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Journal articles on the topic 'Alkaline material'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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MD, MANSOOR AHMED, and ARFATH SYED. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON ALKALI ACTIVATED CONCRETE CONTAINING FA AND GGBSWITH 20 % CEMENT." IJIERT - International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology NITET-18 (March 17, 2018): 78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1453754.

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In order to address environmental effects associated with two environmental situations are of concern,firstl y the production of 1 ton of cement directly contributes 1 ton of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere,secondary is fly ash the waste product from coal based thermal power plants and Ground granulated blast furnace slag which is the last residue in the manufa cture of iron. For both these material disposal is a serious concern as the agricultural lands are becoming draw back. An effort in this regard is the development of concrete,synthesized from the materials of geological origin or by product material such as fly ash and Ground granulated blast furnace slag which are rich in silicon,aluminum,ferrous oxide,calcium oxide magnesium oxide in certain percentages which develop the cementious property when used as cement replacement material. The experiments wer e conducted on the development of an alkali - activated concrete by varying the concentration of NaOH and curing in ambient temperature. https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=141257

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Karamanov, Alexander, Lorenzo Arrizza, and Sibel Ergul. "Sintered material from alkaline basaltic tuffs." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 29, no. 4 (2009): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.07.002.

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Tuan Anh, Le, Nguyen Thuy Ninh, Le Quoc Phong Huu, Le Sinh Hoang, and Nguyen Khoa Tan. "Influence of fly ash and blast furnace slag on characteristics of geopolymer non-autoclaved aerated concrete." Transport and Communications Science Journal 72, no. 1 (2021): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.72.1.4.

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Geopolymer materials are known as sustainable and environmental material. The main constituents of geopolymer material are alumina and silicon, which can be activated in an alkaline environment. In this paper, the reaction of alumino-silicate materials in the alkaline agent is investigated on geopolymer non-autoclaved aerated concrete (GNAAC). The main constituents of GNAAC are fly ash (FA), blast furnace slag (BSF), lime, gypsum, aluminium powder, and alkaline solution. In the mix proportions, FA and BSF are used to replace crushed sand and cement. The results indicate that the GNAAC can be produced similarly as traditional autoclaved aerated concrete. Besides, the flow diameter of the mixture using blast furnace slag is lower than that of fly ash. The temperature and expansion ability decrease with an increase in FA/BFS – Lime and alkaline content. Furthermore, the compressive strength of GNAAC can be determined by synthesizing geopolymer without steam and pressure curing conditions.

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Vestin, Jenny L. K., Kei Nambu, Patrick A. W. van Hees, Dan Bylund, and Ulla S. Lundström. "The influence of alkaline and non-alkaline parent material on soil chemistry." Geoderma 135 (November 2006): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.11.013.

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Coaguila-Llerena, Hernán, Victor Manuel Ochoa-Rodriguez, Gabriela Mariana Castro-Núñez, Gisele Faria, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, and Mario Tanomaru-Filho. "Physicochemical Properties of a Bioceramic Repair Material - BioMTA." Brazilian Dental Journal 31, no. 5 (2020): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202003163.

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Abstract This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties of a repair material in the Brazilian market, BioMTA, in comparison to other two materials currently in use (Biodentine and MTA Angelus). The initial setting time was evaluated using Gillmore needle. The pH was measured with a pH-meter after 24 h, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. The radiopacity was determined using the equivalence in millimeters of aluminum (mm Al) from digitized occlusal radiographs. Solubility was determined after immersion in water for 7 days. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (a=0.05). The BioMTA initial setting time (5.2 min) was lower than the other materials (p<0.05). All materials showed an alkaline pH at 21 days. At 24 h, BioMTA was the most alkaline material (p<0.05); and at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days there was no difference between BioMTA and Biodentine (p>0.05), both being more alkaline than MTA Angelus (p<0.05). The radiopacity of BioMTA (4.2 mm Al) was significantly higher compared to Biodentine (p<0.05) and lower than MTA Angelus (p<0.05). The solubility of the materials was -4.2%, -1.6% and 4.1% for BioMTA, MTA Angelus and Biodentine, respectively, with a significant difference between them (p<0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that BioMTA displayed a shorter setting time, an alkaline pH, a higher radiopacity, and a gain in mass.

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Ruģele, Kristīne, Girts Bumanis, Diana Bajare, Vitalijs Lakevičs, and Jānis Rubulis. "Alkaline Activated Material for pH Control in Biotechnologies." Key Engineering Materials 604 (March 2014): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.604.223.

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By using industrial aluminium recycling waste, recycled silicate glass from outworn fluorescence lamp recycling plant, calcined kaolinite clay supplemented with alkali activator with different silicate modulus the new type of porous material for biotechnologic processes without the need for additional equipment for pH control was researched. This controlled-release system contains an alkali activated matrix in which NaOH crystals are encased. In this study ability to release NaOH per time in water according to material composition and structure were investigated. Three alkaline activated materials AAM 7.5, 10 and 12.5, with different alkali activator content were characterized.

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Švančárková, Anna, Dagmar Galusková, Aleksandra Ewa Nowicka, Helena Pálková, and Dušan Galusek. "Effect of Corrosive Media on the Chemical and Mechanical Resistance of IPS e.max® CAD Based Li2Si2O5 Glass-Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 1 (2022): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010365.

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The influence of 4% acetic acid (pH~2.4) and an alkaline solution of NaOH (pH~10) on the corrosion resistance and micromechanical properties of disilicate crystals containing glass-ceramics (LS2-GC’s) is studied. Partially crystallized lithium metasilicate crystal containing glass-ceramics (LS-GC’s) are annealed to fully LS2-GC’s using a one stage and a two-stage heating to induce nucleation. Materials with various chemical and wear resistance are prepared. The content of the crystalline phase in the material annealed in the two-stage process A is 60.0% and increases to 72.2% for the material heated in the one-stage process B. The main elements leached in the acidic medium are lithium and phosphorus, while lithium, silicon, and phosphorus leached into the alkaline environment. Material B exhibits better chemical resistance to the corrosive influence of 4% acetic acid under quasi-dynamic conditions. In the alkaline corrosion medium, silicon is leached from material A faster compared to the material B. After prolonged exposure to acidic or basic environments, both materials show evidence of surface structural changes. A decrease of the sliding wear resistance is observed after corrosion in the acidic environment under dynamic conditions. In both materials, the wear rate increases after corrosion.

