Relevant bibliographies by topics / Alkaline earth metal oxides

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Alkaline earth metal oxides'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Alkaline earth metal oxides"

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Broqvist, Peter, Henrik Grönbeck, and Itai Panas. "Surface properties of alkaline earth metal oxides." Surface Science 554, no. 2-3 (April 2004): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.02.014.

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Shah, M. Nazri Abu, S. Hanim Md Nor, Kamariah Noor Ismail, and Abdul Hadi. "Overview: Modification of Cerium Oxide in Three-Way Catalysts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.97.

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An overview of modification of cerium oxide, CeO2which is employed in the three-way catalyst (TWCs) is presented in this article. The modifications of cerium oxide, CeO2incorporated with the metal oxides for the improvement of thermal stability, microstructure and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) are discussed. In view of that, the types of metal oxide are grouped into transition metals, rare earth metals, and alkaline metals and the effect of each group into cerium oxide, CeO2are elaborated.
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Tavizón-Pozos, Jesús Andrés, Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel, Víctor Alejandro Suárez-Toriello, Carlos Eduardo Santolalla-Vargas, Oscar Abel Luévano-Rivas, Omar Uriel Valdés-Martínez, Alfonso Talavera-López, and Jose Antonio Rodriguez. "State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041031.

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Biodiesel produced through catalytic transesterification of triglycerides from edible and non-edible oils and alcohol is considered an alternative to traditional petro-diesel. The interest in the use of alkaline earth metal oxides as heterogeneous basic catalysts has increased due to their availability, non-toxicity, the capacity to be reused, low cost, and high concentration of surface basic sites that provide the activity. This work is a compilation of the strategies to understand the effect of the source, synthesis, and thermal treatment of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO on the improvement of the surface basic sites density and strength, the morphology of the solid structure, stability during reaction and reusability. These parameters are commonly modified or enhanced by mixing these oxides or with alkaline metals. Also, the improvement of the acid-base properties and to avoid the lixiviation of catalysts can be achieved by supporting the alkaline earth metal oxides on another oxide. Additionally, the effect of the most relevant operation conditions in oil transesterification reactions such as methanol to oil ratio, temperature, agitation method, pressure, and catalysts concentration are reviewed. This review attempts to elucidate the optimum parameters of reaction and their application in different oils.
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Saadi, A., Z. Rassoul, and M. M. Bettahar. "Reduction of benzaldehyde on alkaline earth metal oxides." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 258, no. 1-2 (October 2006): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.05.029.

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Chen, Yu-Wen, Hsueh-Ying Chen, and Wen-Fa Lin. "Basicities of alumina-supported alkaline earth metal oxides." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 65, no. 1 (September 1998): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02475319.

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Sch�n, J. C. "Enthalpy Landscapes of the Earth Alkaline Metal Oxides." Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 630, no. 13-14 (November 2004): 2354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200400289.

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Welham, N. J. "Mechanically induced reaction between alkaline earth metal oxides and TiO2." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 6 (June 1998): 1607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0221.

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This paper outlines the formation of alkaline earth metal titanates, of the general formula MTiO3, directly from the metal oxides and rutile by mechanical activation in a laboratory ball mill at room temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the reaction was essentially complete within 100 h for all metals except magnesium. The titanates formed all had a Scherrer crystallite size of 11–12 nm and a lattice strain of 0.5–0.6%, neither of which were affected by extended milling. Annealing studies confirmed that the titanate was formed during milling and showed that grain growth could be achieved at temperatures below that generally used for their formation. Mixed cation titanates could also be formed by milling, but tended to be barium rich until annealed.
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Wang, P. F., Zhi Hong Li, and Y. M. Zhu. "Influences of Alkaline-Earth Metal Oxides on the Properties of Vitrified Bond." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1405.

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Alkaline-earth metal oxides (MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO) were introduced to Na2O-B2O3-Al2O3- SiO2 vitrified bond, and their effects on the properties of the vitrified bond were investigated through the measurements of refractoriness, fluidity and bending strength. The results showed the refractoriness of the vitrified bond was reduced and the fluidity of the bond increased with the addition of alkaline earth metal oxides in the order of CaO>SrO>BaO>MgO. When 2-10wt% MgO, CaO and BaO was added into the bond respectively, the vitrified bond was relatively dense due to high viscosity, and the strength was all improved to some extent. However, when more than 4wt% SrO was added, the strength decreased sharply because of the deterioration of microstructure. It was concluded that the bending strength of the bond was affected by alkaline-earth metal oxides in the order of CaO>MgO>BaO>SrO.
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Musaeva, D., and M. Eshmuhamedov. "THE MECHANISM OF THE CONVERSIONS OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION ON POLIMETALL ADSORBTIONKATALISIS- CHEMOSORBCION SYSTEM." Technical science and innovation 2019, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.19.2.-77-0023.

