mohd Hazarel Zairy, and Abdul Latif Ahmad. "Optimisation of Ibuprofen Extraction by Emulsion Liquid Membrane Using Box-Behnken Design." Journal of Physical Science 33, no. 2 (2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jps2022.33.2.6.

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Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is a potential method for extracting ibuprofen (IBP) from aqueous solution. The concentrations of the carrier, surfactant and internal phases are important parameters to optimise the extraction efficiency of IBP. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used to optimise the main parameters of ELM, which are Aliquat 336 (A), Span 80 (B) and sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 (C). The responses were calculated using quadratic polynomial regression and the model suggests a significant result with the experimental data set, with the F-value and p-value calculated at 17.88% and 0.05%, respectively. Span 80 and Na2CO3 had a mutual interaction which was significant for the IBP extraction by ELM. At the optimised parameters, namely Aliquat 336 concentration (2 wt%), Span 80 concentration (4 wt%) and Na2CO3 concentration (0.1 M) resulted in 96.78% of IBP extraction.

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27

Dehmlow, Eckehard V., and Christof Bollmann. "Verbesserte präparative Darstellung von Polyisopropyl- und Poly-tert-butylcyclopentadienen / Improved Preparation of Polyisopropyl- and -tert-butylcyclopentadienes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 48, no. 4 (1993): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1993-0410.

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Phase transfer catalytic isopropylation or tert-butylation of cyclopentadiene yields 1-6 in efficient one-pot procedures. Powdered potassium hydroxide or solid sodium hydride are the prefered bases, Aliquat 336 or dibenzo-18-crown-6 are the PT catalysts.

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Che Miur, Amalin Sofia, Noor Fazliani Shoparwe, Zubaidah Aimi Abdul Hamid, Muaz Zaini Makhtar, and Nor Izzah Zainuddin. "Properties of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane by Incorporating Ionic Liquid for Humic Acid Removal." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-q37ts5.

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The present study was conducted to investigate the properties of fabricated polythersulfone ultrafiltration membrane by incorporating ionic liquid (IL) (Aliquat 336) in the casting solution towards HA removal. IL namely Aliquat 336 is used with varied composition of polyethersulfone (PES) as polymer and and Dimethyl acetamide (DMAC) as a solvent. All the fabricated membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ganiometer and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. The fabricated membranes were also analyzed through its performance based on water flux, HA flux and HA rejection. The experimental results show that the incorporation of ionic liquid in different composition of polymer resulted in different characteristic of membrane and provided in improvement of HA removal. The P4 membrane gave the best performance with the water flux of 373.25 L/m2.h, the HA flux of 262.68 L/m2.h and the highest removal of HA up to 90%.

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Navarro, P., and F. J. Alguacil. "Extracción de Mo(VI) de disoluciones en medio nítrico mediante Alamine 336 ó Aliquat 336." Revista de Metalurgia 31, no. 6 (1995): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1995.v31.i6.937.

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Huang, Du Shu, Zhao Long Huang, Na Wu, Jing Wang, Chun Xu, and Wei Liu. "Extraction Process of L-Theanine across Aiquat 336-Kerosene Bulk Liquid Membrane." Advanced Materials Research 485 (February 2012): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.485.52.

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L-theanine was extracted by bulk liquid membrane containing Aliquat 336 as a carrier and kerosene as solvent. The effects of theanine initial concentration, carrier concentration and ion concentration in the extracting phase on separation performance were discussed and appropriate extractive conditions were established.

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Huang, Qiang, and Jianping Liu. "Facile and Clean Solution Synthesis of Large-Scale ZnO Nanorods Assisted with Aliquat 336." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/409639.

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A facile and clean fabrication of large-scale ZnO nanorods assisted with Aliquat 336 using aqueous chemical method is reported. As prepared, samples were characterized using XRD, EDS, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM. The optical properties were measured by Raman spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence spectra.

