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Journal articles on the topic 'Alkaloidal extracts'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Opletal, Lubomír, Miroslav Ločárek, Adéla Fraňková, et al. "Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts and Isoquinoline Alkaloids of Selected Papaveraceae Plants." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 12 (2014): 1934578X1400901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400901211.

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Alkaloidal extracts of seven selected plants of the family Papaveraceae were studied with respect to their activity against six strains of pathogenic bacteria and their alkaloidal fingerprint. Twenty-four alkaloids were determined by GC/MS, and twenty of them identified from their mass spectra, retention times and retention indexes. In the antibacterial assay, three Gram-positive ( Enterorococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and S. hyicus), and three Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains were used. The most promising antimicrobial activity was shown by the alkaloidal extract of Macleaya cordata with MIC values of 16 μg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 32 μg/mL for Enterococcus faecalis and 64 μg/mL for Staphylococcus hyicus and Escherichia coli. All the tested pure isoquinoline alkaloids were considered inactive within the tested concentrations.

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Cruz-Chacón, Iván De la, Alma Rosa González-Esquinca, Patricia Guevara Fefer, and Luis Felipe Jímenez Garcia. "Liriodenine, Early Antimicrobial Defence in Annona diversifolia." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 66, no. 7-8 (2011): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2011-7-809.

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Annonaceae aporphine alkaloids, of which liriodenine is the most abundant, have not been extensively studied from a biological standpoint. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of liriodenine in antimicrobial defense during early developmental stages in Annona diversifolia. The fungi Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus glaucus, which are responsible for seed deterioration, were isolated during imbibition, and their antifungal activity was determined by diffusion, macrodilution, and metabolic inhibition assays using purified liriodenine and alkaloid extracts obtained from embryos, radicles, and roots at early developmental stages. The presence of liriodenine in extracts was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Purified liriodenine and alkaloidal extracts inhibited both fungi, and there was a positive relationship between extract activity and amount of liriodenine contained therein. The quantity of liriodenine present in extracts suggests its importance in controlling other phytopathogens.

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El-Shazly, A., A. M. Ateya, L. Witte, and M. Wink. "Quinolizidine Alkaloid Profiles of Retama raetam, R. sphaerocarpa and R. monosperma." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 5-6 (1996): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-5-607.

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Abstract About 28 quinolizidine alkaloids and the dipiperidine alkaloids am modendrine, dehydroammodendrine and N -formylammodendrine were identified in the alkaloidal extracts of Retama raetam, Retama sphaerocarpa and Retama monosperma by capillary GLC and GLCMS. Alkaloid profiles of the three Retama species with a Mediterranean distribution are more similar than alkaloid patterns of different organs of the same plant. Whereas sparteine and retamine are the major components of stems, lupanine, retam ine, N-methylcytisine and cytisine dominate in flowers and pods, and cytisine in seeds indicating a high degree of organ specificity of alkaloid storage.

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Bakr, Riham O., Mohammed F. El-Behairy, Ahmed M. Elissawy, Hanan Elimam, and Marwa A. A. Fayed. "New Adenosine Derivatives from Aizoon canariense L.: In Vitro Anticholinesterase, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Its Extracts." Molecules 26, no. 5 (2021): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051198.

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Aizoaceae is a large succulent family characterized by many psychoactive species. Aizoon canariense L., a wild neglected plant traditionally used in gastrointestinal ailments, has been the subject of a limited number of phytochemical and biological studies. Therefore, herein, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and anticholinesteraseactivity of the aerial parts of A. canariense L. and analyzed the phytochemical compositions of the lipoidal and alkaloidal fractions. Petroleum ether extract showed the presence of behenic and tricosylic acid, while an in-depth investigation of the alkaloidal fraction revealed the identification of new adenine based alkaloids (1–5), which were isolated and identified for the first time from Aizoon canariense L. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. The alkaloidal extract showed a powerful cytotoxic effect (IC50 14–28 μg/mL), with the best effect against colon carcinoma, followed by liver and breast carcinomas. The alkaloidal extract also had a potent effect against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of 312.5 and 625 µg/mL. The in vitro anticholinesterase activity was potent, with IC50 < 200 ng/mL for the tested extracts compared with 27.29 ± 0.49 ng/mL for tacrine.

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Ločárek, Miroslav, Jitka Nováková, Pavel Klouček, et al. "Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts and Alkaloids of Selected Amaryllidaceae Species." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 9 (2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000912.

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Alkaloidal extracts of six selected species of Amaryllidaceae were studied with respect to their antibacterial and anti-yeast activity and their alkaloidal fingerprint. Twenty-five alkaloids were determined by GC/MS, and sixteen of them identified from their mass spectra, retention times and retention indexes. In the antimicrobial assay, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus were used, along with isolates of the human pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis and Lodderomyces elongiosporus. The six extracts, together with 19 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids isolated in our laboratory, showed almost no inhibitory activity against the bacteria tested. However, promising anti-yeast properties were detected; the most potent activity was shown by lycorine, which inhibited C. dubliniensis with a MIC of 32 μg/mL, C. albicans and L. elongiosporus, both with MICs of 64 μg/mL, followed by caranine inhibiting C. dubliniensis with a MIC of 128 μg/mL. Among the alkaloidal extracts, Narcissus jonquilla cv. Baby Moon showed the most potent anti-yeast activity, with minimal and average MIC values of 128 and 192 μg/mL, respectively, followed by Leucojum aestivum, Narcissus poeticus var. recurvus and N. canaliculatus (average MICs 256, 267 and 299 μg/mL, respectively). The lowest MIC value among extracts was obtained for N. canaliculatus against L. elongiosporus (MIC 64 μg/mL).

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Yang, Zhong Duo, Jin Ren, and Zong Mei Shu. "Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of the Total Alkaloid and Organic Acid from Chinese Herbal Medicines." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.899.

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The aim of this study was to search for potential monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors from Chinese herbal medicine. The organic acid extracts of 34 and the total alkaloidal extracts of 30 traditional Chinese medicines were tested for their MAO inhibitory activities. The results showed that the organic acid extracts of Liquidambar formosana, Pharbitis nil, Punica granatum and alkaloid extracts of Coptis chinensis exhibited the most potent inhibition on MAO and their concentration that inhibited 50% of MAO activity (IC50) values less than 10 μg/mL.

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El-Shazly, Assem, Abdel-Monem M. Ateya, and Michael Wink. "Quinolizidine Alkaloid Profiles of Lupinus varius orientalis, L. albus albus, L. hartwegii, and L. densiflorus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 56, no. 1-2 (2001): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2001-1-204.

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Abstract Alkaloid profiles of two Lupinus species growing naturally in Egypt (L. albus albus [synonym L. term is], L. varius orientalis) in addition to two New World species (L. hartwegii, L. densiflorus) which were cultivated in Egypt were studied by capillary GLC and GLC-mass spectrometry with respect to quinolizidine alkaloids. Altogether 44 quinolizidine, bipiperidyl and proto-indole alkaloids were identified; 29 in L. albus, 13 in L. varius orientalis, 15 in L. hartwegii, 6 in L. densiflorus. Some of these alkaloids were identified for the first time in these plants. The alkaloidal patterns of various plant organs (leaves, flowers, stems, roots, pods and seeds) are documented. Screening for antimicrobial activity of these plant extracts demonstrated substantial activity against Candida albicans, A spergillus flavus and Bacillus subtilis.