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In article is considered possibility of the catalytic conversion and chemosorption of the products of the incomplete combustion on actuated oxides alkaline, alkaline earth and amphoteric metal and metal with connecting valence sufficient as iron and manganese, bring about forming the join metal at peelings of the gas flow from products of the incomplete combustion. It is determined that in process chemosorption is formed join metal, which is accumulated in time sorption-catalytic system. The studied mechanism of the oxidation of the products of the incomplete combustion on oxides alkaline, alkaline earth, amphoteric metal and metal with connecting valence, as iron and manganese containing systems. Physics-chemical and spectral analysis is installed that, at xemosorbtion of the products of the incomplete combustion ion Mn4+, Mn3+ and Fe3+ moves over to undermost valence of the condition and form to salts. It is revealed that clear industrial gas surge from products of the incomplete combustion on easy porous have eaten metallic oxides with manganese by concoction is accompanied simultaneous increase being kept in him metal in the manner of metal of the organic join
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Zhao, Shunzheng, Honghong Yi, Xiaolong Tang, Shanxue Jiang, Fengyu Gao, Bowen Zhang, Yanran Zuo, and Zhixiang Wang. "The Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide at Low Temperature: A Review." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/739501.

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Catalytic hydrolysis technology of carbonyl sulfide (COS) at low temperature was reviewed, including the development of catalysts, reaction kinetics, and reaction mechanism of COS hydrolysis. It was indicated that the catalysts are mainly involved metal oxide and activated carbon. The active ingredients which can load on COS hydrolysis catalyst include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and nanometal oxides. The catalytic hydrolysis of COS is a first-order reaction with respect to carbonyl sulfide, while the reaction order of water changes as the reaction conditions change. The controlling steps are also different because the reaction conditions such as concentration of carbonyl sulfide, reaction temperature, water-air ratio, and reaction atmosphere are different. The hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide is base-catalyzed reaction, and the force of the base site has an important effect on the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Alkaline earth metal oxides"

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Hill, Matthew Roland Chemistry Faculty of Science UNSW. "The single source chemical vapour deposition of alkaline earth metal oxide thin films." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemistry, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32903.

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Metal oxide thin films are dynamic materials that have revolutionised the nature of semiconductor and electronic thin film devices. Recently, progress has stagnated in some aspects due to the increasingly complex deposition apparatus required, and the dearth of suitable precursor complexes of certain ???difficult??? metals. This thesis seeks to address both of these issues. The application of a precursor complex, Mg6(O2CNEt2)12 to the SSCVD of MgO thin films delivered the highest quality films ever reported with this technique. The resultant films were found to be of purely (111) orientation. Due to the nature of the precursor, the chemical reactions occurring at the surface during SSCVD growth result in a high growth rate, low flux environment and films of (111) orientation have been achieved without the amorphous underlayer. This finding has important implications for buffer layers in perovskite thin film devices. The unprecedented precursor chemistry has been used as a basis for the extremely high quality material produced, along with the unusual, yet beneficial structural morphology it possesses. A new range of barium complexes with single encapsulating ligands have been prepared for use in chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of BaTiO3 thin films. A novel pathway to an unprecedented class of barium carbamates is reported, and also new dianionic bis ??-ketoesterates and their barium, strontium, and calcium analogues were synthesised. High resolution mass spectrometry showed the barium bis ??-ketoesterate derivatives to be monomeric, and preliminary testing indicated some volatility in these species. Insights were gained into the likely successful pathways to building a volatile heterobimetallic precursor complex containing an alkaline earth metal. The knowledge of intimate mixing in heterobimetallic precursor complexes was extended by some novel chemistry to develop the first mixed Zn/Mg carbamato cluster complexes. These complexes were found to be excellent SSCVD precursors for ZnxMg1-xO thin films. Thin films were deposited with these precursors and exhibited a single preferred orientation, with a constant amount of magnesium throughout the bulk of the films. Investigation of the light emission properties of the films revealed significant improvements in the structural order commensurate with the incorporation of magnesium, and the formation of the ZnxMg1-xO alloy.
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Tulyapitak, Tulyapong. "CURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLATED NITRILE RUBBER (XNBR) VULCANIZED BY ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1158067153.

