Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alkali Chlorides

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Alkali Chlorides'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Alkali Chlorides"

1

Gambardella, Mario, Santad Kongpricha, James J. Pitts, and Albert W. Jache. "Disproportionation of chlorine in hydrogen fluoride and related media." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 11 (1989): 1828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-283.

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Chlorine can be made to disproportionate to chlorine monofluoride and chloride, taking advantage of Le Chatelier's principle in several different ways. It will disproportionate to form insoluble silver chloride and chlorine monofluoride when silver fluoride is present. It will disproportionate in a melt of alkali metal fluorides to form alkali metal chlorides and chlorine monofluoride. The alkali metal chlorides will react with hydrogen fluoride to regenerate the metal fluorides and hydrogen chloride. Chlorine will also disproportionate in hydrogen fluoride containing antimony pentafluoride to
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WANG, Jia, and Cheng-Lin LIU. "Ionic Conductivities of Molten Alkali Metal Chloride Binary Systems by Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Simulation: Composition and Temperature Dependence." Materials Science 27, no. 3 (2021): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.23486.

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Conductivity of molten alkali metal chlorides is the foundation of molten-salt electrolysis process. In the study, equilibrium molecular dynamics was performed to investigate the ionic conductivities of the molten alkali metal chloride binary systems. The calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental results. Simple databases for conductivity have been built based on the verified algorithm. Mathematic expressions of conductivity vs. temperature & composition have also been obtained according to calculated data. Ionic conductivities of these melts exhibited positive depende
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Weng, Wubin, Tomas Leffler, Christian Brackmann, Marcus Aldén, and Zhongshan Li. "Spectrally Resolved Ultraviolet (UV) Absorption Cross-Sections of Alkali Hydroxides and Chlorides Measured in Hot Flue Gases." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 9 (2018): 1388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818763819.

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Spectrally resolved ultraviolet (UV) absorption cross-sections of gas-phase sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were measured, for the first time, in hot flue gases at different temperatures. Homogenous gas-phase NaCl, KCl (potassium chloride), NaOH, and KOH at temperatures 1200 K, 1400 K, 1600 K, and 1850 K were prepared in the post-flame zone of laminar flames by seeding nebulized droplets out of aqueous solution of corresponding alkali species. The amount of droplets seeded into the flame was kept constant, so the relative concentration of differen
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Gaune-Escard, M., A. Bogacz, L. Rycerz, and W. Szczepaniak. "Neodymium Chloride and Alkali Chlorides Mixtures: Calorimetric Investigation and Modeling." Materials Science Forum 73-75 (January 1991): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.73-75.61.

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Batyaev, I. M., S. M. Shilov, and Meiulebte Kolani. "Spectral-luminescence properties of neodymium chloride with alkali metal chlorides." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 5-6 (1992): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00663934.

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Kolobov, Artem, Vladimir Khokhlov, Alexei Potapov, and Victor Kochedykov. "Chlorine Solutions in Molten Alkali Chlorides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 3-4 (2007): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-3-414.

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Electronic absorption spectra of gaseous chlorine and their saturated solutions in molten alkali chlorides were studied in wide ranges of temperature and wavelength. It was found that gaseous chlorine has a wide absorption band between 20 000 and 43 500 cm−1. There is a tendency to both widening of the band and shifting of the absorption maximum to the short-waves region with rising temperature.The absorption bands of saturated solutions of chlorine in all molten alkali chlorides show a maximum in the neighborhood of 30 000 cm−1. A good correlation was found between the optical density of molt
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Melchers, Robert E. "Long-Term Durability of Marine Reinforced Concrete Structures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040290.

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The sustainability of reinforced concrete is critical, particularly for structures exposed to marine environments. Chlorides are implicated in causing or accelerating reinforcement corrosion and potentially earlier expensive repairs, yet there are many older reinforced concrete structures in good condition for many decades despite very high chloride levels at the reinforcement. The reasons for this are reviewed briefly, together with recent experimental work that better defines the role of chlorides. One is initiation of reinforcement corrosion but only through localized pitting at air-voids i
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Polovov, I. B., M. V. Chernyshov, V. A. Volkovich, B. D. Vasin, and T. R. Griffiths. "Vanadium Speciation in Fused Alkali Chlorides." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164, no. 8 (2017): H5139—H5144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0201708jes.

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Pettersson, J., C. Pettersson, Nicklas Folkeson, Lars Gunnar Johansson, Erik Skog, and Jan Erik Svensson. "The Influence of Sulfur Additions on the Corrosive Environments in a Waste-Fired CFB Boiler." Materials Science Forum 522-523 (August 2006): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.522-523.563.