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Bonagiri Sreedevi, Vijaya Kuchana, and Shobharani S. "Comparative evaluation of anti-diabetic action and pancreatic histopathology of rats treated with two alkaloidal plant extracts." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 1841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4387.

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This study aimed to understand Strychnosnuxvomica and Holarrhena pubescens Stem bark extract action towards M3 receptor in controlling blood glucose levels. Strychnos nux vomica and Holarrhena pubescens are both alkaloidal drugs can help in controlling Hyperglycemic level. This will be useful in the formulation of a new herbal drug molecule for treating diabetes. Chloroform and ethanolic extracts of selected alkaloidal plants were extracted using the soxhlet apparatus and obtained quotes were tested for acute toxicity studies and carried out anti-diabetic action on Wister albino rats for 21 days. Results obtained from Blood glucose levels and histopathological study of test groups are compared with blood glucose levels of standard group, and highly significant action was identified by the chloroform extract of Strychnos nux vomica and Holarrhena pubescens group. Moderate anti-diabetic action was observed remaining two groups of ethanolic extracts. Strychnos nux vomica and Holarrhena pubescens ethanolic extract groups are acting on M3 receptors and controlling Hyperglycemic levels.

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Gacemi, Safia, Khedidja Benarous, Santiago Imperial, and Mohamed Yousfi. "Lepidine B & E as New Target Inhibitors from Lepidium Sativum Seeds Against Four Enzymes of the Pathogen Candida albicans: In Vitro and In Silico Studies." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 1 (2020): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530319666190415141520.

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Background and Objective: The present paper aims to study the inhibition of Candida albicans growth as candidiasis treatment, using seeds of Lepidium sativum as source. Methods: In vitro assays were carried out on the antifungal activity of three kinds of extracts from L. sativum seeds against four strains of C. albicans, then testing the same phytochemicals on the inhibition of Lipase (LCR). A new in silico study was achieved using molecular docking, with Autodock vina program, to find binding affinity of two important and major lepidine alkaloids (lepidine E and B) towards the four enzymes secreted by C. albicans as target drugs, responsible of vitality and virulence of this yeast cells: Lipase, Serine/threonine phosphatase, Phosphomannose isomerase and Sterol 14-alpha demethylase (CYP51). Results: The results of the microdillution assay show that the hexanic and alkaloidal extracts have an antifungal activity with MICs: 2.25 mg/ml and 4.5mg/ml, respectively. However, Candida rugosa lipase assay gives a remarkable IC50 values for the hexanic extract (1.42± 0.04 mg/ml) followed by 1.7± 0.1 and 2.29 ± 0.09 mg/ml of ethyl acetate and alkaloidal extracts respectively. The molecular docking confirms a significant correlation between C. albicans growth and inhibition of crucial enzymes involved in the invasion mechanism and cellular metabolisms, for the first time there were an interesting and new positive results on binding modes of lepidine E and B on the four studied enzymes. Conclusion: Through this work, we propose Lepidine B & E as potent antifungal drugs.

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Sarikaya, Buket Bozkurt, Strahil Berkov, Jaume Bastida, Gulen Irem Kaya, Mustafa Ali Onur, and Nehir Unver Somer. "GC-MS Investigation of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids in Galanthus xvalentinei nothosubsp. subplicatus." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 3 (2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800312.

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A GC-MS analysis of alkaloids in the aerial parts and bulbs of Galanthus x valentinei nothosubsp. subplicatus was performed for the first time. Totally, twenty-six alkaloids were identified, of which tazettine and galanthindole were the major ones. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the alkaloidal extracts was determined using modified in vitro Ellman's method. Significant anticholinesterase activity was observed in the tested samples (bulbs: IC50 = 21.3 μg/mL, aerial parts: IC50 = 16.3 μg/mL).

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Ampofo, Elikplim Kwesi, Isaac Kingsley Amponsah, Evelyn Asante-Kwatia, Francis Ackah Armah, Philip Kobla Atchoglo, and Abraham Yeboah Mensah. "Indigenous Medicinal Plants as Biofilm Inhibitors for the Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020 (October 23, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8821905.

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The majority of indigenes in the rural areas of Ghana use herbal medicines for their primary health care. In this study, an ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to document medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the Ejisu-Juaben district in the Ashanti region of Ghana to treat infections and to further investigate the antibiofilm formation properties of selected plants in resisting pathogenic bacteria. Seventy medicinal plants used by traditional practitioners for the treatment of skin infections and wounds were documented from the ethnobotanical survey. Forty out of the seventy plants were collected and their methanol extracts evaluated for antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion assay. Extracts that showed antibacterial activity were tested for biofilm inhibitory activity, and the most active plant was subsequently purified to obtain the active constituents. Biofilm formation was significantly mitigated by petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an alkaloidal extract prepared from the methanol fraction led to the isolation of three steroidal alkaloids, namely, holonamine, holadienine, and conessine. The isolated compounds demonstrated varying degrees of biofilm formation inhibitory properties. The current study reveals that screening of indigenous medicinal plants could unravel potential leads to salvage the declining efficacy of conventional antibiotics. Holarrhena floribunda stem bark extract has strong biofilm formation inhibition properties, which could be attributed to the presence of steroidal alkaloids.

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Breiterová, Kateřina, Miroslav Ločárek, Eliška Kohelová, et al. "Daffodils as Potential Crops of Biologically-active Compounds: Assessment of 40 Ornamental Taxa for their Alkaloid Profile and Cholinesterases Inhibition Activity." Natural Product Communications 13, no. 4 (2018): 1934578X1801300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1801300410.

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Many varieties of Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) are planted on a large scale for ornamental purposes and at the same time they represent a rich reservoir of potential small chemical molecules that display several medicinal properties. Of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, considerable attention has been given to galanthamine, which possesses acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Recent investigation has shown the pharmaceutical potential of other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, such as lycorine, haemanthamine, and pancratistatine, primarily as anticancer drugs. In the current study, 40 Narcissus taxa were evaluated for their alkaloid profile by GC-MS. The aim of this work was to find the most suitable Narcissus varieties for a reliable source of galanthamine, lycorine, and haemanthamine for commercial production. Based on their mass spectra, 97 typical Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were detected of which 49 were identified. The highest concentrations of pharmaceutically-interesting Amaryllidaceae alkaloids were identified in the ornamental taxa N. cv Sundisc (galanthamine), N. cv. Jenny (lycorine), and N. cv. Sealing (haemanthamine). All alkaloidal extracts were also screened for their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.

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Magpantay, Hilbert D., Ivane N. Malaluan, Joe Anthony H. Manzano, et al. "Antibacterial and COX-2 Inhibitory Tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Philippine Medicinal Plant Phaeanthus ophthalmicus." Plants 10, no. 3 (2021): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030462.