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Sujita Darmo Darmo and Rudy Sutanto Sutanto. "Study of tensile strength and morphology of polyester matrix composite materials reinforced Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder as raw material of rear bumper vehicle." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no. 1 (2021): 085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0056.

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Fibrous composite materials continue to be researched and developed with the long-term goal of becoming an alternative to metal substitutes. Due to the nature of the fiber reinforced composite material, its high tensile strength, and low density compared to metal. In general, the composition of the composite consists of reinforcing fibers and a matrix as the binding material. The potential of natural fibers as a reinforcing composite material is still being developed and investigated. The research that has been done aims to determine the characteristics of the tensile strength of the composite strengthened with Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder (HTBP) with alkaline NaOH and KOH treatment. The reinforcing material used is HTBP and the matrix is polyester resin, with volume fraction of 5%, 10% and 20% with an alkaline treatment of 5% NaOH and 5% KOH with immersion for 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours. Tensile testing specimens and procedures refer to ASTM D3039 standard. The results of this study showed the highest tensile strength of 34.96 MPa in the alkaline treatment of 5% KOH, soaking time of 8 hours with a volume fraction of 10% and the lowest tensile strength of 21.96 MPa of 5% KOH alkaline treatment, soaking time of 6 hours with a volume fraction of 20%. .with 10% volume fraction of 34.96 MPa and the lowest tensile strength was 5% KOH alkaline treatment at 6 hours immersion with 20% volume fraction.

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Sujita, Darmo Darmo, and Sutanto Sutanto Rudy. "Study of tensile strength and morphology of polyester matrix composite materials reinforced Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder as raw material of rear bumper vehicle." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 7, no. 1 (2021): 085–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4717431.

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Fibrous composite materials continue to be researched and developed with the long-term goal of becoming an alternative to metal substitutes. Due to the nature of the fiber reinforced composite material, its high tensile strength, and low density compared to metal. In general, the composition of the composite consists of reinforcing fibers and a matrix as the binding material. The potential of natural fibers as a reinforcing composite material is still being developed and investigated. The research that has been done aims to determine the characteristics of the tensile strength of the composite strengthened with Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder (HTBP) with alkaline NaOH and KOH treatment. The reinforcing material used is HTBP and the matrix is polyester resin, with volume fraction of 5%, 10% and 20% with an alkaline treatment of 5% NaOH and 5% KOH with immersion for 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours. Tensile testing specimens and procedures refer to ASTM D3039 standard. The results of this study showed the highest tensile strength of 34.96 MPa in the alkaline treatment of 5% KOH, soaking time of 8 hours with a volume fraction of 10% and the lowest tensile strength of 21.96 MPa of 5% KOH alkaline treatment, soaking time of 6 hours with a volume fraction of 20%. .with 10% volume fraction of 34.96 MPa and the lowest tensile strength was 5% KOH alkaline treatment at 6 hours immersion with 20% volume fraction.

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Kakimoto, Kenichi. "Material Design of Alkaline Niobate Piezoelectric Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1879.

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Nb-based systems have been considered to be the most attractive ceramic system in the research field of lead-free piezoceramics, since excellent piezoelectric properties were reported in (Li,Na,K)NbO3-based solid solution (LNKN) systems. This article reviews the characteristic and recent research activity for several kinds of the niobate systems including LiNbO3, NaNbO3, KNbO3, tungsten-bronze niobate. The importance of material design for enhancement of piezoelectric properties and their stability in the wide temperature range is also described for LNKN system.

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Shetty, Sowmya, Sam Kahler, and Bill Kahler. "Alkaline Material Effects on Roots of Teeth." Materials 10, no. 12 (2017): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10121412.

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Oleksandr, Kovalchuk, and Zozulynets Viktoriia. "Development of alkaline concrete on the basis of active aggregates." Technology Audit and Production Reserves 6, no. 1(62) (2021): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.244780.

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The object of the research is the process of directed structure formation in the body of alkaline concrete, made using a reactive aggregate, in this case, basalt, and the process of deformation development in such concrete. The problem with using reactive aggregates is that they cause alkaline corrosion. It manifests itself in the form of cracks and layers of gel-like substances that form at the point of contact of the aggregate with the cement stone. During the research, methods of physical and chemical analysis were used (X-ray phase, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyzes, electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, microprobe analysis). And also methods of mathematical planning of experiments have been used for the dependence of the physical and technical properties of cements and the directions of their structure formation. Also, the research has been carried out based on the analysis of world achievements in solving the problem of alkaline corrosion of concrete. The possibility of joint operation of the matrix of alkaline cements and active aggregates, represented by basalt, has been determined. The component composition of alkaline cement has been optimized and the need to increase the amount of the alkaline component in the system for the normal course of structure formation processes has been proved. The study of the influence of technical factors and conditions of hardening on the development of processes of structure formation of the investigated compositions has been carried out. The deformation properties of fine-grained concrete based on slag-alkaline cement and basalt aggregate have been investigated. It is shown that the expansion deformations of the samples, which accompany the process of alkaline corrosion of the aggregate in concrete, are directly related to the component composition and hardening conditions of the material. The obtained research results confirm the possibility of using active aggregates for the manufacture of building materials, in particular, based on alkaline cements. But for the safe course of the processes of structure formation, the component composition of the system has to be adjusted by introducing an active mineral additive and an additional alkaline component. The use of hydrophobizing additives makes it possible to increase the strength of the material even when operating under normal heat and humidity conditions.

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Chengxu, Yang, Li Peiqing, and Yan Xiang. "A review of research progress and development prospects of alkali-activated cementitious materials." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 9, no. 8 (2022): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10527804.

