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Journal articles on the topic 'Alkaline earth metal oxides'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Broqvist, Peter, Henrik Grönbeck, and Itai Panas. "Surface properties of alkaline earth metal oxides." Surface Science 554, no. 2-3 (April 2004): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.02.014.

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2

Shah, M. Nazri Abu, S. Hanim Md Nor, Kamariah Noor Ismail, and Abdul Hadi. "Overview: Modification of Cerium Oxide in Three-Way Catalysts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.97.

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An overview of modification of cerium oxide, CeO2which is employed in the three-way catalyst (TWCs) is presented in this article. The modifications of cerium oxide, CeO2incorporated with the metal oxides for the improvement of thermal stability, microstructure and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) are discussed. In view of that, the types of metal oxide are grouped into transition metals, rare earth metals, and alkaline metals and the effect of each group into cerium oxide, CeO2are elaborated.
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3

Tavizón-Pozos, Jesús Andrés, Gerardo Chavez-Esquivel, Víctor Alejandro Suárez-Toriello, Carlos Eduardo Santolalla-Vargas, Oscar Abel Luévano-Rivas, Omar Uriel Valdés-Martínez, Alfonso Talavera-López, and Jose Antonio Rodriguez. "State of Art of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Catalysts Used in the Transesterification of Oils for Biodiesel Production." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041031.

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Biodiesel produced through catalytic transesterification of triglycerides from edible and non-edible oils and alcohol is considered an alternative to traditional petro-diesel. The interest in the use of alkaline earth metal oxides as heterogeneous basic catalysts has increased due to their availability, non-toxicity, the capacity to be reused, low cost, and high concentration of surface basic sites that provide the activity. This work is a compilation of the strategies to understand the effect of the source, synthesis, and thermal treatment of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO on the improvement of the surface basic sites density and strength, the morphology of the solid structure, stability during reaction and reusability. These parameters are commonly modified or enhanced by mixing these oxides or with alkaline metals. Also, the improvement of the acid-base properties and to avoid the lixiviation of catalysts can be achieved by supporting the alkaline earth metal oxides on another oxide. Additionally, the effect of the most relevant operation conditions in oil transesterification reactions such as methanol to oil ratio, temperature, agitation method, pressure, and catalysts concentration are reviewed. This review attempts to elucidate the optimum parameters of reaction and their application in different oils.
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4

Saadi, A., Z. Rassoul, and M. M. Bettahar. "Reduction of benzaldehyde on alkaline earth metal oxides." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 258, no. 1-2 (October 2006): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2006.05.029.

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5

Chen, Yu-Wen, Hsueh-Ying Chen, and Wen-Fa Lin. "Basicities of alumina-supported alkaline earth metal oxides." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 65, no. 1 (September 1998): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02475319.

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6

Sch�n, J. C. "Enthalpy Landscapes of the Earth Alkaline Metal Oxides." Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 630, no. 13-14 (November 2004): 2354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200400289.

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7

Welham, N. J. "Mechanically induced reaction between alkaline earth metal oxides and TiO2." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 6 (June 1998): 1607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0221.

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This paper outlines the formation of alkaline earth metal titanates, of the general formula MTiO3, directly from the metal oxides and rutile by mechanical activation in a laboratory ball mill at room temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the reaction was essentially complete within 100 h for all metals except magnesium. The titanates formed all had a Scherrer crystallite size of 11–12 nm and a lattice strain of 0.5–0.6%, neither of which were affected by extended milling. Annealing studies confirmed that the titanate was formed during milling and showed that grain growth could be achieved at temperatures below that generally used for their formation. Mixed cation titanates could also be formed by milling, but tended to be barium rich until annealed.
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8

Wang, P. F., Zhi Hong Li, and Y. M. Zhu. "Influences of Alkaline-Earth Metal Oxides on the Properties of Vitrified Bond." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1405.