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Phaeanthus ophthalmicus (Roxb. ex G.Don) J.Sinclair (previously known as P. ebracteolatus (Presl) Merr) is a Philippine medicinal plant occurring as evergreen shrub in the lowland forests of Luzon islands. It is used traditionally by Filipinos to treat bacterial conjunctivitis, ulcer and wound infections. Based on previous investigations where cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) functions as immune-linked factor in infectious sensitivities to bacterial pathogens by triggering pro-inflammatory immune-associated reactions, we investigated the antimicrobial and COX inhibitory activities of the extracts and tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids of P. ophthalmicus in vitro and in silico to validate its ethnomedicinal uses. Thus, the dichloromethane–methanol (DCM–MeOH) crude extract and alkaloid extracts exhibiting antibacterial activities against drug-resistant bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Klebsiella pneumoniae + CRE and Pseudomonas aeruginosa + MBL afforded (+)-tetrandrine (1) and (+)-limacusine (2) as the major biologically active tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloidal constituents after purification. Both tetrahydrobisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids 1 and 2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity with strongest inhibition against the Gram-negative bacteria MβL-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae + CRE. Interestingly, the alkaloid limacusine (2) showed selective inhibition against ovine COX-2 in vitro. These results were ascertained by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation experiments where alkaloid 2 showed strong affinity in the catalytic sites of Gram-negative bacterial enzymes P. aeruginosa elastase and K. pneumoniae KPC-2 carbapenemase (enzymes involved in infectivity mechanisms), and of ovine COX-2. Overall, our study provides credence on the ethnomedicinal use of the Philippine medicinal plant P. ophthalmicus as traditional plant-based adjuvant to treat bacterial conjunctivitis and other related infections. The antibacterial activities and selective COX-2 inhibition observed for limacusine (2) point to its role as the biologically active constituent of P. ophthalmicus. A limited number of drugs with COX-2 inhibitory properties like celecoxib also confer antibacterial activity. Thus, tetrahydrobisbenzyl alkaloids, especially 2, are promising pharmaceutical inspirations for developing treatments of bacterial/inflammation-related infections.

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Garaev, Eldar Abdulla, Adila Karam Valiyeva, Amalia Nazim Karamli, and Nigar Mustafa Huseynova. "INVESTIGATION NON-ALKALOIDAL BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF DATURA INNOXIA." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021027947.

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The purpose of the investigation is to study non-alkaloidal biological active compounds of various organs, the antimicrobial activity of plant oil and ethanolic extracts of Datura innoxia Mill. from nightshades (Solanaceae). D. innoxia grows in the natural environmental conditions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. We have studied presence of several biological active compounds – triterpenoic acids, essential oils, fatty acids, sterols and amino acids in the content of various organs of plant. Oil was obtained by using Soxhlet apparatus and investigated by GC method. After removing the oil from the seeds, triterpenoic acids - oleanolic and ursolic acids were isolated and identified by TLC. Essential oils were obtained from plant leaves by hydrodistillation and studied by GC-MS method. 20 amino acids were identified in the aerial part of the plant by the HPLC method, with amino acid analyzer L-8800 (Hitachi, Ltd.), 12 of them are non-essential, 8 are essential. The antimicrobial activity of plant oils of seed and ethanolic extracts of some parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds) were studied on Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus anthracoides, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The significant activity of some extracts (stems, leaves, fruits and seeds) was observed against S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans, B. anthracoides and plant oil against C. albicans.

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Sierra, Cortés, Tallini, et al. "Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids from Zephyrantes Carinata and Their Evaluation as Cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) Inhibitors." Proceedings 22, no. 1 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019022066.

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The subfamily Amaryllidoideae within of the Amaryllidaceae family has an exclusive group of compounds called Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Galanthamine, the most known Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, is approved by the FDA as an inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for the palliative treatment of Alzheimer Disease (AD). However, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) contributes critically to cholinergic dysfunction associated with AD. Thus, the development of novel therapeutics may involve the inhibition of both cholinesterase enzymes. Zephyranthes carinata, a species of the Amaryllidaceae family, has been reported to have inhibitory activity against cholinesterases. In order to determine the enzymatic inhibition potential, the major alkaloids of bulbs and leaves of Z. carinata were evaluated in both AChE and BChE. A purification and characterization process was made using different chromatographic and spectrometric techniques, and the inhibitory activity was evaluated with the Ellman method. Alkaloidal extracts of bulbs and leaves exhibited an inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 5.8 ± 0.2 and 8.7 ± 0.3 μg/mL, respectively, against AChE. Further, bulb extract showed IC50 values of 77.9 ± 3.4 μg/mL against BChE. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids hamayne, pseudolycorine, galanthine, criasbetaine, tazettine, lycoramine, hippeastidine, galanthamine, trisphaeridine, 3-epimacronine, haemanthamine, lycorine, and vittatine were purified and evaluated for their AChE and BChE inhibitory activities. Lycoramine (galanthamine type) presented the lowest IC50 value in AChE (17 ± 0.7 μg/mL), and trisphaeridine (narciclasine type) showed the lowest IC50 value in BChE (33.1 ± 3.6 μg/mL). Combined major alkaloids (>10%) were analyzed to observe synergistic behavior. The mixture alkaloids lycoramine and galanthine presented IC50 values of 14.55 ± 1.0 μg/mL against AChE, and the lycoramine, trisphaeridine, and vittatine mix presented IC50 values of 38.42 ± 3.4 μg/mL in BChE. These results showed prominent inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE enzymes, indicating their potential as agents for treating AD through a combined strategy.

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Yemoa, Achille, Joachim Gbenou, Dissou Affolabi, et al. "Beninese Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antimycobacterial Agents: Bioguided Fractionation andIn VitroActivity of Alkaloids Isolated fromHolarrhena floribundaUsed in Traditional Treatment of Buruli Ulcer." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/835767.

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Buruli ulcer (BU) imposes a serious economic burden on affected households and on health systems that are involved in diagnosing the disease and treating patients. Research is needed to find cost-effective therapies for this costly disease. Plants have always been an important source of new pharmacologically active molecules. Consequently we decided to undertake the study of plants used in traditional treatment of BU in Benin and investigate their antimycobacterial activity as well as their chemical composition. Extracts from forty-four (44) plant species were selected on account of reported traditional uses for the treatment of BU in Benin and were assayed for antimycobacterial activities. Crude hydroethanolic extract from aerial parts ofHolarrhena floribunda(G. Don) T. Durand and Schinz was found to have significant antimycobacterial activity againstM.ulcerans(MIC = 125 µg/mL). We describe here the identification of four steroidal alkaloids fromMycobacterium ulceransgrowth-inhibiting fractions of the alkaloidal extract of the aerial parts ofHolarrhena floribunda. Holadysamine was purified in sufficient amount to allow the determination of its MCI (=50 µg/mL). These results give some support to the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

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Cunha, Ananda de Castro, Talita Perez Cantuaria Chierrito, Gerzia Maria de Carvalho Machado, et al. "Anti-leishmanial activity of alkaloidal extracts obtained from different organs of Aspidosperma ramiflorum." Phytomedicine 19, no. 5 (2012): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2011.12.004.

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Singh, Baljinder, Rajiv Sharma, Rajiv Sharma, Kalia A.N., and Kalia A.N. "Anti-inflammatory potential of root and stem extracts of Sesbania sesban." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 11 (2017): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.6.11.12.

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Successive extracts of root and stem of Sesbania sesban were investigated for in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory potential employing human red blood cell membrane stabilization and rats paw edema methods respectively. Currently much interest is being paid in the search of medicinal plants with potent anti-inflammatory activity which may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic entity. The plant based agents are not only used to suppress the inflammation but also used in different disease conditions where the inflammation responses are amplifying the disease process. The potency of the successive extracts of root and stem of Sesbania sesban were compared with standard diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg/b.w.). The n-butanol, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts showed the most significant (p<0.01) whereas chloroform and total alkaloidal extracts showed modereate anti-inflammatory effects on membrane stabilizing action on human red blood cell membrane and inhibition of rats paw edema methods.

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Nishiyama, Yumi, Masataka Moriyasu, Momoyo Ichimaru, et al. "Antinociceptive effects of the extracts of Xylopia parviflora bark and its alkaloidal components in experimental animals." Journal of Natural Medicines 64, no. 1 (2009): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11418-009-0356-2.