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Abstract Alkali-activated gelling material is a kind of precursor that can activate the activity of precursors in an alkaline or strong alkaline environment. A hydraulic cementitious material that enables it to maintain and develop its properties, and is currently the most widely used alkali-excited material in China. The raw materials are mainly granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA), and in order to obtain an alkaline environment for the precursor, A stimulator needs to be added. Alkali-excited materials do not need to be calcined in the preparation process, which makes the Compared with traditional cement materials, it can save more resources, and the alkali-activated cementitious materials have a fast setting, Early strength, high-temperature resistance, and other characteristics, these characteristics make it better used in some special occasions, such as rapid setting, The characteristics of early strength can be well applied to engineering repairs, etc., but these characteristics also limit its use in a wider range. Therefore, the main research direction in the world is how to make alkali-excited materials have more. This paper mainly focuses on the research status of alkali-induced cementitious materials in improving rapid setting and early strength. A brief overview of the reaction mechanism of alkali-excited materials is given.

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Mikhailova, Olesia, and Pavel Rovnaník. "Stability of Polymer Admixtures in Alkaline Media." Materials Science Forum 908 (October 2017): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.908.145.

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Nowadays alkali activated binders are one of alternative materials to Portland cement. Alkaline activation is a process when the material hardens in medium at pH>12. This paper presents the study of stability of different polymer admixtures (polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol with different molecular weight, different modifications of commercial polymer admixtures VINNAPAS® and shrinkage-reducing Peramin SRA) in alkaline media NaOH at pH=12.42. The influence of the alkaline medium on the properties of polymer admixtures was examined by infrared spectroscopy. All types of VINNAPAS®, Peramin SRA are unstable in high alkaline media.

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Sheikh, Samir Sheikh Hamid, and Rathore Harsh. "Exploring Material Properties and Performance of Geopolymer Concrete: A Comprehensive Study." Journal of Advances in Geotechnical Engineering 7, no. 1 (2024): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10730228.

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This research explores the influence of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) on Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) characteristics. Focusing on compressive strength evolution from 7 to 28 days, the study identifies an optimal alkaline ratio of 2.5, recommending a 10M sodium hydroxide solution. This study investigates the compressive and split tensile strength characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) formulations with varying sodium hydroxide molarities and alkaline ratios. The compressive strength data at 7 and 28 days, revealing a consistent strength increase from the 7th to the 28th day. Notably, an alkaline ratio of 2.5 and a molarity of 10M exhibit optimal compressive strength. Furthermore split tensile strength results at the 28-day mark, indicating a peak at an alkaline ratio of 2.5 and a molarity of 10M. This aligns with the compressive strength trends, suggesting that these conditions are favorable for GPC mixes incorporating fly ash and sodium-based alkaline solutions.

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Guzmán A, Á., S. Delvasto A, and E. Sánchez V. "Valorization of rice straw waste: an alternative ceramic raw material." Cerâmica 61, no. 357 (2015): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132015613571888.

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In the production of rice a large amount of solid residue is produced, for which alternative utilizations are scarce or are not commonly applied in industry. Rice straw (RS) is a waste product of rice harvest that is generated in equal or greater quantities than the rice itself. RS is frequently burned in open air, which makes it a significant source of pollution. In the search for possible uses of RS, it should be noted that its ash (RSA) is particularly rich in silica, alkaline and alkaline earth metals and may be used as a source of alkalis and silica for the production of triaxial ceramics. The present research work proposes the production of a ceramic raw material from RS for its use in the fabrication of ceramic materials for the construction industry. Based on the chemical and mineralogical composition of RSA created under different thermal conditions, the most suitable RSA for this purpose was that obtained from treating RS at a temperature of 800 ºC for a time of 2 h. The resulting RSA presented high contents of SiO2 (79.62%), alkaline oxides (K2O) (10.53%) and alkaline earth oxides (CaO) (2.80%). It is concluded that RSA is a new alternative ceramic raw material that can be used as a replacement for the fluxing (mainly feldspar) and inert (quartz) materials that are used in the production of triaxial ceramics.

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Sitarz, Mateusz, João Castro-Gomes, and Izabela Hager. "Strength and Microstructure Characteristics of Blended Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymer Mortars with Na and K Silicate Solution." Materials 15, no. 1 (2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010211.

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Mineral geopolymer binders can be an attractive and more sustainable alternative to traditional Portland cement materials for special applications. In geopolymer technology the precursor is a source of silicon and aluminium oxides, the second component is an alkaline solution. In the synthesis of geopolymer binders the most commonly used alkaline solution is a mixture of sodium or potassium water glass with sodium or potassium hydroxide or silicate solution with a low molar ratio, which is more convenient and much safer in use. In this paper, we present the influence of sodium or potassium silicate solution on the physical and mechanical properties of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer mortars. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and microstructural observation allowed for comparing the structure of materials with a different type of alkaline solution. The evolution of compressive and flexural tensile strength with time determined for composites using 10%, 30% and 50% slag contents (referring to fly ash mass) was analysed. The tests were performed after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. It was observed that, as the amount of slag used increases in the precursor, the strength of the material grows. Mortars with the sodium alkaline solution were characterised by a higher strength at a young age. However, the values of strength 28 days were higher for geopolymers with potassium alkaline solution reaching 75 MPa in compression. Geopolymer mortar microstructure observation indicates a high matrix heterogeneity with numerous microcracks. Matrix defects may be caused by the rapid kinetics of the material binding reaction or shrinkage associated with the drying of the material.

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Mustafa Al Bakri, A. M., Md Tahir Muhammad Faheem, Andrei Victor Sandhu, A. Alida, Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh, and C. M. Ruzaidi. "Microstructure Studies on Different Types of Geopolymer Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.384.

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Geopolymer is a new binding material produced to substitute the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) function as a binder in concrete. As we know, different types of geopolymer will have different properties. In this research, the different types of geopolymer raw materials had been studied in term of microstructure. Different type of materials which is fly ash (class F) and kaolin had been mixed with alkaline solution consist of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide with suitable geopolymer raw material to alkaline activator and sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratios. The geopolymer samples with different types of raw material were then cured at a temperature 70°C for 24 hr and maintained at room temperature until the testing was conducted. After the geopolymers were aged for seven days, the testing was conducted.

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Pereira-De-Oliveira, Luiz, Lucio Macedo, José Neto, Dellane Santos, and Hugo Silva. "Viability of lateritic soil as alkaline activated precursor." MATEC Web of Conferences 274 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927401004.