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Alkaline-earth metal oxides (MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO) were introduced to Na2O-B2O3-Al2O3- SiO2 vitrified bond, and their effects on the properties of the vitrified bond were investigated through the measurements of refractoriness, fluidity and bending strength. The results showed the refractoriness of the vitrified bond was reduced and the fluidity of the bond increased with the addition of alkaline earth metal oxides in the order of CaO>SrO>BaO>MgO. When 2-10wt% MgO, CaO and BaO was added into the bond respectively, the vitrified bond was relatively dense due to high viscosity, and the strength was all improved to some extent. However, when more than 4wt% SrO was added, the strength decreased sharply because of the deterioration of microstructure. It was concluded that the bending strength of the bond was affected by alkaline-earth metal oxides in the order of CaO>MgO>BaO>SrO.
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9

Musaeva, D., and M. Eshmuhamedov. "THE MECHANISM OF THE CONVERSIONS OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION ON POLIMETALL ADSORBTIONKATALISIS- CHEMOSORBCION SYSTEM." Technical science and innovation 2019, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.19.2.-77-0023.

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In article is considered possibility of the catalytic conversion and chemosorption of the products of the incomplete combustion on actuated oxides alkaline, alkaline earth and amphoteric metal and metal with connecting valence sufficient as iron and manganese, bring about forming the join metal at peelings of the gas flow from products of the incomplete combustion. It is determined that in process chemosorption is formed join metal, which is accumulated in time sorption-catalytic system. The studied mechanism of the oxidation of the products of the incomplete combustion on oxides alkaline, alkaline earth, amphoteric metal and metal with connecting valence, as iron and manganese containing systems. Physics-chemical and spectral analysis is installed that, at xemosorbtion of the products of the incomplete combustion ion Mn4+, Mn3+ and Fe3+ moves over to undermost valence of the condition and form to salts. It is revealed that clear industrial gas surge from products of the incomplete combustion on easy porous have eaten metallic oxides with manganese by concoction is accompanied simultaneous increase being kept in him metal in the manner of metal of the organic join
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10

Zhao, Shunzheng, Honghong Yi, Xiaolong Tang, Shanxue Jiang, Fengyu Gao, Bowen Zhang, Yanran Zuo, and Zhixiang Wang. "The Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide at Low Temperature: A Review." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/739501.

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Catalytic hydrolysis technology of carbonyl sulfide (COS) at low temperature was reviewed, including the development of catalysts, reaction kinetics, and reaction mechanism of COS hydrolysis. It was indicated that the catalysts are mainly involved metal oxide and activated carbon. The active ingredients which can load on COS hydrolysis catalyst include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, and nanometal oxides. The catalytic hydrolysis of COS is a first-order reaction with respect to carbonyl sulfide, while the reaction order of water changes as the reaction conditions change. The controlling steps are also different because the reaction conditions such as concentration of carbonyl sulfide, reaction temperature, water-air ratio, and reaction atmosphere are different. The hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide is base-catalyzed reaction, and the force of the base site has an important effect on the hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide.
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11

Xiao, Zhuo Hao, An Xian Lu, and Fei Lu. "Relationship between the Thermal Expansion Coefficient and the Composition for R2O-MO-Al2O3-SiO2 System Glass." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.65.

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The R2O-MO- Al2O3-SiO2 system glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technology. The composition mass fraction range of the glass is SiO2 (55%∼65%), MgO (0%∼15.2%), CaO (0%∼15.2%), SrO (0%∼15.2%), BaO (0%∼15.2%), Na2O (0%∼15.6%), K2O (0%∼15.6%). The relationship between the composition and the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass was investigated by comparing the thermal expansion coefficients of the glasses with different chemical composition. The results show that the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass increases sharply with the increase of alkali-metal oxide content and when K+, Na+ and Li+ exist simultaneously in the structure of the glass, the complex “mixed alkali effect” can be observed from the composition–thermal expansion coefficient curve. When introducing different kind but same quantity alkaline-earth metal oxide, the thermal expansion coefficient of the glasses increased obviously with the rising of the radius of alkaline-earth metal ions but the “mixed alkali effects” can also be observed for the glasses containing a few kinds of alkaline-earth metal oxides.
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12

Choi, Goune, and Bonjae Koo. "Research Trends in Development of Highly Active Single Metal Oxide Catalyst for Oxidative Coupling of Methane." Ceramist 24, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2021.24.4.05.