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Zareena, Bibi, Adeeba Khadim, Syed Usama Y. Jeelani, Saddam Hussain, Arslan Ali, and Syed Ghulam Musharraf. "High-Throughput Detection of an Alkaloidal Plant Metabolome in Plant Extracts Using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS." Journal of Proteome Research 20, no. 8 (2021): 3826–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00111.

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Teng, Woon-Chien, Wilson Chan, Rossarin Suwanarusk, et al. "In vitro Antimalarial Evaluations and Cytotoxicity Investigations of Carica papaya Leaves and Carpaine." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 1 (2019): 1934578X1901400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1901400110.

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the antimalarial property of Carica papaya L. leaf extracts and the cytotoxicity of active samples. C. papaya leaves were extracted and screened against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Dd2 strains. Bioassay-guided fractionation was carried out. The dichloromethane extract of C. papaya leaves showed significant antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum 3D7 and Dd2. Successful bioassay-guided fractionation afforded a fraction three to seven times more active than the dichloromethane extract. Carpaine was isolated from the most active alkaloidal extract and identified in the active fraction and dichloromethane leaf extract. The cytotoxicity of active samples was evaluated against NL20 cells. A haemolysis assay was performed on carpaine. Carpaine exhibited good activity against both strains of P. falciparum with IC50 of 2.01 ± 0.18 μg/mL (4.21 μM) and 2.19 ± 0.60 μg/mL (4.57 μM) against 3D7 and Dd2 strains respectively. It exhibited high selectivity for the parasite and was non-toxic to healthy uninfected human red blood cells. This is the first study investigating the haemolysis potential of carpaine. The results provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of C. papaya leaves for malaria treatment. More work is required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carpaine for further development into potential new antimalarial drugs.

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Fournet, A., M. E. Ferreira, A. Rojas De Arias, et al. "In vivo efficacy of oral and intralesional administration of 2-substituted quinolines in experimental treatment of new world cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 11 (1996): 2447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.11.2447.

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The antileishmanial efficacies of 2-n-propylquinoline, chimanines B and D, 2-n-pentylquinoline, 2-phenylquinoline, 2-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenylethyl) quinoline, and two total alkaloidal extracts of Galipea longiflora were evaluated in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis or Leishmania venezuelensis. Animals were treated for 4 to 6 weeks postinfection with a quinoline by the oral route at 50 mg/kg of body weight twice daily for 15 days or by five intralesional injections at intervals of 4 days with a quinoline at 50 mg/kg of body weight. The reference drug, N-methylglucamine antimonate (Glucantime), was administered by subcutaneous or intralesional injection (regimens of 14, 28, or 56 mg of pentavalent antimony [Sbv] per kg of body weight daily). Twice-daily oral treatment with chimanine B at 50 mg/kg resulted in a decrease in lesion weight by 70% (P < 0.001) and a decrease in the parasite loads by 95% (P < 0.001). Five injections of chimanine B at intervals of 4 days reduced the lesion weight by 74% and the parasite loads in the lesion by 90% compared with the values for the group of untreated mice. Subcutaneous administration of N-methylglucamine antimonate at 28 mg of Sbv kg per day for 15 days reduced the parasite burden by 95% (P < 0.001), and five intralesional injections at the same concentration reduced the parasite burden by 96% (P < 0.001). Other 2-substituted quinolines, 2-n-propylquinoline administered by the oral and intralesional routes, 2-phenylquinoline administered by the oral route, 2-n-pentylquinoline administered by intralesional injection, and two total alkaloidal extracts of G. longiflora administered by the oral route, had intermediate effects. These findings suggest that chimanine B may be chosen as a lead molecule in the development of oral therapy against leishmaniasis.

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Jigam, Ali Audu, Fatima Mahmood, and Bashir Lawal. "Protective effects of crude and alkaloidal extracts of Tamarindus indica against acute inflammation and nociception in rats." Journal of Acute Disease 6, no. 2 (2017): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jad.6.2017jadweb-2016-0076.

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Sokomba, Elijah, Charles Wambebe, B. K. Chowdhury, Jessie Iriah, O. N. Ogbeide, and D. Orkor. "Preliminary phytochemical, pharmacological and antibacterial studies of the alkaloidal extracts of the leaves of Synclisia scabrida miers." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 18, no. 2 (1986): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90029-2.

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Jesselyn Cua, Sharmaine, Marcelina Lirazan, and Michael Russelle Alvarez. "In vitro Antacid Screening of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Ixora Coccinea (Linn). and Mimosa Pudica (Linn.)." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (2018): 2246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340504.

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Ixora coccinea L. (santan) and Mimosa pudica L. (makahiya) ethanolic and aqueous extracts were screened for their in vitro antacid potentials using the preliminary antacid test, determination of acid neutralization capacity, acid neutralizing effect, duration of consistent neutralization, and buffering capacity. Phytochemical screening and quantification of alkaloids were also done and the alkaloid content was correlated to the in vitro antacid potentials of the extracts. Among the extracts, the M. pudica aqueous extract gave the best preliminary antacid test result (1.0066±0.0083 pH) and acid neutralization capacity (0.0711±0.0038 mmol H+). Its aqueous extract showed comparable acid neutralizing effect (3.507% acid neutralized) on gastric juice with that of its ethanol extract (3.509% acid neutralized). On the other hand, the I. coccinea aqueous extract had the highest acid buffering capacity (0.0701±0.0020 mmol H+/pH). Both aqueous extracts gave the longest duration of neutralization with 9±1.732 minutes. All the extracts were tested positive for flavonoids, indoles, tannins, anthraquinones, anthrones, and alkaloids, with the I. coccinea aqueous extract having the highest alkaloid content (18.0282±1.2607% w alkaloid/w extract). This study provides the first reported proof of the antacid activities of I. coccinea and M. pudica. Further tests, including mouse model assays, are suggested to determine the efficacy of the extracts in vivo.

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Diego, Vinueza, Portero Santiago, Pilco Gisela, GarcÍa Marlene, Acosta Karen, and Abdo Susana. "IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND CYTOTOXICITY OF CRINUM X AMABILE GROWN IN ECUADOR." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 10 (2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.26962.

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Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract and total alkaloid extract obtained from leaves and bulbs of Crinum x amabile (CA) growing in Ecuador.Methods: Methanolic extracts of dry powered leaves and bulbs of CA obtained by cold maceration method were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. Total alkaloid extracts of leaves and bulbs of CA were obtained by conventional extraction of alkaloids base with an organic solvent. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the four extracts were investigated by in vitro isolated neutrophils model using stable tetrazolium salt (WST-1).Results: Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts revealed the major classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, and steroids, but no proteins or saponins could be detected on leaves extract. Extracts obtained from bulbs both methanolic and total alkaloids of CA show an interesting anti-inflammatory activity, although it was not significant compared to the standard anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin. Cytotoxicity of bulb alkaloid extract was lower compared with all of the other extracts.Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it could be concluded that CA is a very interesting source of natural anti-inflammatory compounds (especially alkaloids) which could be used to prevent many chronic disorders. Further, phytochemical studies are necessary to identify the chemical compounds responsible for the significant anti-inflammatory activity showed.

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Ajibade, Victor Adeyinka, and Oladiran Famurewa. "Antibacterial Activity of Saponin and Alkaloidal Extracts of Whole Plant of Phyllanthus niruri L., (Syn. P. franternus Webster)." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 54, no. 1 (2011): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.54.1.2011.47.52.