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This study investigates the disposal of lateritic soil available in the state of Maranhao, Brazil, to be used as a natural precursor of alkaline activated material. Lateritic soils are formed in the tropics through weathering processes that favour the formation of iron, aluminium and may contain a large amount of quartz and kaolinite. The quality of laterite for this application may vary significantly depending on both geographic location and depth of a quarry. The identification of quarry locals was carried out in this work, together with a disposal volume estimation considering economic issues about exploration techniques. A comparison of the chemical composition of the lateritic soil of the state of Maranhao with those related in the literature is used to outline the feasibility of using this natural material as precursor of alkaline activated cements. It is concluded that the lateritic soil availability, as well as their characteristics, can enable the development of alkaline activated materials as a future local building material and environmentally friendly.

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Edrees, Hadeel Y., Sawsan T. H. Abu Zeid, Hazem M. Atta, and Mehal A. AlQriqri. "Induction of Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Bioceramic Root Repair Material." Materials 12, no. 14 (2019): 2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142311.

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This study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic activity of Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) putty using rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The extract of set ERRM and ProRoot-mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (control) was cocultured with rat MSCs and incubated for one, three, and seven days. The cell viability and proliferation were assessed. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin gene expression was performed. Both materials enhanced cell viability and proliferation, which increased over time. On day seven, the cells treated with either material exhibited significantly greater cell viability compared with control untreated cells. MSCs treated with either material showed deeper alkaline phosphatase staining after three days compared to control untreated cells. Treated MSCs also exhibited upregulation of the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. Both ERRM and ProRoot-MTA enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.

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Xiao, Li Guang, Feng Luo, Rui Bo Li, and Chang Yu Liu. "The Study of Alkaline-Activated Magnesium Slag Cementitious Material." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.363.

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Magnesium slag cementitious material was prepared successfully using the magnesium slag-furnace slag-clinker system and different activators in this paper. The effect of activator on the mechanical property of the material was studied. The hydration and microstructure of this composite cement were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and the interaction mechanism was researched. The results show that the activity of magnesium slag was enhanced significantly by adding a small amount of activator. Combined activators have the best effect. The hydration products of magnesium slag cementitious materials mortar were C-S-H, Aft and Ca (OH)2 and so on.

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Kovalchuk, Oleksandr, and Victoriya Zozulynets. "Study of influence of alkaline component type on pH value and properties of alkali activated concretes containing basalt rock." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128007001.

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The paper discusses the questions of alkalinity changes in alkali activated cement-based materials at different stages of hardening. It was shown that use of alkali activated cement with dry alkaline component (“all-in-one system”) in the presence of basalt rock leads to the immediate decrease of pH value and strength drop of the material. On the other hand, using alkaline component in the form of alkaline solution provides almost normal hardening of systems. Taking into account obtained results a methodology of changes in concrete mix design was proposed. In general, for different cement systems under study pH value varies from 8.5 to 12 reflecting on the materials structure formation processes and strength gain. Shrinkage of the systems was within the ranges 0.3…0.6 mm/m at 28 days age and 0.3…0.5 mm/m for different systems. Absence of expansion witnesses about compensation of ASR results and normal structure developments processes in the material comparing to OPC.

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Quan, Hong, Huijuan Yu, Dongpeng Lv, and Yuancheng Li. "The Use of Slag and Red Mud for the Synthesis of a Slag-Based Cementitious Material." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2329, no. 1 (2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2329/1/012036.

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Abstract A large amount of metallurgical slag storage occupies land and wastes a lot of resources. Therefore, this study uses slag and red mud (RM) as the main raw materials, sodium silicate, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the composite alkaline activators, the slag-based cementitious materials were prepared by the secondary mixed grinding method. The mechanical properties of the cementitious materials were characterized and analyzed. The results show that when the ratio of slag to RM in the cementing material is 8:2, the strength increases initially and then decreases with the increase of the content of the alkaline activator. Meanwhile, the content of the alkaline activator is 10% (mass fraction), and the 28-day compressive strength of the sample is up to 67.8MPa, which meets the requirements of slag cement with a 42.5 strength grade.

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Zhang, Yuan, Jun Cao, and Yun Dong. "Experimental Research on Abrasion Resistance of Alkaline Residue Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.687.

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The abrasion resistance of the alkaline residue admixture concrete was observed in the experiment under different conditions, the results showed that: the abrasion resistance of the alkaline residue concrete first increased and then decreased in the law with the increase of alkaline content. The abrasion resistance of concrete is best when the content of alkaline residue is 10% of cement material, combined with SEM image analysis, the microstructure of concrete that alkaline residue accounted for cement material 10% is more dense than others proportions concrete, and the abrasion resistance of concrete will decrease with the increasing the amount of alkaline residue. The experiment also observed the abrasion resistance of the different curing period of the alkaline residue admixture concrete. We could find that the abrasion resistance of concrete increases with the growth of curing age.

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Wang, Qing Guo, Qi Xin Yang, Ya Jun Jiang, and Juan Yang. "Nondestructive Microscopy Test on Damage of Waterproof Material in Underground Engineering." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.900.

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The microstructure changes of acrylate spray-on waterproof material in alkaline groundwater environment were tentatively studied with X-ray microscopy (XRM), and the validity of deciding the failure of the material was explored in paper. Regarded NaOH solution with pH=12 as corrosive medium, after the immersion in the alkaline solution, spray-on waterproof material was scanned with XRM, and the structure was characterized with some indexes such as porosity and pore connectivity. The results show that when the waterproof material is immersed in alkaline solution for some time, the surface of the material becomes uneven, the overall porosity falls and the pore connectivity rises. It is feasible to study on the failure of waterproof material in underground engineering with XRM.

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Yu, Gyeong Cheol, Jeong Jin Park, Eun Hye Kang, Sun Young Lee, Youl Huh, and Seung Goo Lee. "Study on the Sound Absorption Properties of Recycled Polyester Nonwovens through Alkaline Treatment and Dimple Processing." Surfaces 7, no. 2 (2024): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/surfaces7020016.