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The conversion of methane to a value-added chemical is important for methane utilization and industrial demand for primary chemicals. Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons is one of the most attractive ways to use natural gas. However, it is difficult to obtain higher C2 yield in classic OCM reaction due to a favorable COx formation. Regarding this, various catalysts for OCM have been studied to fulfill desirable C2 yields. In this review, we briefly overview the single metal oxide types of OCM catalysts (alkaline-earth metal oxides and rare-earth metal oxides) and highlight the characteristics of catalysts in OCM reaction such as methane activation, surface basicity and lattice oxygen.
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13

Matveeva, Ekaterina, Elena Sharova, Alexander Turanov, Vasilii Karandashev, and Irina Odinets. "Extraction properties of β-aminophosphine oxides towards lanthanides and alkaline earth metals." Open Chemistry 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 1933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0124-0.

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AbstractThe investigation of the extraction properties of a series of polyoligodentate β-aminophosphine oxides 1–8 bearing from one to six phosphine oxide groups in a molecule towards Ln(III) and alkaline earth metals ions from neutral media has revealed that, using common diluents, the extraction efficiency increases with an increase of a number of P=O functions in a ligand. The addition of ionic liquid, namely 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([bmim][NTf2]), significantly increasing the extraction efficiency and application of IL concentration of 0.05 M (in 1,2-dichloroethane) providing the maximum recovery of metal ions with Lu/La separation factor reaching up to 91. Hexapodal tris[bis(2-diphenylphosphorylethyl)aminoethyl]amine 8 demonstrates the highest extraction under all conditions applied and the separation factor for U and Eu of this compound exceeded 103.
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14

Dadsetani, M., and R. Beiranvand. "Optical properties of alkaline-earth metal oxides from first principles." Solid State Sciences 11, no. 12 (December 2009): 2099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2009.08.018.

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15

Weckhuysen, Bert M., Gerhard Mestl, Michael P. Rosynek, Thomas R. Krawietz, James F. Haw, and Jack H. Lunsford. "Destructive Adsorption of Carbon Tetrachloride on Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 102, no. 19 (May 1998): 3773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp980185k.

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16

Matsukata, Masahiko, Shinya Sekine, Kenichiro Kobayashi, Eiichi Kikuchi, and Yoshiro Morita. "Hexane—carbon dioxide reaction catalyzed by alkaline earth metal oxides." Applied Catalysis 41 (July 1988): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)80392-9.

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17

Michailovski, Alexej, Michael Wörle, Denis Sheptyakov, and Greta R. Patzke. "Hydrothermal synthesis of anisotropic alkali and alkaline earth vanadates." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 1 (January 2007): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0002.

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In the course of a systematic field study, anisotropic alkali and alkaline earth vanadates have been accessed through a straightforward, one-step hydrothermal process. They are formed quantitatively from V2O5 and alkali- or alkaline earth halide solutions after a few days of autoclave treatment in the temperature range between 100 and 220 °C. The presence of ionic additives leads to an interplay between the formation of isotropic crystalline phases and the production of fibrous oxide materials, such as a novel magnesium vanadate. The influence of the hydrothermal parameters and of the alkali/alkaline earth halides on the emerging phases and morphologies has been investigated in the course of a systematic study. The results are compared with other vanadate- and transition metal oxide-based hydrothermal systems, and the emerging trends are discussed with respect to the development of predictive synthetic concepts for nanostructured vanadium oxides.
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18

Li, Yuwei, David J. Singh, Mao-Hua Du, Qiaoling Xu, Lijun Zhang, Weitao Zheng, and Yanming Ma. "Design of ternary alkaline-earth metal Sn(ii) oxides with potential good p-type conductivity." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 20 (2016): 4592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc00996d.