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Nurulashikin, Syahira, Norasikin Othman, and Norela Jusoh. "Synergistic organic liquid formulation for succinic acid extraction from simulated aqueous solution." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 1 (2021): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n1.2172.

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Bio-succinic acid (SA) is a new compound that will replace petroleum based succinic acid. The application of bio-based succinic acid is still restricted due to its excessive downstream processing cost. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is one of the promising methods for the successful extraction of SA. Single extractant in the LLE formulation commonly had drawbacks of long extraction time and tiny loading capacity. The aim of this study is to create synergistic formulation to enhance the SA extraction performance. The diluent is fixed as palm oil as the characteristic shows that it is safer, renewable, and non-toxic to environment. Four different types of extractants including Aliquat 336, Trioctylamine (TOA), Tributylamine (TBA) and Tributyl-phosphate (TBP) was tested to find the best combination of synergist extractants. The result shows that almost 100 % of SA was extracted using synergistic mixture of TOA and Aliquat 336 at 0.2M with synergistic coefficient (SC) of 640. In conclusion, synergistic mixture has high potential to extract SA

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33

Semghouni, Hassina, Said Bey, Alberto Figoli, et al. "Chromium(VI) Removal by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)/Aliquat-336 Polymeric Inclusion Membranes in a Multiframe Flat Sheet Membrane Module." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (2019): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9152994.

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A new multiframe flat sheet membrane contactor module containing several flat membranes was designed and implemented. Each frame contains a chamber (central hole) in which the feed and the receiving phases are put in contact with polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/Aliquat-336 polymeric flat sheet membranes for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions (feed phase). To evaluate the efficiency of the system, the experimental design methodology was used to analyze the effect of temperature (T, °C), PVC/Aliquat-336 ratio, and Cr (VI) concentration in the feed phase and the concentration of sodium chloride (NaOH-NaCl) in the receiving phase. Two representative mathematical models of the two responses (extraction and back-extraction) were respectively obtained. A good correlation between the experimental results and those predicted (RS2 = 97.77 and RR2 = 97.87) was achieved, allowing the optimization of the different factors selected for each response, separately. The proposed system showed a good separation performance, leading to Cr(VI) extractions up to 93% when working at the optimized operating conditions.

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Matsumoto, Michiaki, Masashi Yamamoto, and Kazuo Kondo. "Use of Bacterial Cellulose from Nata de Coco as Base Polymer for Liquid Membranes Containing Ionic Liquids." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 11 (2012): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12307.

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Bacterial cellulose is becoming a promising biopolymer for membrane separation due to its biocompatibility. We prepared bacterial cellulose membranes from nata de coco, an indigenous dessert of the Philippines, as a support or a base polymer in the liquid membrane process. When we prepared bacterial cellulose membranes in the presence of Aliquat 336 as an ionic liquid, we obtained stable bacterial cellulose membranes. We carried out two different permeation experiments on lactate and organic nitrogen compounds. In the case of lactate permeation, the lactate remained in the membrane phase due to the strong interaction between the cellulose and the lactate by hydrogen bonding. For organic nitrogen compounds without strong hydrogen bonding moieties, quinoline and pyridine successfully permeated through the membranes. Higher selectivity against heptane was observed than previously reported results. The bacterial membranes from nata de coco containing Aliquat 336 were found to be promising for the separation of organic nitrogen compounds.

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Amarendra, Patra, and Mahapatra Tanusri. "Environmentally green syntheses of Biginelli compounds, some fused and spiro-fused analogues and bis(indolyl)methanes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 91, Jun 2014 (2014): 1151–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5723730.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata-700 009, India <em>E-mail </em>: amarendra.patra@gmail.com <em>Fax</em> : 91-33-23519755 <em>Manuscript received 15 May 2013, accepted 07 January 2014</em> One-pot synthesis of various known and new 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1<em>H)</em>-ones/thiones, 5-oxooctahydroquinazolin2-ones/thiones and spiro-fused heterocycles are reported using Aliquat<sup>®</sup>336 as a phase-transfer catalyst under microwave irradiation in water. This new method provides comparatively better catalyst for both Biginelli and Biginelli-like cyclocondensation, greener and milder reaction conditions, quicker reaction, simpler isolation of products and better yields. Catalysing efficiency of Aliquat®336 in conjunction with (NH<sub>4 </sub>)<sub>2</sub> SO<sub>4 </sub>was also tested for one pot two-component condensation of aldehydes and indole yielding various bis(indolyl)methanes in excellent yield under conventional heating.