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Corrosion/deposition field tests have been carried out in the superheater region of a commercial waste-fired 75MW CFBC boiler using air cooled probes. The influence of material temperature (450-500°C), flue gas temperature, temperature variations (i.e. thermal cycling) and additives to the fuel (elemental sulphur and dolomite) on deposition and corrosion was studied. The results presented here mainly consider the influence of sulphur additions to the fuel. The fuel was a mixture of 50% household waste and 50% industrial waste. After exposure the samples were analyzed by ESEM/EDX, XRD, AAS, FIB
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Lantelme, Frédéric, Abdeslam Barhoun, and Jean Chevalet. "Electrochemical Behavior of Solutions of Niobium Chlorides in Fused Alkali Chlorides." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 140, no. 2 (1993): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2221046.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alkali Chlorides"

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Robinson, Alex Lockwood. "Sonoluminescence for the quantitative analysis of alkali and alkaline earth chlorides /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8687.

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Fukasawa, Kazuhito. "Systematic Study on the Thermodynamic Stability of Lanthanides and Actinides in Molten Alkali and Alkaline Earth Chlorides." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157576.

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Fliyou, Mohammed. "Contribution a l'etude des excitons profonds." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13167.

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Calcul des energies de liaison des excitons profonds par le modele de polaron electronique. Ce modele tient compte des effets dynamiques de la polarisation electronique lors des excitations profondes. Identification de la structure excitonique dans le spectre d'absorption dans cucl. Determination du seuil d'absorption par comparaison avec les resultats de photoemission
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Schaal, Emmanuel. "Comportement en corrosion de matériaux métalliques commerciaux et modèles dans des conditions types UVEOM." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0192/document.

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La corrosion des échangeurs de chaleur est un problème économique et technique majeur des Unités de Valorisation Energétique de Ordures Ménagères (UVEOM). Elle est causée par l’action combinée (i) des gaz de combustion contenant notamment HCl et SO2 et (ii) des cendres riches en chlorures et sulfates alcalins, et sels de métaux lourds. Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s’inscrivent dans le projet ANR SCAPAC (n°11-RMNP-0016) et portent sur l’influence des paramètres expérimentaux (température, teneur en chlorures dans les cendres, présence de gaz corrosifs et présence de chlorures de métaux
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Leah, Robert Timothy. "Computer simulations and experimental studies of chlor-alkali electrochemical cells." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/63785.

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A numerical model has been developed, based on an implicit finite difference technique, for the solution of a set of coupled non-linear partial differential equations (based on the Nemst-Planck equation), and linear and non-linear algebraic equations. These equations govern the mass transport and homogeneous chemical reactions in a simplified membrane chlor-alkali cell anolyte compartment. Membrane chlor-alkali cells are used for the industrial production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide, by electrolysis of brine. The model has been developed in an attempt to gain insight into the very localis
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Holloway, Mark. "Corrosion of steel reinforcement in slag-based concrete." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365811.

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Fernández-Valverde, Suilma Marisela. "Echange isotopique dans des composes a valence mixte a l'etat solide." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13030.

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Ricciardelli, Thomas Edward. "An econometric model of the demand in the chlorine and alkali industries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13377.

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Ahmed, Sohan. "Experimental Studies of Barite Growth Using Hydrothermal Atomic Force Microscopy in Alkali Metal Salt Solutions at 108 C." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1567186567015893.

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Tronoff, Ashley. "Chloride abstraction from ruthenium alkyl bis-diphosphine dichlorides." Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2801.

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Doctor of Philisophy (PhD)<br>Despite their early discovery, relatively few classes of ruthenium dinitrogen complexes are known. This work describes the successful coordination of dinitrogen to the electron-rich alkylphosphine cores [RuCl(dmpe)2]+ and [RuCl(depe)2]+ by chloride abstraction from both the cis and trans dichloro derivatives. One such complex, trans-[RuCl(N2)(dmpe)2](BArF24), possesses the most activated ruthenium νNN reported to date. A variety of chloride abstraction agents were tested on the cis and trans isomers of [RuCl2(P-P)2] (P-P = dmpe, depe) with the choice of abstracti
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Books on the topic "Alkali Chlorides"

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Noble, E. G. Solubilities of chloride salts of alkali and alkaline-earth metals when sparged with hydrogen chloride. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

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McBeath, I. Status report on compliance with the chlor-alkali mercury regulations 1982-83. Industrial Programs Branch, Environmental Protection Service, 1985.

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Symposium on Electrochemical Engineering in the Chlor-Alkali and Chlorate Industries (1987 Honolulu, Hawaii). Proceedings of the Symposium on Electrochemical Engineering in the Chlor-Alkali and Chlorate Industries. Electrochemical Society, 1988.