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This study focused on manufacturing efficient automobile sound-absorbing materials through alkaline treatment and dimple processing of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) nonwoven fabric. The rPET nonwoven fabric was produced with a sound-absorbing material through compression molding. It was improved through the development of porous sound-absorbing materials through alkaline treatment and resonant sound-absorbing materials through dimple processing. As a result of morphological analysis, alkaline treatment showed that pore size and air permeability increased according to temperature and concentration increase conditions. On the other hand, dimple processing caused a decrease in air permeability and a decrease in pores due to yarn fusion, and as the dimple diameter increased, the sound-absorbing coefficient increased in the 5000 Hz band. Finally, it was judged that effective sound absorption performance would be improved through a simple process through alkaline treatment and dimple processing, and thus there would be applicability in various industrial fields.

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Kovalchuk, O., and V. Zozulunets. "Use of active aggregates in concrete as a guarantee of expansion of raw material base and reduction of cost of products." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 48 (2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2021.48(1).100-107.

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Traditional natural materials (mainly granite and quartz) are usually used as aggregates for the manufacture of concrete products and structures. This raw material is tested, reliable and does not cause destruction during operation of structures. However, it is exhaustive and characterized by high cost. That is why it is advisable to consider the use of reactive (active) aggregates. Especially if you consider ways to eliminate alkaline corrosion. The development of alkaline concrete compositions with the use of active aggregates is the key to expanding the raw material base for the manufacture of building materials with a reduction in production costs compared to products based on traditional systems. The use of active mineral additives allows to reduce the content of free alkalis in the system, preventing the alkaline corrosion of hardened artificial stone. Simultaneously. the processes of interaction of the active siliceous component with alkalis in the cement system can be transferred from the category of destructive (such as destroying the structure of hardened stone) in constructive processes (binding these components into insoluble compounds during hydration and cement formation, without breaking its fixed structure and sealing material). Studies have shown the high efficiency of the proposed approaches for the binding of excess alkalis (more than 0.6%) and targeted synthesis of alkaline aluminosilicate-type tumors in the composition of artificial cement stone. At the same time, the issue of extending the results to control the formation of structures at different levels of concrete with the use of general construction cements requires further research, and the issue of stopping alkaline corrosion of hardened concrete has not been raised and is innovative from the point of view of domestic and world science.

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Skorupska, Malgorzata, Anna Ilnicka, and Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz. "Modified graphene foam as a high-performance catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction." RSC Advances 13, no. 36 (2023): 25437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra04203k.

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The nitrogen-doped materials obtained from natural polymers of gelatine and chitosan direct four-electron oxygen reduction pathway in alkaline medium comparable to commercial platinum-based carbon material.

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Hou, Li Xia, Yang Bo Wang, Shu Chang Zhao, Jun Ming Ji, and Xiao Lei Shang. "Recovery of Sweet Potato Protein Materials from the Starch Waste." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1523.

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Recovery of sweet potato protein materials from the starch waste was studied in the paper. Ultrafiltration followed with alkaline extraction and acid precipitation by adjusting pH through lactic fermentation, had the highest extraction rate (40.81%). While ultrafiltration followed with alkaline extraction and acid precipitation by adjusting pH with HCl yielded the protein material with the highest protein content (73.68 %), these two procedures provide good alternatives for different purpose.

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Olena, Khomenko, Datsenko Borys, Sribniak Nataliia, Nahornyi Mykola, and Tsyhanenko Liudmyla. "DEVELOPMENT OF ENGOBE COATINGS BASED ON ALKALINE KAOLINS." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 6 (102) (2019): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.188126.

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The properties of alkaline kaolins as promising raw materials during manufacturing engobe coatings for construction ceramics were studied. The chemical and mineralogical composition and peculiarities of thermal transformations of kaolins were determined; the compositions of engobe coatings were developed, their rheological properties were studied and physical and ceramic indicators after annealing were determined; the peculiarities of the formation of the coating structure were established. The relevance of expansion of the raw material base is very high, since existing formulations of ceramic masses and coatings include mainly high-quality clays, kaolins, feldspars, quartz sands and others. Natural supplies of such raw materials are getting rapidly exhausted, which negatively affects the results of production. Thus, the search for alternative raw materials should take into account not only its availability, but also the ability to ensure high quality of ceramic products. The research results revealed that alkaline kaolins are complex raw material containing kaolinite, quartz and feldspar minerals (microcline or albite), that is why they can replace the listed materials that are introduced into the composition of engobes by separate components. To correct the rheological properties of the developed engobe coatings, it is possible to use traditional electrolytes – rheotan and liquid glass – in the amount of up to 0.7 % by weight. During the thermal treatment, alkaline kaolins sinter actively at the temperatures of 1,100–1,150 °C and contribute to the intensive formation of the strong stone-like engobe layer with water absorption of 3–6 % on the product surface. This coating, in addition to creating a decorative effect, increases the durability of construction products on average by 30–35 %. The obtained data have both scientific and practical significance, as they allowed substantiating the expediency of using alkaline kaolins as complex raw material in the production of engobe ceramics. This makes it possible to reduce the number of separate components in the composition of coating and to intensify sintering of engobe, which generally leads to the improvement of product quality

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CAFTANACHI, MIHAELA, MIHAI VRABIE, ALEXANDRU-IOAN COTOFAN, and Maria Harja. "Micropilot Scale Testing of Advanced Inorganic Materials Obtained from Wastes." Buletinul Institutului Politehnic din Iași, Secția Chimie și Inginerie Chimică 69, no. 4 (2023): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10685440.

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Traditional building materials have a major contribution to carbon emissions, consumption of natural resources, all these affecting environmental. To avoid the disadvantages that come from the cement industry, one strategy could be to use alternative materials as substitutes for cement-based materials. In plus these materials can be obtaining from by products, secondary sources of silicates and aluminates. In the present study, a characterization of the materials obtained following the activation of some aluminosilicate wastes with an alkaline mixture consisting of KOH and Na2SiO3 in different mass ratios will be carried out. KOH solutions had molarities between 5-10 M. The tests that were carried out are: workability of the fresh material, density of the hardened material, mechanical properties, capillarity absorption and resistance in the acid, alkaline and salts environments. The results allow the best conditions to be established in order to manufacture suitable materials with the proper characteristics.