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36

Sabba, Nassila, Omar Arous, and Djamel Eddine Akretche. "Extraction du plomb (II) par des membranes polymères à inclusion en utilisant l’Aliquat 336 comme transporteur." Revue des sciences de l’eau 26, no. 2 (2013): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016062ar.

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Résumé Au cours de ce travail, nous avons étudié l’extraction liquide - liquide et le transport du plomb à travers des membranes polymériques en utilisant le chlorure de tricapryle ammonium (Aliquat 336) comme transporteur. L’extraction du plomb par Aliquat 336 nous a permis de mettre au point les conditions optimales d’extraction et de déterminer les rendements d’extraction. Les expériences d’extraction liquide - liquide ont montré qu’un maximum de rendement était obtenu après huit minutes d’agitation à une vitesse de 2 400 (rpm). Les pourcentages d’extraction obtenus varient entre 80 à 94 % et donc une très bonne élimination du plomb a été réalisée (la concentration initiale du plomb varie entre 2 10‑6 M et 30 10‑6 M). Nous avons préparé par la suite des membranes à base du polymère triacétate de cellulose (TAC) plastifiées par le tris-ethyl-hexyl-phosphate (TEHP) et modifiées par l’extractant Aliquat 336 utilisé comme transporteur. Les membranes élaborées ont été également caractérisées par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR). Les valeurs obtenues pour les épaisseurs (entre 10 et 20 µm) et les densités sont tout à fait comparables à celles des supports commerciaux utilisés pour la préparation des membranes liquides supportées. L’ajout du plastifiant a donné une très bonne hydrophobie des membranes élaborées. Les expériences du transfert du plomb à travers les nouvelles membranes ont montré que les flux augmentent considérablement avec la concentration du transporteur pour atteindre un maximum à partir de 10‑3 M. D’autres paramètres caractérisant le transport (concentration initiale du métal et le pH) ont été déterminés. Un bon rendement d’élimination du plomb a été obtenu dans la gamme de pH très acide (1 ≤ pH ≤ 2).

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37

Malay, Datta, and Sankar Roy Uday. "Extraction chromatographic studies of cobalt(II) with aliquat-336." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 84, Aug 2007 (2007): 828–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826796.

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Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India <em>Manuscript received 1 March 2007, revised 31 May 2007, accepted 1 June 2007</em> A selective method has been developed for extraction chromatographic studies of Co<sup>II</sup> with aliquat-336 (liquid anion exchanger) coated on silica gel as a stationary phase. Quantitative extraction of Co<sup>II</sup> has been achieved at 6.0-8.0<em> M</em> HCI. The effects of different acids with varying concentrations, stripping agents, flow rate on extraction and elution have been investigated. Co<sup>II</sup> has been separated from binary, ternary and quaternary mixture of various metal ions. Selective separation of Co<sup>II</sup> has been achieved from most of the common transition metals. The proposed method is simple, rapid and selective.

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38

Akabane, Toshiyuki, Kazuchika Ohta, Tokihiro Takizawa, Takehiro Matsuse, and Mutsumi Kimura. "Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes, 54: Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis and homeotropic alignment of phthalocyanine-based liquid crystals." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 21, no. 07n08 (2017): 476–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842461750047x.