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19

Chen, Qin, Yanan Chong, Mumin Rao, Ming Su, and Yongcai Qiu. "Boosting Electrochemical Performance of Hematite Nanorods via Quenching-Induced Alkaline Earth Metal Ion Doping." Processes 9, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071102.

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Ion doping in transition metal oxides is always considered to be one of the most effective methods to obtain high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors because of the introduction of defective surfaces as well as the enhancement of electrical conductivity. Inspired by the smelting process, an ancient method, quenching is introduced for doping metal ions into transition metal oxides with intriguing physicochemical properties. Herein, as a proof of concept, α-Fe2O3 nanorods grown on carbon cloths (α-Fe2O3@CC) heated at 400 °C are rapidly put into different aqueous solutions of alkaline earth metal salts at 4 °C to obtain electrodes doped with different alkaline earth metal ions (M-Fe2O3@CC). Among them, Sr-Fe2O3@CC shows the best electrochemical capacitance, reaching 77.81 mF cm−2 at the current of 0.5 mA cm−2, which is 2.5 times that of α-Fe2O3@CC. The results demonstrate that quenching is a feasible new idea for improving the electrochemical performances of nanostructured materials.
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20

Ahmad, Yahia H., Assem T. Mohamed, A. Kumar, and Siham Y. Al-Qaradawi. "Solution combustion synthesis of Ni/La2O3 for dry reforming of methane: tuning the basicity via alkali and alkaline earth metal oxide promoters." RSC Advances 11, no. 53 (2021): 33734–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra05511a.

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21

Bakare, Idris A., Oki Muraza, Masato Yoshioka, Zain H. Yamani, and Toshiyuki Yokoi. "Conversion of methanol to olefins over Al-rich ZSM-5 modified with alkaline earth metal oxides." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 21 (2016): 7852–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy00867d.

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22

An, Yunlei, Tiejun Lin, Fei Yu, Kun Gong, Xinxing Wang, Xinzhen Qi, Dong Lv, Yuhan Sun, and Liangshu Zhong. "Effects of alkaline-earth metals on CoMn-based catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis to olefins." Catalysis Science & Technology 12, no. 8 (2022): 2677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cy00268j.

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Alkaline-earth metal promoted CoMn catalysts with higher surface basicity benefit the carburization of CoMn oxides to form more Co2C nanoprisms for olefin formation, especially for long-chain olefins.
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23

Aljama, Hassan, Jens K. Nørskov, and Frank Abild-Pedersen. "Tuning Methane Activation Chemistry on Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides by Doping." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 39 (September 7, 2018): 22544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06682.

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24

Hofmann, P., and E. Knözinger. "Surface properties of gas phase deposited mixed earth alkaline metal oxides." Il Nuovo Cimento D 19, no. 11 (November 1997): 1687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03185364.

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25

Fuger, J. "Thermochemistry of the alkali metal and alkaline earth-actinide complex oxides." Journal of Nuclear Materials 130 (February 1985): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(85)90314-9.

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26

Rao, K. Balakoteswara, and K. S. Gandhi. "Ionomeric interpretation of thickening of polyesters by alkaline earth metal oxides." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23, no. 8 (August 1985): 2135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170230806.

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27

Ha, Seong Ho, Young Ok Yoon, Nam Seok Kim, Sung Hwan Lim, and Shae K. Kim. "Oxide Scale Behavior and its Effect on Oxidation Resistance in Al Alloys Containing Alkaline Earth Metal Elements." Defect and Diffusion Forum 380 (November 2017): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.380.120.