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Hossain, A. "Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of complex oxides with the perovskite structure based on neodymium, alkaline earth and 3d-transition metals : dissertation for the degree of candidate of chemical sciences : 02.00.04." Thesis, б. и, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/82032.

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Malki, Mustapha. "Proprietes structurales, magnetiques et electroniques d'oxydes ternaires de terres-rares." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13143.

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Etude des composes limlno::(4), ou m = eu, sr; ln = eu, gd, dy, er, y. Mesures de susceptibilite et d'aimantation, mesures des interactions hyperfines au site des terres rares par effet moessbauer. Temperature de mise en ordre magnetique; structure cristallographique; moment magnetique; parametres de champ cristallin d'ordre 2 au site des lanthanides
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Bacher, Patrice. "Etude du profil des raies de diffraction neutronique en temps de vol utilisant un obturateur statistique : application à l'étude d'oxynitrures de structure tétraèdrique ou de type pérovskite." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10035.

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Application de l'etude du titre a deux grandes famille structurales: (1) les structures tetraedriques derivant de cele de la wuertzite (li::(1,33)ge::(1,67)on::(2); zn::(1,231)ge::(0,689)o::(0,782)n::(1,218); kgeon), (2) les structures de type perovskite (batao::(2)n, banbo::(2)n, lawo::(0,6)n::(2,4))
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Blake, Matthew Paul. "Alkaline earth- and rare earth-transition metal complexes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d14f9c15-ec66-4317-82df-04d6ba1d4899.

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This Thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of new alkaline earth- and rare earth-transition metal complexes. Experimental and computational studies were performed to investigate the structure and bonding in these complexes. Their reactivity was also studied. Chapter 1 introduces metal-metal bonded complexes and current alkaline earth- and rare earth-transition metal bonded complexes. Chapter 2 describes experimental and computational studies of new alkaline earth- and lanthanide-Fe complexes possessing the [CpFe(CO)2]- anion. Chapter 3 presents experimental studies of the reduction of Fe3(CO)12 with Ca. Chapter 4 describes experimental and computational studies of new alkaline earth- and lanthanide-Co complexes containing the [Co(CO)3(PR3)]- anion. Chapter 5 presents full experimental procedures and characterising data for the new complexes reported. Appendix describes the attempted synthesis of [Ca{CpRu(CO)2}2(THF)x]y and study by DFT of [CaRp2(THF)3]2 CD Appendix contains .cif files for all new crystallographically characterised complexes described.
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Protheroe, A. R. "Electron energy loss spectroscopy of some alkaline earth oxides." Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377302.

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Rees, David Alan. "Synthesis of alkaline earth transition metal sulfides." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311775.

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Malassis, Marc. "Preparation d'hexaferrite de baryum pour l'enregistrement magnetique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13168.

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Mise au point d'un procede necessitant la construction d'un four basculant de grande capacite. Role cle joue par l'anhydride borique. Le monoferrite de ba prepare par coprecipitation reagit avec b::(2)o::(3) en donnant d'abord une phase amorphe
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Bekka, Ahmed. "Etude cristallographique et magnétique de nouveaux ferrites de type [béta]" [A(y)B(n+)((1-y)/n)] (1+x) Zn (x) Fe(11-x) O17 (x [à peu près égal à] 0,9) avec A,B = Li, Na, K, Ag, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10138.

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Preparation sous forme de monocristaux et de polycristaux de na::(4,2) k::(1,8) fe::(30) me::(3) o::(51) (me = zn, mg, cu). Determination de la structure cristalline, et mesures de conductivite ionique, d'aimantation, determination des temperatures de curie et des constantes d'anisotropie magnetocristalline. Substitution partielle des cations na et k par li, na, k, ag, ca, sr, ba, pb. Caracterisation par diffraction rx, microscopie a balayage et a transmission
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Books on the topic "Alkaline earth metal oxides"

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Harder, Sjoerd, ed. Alkaline-Earth Metal Compounds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5.