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Gomes, Kelly Cristiane, Sandro Marden Torres, Zaqueu Ernesto da Silva, Normando Perazzo Barbosa, and Marçal Rosas Florentino Lima Filho. "Alkaline Activation of Aluminum and Iron Rich Precursors." Key Engineering Materials 600 (March 2014): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.600.329.

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The alkaline activation of aluminosilicates materials has been motivated by their enhanced thermomechanical properties. Despite the majority of studies comprise the evaluation industrial byproduct of precursors (fly ash and slag), metakaolin (Al2O3.2SiO2) is acknowledged to have structure and chemical composition characteristics that make it very reactive as far as alkaline activation is concerned. In tropical regions of the earth, as is the case in northeastern Brazil, there are some waste (kaolin waste, red brick waste and weathered tropical soils) whose alkaline activation potential have not yet been fully studied. These sources are known to have other metals such as iron in its structure, which might affect the alkaline activation. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of alkaline activation of these wastes. Chemical and structural characterization were performed by means of x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and compressive strength. The results indicate that all studied waste presented significant potential as precursor material for alkaline activation.

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Zhang, Zhizhong, Ying Wang, Hao Li, Zhihua Yang, and Shilie Pan. "BaB8O12F2: a promising deep-UV birefringent material." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 2 (2019): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8qi01263f.

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Suwan, Teewara, Sakonwan Hanjitsuwan, Gediminas Kastiukas, and Pitiwat Wattanachai. "Pre-Dry Mixing Process of Low Carbon Alkaline-Activated Cement: Properties and Advantages in Practical Work of Construction." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.194.

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Climate change due to carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is a serious concern in modern society. Cement manufacturing industry world-wide currently contributes approximately 8 % of global CO2 emissions, and this is a serious obstacle for the sustainable development of the cement manufacturing industry. Alkaline-activated cement (AAC) has been proven to be one of alternative cementitious materials which has less disturbance to the environment and can be used as construction materials. However, typical alkaline-activated cement is generally manufactured by mixing raw material with alkaline solutions. It was found that the preparation process of solutions and transportation to construction sites could raise some difficulties in real use. To eliminate the use of the alkaline activator in liquid form and simplify the mixing processes, the development of Just-Adding-Water (JAW) technique was introduced in this research. The results revealed that the alkaline-activated cement manufactured using the pre-dry mix process achieved a 28-day compressive strength very similar to that of typical alkaline-solution mixture in non-oven curing condition. In the pre-dry mixing process, the amount of required water may be slightly higher than that of normal alkaline-solution mixture in order to compensate insufficient water in both mixes and moisture loss during exothermic reaction as well as maintain the workability.

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Faridmehr, Iman, Mohammad Ali Sahraei, Moncef L. Nehdi, and Kiyanets A. Valerievich. "Optimization of Fly Ash—Slag One-Part Geopolymers with Improved Properties." Materials 16, no. 6 (2023): 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062348.

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One-part geopolymer concrete/mortar is a pre-mixed material made from industrial by-products and solid alkaline activators that only requires the addition of water for activation. Apart from being environmentally friendly, it also reduces complexity and improves consistency in the mixing process, leading to more efficient production and consistent material properties. However, developing one-part geopolymer concrete with desirable compressive strength is challenging because of the complexity of the chemical reaction involved, the variability of the raw materials used, and the need for precise control of curing conditions. Therefore, 80 different one-part geopolymer mixtures were compiled from the open literature in this study, and the effects of the constituent materials, the dosage of alkaline activators, curing condition, and water/binder ratio on the 28-day compressive strength of one-part geopolymer paste were examined in detail. An ANN model with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was developed to estimate one-part geopolymer’s compressive strength and its sensitivity to binder constituents and alkaline dosage. The ANN model’s weights and biases were also used to develop a CPLEX-based optimization method for achieving maximum compressive strength. The results confirm that the compressive strength of one-part geopolymer pastes increased by increasing the Na2O content of the alkaline source and the slag dosage; however, increasing the Na2O content in alkaline sources beyond 6% by fly ash weight led to decreasing the compressive strength; therefore, the optimum alkaline activator dosage by weight of fly ash was to be 12% (i.e., 6% Na2O). The proposed ANN model developed in this study can aid in the production and performance tuning of sustainable one-part geopolymer concrete and mortar for broader full-scale applications.

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Oke, P. K., and O. K. Ukoba. "Analysis of Property Changes of Ductile Iron in Different Environments." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.332.

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The problem of engineering materials failing in structures like bridges, pipelines, refinery and automobile equipments is becoming a source of concern to the people of the developing nations especially Nigerians. This sometimes might be attributed to the environments in which the materials are being used or stored and the source of the materials. There is a need therefore, to evaluate the effects of these environments on the final property, especially the mechanical properties of the materials. Based on the peculiarity of ductile iron (DI) having its application in most engineering works in different environments, the material was subjected to four different environments namely alkaline (NaOH), brackish (NaCl), air conditioning (A/C), and outside environment, coinciding with the environments of application. The material was later subjected to series of mechanical tests and the behavioural changes (especially the mechanical property) of the materials in these environments were monitored for the period. It was observed that the ductile iron placed outside had the highest elastic properties and hardness of 1341.72Hv while alkaline environment had the highest strength of 3321.75MPa. The alkaline environment gives the highest performance as it had a quality index of 4,038,837, followed by outside environment while salty environment had the least.

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Tamizi, S. M., Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Kamarudin Hussin, Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali, J. Liyana, and A. K. Aeslina. "Potential of Marine Clay as Raw Material in Geopolymer Composite." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.963.

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In this research, marine clays has been studied its potential as a matrix composite materials that tend to be used as alternative materials to concrete. The study shows that marine clays which mixed with appropriate proportion of alkaline activator could have strength requirements for masonry cement. The alkaline activator that been used for the geopolymerisation reaction is sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. Its compressive strength in early time reached 9-15 MPa.

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Lantsova, E. A., M. A. Bardina, E. A. Saverina, and O. A. Kamanina. "Determination Of Optimal Conditions For Template Sol-Gel Synthesis For The Formation Of Antibacterial Materials." Žurnal neorganičeskoj himii 69, no. 4 (2024): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044457x24040135.