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Oxide scale behaviors by surface segregation of Mg, Ca and Be in Al and their effects on oxidation resistance at melt temperature were investigated. With the addition of Ca and Be in Al-7.5mass%Mg alloy, the samples showed a suppressed weight gain. However, in the initial oxidation, Ca added samples exhibited improved oxidation resistance. As a result of oxide layer observation by microscopy, Ca added Al-7.5mass%Mg alloy exhibited the region overlapped by constituent elements, indicating multi-element oxide is formed on the surface. In the oxidation of Al-Mg-Be system, BeO is formed as primary oxide and mixed layer with MgO, while Ca addition in Al-Mg system causes no change in the primary and secondary oxides, but formation of CaMg2Al16O27. BeO and BeAl2O4may contribute to balanced layer by combination between constituent oxides in the Al-Mg-Be system. In the case of Ca addition, CaMg2Al16O27acts as a filler of the cracks in MgO layer.
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28

Morss, Lester R., David C. Sonnenberger, and R. J. Thorn. "Thermochemistry of rare-earth-metal-alkaline-earth-metal-copper oxide superconductors." Inorganic Chemistry 27, no. 12 (June 1988): 2106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00285a019.

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29

Li, Haoxin, Xiaolin Zhao, Yining Li, Yang Gan, Wujie Qiu, Jifen Wang, and Jianjun Liu. "Alkaline-earth metal substitution stabilizes the anionic redox of Li-rich oxides." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 16 (2021): 10364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00282a.

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The alkaline earth metal substitution of Li2MnO3 with occupying Li+ sites could effectively activate cation redox and stabilize lattice oxygen, which is favorable to increase the specific capacity and improve the cyclic performance.
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30

Song, Jia, De Ning, and Henny J. M. Bouwmeester. "Influence of alkaline-earth metal substitution on structure, electrical conductivity and oxygen transport properties of perovskite-type oxides La0.6A0.4FeO3−δ (A = Ca, Sr and Ba)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 21 (2020): 11984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp00247j.

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31

Yingli, Bi, Zhen Kaiji, Jiang Yutao, Teng Chiwen, and Yang Xiangguong. "Catalytic oxidative coupling of methane over alkali, alkaline earth and rare earth metal oxides." Applied Catalysis 39 (May 1988): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)80948-3.

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32

Guo, Meng, and Gongxuan Lu. "The difference of roles of alkaline-earth metal oxides on silica-supported nickel catalysts for CO2 methanation." RSC Adv. 4, no. 102 (2014): 58171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06202g.

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33

Matarrese, R., L. Castoldi, L. Lietti, and P. Forzatti. "Soot combustion: Reactivity of alkaline and alkaline earth metal oxides in full contact with soot." Catalysis Today 136, no. 1-2 (July 2008): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2008.03.022.

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34

Yakushevich, N. F., E. V. Protopopov, M. V. Temlyantsev, V. V. Pavlov, A. A. Abina, and O. V. Bivol. "Thermodynamics of alkaline-earth metals reduction from slag melts." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 65, no. 4 (May 5, 2022): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-4-268-277.

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Based on the state diagrams of two–component silicate systems SrO – SiO2 , BaO – SiO2 , CaO – SiO2 , the authors have determined the activity of components in invariant (eutectic and monotectic) points of the systems under consideration. Crystallization processes at invariant eutectic points l1 and l2 are considered as chemical reactions le1 (KSiO2 (l) + lMeO(l)) → CSiO2 (sol) + α(MeO·SiO2 )(sol), le2 (mSiO2 (l) + nMeO(l)) → (MeO·SiO2 )(sol) + b(2MeO·SiO2 )(sol), for which the values ΔG°T and the equilibrium constants were established. The values of aMeO in the slags were determined at given temperatures and known values of the component activities in metal melts in equilibrium with slag. In homogeneous slag melts, the activity of alkaline-earth metal (AEM) oxides was defined from the constants of equilibrium reactions of reduction of these metals from slags by silicon of iron-silicon metal melts. In the zone of homogeneous slag melts, the dependences aSiO2 = f (x(SiO2 )) were constructed at temperatures of 1600 and 1700 °C, and when using data on the activities of AEM (Sr, Ba, Ca) in metallic high-silicon melts, the dependences lga(SrO) = f (x(SiO2 ) , x(Si)) at 1493 °C and lga(BaO) = f (x(SiO2 ) , x(Si)) at 1450 °C were determined. On a three-parameter diagram in coordinates a[Si] – a(SiO2 ) – a(MeO) (for AEM), the dependencies a(SrO) = f (a[Si] , a(SiO2 ) ) at 1493 °C and a(BaO) = f (a[Si] , a(SiO2 ) ) at 1450 °C were constructed. It is shown that low equilibrium values of a(SrO) and a(BaO) , lga(SrO) = f (a(SiO2 ) , a[Si] ) ≤ (–4) and lga(BaO) = f (a(SiO2 ) , a[Si] ) ≤ (–3), can be achieved at equilibrium values of silicon activity in metal melts a[Si] > 0,5 during strontium reduction and a[Si] > 0,7 during barium reduction.
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35