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Berezhnoĭ, A. S. Mnogokomponentnye shchelochnye oksidnye sistemy. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1988.

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F, Lappert M., ed. Metal amide chemistry. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2008.

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Han, Qiyong. Rare earth, alkaline earth and other elements in metallurgy. Tokyo: Japan Technical Information Service, 1998.

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Lange, Norbert. Schwingungsspektroskopische Untersuchungen an Erdalkali- und Übergangsmetallhalogenaten. Rheinfelden: Schäuble, 1992.

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Noble, E. G. Solubilities of chloride salts of alkali and alkaline-earth metals when sparged with hydrogen chloride. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

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Gregory, A. E. Studies leading to the development of an optical sensor for alkaline earth metal ions based on porphyrins. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Organization, World Health, ed. Calcium and magnesium in drinking-water: Public health significance. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2009.

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Anoop, Kelkar, and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, eds. Validation of ION chromatography for the determination of transition metal IONs along with alkali, alkaline earth metal elements for uranium oxide fuel. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2009.

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Anoop, Kelkar, and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, eds. Validation of ION chromatography for the determination of transition metal IONs along with alkali, alkaline earth metal elements for uranium oxide fuel. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Alkaline earth metal oxides"

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Wang, P. F., Zhi Hong Li, and Y. M. Zhu. "Influences of Alkaline-Earth Metal Oxides on the Properties of Vitrified Bond." In High-Performance Ceramics V, 1405–7. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.1405.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Alkaline-Earth Metal." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_428.

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Böning, Dieter, Michael I. Lindinger, Damian M. Bailey, Istvan Berczi, Kameljit Kalsi, José González-Alonso, David J. Dyck, et al. "Alkaline Earth Metal." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_4044.

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Gasik, Mikhail, Viktor Dashevskii, and Aitber Bizhanov. "Alkaline Earth Metal Ferroalloys." In Ferroalloys, 219–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57502-1_12.

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Torvisco, Ana, and Karin Ruhlandt-Senge. "Heavy Alkaline-Earth Metal Organometallic and Metal Organic Chemistry: Synthetic Methods and Properties." In Alkaline-Earth Metal Compounds, 1–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5_1.

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Westerhausen, Matthias, Jens Langer, Sven Krieck, Reinald Fischer, Helmar Görls, and Mathias Köhler. "Heavier Group 2 Grignard Reagents of the Type Aryl-Ae(L) n -X (Post-Grignard Reagents)." In Alkaline-Earth Metal Compounds, 29–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5_2.

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Jones, Cameron, and Andreas Stasch. "Stable Molecular Magnesium(I) Dimers: A Fundamentally Appealing Yet Synthetically Versatile Compound Class." In Alkaline-Earth Metal Compounds, 73–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5_3.

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Mulvey, Robert E., and Stuart D. Robertson. "Modern Developments in Magnesium Reagent Chemistry for Synthesis." In Alkaline-Earth Metal Compounds, 103–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5_4.

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Carpentier, Jean-François, and Yann Sarazin. "Alkaline-Earth Metal Complexes in Homogeneous Polymerization Catalysis." In Alkaline-Earth Metal Compounds, 141–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5_5.

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Crimmin, Mark R., and Michael S. Hill. "Homogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Complexes of Group 2." In Alkaline-Earth Metal Compounds, 191–241. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36270-5_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Alkaline earth metal oxides"

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Ekimova, Irina, Tamara Minakova, and Tatyana Ogneva. "Phisicochemistry of alkaline-earth metals oxides surface." In ADVANCED MATERIALS IN TECHNOLOGY AND CONSTRUCTION (AMTC-2015): Proceedings of the II All-Russian Scientific Conference of Young Scientists “Advanced Materials in Technology and Construction”. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937869.

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Atibeh, Ehsan Abbasi, and Ahmet Yozgatligil. "Combustion Characteristics of Biomass Ash and Lignite Blend Under Oxy-Fuel Conditions." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65182.