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One of the current global problems is the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial agents and the emergence of associated infections. Therefore, the synthesis of new hybrid materials capable of resisting bacteria is necessary. In this work, loading platforms for antibacterial material based on tetraethoxysilane were formed using yeast cells Ogataea polymorpha BKM Y-2559 and Cryptococcus curvatus VKM Y-3288 as templates under conditions of acid and alkaline hydrolysis. Using scanning electron microscopy, it was shown that an alkaline environment is most optimal when using yeast cells as templates for the formation of a porous material. The surface-active properties of a number of quaternary ammonium compounds were studied using the tensometry method to select the optimal template for the production of antibacterial materials in one stage.

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Mahmoud, Houssam, Libor Topolář, Iveta Plšková, Luboš Jakubka, and Luboš Pazdera. "Monitoring degradation in alkaline-activated slag materials." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 47 (May 16, 2024): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2024.47.0071.

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This paper deals with determining degradation changes in alkaline-activated slag-based building materials. It describes methods for determining dynamic elastic moduli obtained by acoustic non-destructive methods, including the ultrasonic pulse method and the resonance method. A finegrained mortar was chosen as the initial mix for the implementation of the experiment, the binder part of which was sodium hydroxide-activated blast-furnace granulated slag. Beams with dimensions of 40 × 40 × 160 mm were chosen as test bodies, for which acoustic non-destructive methods monitored changes in the material structure during degradation processes.

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Mothupi, Moshito Lethabo, and Phumlani Fortune Msomi. "Quaternized Polyethersulfone (QPES) Membrane with Imidazole Functionalized Graphene Oxide (ImGO) for Alkaline Anion Exchange Fuel Cell Application." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032209.

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Membranes made up of composite materials have shown promising advantages for application in alkaline fuel cell anion exchange membranes. In this study, a general method is employed to improve the overall performance and properties of alkaline anion exchange membranes by making use of polyethersulfone quaternized with imidazolium groups and blended with imidazolium functionalized graphene oxide inorganic filler (ImGO). The inorganic filler blended with the polymer matrix yielded better ionic transport, with 73.2 mS·cm−1 being the highest ion conductivity for the polymer membrane with 0.5% ImGO content, which is higher than that of the QPES parent material. The 0.5% ImGO content also showed better swelling ratio, water uptake, alkaline stability, ion exchange capacity and alkaline stability in comparison to other membranes. Furthermore, it also exhibited 130 mW·cm−2 peak power.

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Marushchak, Uliana, Myroslav Sanytsky, Nazar Sydor, and Ihor Margal. "ESIGNING OF ALKALINE ACTIVATED CEMENTING MATRIX OF ENGINEERED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES." Theory and Building Practice 2021, no. 2 (2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.02.052.

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The development of high-performance materials, which are characterized by high compressive and flexural strength, durability and performance properties, is an urgent problem of modern construction. Engineered cementitious composites are one such material. Improving of properties of composites is achieved by partial replacement of cement with supplementary cementitious materials. The ratio of binder and filler components and superplasticizer consumption were selected. The optimal ratio of cement:fly ash:sand is 1:1:1 and the dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticizer is 0.75% by weight of the binder. The reduction of the negative impact of the increased amount of fly ash, which is characterized by low reactivity, is provided by the introduction of metakaolin and alkaline hardening activator. Alkaline activated cement system is characterized by increasing of the early strength in 1.5 times comparison with equivalent mixture without alkaline activator. Strength of alkaline activated cementing matrix after 28 days is 66.1 MPa and specific strength Rc2/Rc28 is 0.61.

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Hyugmoon, Kwon, Huynh Hoang Min, Nguyen van Chanh, and Le Anh Tuan. "Influence of Curing Condition and Clay Content on Strength of Geopolymer Soils." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 858–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.858.

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Soil is known as green material with low carbon dioxide production emissions in comparison with another building material. In this research, soil combined to activator alkaline to produce hardening materials as eco-friendly to the environment. The alkaline with sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and fly ash are used. Curing temperature ranging from 80, to 140 degrees Celsius and curing time from 4 to 10 hours are investigated. The results show the strength of geopolymer soil is depended on curing time, temperature and sodium hydroxide-sodium silicate ratio. On the influence of clay content, soil is replaced by sand ranging from 20 to 80%, shows suitable clay which is from 4.79-12.43% by weight.

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Huang, Hai Yan, Ai Min Gong, and Kun Yuan. "Influence of Alkaline Activator on the Strength of Fly Ash-Cement Gel Sand Material." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.472.

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Influence of different kinds and mixing amount of the alkaline activators on the strength of fly ash-cement gel sand materials is discussed through experiment wit 29 group test specimen. The rupture strength and the compressive strength with the age of 3 and 28 days of test blocks mixed with NaOH or CaO are compared each other. The early activity of fly ash can be activated by mixing the alkaline activator. The early activity of fly ash can be activated by mixing with the alkaline activators. The setting time of fly ash-cement binders becomes better. And the early strength can be improved. The activated effect of fly ash-cement binders by different type of the alkaline activators is affected by the age of test blocks. The activated effect mixed with CaO is better than the effect mixed with NaOH.

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Konn, Jonas, Andrey Pranovich, and Bjarne Holmbom. "Dissolution of fibre material in alkaline pre-treatment and refining of spruce CTMP." Holzforschung 60, no. 1 (2006): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.007.

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Abstract The chemistry of chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) was assessed by chemical pre-treatment of spruce chips, followed by laboratory-scale refining. Pre-treatments with alkali, sulfite, alkaline sulfite and alkaline peroxide liquors were carried out at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C. The sodium hydroxide dosages were 1% and 2% and the sodium sulfite and hydrogen peroxide dosages were 2%, 4% and 6% on a dry wood basis. Process water samples were taken before and after refining. Alkali consumption in the pre-treatments and the amount and composition of released wood components were determined. A major part of the alkali was consumed in the alkaline and alkaline sulfite pre-treatments. In the alkaline peroxide pre-treatments, however, alkali consumption was considerably lower. Acetic acid was the main wood component released to the process waters in alkaline pre-treatments. Pectins, determined as galacturonic acid and rhamnose by acid methanolysis, were also released to some extent, as well as easily soluble polysaccharides. After fibre separation in refining, more hemicelluloses and pectins were released. There was a significant difference between the degree of demethylation for pectins and the degree of deacetylation for galactoglucomannans after the pre-treatments. The diffusion of chemicals into the secondary wall layers seemed to be slower than the liquor penetration into the porous middle lamella through the pit pores. Up to 10% of the pectins were dissolved in the process waters as a result of depolymerisation and extensive demethylation. The residual amount of pectins in the fibres, however, was determined to be as low as 65–70% of the initial pectin content.