Khan, Iltaf, Ning Sun, Ziqing Zhang, Zhijun Li, Muhammad Humayun, Sharafat Ali, Yang Qu, and Liqiang Jing. "Improved visible-light photoactivities of porous LaFeO3 by coupling with nanosized alkaline earth metal oxides and mechanism insight." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 12 (2019): 3149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy00127a.

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It is significant to improve visible-light photoactivities of porous LaFeO3 by coupling with nanosized alkaline earth metal oxides as dual-functional platform for accepting the high level electrons and activating CO2.
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36

Kumar, Vineet, and Zhiping Luo. "A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials." Photonics 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030071.

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Scintillator materials convert high-energy radiation into photons in the ultraviolet to visible light region for radiation detection. In this review, advances in X-ray emission dynamics of inorganic scintillators are presented, including inorganic halides (alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth halides, rare-earth halides, oxy-halides, rare-earth oxyorthosilicates, halide perovskites), oxides (binary oxides, complex oxides, post-transition metal oxides), sulfides, rare-earth doped scintillators, and organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators. The origin of scintillation is strongly correlated to the host material and dopants. Current models are presented describing the scintillation decay lifetime of inorganic materials, with the emphasis on the short-lived scintillation decay component. The whole charge generation and the de-excitation process are analyzed in general, and an essential role of the decay kinetics is the de-excitation process. We highlighted three decay mechanisms in cross luminescence emission, exitonic emission, and dopant-activated emission, respectively. Factors regulating the origin of different luminescence centers controlling the decay process are discussed.
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37

Terebilenko, Katerina V., Nikolay S. Slobodyanik, Igor V. Zatovsky, and Vaycheslav N. Baumer. "Synthesis, Structure and Luminescence Properties of Rare-Earth Double Phosphates." Solid State Phenomena 200 (April 2013): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.200.33.

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The main crystallization trends of rare-earth complex oxides from alkaline phosphate-molybdate (tungstate) melts have been studied in a light of structure - luminescence properties relationships. The regions of formation MI3RE(PO4)2, REPO4 and MI2RE(PO4)(MVIO4) from self flux systems MI–P–RE–O (MI–alkaline metal; MVI–Mo, W) have been defined. The influence of MI/MVI ratio in the initial melt has been shown to play the key role in solid phase formation and structural peculiarities of REOx polyhedral condensation of compounds obtained.
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38

Shilov, A. L., and V. L. Stolyarova. "Simulation of thermodynamic properties of borosilicate melts containing alkaline-earth metal oxides." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 80, no. 12 (December 2010): 2414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363210120030.

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39

Siwen, Li, Meng Jian, and Ren Yufang. "The electrical and magnetic properties of lanthanide alkaline-earth transition-metal oxides." Materials Research Bulletin 34, no. 10-11 (July 1999): 1569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5408(99)00179-8.

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40

WAGNER, S., C. WARNKE, W. MENESKLOU, C. ARGIRUSIS, T. DAMJANOVIC, G. BORCHARDT, and E. IVERSTIFFEE. "Enhancement of oxygen surface kinetics of SrTiO3 by alkaline earth metal oxides." Solid State Ionics 177, no. 19-25 (October 15, 2006): 1607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.04.026.

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41

ITO, Tomoyasu. "Coordinative unsaturation and adsorptive and catalytic activities of alkaline earth metal oxides." Hyomen Kagaku 8, no. 6 (1987): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.8.488.