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In this study an attempt was done to profoundly explore the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors and emission characteristics of lignite samples in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 (oxy-fuel conditions) ambients. A special focus was allocated to the effects of three inorganic materials, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) on combustion characteristics of Turkish lignite using non-isothermal Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique combined with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the effects of ambient gases and various oxygen mole fractions were considered. Eventually the co-processing combustion tests of lignite and the ash contents of different biomass fuels were investigated and the possible way of using biomass as a potential source of inexpensive catalysts in combustion processes were discussed. Co-processing combustion tests of lignite and biomass ash contents indicated that the hazelnut shell and walnut shell ash contents were significantly effective in increasing the char reactivity of lignite due to high concentration of potassium based oxides during combustion tests carried out in both air and 30% O2 in CO2 ambients. Furthermore the catalytic reactivity of wheat straw and cattle manure ash contents were observed in the second region of combustion regarding volatile matter release and combustion in both air and 30% O2 in CO2 ambients. These results are thought to be due to high concentrations of Alkali and Alkaline earth metals existed in the impregnated lignite samples with wheat straw and cattle manure ash contents and especially Na-based oxides in the cattle manure form. Finally in the case of lignite sample impregnated with saw dust ash content, it was observed that the impregnated lignite was significantly more reactive in devolatalization process in 30% O2 in CO2 ambients. These results revealed that the ash contents of walnut and hazelnut shell biomass fuels can be used as a potential source of inexpensive K-based catalysts in the co-processing of coal and biomass ash. Furthermore high concentrations of Alkali and Alkaline earth metals existed in the ash contents of biomass fuels like wheat straw, cattle manure and saw dust can make them suitable sources of inexpensive catalysts and develop a step forward in economic aspects of catalytic coal combustion.
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Backman, Rainer, Mikko Hupa, Matti Hiltunen, and Kari Peltola. "Interaction of the Behavior of Lead and Zinc With Alkalis in Fluidized Bed Combustion or Gasification of Waste Derived Fuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78074.

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Combustion of waste derived fuels in fluidized bed boilers may result in fly ashes containing increased amounts of lead and zinc, besides the common alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds. Although the absolute concentrations of lead and zinc may be relatively low, around 1%, in the bulk ash, they may induce unwanted effects in combustors, partly due to their significant enrichment in the fly ash. First, lead and zinc in fly ashes may lead to unwanted heavy metal emissions. Further, they can also alter the behavior of the fly ash and cause it to become sticky and possibly corrosive. This paper discusses the mechanism of volatilization of lead and zinc and stickiness properties of their fly ash compounds under different conditions, based on data from a FBC gasifier using waste fuels with significant amounts of lead and zinc. Advanced thermochemical calculations using the data bases developed at A˚bo Akademi show that both lead and zinc can form volatile compounds and thus be strongly enriched in the fly ash. They can be volatilized as elemental gases, Pb(g) and Zn(g), or they can form gaseous chlorides, PbCl2(g) and ZnCl2(g). But they can also form non-volatile oxides. Thus their behavior is very dependent on the combustion conditions, particularly on the availability of chlorine. This way there is also a direct coupling of the volatilization behavior of lead and zinc with the chemistry of the alkali metals and calcium, all of which govern the availability of chlorine. Simplified thermochemical diagrams are shown to explain the complex interaction of the lead and zinc chemistry with the rest of the flue gas and fly ash chemistry. The thermochemical data can be used to explain the practical results from full scale boilers.
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Vesely, Andreas. "Processes for the Treatment of NORM and TENORM." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4623.