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The most difficult problem on syntheses of the phthalocyanine-based liquid crystals is the long reaction time. In order to shorten the reaction time, we have developed novel Methods A, B and D, for the syntheses of phthalocyanine-based liquid crystals by using microwave heating and/or adding a phase transfer catalysis of Aliquat 336. A series of phthalocyanine derivatives C[Formula: see text]PcZn(1) ([Formula: see text] 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18: a, b, c and e) could be successfully synthesized in a dramatically short reaction time of 30–60 min using Methods A and B by microwave heating. On the other hand, anothor series of the derivatives C[Formula: see text](OH)PcZn (2a–2e) could not be synthesized by microwave heating. Therefore, all these derivatives were synthesized using conventional Method C by oil bath heating, but the reaction took a very long time (22.5–88 h). To shorten the reaction time, we have developed Method D by oil bath heating with adding a phase transfer catalyst of Aliquat 336. In this method, we successfully shortened the reaction time from 88 h to 3 h for the synthesis of the derivative 2a. Thus, the reaction time for oil bath heating can be also greatly shortened by adding the phase transfer catalyst of Aliquat 336. Furthermore, we have established from POM, DSC and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction measurements that the derivative C[Formula: see text]PcZn (1a) shows a very rare pseudohexagonal columnar (Col[Formula: see text] phase, and that the derivatives C[Formula: see text]PcZn (1b–1e) and C[Formula: see text](OH)PcZn (2b–2e) exhibit spontaneous perfect homeotropic alignment in a large area between two glass plates in their Col[Formula: see text] phases.

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39

Lupa, Lavinia, Laura Cocheci, Adina Maria Dobos, Mihaela Dorina Onofrei, Petru Negrea, and Anca Filimon. "Metal Ions Removal from Contaminated Water Using Membranes Functionalized with Ionic Liquids." Water 14, no. 24 (2022): 4105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244105.

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The present work studies the efficiency of new innovative quaternized polysulfone (PSFQ)/ionic liquid (IL) membranes in the treatment process of water containing cadmium ions (Cd(II)). The design and development of the polysulfone membranes with morphology tailored by the use of ILs (Cyphos 101 IL and Aliquat 336) was based on the rheological study of the casting solutions that dictated the optimal compositions of ILs and facilitated the preparation of the membranes for performance tests. Thus, according to the variation of the rheological functions obtained (G′, G″), it was demonstrated that Aliquat 336 has better compatibility with PSFQ, facilitating the workability of the solution and improving the final properties of the membranes relative to Cyphos 101 IL. However, the casting solutions consisting of 5 wt.% Ph-IL and 15 wt.% Am-IL content produce membranes with superior physico-chemical properties. Also, the surface chemistry and morphology analysis of the membranes obtained were investigated in order to understand the relationship between the PSFQ and ILs, as well as their surface properties, as indicators for their future applications. Additionally, the results obtained from the kinetic studies regarding Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions and the amount of Cd(II) accumulated onto the membranes showed that the ILs enhance the filtration efficiency of the membranes studied and underlined the positive effect of IL in the structure of the quaternized polysulfone membranes. A content of 15 wt.% Aliquat 336 in PSFQ membranes shows the best properties for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions; the maximum amount of Cd(II) accumulated on the membrane studied was 3300 mg/m2. This behaviour was maintained for two cycles of washing/filtration, and then the efficiency decreased by 20%. The results obtained showed that the membranes functionalized with ionic liquid could be used efficiently in the treatment of water containing trace concentration of cadmium.

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40

Barbosa, Sandro L., Adeline C. Pereira Rocha, David Lee Nelson, et al. "Catalytic Transformation of Triglycerides to Biodiesel with SiO2-SO3H and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO." Molecules 27, no. 3 (2022): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030953.