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McBeath, I. Status report on compliance with the chlor-alkali mercury regulations 1984-85. Environment Canada, 1987.

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Paine, P. J. Compliance with chlor-alkali mercury regulations, 1986-1989: Status report. Environment Canada, 1994.

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6

Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (Turkey). Sudkostik-Klor-Klorür Asidi Alt Komisyon. Kimya Sektörü Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Sudkostik-Klor-Klorür Asidi Alt Komisyon raporu. T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, 1987.

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McBeath, I. Review of the Canadian chlor-alkali industry: Status of the industry and measures taken for the control of water pollution. The Service, 1985.

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8

W, Lorimer John, and Cohen-Adad Roger, eds. Alkali metal and ammonium chlorides in water and heavy water (binary systems). Pergamon, 1991.

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Roger, Cohen-Adad, and Lorimer John W, eds. Alkali metal and ammonium chlorides in water and heavy water (binary systems). Pergamon Press, 1991.

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(Editor), R. Cohen-Adad, and J. W. Lorimer (Editor), eds. Alkali Metal and Ammonium Chlorides in Water and Heavy Water (Binary Systems) (IUPAC Solubility Data Series). Pergamon, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alkali Chlorides"

1

Gaune-Escard, M. "Thermodynamics of niobium chlorides and mixtures with alkali chlorides." In Refractory Metals in Molten Salts. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9135-5_1.

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Breunig, H. J. "Giving SI-P Bonds by Elimination of Alkali Chlorides." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145210.ch45.

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Fukasawa, Kazuhito, Akihiro Uehara, Takayuki Nagai, Toshiyuki Fujii, and Hajimu Yamana. "Thermodynamic Stability of Nd(III) Complex in Ternary Mixtures of Molten Alkali Chlorides." In Zero-Carbon Energy Kyoto 2011. Springer Japan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54067-0_36.

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Schellkes, E., M. Holz, and W. Freyland. "High Temperature 93Nb NMR Study of Liquid NbCl5 and its Mixtures with Various Alkali Chlorides." In Refractory Metals in Molten Salts. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9135-5_5.

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Walkier, J. A. "Chlorine Safety." In Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2880-3_20.

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Harrison, J. A. "An Electrochemist’s View of Chlorine Manufacture." In Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1137-6_9.

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Guiguan, Ma. "The Progress of Chlorine Cells in China." In Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1137-6_4.

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Czarnetzki, L., and L. J. J. Janssen. "Oxidation of Chloride and Hypochlorite at Pt and RuO2 Anodes." In Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1137-6_25.

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O’Brien, Thomas F., and Ian F. White. "Design and Operation of Emergency Chlorine Absorption Systems." In Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2880-3_21.

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Ma, C. G., and M. G. Brik. "First-Principles Calculations of Structural, Elastic, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Pure and Tm2+-Doped Alkali‒Earth Chlorides MCl2 (M = Ca, Sr, and Ba)." In Phosphors, Up Conversion Nano Particles, Quantum Dots and Their Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52771-9_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alkali Chlorides"

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Ivanov, A. B., V. A. Volkovich, D. A. Poskryakov, B. D. Vasin, and T. R. Griffiths. "Electrode potentials of tungsten in fused alkali chlorides." In PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATION (PTI-2016): Proceedings of the III International Young Researchers’ Conference. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4962594.

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Tokarev, O. V., D. S. Maltsev, and V. A. Volkovich. "Electrochemical properties of gallium in molten alkali metal chlorides." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL INSTRUMENTATION AND ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0032401.

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Schofield, Keith. "Alkali Control for Gas Turbines by a Combined Hot Gas Clean-Up Approach." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60254.

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Gas turbines require very clean fuels if they are to avoid high temperature corrosion due to alkali sulfates and chlorides. Indications are that the alkali (sodium and potassium) salt levels need to be well below parts per million by volume in the hot gases and probably no more than 50 parts per billion by volume (0.01 mg/m3) for maintenance free operation. Moreover, it is the alkali that is the dominant factor and the actual concentrations of sulfur or chlorine are of minor relevance. Recently, numerous studies have shown that by using inexpensive absorbent type clay materials such as kaolin,
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Silvennoinen, Jaani, Juha Roppo, Riku-Ville Nurminen, Martti Aho, Pasi Vainikka, and Eduardo Ferrer. "Co-Combustion of Coal With RDF and Biomass: Prevention of Chlorine Deposition by Using Coal Ash Alkali Absorption Ability." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78120.