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By contract with the Austrian government, the ARC is treating radioactive waste from research institutions and industries. In the last years, one focus was the development of processes for the treatment of NORM and TENORM. Our goal in developing such processes is to recycle valuable compounds for further industrial usage and to concentrate the radioactive elements as far as possible, to save space in the waste storage facilities. Austria is an important producer of tungsten-thoria- and tungsten-molybdenum-thoria-cermets. Scrap is generated during the production process in the form of turnings and grinding sludge and dust. Although big efforts have been undertaken to replace Thorium compounds, waste streams from past production processes are still waiting for treatment. The total amount of this waste stored in Austria may be estimated to be approx. 100 tons. In close co-operation with the tungsten industries, recycling processes were tested and further developed at ARC in laboratory, bench scale and pilot plants. Three different approaches to solve the problem were studied: Dissolution of tungsten in molten iron in an arc or induction furnace, thus producing an Fe-W or Fe-W-Mo alloy. Slag is produced upon the addition of lime and clay. This slag extracts nearly all of the Thorium contained in the metal melt. Selective dissolution of Tungsten in aqueous alkaline medium after oxidation of the metal to the hexavalent state by heating the scrap in air at temperatures of 500°C to 600°C. The resulting oxides are treated with sodium hydroxide solution. Tungsten and Molybdenum oxides are readily dissolved, while Thorium oxide together with silicon and aluminum compounds remain insoluble and are separated by filtration. Sodium tungstate solution is further processed by the usual hydrometallurgical tungsten mill process. Oxidation and dissolution of Tungsten can be achieved in one step by an electrochemical process. Thus, thoriated Tungsten scrap is used as an anode in an electrolysis cell, while sodium hydroxide or ammonia serve as electrolyte. After dissolution of Tungsten, the solids are separated from the liquid by filtration. With the electrochemical process, treatment of Tungsten-Thoria scrap can be achieved with high throughput in rather small reactors at moderate temperatures and ordinary pressure. The Tungsten solution exhibits high purity. Another process which we examined in detail is the separation of radium from rare earth compounds. Radium was separated by co-precipitation with barium sulfate from rare earth chloride solutions. The efficiency of the separation is strongly pH-dependent. Again, the valuable rare earth compound can be reused, and the radioactive elements are concentrated.
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Xinglei, Hu. "Experiment and Mechanism Study on the Effect of Coal Ash on the Capture of Alkali Metals in Zhundong Coal." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3570.

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A large number of Xinjiang Zhundong coal was found in China. Its high content of alkali metals can cause serious fouling/slagging problems which may lead to economic losses. It is significant to control the release of alkali metals from Zhundong coal during the combustion. Si-Al additives are used to capture Na released from the Zhundong coal. In this work, a combination of experimental research and quantum chemical calculation was used to study the effect of coal ash on the capture of alkali metal in Zhundong high alkali Coal and the related mineral evolution mechanism during melting processes. The experiments were done with Zhundong coal/coal ash mixtures at 900–1200°C. The behavior mechanism of coal ash capturing alkali metals was analyzed from the perspective of mineral microstructure features by using XRD, ICP and quantum chemical calculation methods. The results show that during the process of combustions, complex chemical reactions occur among minerals after sodium is released from the coal and captured by the coal ash. The coal ash’s ability to capture sodium in Zhundong high alkali coal rises firstly, and then gradually decreases with the rise of temperature. It shows the best capture performance for sodium at 1000∼1100°C. The maximum efficiency of sodium absorption can reach to 50.6%. The coal ash shows a rather high efficiency compared with other additives. Furthermore, metals in Zhundong coal have opposite directions of migration. The Na, K, Al, Ca, and Mg migrated to the coal ash far away from the reaction interface, and the Fe and Mn were moved to the coal from the reaction interface. The original minerals of Zhundong coal mainly include calcium sulfate hydrate, quartz and kaolinite. Investigating the capture mechanism, it indicates that O (26) and O (22) in kaolinite have electrophilic reaction with Na+ and K+ easily, which would promote the rupture of aluminum-oxygen bonds. The O2- of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide would easily have nucleophilic reaction with Si (6) and Si (8) and prompt the rupture of bridging oxygen bonds (Si-O-Si). Kaolinite would be transformed into some other minerals that contains Na+ or K+ which have trend to form eutectics or evaporate into the flue gas easily, the degree of fouling and slagging on heating surface can be reduced based on these two most easily reaction paths.
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McLeod, John A., Robert J. Green, Nikolay A. Skorikov, L. D. Finkelstein, Mahmoud Abu-Samak, Ernst Z. Kurmaev, and Alexander Moewes. "Valence structure of alkaline and post-transition metal oxides." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Ferechteh H. Teherani, David C. Look, and David J. Rogers. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.881181.

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Kazantsev, S. O., and A. S. Lozhkomoev. "Synthesis of nanostructured composites based on alumina oxide and alkaline earth metals." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS. MATERIALS WITH MULTILEVEL HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0034405.

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Sharma, Prerana, Saligram Verma, Arvind Jain, and Netram Kaurav. "Theoretical analysis of the structural phase transition in alkaline earth oxides." In PROF. DINESH VARSHNEY MEMORIAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS: NCPCM 2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5098673.

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Rokni, Emad, Hsun Hsien Chi, and Yiannis A. Levendis. "In-Furnace Sulfur Capture by Co-Firing Coal With Alkali-Based Sorbents." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65549.