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SiO2-SO3H, with a surface area of 115 m2·g−1, pore volumes of 0.38 cm3·g−1 and 1.32 mmol H+/g, was used as a transesterification catalyst. Triglycerides of waste cooking oil reacted with methanol in refluxing toluene to yield mixtures of diglycerides, monoglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the presence of 20% (w/w) catalyst/oil using the hydrophilic sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H) catalyst alone or with the addition of 10% (w/w) co-catalyst/oil [(Bun4N)(BF4) or Aliquat 336]. The addition of the ammonium salts to the catalyst lead to a decrease in the amounts of diglycerides in the products, but the concentrations of monoglycerides increased. Mixtures of (Bun4N)(BF4)/catalyst were superior to catalyst alone or Aliquat 336/catalyst for promoting the production of mixtures with high concentrations of FAMEs. The same experiments were repeated using DMSO as the solvent. The use of the more polar solvent resulted in excellent conversion of the triglycerides to FAME esters with all three-catalyst media. A simplified mechanism is presented to account for the experimental results.

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41

Ansari, Mohd Imran, and Dineshsingh G. Thakur. "Influence of Aliquat 336 on tribological properties of electroless ternary nanocomposite coatings on AZ91 alloy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 232, no. 5 (2017): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408917731937.

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Incorporation of fine nanoparticles and cationic surfactant (Aliquat 336) within an ENi–P matrix has given a new dimension to the field of nanocomposite coatings. It describes the surface engineering processes currently used for the protection of AZ91 magnesium alloy surface against wear, including electroless nano-composite coatings. The present work aims to investigate the influence of Aliquat 336 cationic surfactant on the microhardness and tribological properties of electroless (Ni–P–ZnO) ternary alloy nanocomposite coatings on AZ91 magnesium alloy substrate from acidic bath. The results revealed that there was a significant improvement in the microhardness and wear resistance of the coated surface by the addition of cationic surfactant at a concentration of 1.5 g/L as compared to the coating obtained without the addition of cationic surfactant in the chemical bath. These results are thus clearly indicative of the fact that the component of life of members made from substrate subjected to nanocomposite coatings with varying the concentration of surfactant can be greatly improved, thereby preventing early or regular failures, and increasing service life.

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42

St John, Alexander M., Stephen P. Best, Yaodong Wang, et al. "Micrometer-Scale 2D Mapping of the Composition and Homogeneity of Polymer Inclusion Membranes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 7 (2011): 930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10458.

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A new method for determining variations in composition at the micrometer level of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) using synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectrometry is described and used to investigate the relationship between PIM composition and the reproducibility of formation of optically clear, ‘homogeneous’ polymer membranes. Membranes based on Aliquat 336 and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid and PVC, and Aliquat 336 and cellulose triacetate give highly reproducible PIMs with excellent optical properties which are chemically homogeneous on the micrometer scale. The close relationship between the spatial distribution of the extractant in the PIM and the extracted species was demonstrated by proton-induced X-ray emission microspectrometry (µ-PIXE) examination of chemically homogeneous membranes loaded with uranium. There is a high correlation between the homogeneity of the distributions of extracted uranium, polymer, and extractant, both on the surface of the PIM and over its cross-section. This approach provides a quantitative basis for the evaluation and optimization of PIMs and similar composite materials.

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43

Dinkar, A. K., Suman Kumar Singh, P. S. Dhami, P. M. Gandhi, R. Verma, and A. V. R. Reddy. "Extraction of protactinium from acid media using Aliquat 336." Separation Science and Technology 52, no. 8 (2017): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2017.1288140.

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44

Galan, Berta, Ane M. Urtiaga, Ana I. Alonso, J. Angel Irabien, and M. Inmaculada Ortiz. "Extraction of Anions with Aliquat 336: Chemical Equilibrium Modeling." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 33, no. 7 (1994): 1765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00031a015.

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45

Sahoo, H., S. S. Rath, S. K. Jena, B. K. Mishra, and B. Das. "Aliquat-336 as a novel collector for quartz flotation." Advanced Powder Technology 26, no. 2 (2015): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.12.010.