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., S. W. Hassan, R. A. Umar ., M. Lawal ., et al. "Effect of Alkaloidal and Aqueous Ethanol Extracts of Roots of Boscia angustifolia (Capparidaceae) on Hepatorenal Functions in Albino Rats." Asian Journal of Biochemistry 1, no. 4 (2006): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2006.287.296.

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Zielińska, Wójciak-Kosior, Dziągwa-Becker, et al. "The Activity of Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Extracts from Chelidonium majus against Pathogenic Bacteria and Candida sp." Toxins 11, no. 7 (2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070406.

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Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae) extracts exhibit antimicrobial activity due to the complex alkaloid composition. The aim of the research was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of extracts from wild plants and in vitro cultures, as well as seven major individual alkaloids. Plant material derived from different natural habitats and in vitro cultures was used for the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial tests. The composition of alkaloids was analyzed using chromatographic techniques (HPLC with DAD detection). The results have shown that roots contained higher number and amounts of alkaloids in comparison to aerial parts. All tested plant extracts manifested antimicrobial activity, related to different chemical structures of the alkaloids. Root extract used at 31.25–62.5 mg/L strongly reduced bacterial biomass. From the seven individually tested alkaloids, chelerythrine was the most effective against P. aeruginosa (MIC at 1.9 mg/L), while sanguinarine against S. aureus (MIC at 1.9 mg/L). Strong antifungal activity was observed against C. albicans when chelerythrine, chelidonine, and aerial parts extract were used. The experiments with plant extracts, individually tested alkaloids, and variable combinations of the latter allowed for a deeper insight into the potential mechanisms affecting the activity of this group of compounds.

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Ethiraj, Sumathi, and Vandana Sridar. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND EXTRACTION OF ACTIVE COMPOUND (ANONAINE) FROM FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT OF ANNONA RETICULATA L." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 11 (2018): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i11.27838.

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Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the phytochemical constituents, total phenol, total flavonoid, alkaloid content, in vitro antioxidant activity and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of anonaine compound from the fruit peel extract of Annona reticulata L.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis for alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids was studied. Quantitative phytochemical analysis for total phenolics, total flavonoids and alkaloids was determined according to standard protocols. In vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated by assessing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity by following standard procedure. HPLC analysis was carried out to identify a major metabolite, namely, anonaine compound from fruit peel extract of A. reticulata L.Results: Phytochemical screening of various extracts such as aqueous, ethanol, chloroform, acetone, and petroleum ether of fruit peel extracts revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and steroids. Total phenol, flavonoid and alkaloid contents were quantitatively estimated which recorded maximum in Ooty accession (17.75±0.13 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 13.97±0.21 mg quercetin equivalents/g, and alkaloid content of 6.92±0.14 mg/g), respectively. Among three accessions with five different solvents used, maximum antioxidant activity was found in aqueous peel extract (90.76±1.3%) from Ooty accession followed by others. The results of HPLC analysis in the fruit peel extract of A. reticulata proved the presence of the active principle, namely anonaine compound.Conclusion: Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of using fruit peel extracts of A. reticulata as a potent source of natural antioxidant and thus could prevent many free radical mediated diseases. The validated HPLC method can be used for routine quality control analysis.

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Trindade, Roseane Cristina Prédes, Paulo Pedro da Silva, João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior, Ivanildo Soares de Lima, José Elias de Paula, and Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant'Ana. "Mortality of Plutella xylostella larvae treated with Aspidosperma pyrifolium ethanol extracts." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 43, no. 12 (2008): 1813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2008001200024.

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The objective of this work was to assess the effects of Aspidosperma pyrifolium ethanol extracts on cabbage moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae. The ethanol extracts of the stem bark, fruits and roots of A. pyrifolium were obtained by classical phytochemical methods, and the resulting subfractions were tested on P. xylostella, using 4 and 5 mg L-1. The crude ethanol extract of the stem bark was more lethal. The alkaloid-rich aqueous subfraction derived from the stem bark extract caused 100% larval mortality at 4 mg L-1. Insecticidal activity was associated with the presence of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids aspidofractinine, 15-demethoxypyrifoline, and N-formylaspidofractinine. These alkaloids presented excellent insecticidal properties against P. xylostella.

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Cahlíková, Lucie, Nina Benešová, Kateřina Macáková, et al. "Alkaloids from Some Amaryllidaceae Species and Their Cholinesterase Activity." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 5 (2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700506.

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Alkaloid extracts of four Amaryllidaceae species were studied with respect to their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and alkaloid patterns. Twenty-one alkaloids were determined by GC/MS, and seventeen of them identified from their mass spectra and retention times. The GC/MS analysis of the alkaloid extract of Nerine filamentosa is the first phytochemical investigation of this species. Promising erythrocytic acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was demonstrated by the alkaloid extracts of Narcissus poeticus var recurvus, Nerine filifolia and N. filamentosa (IC50,HuAChE = 6.0 ± 0.1 μg/mL; IC50,HuAChE = 18.5 ± 0.8 μg/mL, IC50,HuAChE = 21.6 ± 1.1 μg/mL). The most potent inhibitory activity against serum butyrylcholinesterase was shown by extracts of Sternbergia lutea and Nerine filamentosa (IC50,HuBuChE = 3.7 ± 0.1 μg/mL; IC50,HuBuChE = 13.0 ± 0.7 μg/mL).

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Vrancheva, Radka Z., Ivan G. Ivanov, Ina Y. Aneva, Ivayla N. Dincheva, Ilian K. Badjakov, and Atanas I. Pavlov. "Alkaloid profiles and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of Fumaria species from Bulgaria." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 71, no. 1-2 (2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2014-4179.

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Abstract GC-MS analysis of alkaloid profiles of five Fumaria species, naturally grown in Bulgaria (F. officinalis, F. thuretii, F. kralikii, F. rostellata and F. schrammii) and analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of alkaloid extracts were performed. Fourteen isoquinoline alkaloids were identified, with the principle ones being protopine, cryptopine, sinactine, parfumine, fumariline, fumarophycine, and fumaritine. Protopine contents, defined by HPLC analysis varied between 210.6 ± 8.8 μg/g DW (F. schrammii) and 334.5 ± 7.1 μg/g DW. (F. rostellata). While all of the investigated alkaloid extracts significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, the F. kralikii demonstrated the highest level of inhibition (IC50 0.13 ± 0.01 mg extract/mL).

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AL-Khateeb, Iqbal Hasan. "A New Method for the Isolation and Purification of Trigonelline as Hydrochloride from Trigonella foenum-graecum L." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 3 (2019): 0550. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3.0550.

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Separation of Trigonelline, the major alkaloid in fenugreek seeds, is difficult because the extract of these seeds usually contains Trigonelline, choline, mucilage, and steroidal saponins, in addition to some other substances. This study amis to isolate the quaternary ammonium alkaloid (Trigonelline) and choline from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella-foenum graecum L.) which have similar physiochemical properties by modifying of the classical method. Seeds were defatted and then extracted with methanol. The presence of alkaloids was detected by using Mayer's and Dragendorff's reagents. In this work, trigonilline was isolated with traces of choline by subsequent processes of purification using analytical and preparative TLC techniques. Further identification was done by using HPLC, IR and MP. Pure Trigonelline was isolated from the seeds of Trigonella-foenum graecum excluding other alkaloid like choline. In this study, a new, fast and convenient method for isolation and purification of Trigonelline from fenugreek seeds has been established. Unlike other methods, this one excludes all the non-alkaloidal components from the fenugreek seeds extract.