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Over the last quarter of a century, since the 1990 US Clean Air Act Amendments were enacted the gaseous sulfur emission, in the form of sulfur dioxide, have been reduced [1] by a factor of 4, by switching to lower sulfur content coals, installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sorbents or switching altogether to natural gas as a fuel. Penetration of alternative energy generation also has had a positive impact. However, current emissions of sulfur dioxide are still voluminous, amounting to 3,242,000 short tons annually in the USA [2]. As wet flue gas desulfurization is both real-estate- and capital-intensive, infurnace dry sorbent injection has been considered over the years to be a viable alternative. However there is still uncertainty on the best selection of the sorbents for particular coals and furnace operating conditions. This is particularly the case when it is economically attractive for the power-plant operator to burn locally-sourced high-sulfur coal, such as the case of Illinois bituminous coals. This manuscript presents experimental results on the reduction of sulfur oxide emissions from combustion of a high-sulfur content pulverized bituminous coal (Illinois #6 Macoupin). The coal particles were in the size range of 90–125 μm and were blended with dry calcium-, sodium-, potassium-, and magnesium-containing powdered sorbents at different proportions. The alkali/S molar ratios were chosen to be at stoichiometric proportions (Ca/S = 1, Mg/S = 1, Na2/S = 2, and K2/S = 2) and the effectiveness of each alkali or alkali earth based sorbent was evaluated separately. Combustion of coal took place in a drop-tube furnace, electrically-heated to 1400 K under fuel-lean conditions. The evolution of combustion effluent gases, such as NOx, SO2 and CO2 were monitored and compared among the different sorbent cases. The use of these sorbents helps to resolve the potential of different alkali metals for effective in-furnace sulfur oxide capture and possible NOx reduction. It also assesses the effectiveness of various chemical compounds of the alkalis, such as oxides, carbonates, peroxides and acetates.
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Loya, Sudarshan, and Christopher Depcik. "Modifying the Classical 1D Catalyst Model to Include Axial Conduction and Diffusion." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85740.

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Lean NOx Trap (LNT) catalytic aftertreatment devices are one potential option for the reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the exhaust of Compression Ignition engines. They work through a controlled modulation between a storage phase that captures NOx over an alkali earth metal and a regeneration phase that reduces the stored nitrates on the surface using a rich pulse of injected fuel or via stoichiometric engine operation. This rich phase has an associated fuel penalty while being relatively difficult to control through temperature and chemical species. In order to improve system efficiency, a number of researchers have proposed dual leg LNT systems using two LNTs, of which one is always storing while the other is undergoing regeneration. The majority of the exhaust flows through the storage LNT while only a small fraction (low space velocity) advects across the regeneration LNT. This increases the regeneration residence time, improving effectiveness and decreasing the amount of fuel used. From an LNT simulation standpoint, most researchers utilize the classical one-dimensional (1D) aftertreatment model constructed from the Euler equations of motion that neglects axial conduction and diffusion. This paper explores the applicability of this model under low flow situations prevalent in a dual leg LNT system through a carbon monoxide light-off experiment. The authors chose this type of experiment in order to focus purely on fluid mechanics and not the choice of LNT reaction mechanism. The results suggest that a Navier-Stokes (N-S) version of the 1D aftertreatment model is preferred for the regeneration leg of a dual LNT system. Moreover, the authors provide the solution of such a model within this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Alkaline earth metal oxides"

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Fedoseev, A. M., N. N. Krot, N. A. Budantseva, A. A. Bessonov, M. V. Nikonov, M. S. Grigoriev, A. Y. Garnov, V. P. Perminov, and L. N. Astafurova. Interaction of Pu(IV,VI) hydroxides/oxides with metal hydroxides/oxides in alkaline media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/665966.

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Chase, M. W. Thermodynamic properties of the alkaline earth metal hydroxides (MOH) I:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.1243.

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Chen, Y. (Prospect for wavelength tunable lasers based on vacancy defects in alkaline-earth oxides). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5418910.

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S.E. Ziemniak. Solubility Behavior and Phase Stability of Transition Metal Oxides in Alkaline Hydrothermal Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821298.

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Fondeur, F. F. The Effect of Alkaline Earth Metal on the Cesium Loading of Ionsiv(R) IE-910 and IE-911. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/773568.

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