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42

Foot, J. D., E. A. Colbourn, and C. R. A. Catlow. "Computer simulation of alkali metal trapped hole defects in alkaline earth oxides." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 49, no. 10 (January 1988): 1225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(88)90180-1.

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43

Welham, N. J. "Investigation of mechanochemical reactions between zircon (ZrSiO4) and alkaline earth metal oxides." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 29, no. 3 (June 1998): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-998-0095-x.

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44

Chen, Fengxi, Ivy Lin, Henan Li, Geok Joo Gan, Kelvin Toh, and Lijun Tham. "Alkaline earth metal oxides as solid bases for ligand-free Heck reaction." Catalysis Communications 8, no. 12 (December 2007): 2053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2007.04.018.

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45

Nakai, Shun-ichi, Tsutomu Mitsuishi, Hidenao Sugawara, Hideki Maezawa, Tokuo Matsukawa, Shichiro Mitani, Kazuo Yamasaki, and Takashi Fujikawa. "OxygenKx-ray-absorption near-edge structure of alkaline-earth-metal and 3d-transition-metal oxides." Physical Review B 36, no. 17 (December 15, 1987): 9241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.36.9241.

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46

Lee, Jin Kyu, and Shae K. Kim. "Development of Novel Environment-Friendly Magnesium Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 940–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.940.

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Novel environment-friendly magnesium alloys have been developed by alkaline earth metal oxides addition without increasing cost and damaging process-ability. They can establish simultaneously ① cleaner processing routes with reduced or without SF6 gas, ② melt cleanliness in furnace and during transfer and pouring, ③ improved process abilities of casting, forming, welding and powder metallurgy such as fluidity, hot tearing susceptibility, inclusion and eutectic phase, ④ cost reduction with low-cost elements as well as by reducing or eliminating high-cost protective gas like SF6 gas, ⑤ original process abilities, ⑥ improved mechanical properties by grain refinement and internal soundness, ⑦ improved welding performance and joint properties, ⑧ safety during applications by improving oxidation and flame resistance and ⑨ improved remelting and recycling abilities. CaO, one of alkaline earth metal oxides, added Mg alloys can be well manufactured by conventional melting and casting without protective gas. This paper will discuss the effect of CaO on optimum protective gas usage, oxidation resistance and flame behavior of magnesium alloys.
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47

Zhang, Bo, Xiangxin Xue, He Yang, Xiaowei Huang, and Gongjin Cheng. "Influence of alkaline additives on main minerals in Baotou rare earth tailings in the process of coal-based magnetizing roasting." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 3 (2019): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018078.

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The influence of NaOH-Ca(OH)2 on magnetizing roasting of iron minerals and on the decomposition reactions of rare earth minerals during coal-based magnetizing roasting is explored in the present work. The effect of alkaline additives was determined by means of SEM-EDS and X-ray diffraction methods in NaOH-Ca(OH)2-coal-tailings mixtures under optimal magnetizing roasting conditions (mass ratio of NaOH, Ca(OH)2, coal and tailings equal to 2.5: 4.5: 2.5: 100, roasting at 650 °C for 2.5 h). Although NaOH results in an adverse impact on magnetizing roasting of hematite, iron in silicate minerals could be released by NaOH-Ca(OH)2 additive as a form of hematite, which is further reduced to ferromagnetic magnetite. Moreover, the reduction ability of gas is improved in presence of coal and water from decomposition reaction of Ca(OH)2. Regarding the decomposition of bastanasite, no evident effect of NaOH-Ca(OH)2 is observed. The roasted products of pristine bastnasite particles are mainly composed of rare earth oxides (REO) with little fluorine, independent on the use of alkaline additives. No high purity REO were determined in the monazite particle by SEM-EDS, which is mainly decomposed into REO and REFeO3.
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48

Lichtenwalner, Daniel J., Vipindas Pala, Brett A. Hull, Scott Allen, and John W. Palmour. "High-Mobility SiC MOSFETs with Alkaline Earth Interface Passivation." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.671.