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Masnon, Fatin Fasihah, Najmah PS Hassan, and Farediah Ahmad. "Aporphine Alkaloids of Cinnamomum mollissimum and their Bioactivities." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 1 (2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900110.

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A chemical investigation of the crude extracts of Cinnamomum mollissimum bark resulted in the isolation of five aporphine alkaloids, namely N-methyl-1,2,10-trimethoxyaporphine, N-methylhernagine, N-methylhernovine, hernagine and hernovine. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. The alkaloid crude extract demonstrated significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

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Cahlíková, Lucie, Nina Benešová, Kateřina Macáková, Klára Urbanová, and Lubomír Opletal. "GC/MS Analysis of Three Amaryllidaceae Species and Their Cholinesterase Activity." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 9 (2011): 1934578X1100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100600912.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the death of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, is the most common subtype of dementia. Despite the exponential growth in the number of AD patients, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are currently used to treat AD. Plants of the Amaryllidaceae family are known to synthesize a particular type of bioactive compounds, named Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, which have shown AChE inhibitory activity. Alkaloid extracts of three species of Amaryllidaceae were studied with respect to their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and alkaloid patterns. Eleven alkaloids were identified by GC/MS. Significant cholinesterase inhibitory activity was demonstrated by the alkaloid extract of N. undulata (IC50,HuAChE = 14.3 ± 1.2 μg/mL; IC50,HuBuChE = 33.9 ± 1.9 μg/mL).

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BARGHOUT, Nihed, Nada CHEBATA, Saida MOUMENE, Seddik KHENNOUF, Abdelaziz GHARBI, and Djamel I. EL HAD. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of alkaloid bulbs extract of Polianthes tuberosa L. (Amaryllidaceae) cultivated in Algeria." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 4 (2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4.4134.

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Polianthes tuberosa L. (Amaryllidaceae) is an ornamental and medicinal plant. Its flowers and bulbs are used traditionally as a diuretic, emetic, against rashes and gonorrhea. The aim of this work was, to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of bulbs and bulbils alkaloid extracts of P. tuberosa. Antiradical effect was assessed against DPPH radical. However, antimicrobial activity was measured through the disc diffusion method against Escherichae coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to Methicillin (MRSA) and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The scavenging effect against DPPH showed that the bulbs and bulbils alkaloids extracts exhibited an antiradical effect with IC50 = 0.231±0.017 mg/mL and 0.233±0.093 mg/mL respectively, less than the effect of vitamin C with IC50 = 0.0194±0.0002 mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity results reveal that both alkaloid bulbs extracts at 50 mg/mL did not have any inhibitory effect against the studied strains using the disc diffusion method. According to this work, bulbs and bulbils alkaloid extracts show a moderate antioxidant effect; that could be recommended as a natural antioxidant. Although tuberose bulbs were used traditionally as a soap substitute; bulbs alkaloid extract has no antimicrobial effect. Keywords: Polianthes tuberosa L., bulbs, bulbils, alkaloids, antiradical activity, antimicrobial activity.

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Díaz-Godínez, César, Julio C. Ontiveros-Rodríguez, Diana G. Ríos-Valencia, José Enrique Herbert-Pucheta, L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo, and Julio César Carrero. "Anti-amoebic Activity of Leaf Extracts and Aporphine Alkaloids Obtained from Annona purpurea." Planta Medica 86, no. 06 (2020): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1111-9566.

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Abstract Annona purpurea has been traditionally used by indigenous and socioeconomically disadvantaged people to treat infectious and parasitic diseases, including amoebiasis. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a crude methanolic extract, an alkaloid extract, and aporphine alkaloids from leaves of A. purpurea on the viability of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite cultures and to identify the mechanism of action. Different concentrations of the extracts and alkaloids purpureine (1), 3-hydroxyglaucine (2), norpurpureine (3) glaziovine (4), and oxopurpureine (5) were added to the cultures, and dead parasites were counted after 24 h using a tetrazolium dye reduction assay and analyzed by flow cytometry. The crude extract did not affect the viability of amoebae, but the alkaloid extract and the derived alkaloid glaziovine (4) had important anti-amoebic activity with an IC50 of 33.5 µM compared to that shown by metronidazole (6.8 µM). The treatments induced significant morphological changes in the trophozoites, and most parasites killed by the alkaloid extract were positive for Annexin V, suggesting that apoptosis was the main mechanism of action. In contrast, glaziovine (4) induced less apoptosis with more amoebic lysis. This study supports the idea that aporphine alkaloids from A. purpurea, mainly (+)-(R)-glaziovine (4), could contribute to the development of new formulations for the treatment of amoebiasis. In addition, X-ray diffraction structural analysis and complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of (+)-(R)-glaziovine (4) were performed and reported for the first time.

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Al-marzook, Farah A., and Rabab Omran. "CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ALKALOID EXTRACTS OF DIFFERENT PLANTS AGAINST BREAST CANCER CELL LINE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 7 (2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18189.

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Objectives: To study in vitro cytotoxic activity of total alkaloid extracts of Pinus sabiniana L., Phoenix dactylifera L. and Ferocactus sp. L. against breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and non-tumorigenic fetal hepatic cell line (WRL-68). Methods: Plant powder of each P. sabiniana L. leaves, P. dactylifera L. pollen grains, and Ferocactus sp. L. The leaves were extracted separately with 80% methanol, chloroform at pH 2 and pH 10 and the chloroform portion was dried to obtain the total alkaloid extracts. The total alkaloids were detected qualitatively by Mayer’s, Dragendorff’s and Hager’s reagents and estimated quantitatively by bromocresol green spectrophotometry depending on the atropine calibration curve. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazoyl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: The extract of P. sabiniana L. had highest total alkaloid content (164.62±2.8 mg/100 g dry weight of plant) than the other plants (P. dactylifera l., Ferocactus sp. L.), the total alkaloids of Ferocactus sp. L. and P. dactylifera L., reduced the cell viability of both cell lines, the highest reduction occurred in the concentration 400 μg/ml was 46±2.20% (MCF-7) and 56.2±2.2% (WRL-68) for Ferocactus sp. L., followed by 56.2±2.2% (MCF-7) and 57.5±3.2% (WRL-68) for P. dactylifera L. The alkaloids of P. sabiniana was very lower effects on both cell lines MCF-7, and WRL-68 was 89.3±3.44% and 90.16±2.7%, respectively, at the same concentration. Conclusion: Plant alkaloids had variable effects against cancer and normal cell lines depending on the type of alkaloid compounds and their concentration in the extract.

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Ożarowski, Marcin, Radosław Kujawski, Przemysław Mikołajczak, et al. "Comparison of antioxidant activities of fractionated extracts from seedlings and herb of Chelidonium majus L. using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods." Herba Polonica 62, no. 4 (2016): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hepo-2016-0020.

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Summary Introduction: Our study is a part of a trend of studies on the antioxidative properties of Chelidonium majus extracts or their fractions suggesting that antioxidant activities may depend on total flavonoid and/or alkaloid contents. Objective: This study focused on the examination of antioxidative activities of full water extract, non-protein fraction and protein fraction of the extract from aerial parts of mature plants and young seedlings. Methods: Total flavonoid and alkaloid contents were evaluated by spectrometric methods. Quantitative determination of chelidonine, coptisine, sanquinarine, berberine was made by HPLC-UV. The antioxidative activities were evaluated using (1) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), (2) 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and (3) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results: All concentrations of herb extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than extract from seedlings. Two antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP) showed that full water extract from herb had the highest antioxidant activity, while its non-protein fraction and protein fraction showed lower antioxidant activity. It was found that the full water extract from herb contained the highest concentrations of flavonoids and alkaloids when compared with other samples. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that chelidonine and coptisine especially could be responsible for the observed changes in the extract antioxidant activity, because these alkaloids were determined in the highest concentration in full water extract from herb. It cannot be also excluded that the observed variables values between extracts and their fractions from herb or from seedlings may also be the result of interactions between flavonoids and other chemical compounds.