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Gao, Chang, Haiyu Yao, Peijie Wang, Min Zhu, Xue-Rong Shi, and Shusheng Xu. "Carbon-Based Composites for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts: Design, Fabrication, and Application." Materials 17, no. 10 (2024): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102265.

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The four-electron oxidation process of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) highly influences the performance of many green energy storage and conversion devices due to its sluggish kinetics. The fabrication of cost-effective OER electrocatalysts via a facile and green method is, hence, highly desirable. This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress in creating carbon-based materials for alkaline OER. The contents mainly focus on the design, fabrication, and application of carbon-based materials for alkaline OER, including metal-free carbon materials, carbon-based supported composites, and carbon-based material core–shell hybrids. The work presents references and suggestions for the rational design of highly efficient carbon-based OER materials.

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Subhedar, Preeti B., and Parag R. Gogate. "Alkaline and ultrasound assisted alkaline pretreatment for intensification of delignification process from sustainable raw-material." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 21, no. 1 (2014): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.08.001.

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Aphichartsuphapkhajorn, Ketkanok, Yoshihiko Arao, and Masatoshi Kubouchi. "Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Flax Fabric-Reinforced Furan Composites: Effect of Alkaline Treatment and Silane Coupling Treatment." Materials Science Forum 951 (April 2019): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.951.33.

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Composite materials based on bio-derived furan resin and natural fiber as reinforcing elements were studied. The purpose of this research is to improve the mechanical properties of this composite material by focusing on the natural fiber treatment methods. Unidirectional flax fabric was pretreated by alkaline treatment, silane coupling treatment, and the combination between alkaline and silane treatment before impregnating with furan resin. Three-point bending test, SEM observation, and ATR-IR analysis were carried out to evaluate the effects of treatment methods on the composite samples. Results reveal that the flexural strength of the composite was increased to 215MPa, 232MPa, 247MPa for alkaline, silane, and alkaline-silane treated composites respectively while the flexural strength of the untreated composite sample is 200MPa. SEM images show the effects of alkaline treatment on a single flax fiber at different treatment durations. The coupling of silane on the surface of flax fiber was confirmed by ATR-IR.

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Salamanova, M. Sh. "Mortars on binding alkaline activation." Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 48, no. 4 (2022): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2021-48-4-178-186.

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Objective. The problems of the negative impact of the carbonate technology for the production of Portland cement are hotly discussed at many scientific sites and the world community is striving to create more environmentally friendly and less energy-intensive binders. The development of clinker-free technology will allow solving many problems of a global scale, and the use of recycled or substandard material will expand the raw material base and reduce the burden on the environment.Method. When designing formulations for building mortars, it is necessary to take into account the compliance with the requirements for all mortars in general, both for plastering and for masonry, finishing, repair, etc. The study of the compositions of mortars was carried out by standard methods using a verified and certified equipment. Result. The paper presents the results of many years of work on the development of building composites based on binders of alkaline activation. Grades of solutions M75 - 150 were obtained, with the mobility of the mortar mixture Pk 1-2, shelf life of 33-120 minutes, with high adhesive strength of 0.62- 0.71 MPa. Conclusion. The proposed mortar compositions will make it possible to perform plastering, masonry and repair work requiring quick setting, and with proper adherence to the proposed recipes and methods for making mortars, it will be possible to obtain high-quality and durable material.

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Gargul, K., P. Jarosz, and S. Małecki. "Alkaline Leaching of Low Zinc Content Iron-Bearing Sludges." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (2016): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0013.

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Various types of waste materials containing zinc (e.g. dusts and sludges from gas dedusting process) are obtained in steel industry. The contents of Zn in these materials may vary considerably. Even a low concentration of zinc in recirculated products precludes their recycling in ferrous metallurgy aggregates. Long storage of this type of material can lead to contamination of soil and water by zinc compounds which can be leached out by acid rain, for example. This paper focuses on research involving alkaline leaching tests of low zinc content iron-bearing materials. These tests were preceded by the analysis of the elemental, phase and grain size composition, and analysis of the thermodynamic conditions of the leaching process. The main aim of research was to decrease the content of the zinc in the sludge to the level where it is suitable as an iron-bearing material for iron production (~1% Zn). Leaching at elevated temperatures (368 K, 60 min) has led to a decrease in the zinc content in the sludge of about 66%. The research revealed that long hour leaching (298 K, 100 hours) carried out at ambient temperatures caused a reduction in zinc content by 60% to the value of 1.15-1.2% Zn.

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Peiqing, Li, Yu Bin, Li Shuaijun, and Li Yilin. "A review of research progress and development prospects of alkaliactivated materials." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 9, no. 3 (2022): 50–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10513655.

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Abstract Alkali-activated gelling material is a kind of gelling material that can stimulate the activity of precursors in an alkaline or strong alkali environment, so that it can maintain and develop properties. At present, the two most widely used alkali-activated gelling materials in the world The materials are high-calcium-alkaliactivated cementitious material system and low-calcium-alkali-activated cementitious material system, the former is mainly represented by granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and the latter is mainly represented by fly ash (FA). For the precursor to obtain an alkaline environment, an activator needs to be added. Alkali-excited materials do not require calcination in the preparation process, which enables them to save more resources than traditional cement materials, and alkali-excited cementitious materials have the characteristics of fast setting, early strength, and high temperature resistance. These characteristics make it better used in some special occasions, such as its fast setting and early strength characteristics can be well used in engineering repairs, etc., but these characteristics also limit its application in a wider range, so at present The main research direction in the world is how to make the alkali-excited materials have a larger application space. This paper briefly summarizes the research status and application prospects of alkali-excited gelling materials in improving fast setting and early strength.

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