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46

Ding, H. J., Y. N. Niu, Y. B. Xu, et al. "Liquid-liquid extraction of 233Pa(V) with Aliquat 336." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 268, no. 2 (2006): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0185-7.

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47

Keshab, K. Dutta, and S. Roy U. "Extraction chromatographic studies of cadmium(II) with aliquat-336." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 79, Oct 2002 (2002): 846–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5847982.

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Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235, India <em>Fax : </em>91-0463-52672 <em>Manuscript received 26 June 2001. revised 8 April 2002, accepted 12 June 2002</em> A selective method has been developed for extraction chromatographic studies of Cd<sup>II</sup> with aliquat-336 (liquid anion exchanger) coated on silica gel as a stationary phase. Quantitative extraction of Cd<sup>II</sup> has been <em>achieved </em>with HCI at 0.05 <em>M </em>and onwards. The effects of different acids with varying concentrations, stripping agents. flow rate on extraction and elution have been investigated. Cd" has been separated from binary, ternary and quaternary mixture of various metal ions.

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48

Sarangi, K., E. Padhan, P. V. R. B. Sarma, K. H. Park, and R. P. Das. "Removal/recovery of hydrochloric acid using Alamine 336, Aliquat 336, TBP and Cyanex 923." Hydrometallurgy 84, no. 3-4 (2006): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.03.063.

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49

Atanassova, Maria, Zhanina Petkova, and Vanya Kurteva. "Aliquat 336 in Solvent Extraction Chemistry of Metallic ReO4− Anions." Molecules 29, no. 10 (2024): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102257.

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A study of the liquid–liquid extraction of ReO4− anions from hydrochloric acid solutions using the ionic liquid Aliquat 336 (QCl: trialkyl(C8–C10)methylammonium chloride) via the well-known method of slope analysis along with the determination of the process parameters is presented. This study employs CCl4, CHCl3 and C6H12 as diluents. This study was carried out at room temperature (22 ± 2) °C and an aqueous/organic volumetric ratio of unity. The ligand effect on the complexation properties of ReO4− is quantitatively assessed in different organic media. The organic extract in chloroform media is examined through 1H, 13C and 15N NMR analysis as well as the HRMS technique and UV-Vis spectroscopy in order to view the anion exchange and ligand coordination in the organic phase solution. Final conclusions are given highlighting the role of the molecular diluent in complexation processes and selectivity involving ionic liquid ligands and various metal s-, p-, d- and f-cations. ReO4− ions have shown one of the best solvent extraction behaviors compared to other ions. For instance, the Aliquat 336 derivative bearing Cl− functions shows strongly enhanced extraction as well as pronounced separation abilities towards ReO4−.

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50

Iqbal, Muzaffar, and Dipaloy Datta. "Rhodamine-B dye removal using aliquat-336 modified amberlite XAD-4 resin in fixed-bed columns in series." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 1 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.506.

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Abstract The present work reports studies on the effective removal of Rhodamine-B (RhB) using Aliquat-336 modified Amberlite XAD-4 resin in the fixed-bed columns in series. The effect of flow rate (Q = 2 to 6 mL·min−1), bed height (h = 3.5 to 7 cm) and initial RhB dye concentration (Cin = 10 to 20 mg·L−1) was studied. When a single column was used, 93% RhB dye was removed in 3 h at Q= 2 mL·min−1, Cin = 10 mg·L−1, and h = 7 cm. When three columns in series were used, almost 100% dye was removed until 80 h. The maximum breakthrough time (142 h) and saturation time (244 h) were found by keeping Q= 2 mL·min−1, h = 7 cm of each column and Cin = 10 mg·L−1. Mathematical modeling of the breakthrough curves was done by using Yoon-Nelson, Clark, Wolborska, and pore diffusion models. The Clark model best fitted the experimental data. The possible interaction mechanism between Aliquat-336 and RhB dye was proposed. The column was regenerated in continuous mode using 1 M HCl solution and maintaining a flow rate of 2 mL·min−1.

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