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Turner, Matthew, Roberto Cruz, Jordan Elwell, John French, Jared Mattos, and Owen McDougal. "Native V. californicum Alkaloid Combinations Induce Differential Inhibition of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling." Molecules 23, no. 9 (2018): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092222.

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Veratrum californicum is a rich source of steroidal alkaloids such as cyclopamine, a known inhibitor of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Here we provide a detailed analysis of the alkaloid composition of V. californicum by plant part through quantitative analysis of cyclopamine, veratramine, muldamine and isorubijervine in the leaf, stem and root/rhizome of the plant. To determine whether additional alkaloids in the extracts contribute to Hh signaling inhibition, the concentrations of these four alkaloids present in extracts were replicated using commercially available standards, followed by comparison of extracts to alkaloid standard mixtures for inhibition of Hh signaling using Shh-Light II cells. Alkaloid combinations enhanced Hh signaling pathway antagonism compared to cyclopamine alone, and significant differences were observed in the Hh pathway inhibition between the stem and root/rhizome extracts and their corresponding alkaloid standard mixtures, indicating that additional alkaloids present in these extracts are capable of inhibiting Hh signaling.

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Dymek, Aleksandra, Jarosław Widelski, Krzysztof Kamil Wojtanowski, Paulina Płoszaj, Rostyslav Zhuravchak, and Tomasz Mroczek. "Optimization of Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Lycopodiaceae Alkaloids Obtained from Two Lycopodium Species." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061626.

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Alkaloids of the Lycopodiaceae family are of great interest to researchers due to their numerous properties and wide applications in medicine. They play a very important role mainly due to their potent antioxidant, antidepressant effects and a reversible ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity. This property is of immense importance due to the growing problem of an increasing number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases in developed countries and a lack of effective and efficient treatment for them. Numerous studies have shown that Lycopodiaceae alkaloids are a rich source of AChE inhibitors. In the obtaining of new therapeutic phytochemicals from plant material, the extraction process and its efficiency is crucial. Therefore, the aim of this work was to optimize the conditions of modern PLE to obtain bioactive alkaloids from two Lycopodium species: L. clavatum L. and L. annotinum L. Five different solvents of different polarity were used for prepared plant extracts in order to compare the alkaloid content in and thereby effectiveness of the entire extraction. PLE parameters were used based on multiple studies conducted that gave the highest alkaloids recovery. Crude extracts were purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Oasis HLB cartridge and examined by HPLC/ESI-QTOF–MS of the highly abundant alkaloids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such high recoveries have been obtained for known Lycopodiaceae alkaloids. The best extraction results of alkaloid-lycopodine were detected in the dichloromethane extract from L. clavatum, where the yield exceeded 45%. The high recovery of annotinine above 40% presented in L. annotinum was noticed in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts. Moreover, chromatograms were obtained with all isolated alkaloids and the best separation and quality of the bands in methanolic extracts. Interestingly, no alkaloid amounts were detected in cyclohexane extracts belonging to the non-polar solvent. These results could be helpful for understanding and optimizing the best conditions for isolating potent AChE inhibitors.

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Mgbeahuruike, Eunice, Pia Fyhrquist, Heikki Vuorela, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, and Yvonne Holm. "Alkaloid-Rich Crude Extracts, Fractions and Piperamide Alkaloids of Piper guineense Possess Promising Antibacterial Effects." Antibiotics 7, no. 4 (2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7040098.

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Piper guineense is a food and medicinal plant commonly used to treat infectious diseases in West-African traditional medicine. In a bid to identify new antibacterial compounds due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, twelve extracts of P. guineense fruits and leaves, obtained by sequential extraction, as well as the piperine and piperlongumine commercial compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. HPLC-DAD and UHPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis were conducted to characterize and identify the compounds present in the extracts with promising antibacterial activity. The extracts, with the exception of the hot water decoctions and macerations, contained piperamide alkaloids as their main constituents. Piperine, dihydropiperine, piperylin, dihydropiperylin or piperlonguminine, dihydropiperlonguminine, wisanine, dihydrowisanine and derivatives of piperine and piperidine were identified in a hexane extract of the leaf. In addition, some new piperamide alkaloids were identified, such as a piperine and a piperidine alkaloid derivative and two unknown piperamide alkaloids. To the best of our knowledge, there are no piperamides reported in the literature with similar UVλ absorption maxima and masses. A piperamide alkaloid-rich hexane leaf extract recorded the lowest MIC of 19 µg/mL against Sarcina sp. and gave promising growth inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. aerogenes as well, inhibiting the growth of both bacteria with a MIC of 78 µg/mL. Moreover, this is the first report of the antibacterial activity of P. guineense extracts against Sarcina sp. and E. aerogenes. Marked growth inhibition was also obtained for chloroform extracts of the leaves and fruits against P. aeruginosa with a MIC value of 78 µg/mL. Piperine and piperlongumine were active against E. aerogenes, S. aureus, E. coli, S. enterica, P. mirabilis and B. cereus with MIC values ranging from 39–1250 µg/mL. Notably, the water extracts, which were almost devoid of piperamide alkaloids, were not active against the bacterial strains. Our results demonstrate that P. guineense contains antibacterial alkaloids that could be relevant for the discovery of new natural antibiotics.

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Kranthi Kumar, G., K. Nagendra Prasad, and M. Raghu Ram. "Antioxidant activity and production of secondary metabolites of adult plant and in vitro calli of Anodendron paniculatum." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 3 (2019): 632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i3.2132.

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The members of the family Apocynaceae are the rich in alkaloids, terpinoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and hydrocarbons. Anodendron paniculatum Roxb. is an woody climber, the roots of which have been used to control vomiting and cough. In the present study, adult plant and tissue culture plant extracts of A. paniculatum collected from Eastern Ghats, Araku, Andhra Pradesh were used for the production of their secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. Methanol extracts of calli showed high contents of total phenol and alkaloid with 25.53 and 25.98 mg/g respectively. Methanol extract of tissue culture plant at higher concentrations showed better antioxidant activity with reference to standard ascorbic acid. For this study different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) of extracts were prepared by using four different solvents. Tissue culture extracts from methanol showed maximum scavenging activity with 231.9±1.39 % at 200 µg/ml of concentration, while that of adult plant extracts showed the scavenging activity of 189.1±0.74% only. These results on high antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of A. paniculatum calli can be attributed to the presence of high phenolic and alkaloid contents in calli when compared to that of adult plant extract.

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Ohashi, Leticia Hiromi, Douglas Costa Gontijo, Maria Fernanda Alves do Nascimento, Luciano Ferreira Margalho, Geraldo Célio Brandão, and Alaíde Braga de Oliveira. "Extraction and Fractionation Effects on Antiplasmodial Activity and Phytochemical Composition of Palicourea hoffmannseggiana." Planta Medica International Open 8, no. 01 (2021): e34-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1375-6456.