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The co-combustion of fossil fuels with CO2-neutral fuels is an attractive way both to decrease CO2 emissions in energy production and to use fuel synergies which decrease each other’s undesirable properties. This paper presents a new approach to understand and predict the chlorine deposition tendency in the co-combustion of coal with biomass and RDF. This novel approach combines the results from deposit analysis with flue gas emission measurement and advanced fuel characterization methods. The experiments were carried out in a 0.1 MW circulating fluidized bed reactor. Two different types of bi
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Cho, Yung-Zun, In-Tae Kim, Hee-Chul Yang, Hee-Chul Eun, Hwan-Seo Park, and Eung-Ho Kim. "Removal of Alkaline-Earth Elements by a Carbonate Precipitation in a Chloride Molten Salt." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7288.

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Separation of some alkaline-earth chlorides (Sr, Ba) was investigated by using carbonate injection method in LiCl-KCl eutectic and LiCl molten salts. The effects of the injected molar ratio of carbonate ([K2 (or Li2)CO3/Sr (or Ba)Cl2]) and the temperature (450–750 °C) on the conversion ratio of the Sr or Ba carbonate were determined. In addition, the form of the Sr and Ba carbonate resulting from the carbonation reaction with carbonates was identified via XRD and SEM-EDS analysis. In these experiments, the carbonate injection method can remove Sr and Ba chlorides effectively over 99% in both L
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Wood, Jonathan G. M. "Predicting Deterioration for Design and Maintenance: AAR and Chlorides." In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.352.

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In the 1980s engineers faced major challenges from severe concrete deterioration from AAR (Alkali Aggregate Reaction) and from corrosion. The construction of the Channel and Storebaelt Tunnels required major improvements in specifying concrete to combat both these problems. Anglo-Danish cooperation of consultants and research centres led to innovations in cementitious materials, assessment of aggregates, the testing of materials and predicting deterioration. Since then RILEM has provided an international framework to guide developments on AAR diagnosis, appraisal, testing and specification. Qu
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Park, Hwan-Seo, In-Tae Kim, Hwan-Young Kim, Byeung Gil Ahn, and Han-Soo Lee. "Characteristics on the SAP-Based Wasteform Containing Radioactive Molten Salt Waste." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16137.

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This study investigated a unique wasteform containing molten salt wastes which are generated from the pyro-process for the spent fuel treatment. Using a conventional sol-gel process, SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5 (SAP) inorganic material reactive to metal chlorides were prepared. By using this inorganic composite, a monolithic wasteform were sucessfully fabricated via a simple process, reaction at 650°C and sintering at 1100°C. This unique wasteform should be qualified if it meets the requirements for final disposal. For this reasons, this paper characterized its chemical durability, physical properties, mo
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Liu, Yacheng, Weidong Fan, Xiang Zhang, and Naixing Wu. "Analysis on High Temperature Corrosion Behaviors of Boiler Steels Under High-Chlorine Coal Ash." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3215.

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Chlorine is a harmful constituent in coal, contributing to severe high temperature corrosion on the super-heater and re-heater tubes in utility boiler firing high-chlorine coal (more than 0.3 wt.%). Characteristics of the corrosion contain not only the formed products on the metal surface, but also intergranular attack inner the alloy, resulting in great potential safety hazard and economic loss. The prevailing Cl-related mechanisms of high temperature corrosion involve active oxidation and fluxing, which mean both corrosive elements in the flue gas and deposits on the boiler metal surface can
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Backman, Rainer, Mikko Hupa, Matti Hiltunen, and Kari Peltola. "Interaction of the Behavior of Lead and Zinc With Alkalis in Fluidized Bed Combustion or Gasification of Waste Derived Fuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78074.

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Combustion of waste derived fuels in fluidized bed boilers may result in fly ashes containing increased amounts of lead and zinc, besides the common alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds. Although the absolute concentrations of lead and zinc may be relatively low, around 1%, in the bulk ash, they may induce unwanted effects in combustors, partly due to their significant enrichment in the fly ash. First, lead and zinc in fly ashes may lead to unwanted heavy metal emissions. Further, they can also alter the behavior of the fly ash and cause it to become sticky and possibly corrosive. This pa
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Fackrell, John E., Richard J. Tabberer, John B. Young, and Ian R. Fantom. "Modelling Alkali Salt Vapour Deposition in the British Coal Topping Cycle System." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-177.

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The British Coal Topping Cycle is a proposed advanced coal-fired power generation system in which gases derived from the coal and containing low levels of alkali vapours are passed to a gas turbine. The deposition of these vapours onto the turbine blades needs to be assessed because deposited alkali salts may accelerate corrosion and hence reduce blade lifetimes. A model for the thermochemical behaviour was derived by assuming frozen chemistry in the external and boundary layer flows, but equilibrium at the surface and within the deposit, including an allowance for non-ideal behaviour in the d
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