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Alkaline earth elements Sr and Ba provide SiO2/SiC interface conditions suitable for obtaining high channel mobility metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) on the Si-face (0001) of 4H-SiC, without the standard nitric oxide (NO) anneal. The alkaline earth elements Sr and Ba located at/near the SiO2/SiC interface result in field-effect mobility (μFE) values as high as 65 and 110 cm2/V.s, respectively, on 5×1015 cm-3 Al-doped p-type SiC. As the SiC doping increases, peak mobility decreases as expected, but the peak mobility remains higher for Ba interface layer (Ba IL) devices compared to NO annealed devices. The Ba IL MOSFET field-effect mobility decreases as the temperature is increased to 150 °C, as expected when mobility is phonon-scattering-limited, not interface-trap-limited. This is in agreement with measurements of the interface state density (DIT) using the high-low C-V technique, indicating that the Ba IL results in lower DIT than that of samples with nitric oxide passivation. Vertical power MOSFET (DMOSFET) devices (1200V, 15A) fabricated with the Ba IL have a 15% lower on-resistance compared to devices with NO passivation. The DMOSFET devices with a Ba IL maintain a stable threshold voltage under NBTI stress conditions of-15V gate bias stress, at 150 °C for 100hrs, indicating no mobile ions. Secondary-ion mass-spectrometry (SIMS) analysis confirms that the Sr and Ba remain predominantly at the SiO2/SiC interface, even after high temperature oxide annealing, consistent with the observed high channel mobility after these anneals. The alkaline earth elements result in enhanced SiC oxidation rate, and the resulting gate oxide breakdown strength is slightly reduced compared to NO annealed thermal oxides on SiC.
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49

Batra, Prinka, Ritu Gaba, Upasana Issar, and Rita Kakkar. "Structures and Stabilities of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Nanoclusters: A DFT Study." Journal of Theoretical Chemistry 2013 (October 24, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/720794.

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The stability orders of a number of alkaline earth oxide cluster isomers (MO)n, M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and 1≤n≥6 have been determined by means of density functional theory studies using the LDA-PWC functional. Among the candidate structures, the hexagonal-ring-based isomers and the slab shapes are found to display similar stabilities. Stacks of hexagonal (MO)3 rings are found to be the slightly preferred growth strategy among the (MgO)6, isomers. In contrast, the slab structures are slightly preferred for the other alkaline metal oxide (MO)6 clusters. An explanation based on packing and aromaticity arguments has been proposed. This study may have important implications for modeling and understanding the initial growth patterns of small nanostructures of alkaline earth metals.
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50

Walley, Jacob E., Yuen-Onn Wong, Lucas A. Freeman, Diane A. Dickie, and Robert J. Gilliard. "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Supported Aryl- and Alk- oxides of Beryllium and Magnesium." Catalysts 9, no. 11 (November 8, 2019): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9110934.

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Recently, we have witnessed significant progress with regard to the synthesis of molecular alkaline earth metal reagents and catalysts. To provide new precursors for light alkaline earth metal chemistry, molecular aryloxide and alkoxide complexes of beryllium and magnesium are reported. The reaction of beryllium chloride dietherate with two equivalents of 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidizol-2-ylidine (sIPr) results in the formation of a bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) (NHC) beryllium dichloride complex, (sIPr)2BeCl2 (1). Compound 1 reacts with lithium diisopropylphenoxide (LiODipp) or sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) to form the terminal aryloxide (sIPr)Be(ODipp)2 (2) and alkoxide dimer [(sIPr)Be(OEt)Cl]2 (3), respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 represent the first beryllium alkoxide and aryloxide species supported by NHCs. Structurally related dimers of magnesium, [(sIPr)Mg(OEt)Brl]2 (4) and [(sIPr)Mg(OEt)Me]2 (5), were also prepared. Compounds 1-5 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, 1H, 13C, and 9Be NMR spectroscopy where applicable.
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