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AbstractThe present study on Palicourea hoffmannseggiana, which was collected at Marapanim, state of Pará, Brazil, comprises the preparation of different stem and leaf extracts and fractions. Ethanol, hydroethanol, and water extracts were prepared by several methods and evaluated for in vitro activity against resistant Plasmodium falciparum (W2 strain), disclosing a low parasite growth inhibition effect (< 50%). Dereplication by UPLC-DAD-ESI−MS of the leaf ethanol extract showed the presence of two known alkaloids, lyalosidic and strictosidinic acids, along with a sinapoyl ester of lyalosidic acid, with m/z 719.33 [M+H]+, which is possibly a new monoterpene indole alkaloid representative. Sequential liquid-liquid acid-base alkaloid separations from the leaf ethanol extract as well as directly from leaf powder afforded fractions of increased parasite growth inhibition, reaching up to 92.5±0.7%. The most bioactive fractions were shown to contain the β-carboline alkaloids harmane and 4-methyl-β-carboline, along with N-methyl-tryptamine and N-acetyl-tryptamine, while monoterpene indole alkaloids were detected in inactive fractions of these processes. The present results demonstrate that these preliminary fractionation methods can lead to significantly active fractions supporting an adequate scale-up to carrying out the isolation of anti-plasmodial compounds.

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Maslahat, Mamay, Dani Ramdani, and RTM Sutamihardja. "IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA KIMIA PADA EKSTRAK BASA BUAH LEUNCA (Solanum nigrum Linn) DENGAN TEKNIK KHROMATOGRAFI." Jurnal Sains Natural 1, no. 1 (2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v1i1.12.

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Identification of Chemical Compounds at the Leuncas Fruits Base Extracts with Chromatography Methodes Secondary methabolites contain in the plant was a alkaloids, flavonoids, terphenoids, steroids that use for medicinal, biopestiside, etc. Taksonomy principle of Leunca (Solanum nigrum Linn) is clasified to Solanaceae family, and prediction contains alkaloids. The leunca fruits base extracts qualitative tested with Dragendorf reagents and indetified with thin layer chromatography (TLC), coloumn chromatography (CC), and gass chromatography mass-spectra (GC-MS). Optimation of eluens as mobile fase for TLC and CC used three eluens, there are methanol:NH4OH (200:3), chloroform:methanol (17:3), and chloroform:ethanol (4:1). Dragendorf test showed extract contains alkaloids compounds. Eluens optimum was chloroform:methanol (17:3) with trhree fraction ,and GC-MS identification showed that extract contains chemical compounds as carbocilic acid, thiourea, nicotinic acid, and glicerol. Keyword s: Alkaloids compounds, leunca, chromatography ABSTRAK Metabolit sekunder yang terkandung pada tanaman dapat berupa senyawaan kimia alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan steroid. Senyawaan kimia ini dapat berfungsi sebagai obat, biopestisida, dan sebagainya. Leunca (Solanum nigrum Linn) berdasarkan ilmu taksonomi diklasifikasikan ke dalam famili Solanaceae (labu-labuan), dan diduga banyak mengandung senyawaan alkaloid yang berkhasiat sebagai obat. Ekstrak basa buah lenca diuji dengan pereaksi Draggendorf dan diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan teknik kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), kromatografi kolom, dan instrumen kromatografi gas-spektra massa (GC-MS). Optimasi eluen sebagai fase gerak pada KLT dan kromatografi kolom dilakukan terhadap 3 jenis dan komposisi eluen yang berbeda yaitu Metanol : NH4OH (200:3), Kloroform:Metanol (17:3), dan Kloroform:Etanol (4:1). Hasil uji Dragendorf mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak basa buah lenca mengandung senyawaan alkaloid. Hasil optimasi eluen menunjukkan bahwa eluen yang optimum adalah Kloroform:Metanol (17:3) dengan memberikan 3 fraksi pemisahan. Nilai Rf ketiga fraksi tersebut adalah 0,21; 0,31 dan 0,60. Berdasarkan analisis dengan GC-MS diketahui bahwa ekstrak basa buah lenca mengandung senyawaan kimia karboksilat, tiourea, asam nikotinat, dan gliserol.Kata kunci : Senyawa alkaloid, leunca, kromatografi

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Kong, Xiangpeng, Zhicong Chen, Yingjie Xia, et al. "Dehydrocorydaline Accounts the Majority of Anti-Inflammatory Property of Corydalis Rhizoma in Cultured Macrophage." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (November 17, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4181696.

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Corydalis Rhizoma (CR) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for its potency in activating blood circulation and analgesia. In clinic, CR extracts or components are commonly used in the treatment of myocardial ischemia, rheumatism, and dysmenorrhea with different types of inflammation. However, due to different mechanism of pain and inflammation, the anti-inflammatory property of CR has not been fully revealed. Here, the major chromatographic peaks of CR extracts in different extracting solvents were identified, and the anti-inflammatory activities of CR extracts and its major alkaloids were evaluated in LPS-treated macrophages by determining expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, IκBα and NF-κB. The most abundant alkaloid in CR extract was dehydrocorydaline, having >50% of total alkaloids. Besides, the anti-inflammatory activities of dehydrocorydaline and its related analogues were demonstrated. The anti-inflammatory roles were revealed in LPS-treated cultured macrophages, including (i) inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines release, for example, TNF-α, IL-6; (ii) suppressing mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines; (iii) promoting IκBα expression and suppressing activation of NF-κB transcriptional element; and (iv) reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The results supported that dehydrocorydaline was the major alkaloid in CR extract, which, together with its analogous, accounted the anti-inflammatory property of CR.

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Sarikaya, Buket Bozkurt, Nehir Unver Somer, Gulen Irem Kaya, Mustafa Ali Onur, Jaume Bastida, and Strahil Berkov. "GC-MS Investigation and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Galanthus rizehensis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 68, no. 3-4 (2013): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2013-3-407.

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GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses of alkaloids in the aerial parts and bulbs of Galanthus rizehensis Stern (Amaryllidaceae), collected during two different vegetation periods, was performed. Twenty three alkaloids were identified in four different alkaloid extracts. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of the alkaloid extracts were tested. Both the highest alkaloid diversity and the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 12.94 μg/ml) were obtained in extracts from the bulbs of G. rizehensis collected during the fruiting period.

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Kopp, Thomas, Mona Abdel-Tawab, Martin Khoeiklang, and Boris Mizaikoff. "Development of a Selective Adsorbing Material for Binding of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Herbal Extracts, Based on Molecular Group Imprinting." Planta Medica 85, no. 13 (2019): 1107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0961-2658.

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AbstractPyrrolizidine alkaloids are secondary plant constituents that became a subject of public concern because of their hepatotoxic, pneumotoxic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects. Due to disregardful harvesting and/or contamination with pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants, there is a high risk of ingesting these substances with plant extracts or natural products. The limit for the daily intake was set to 0.007 µg/kg body weight. If contained in an extract, cleanup methods may help to minimize the pyrrolizidine alkaloid concentration. For this purpose, a material for depleting pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal preparations was developed based on the approach of molecular imprinting using monocrotaline. Molecular imprinted polymers are substances with specific binding characteristics, depending on the template used for imprinting. By means of group imprinting, only one molecule is used for creating selective cavities for many molecular pyrrolizidine alkaloid variations. Design of Experiment was used for the development using a 25 screening plan resulting in 64 polymers (32 MIPs/32 NIPs). Rebinding trials revealed that the developed material can compete with common cation exchangers and is more suitable for depleting pyrrolizidine alkaloids than C18- material. Matrix trials using an extract from Chelidonium majus show that there is sufficient binding capacity for pyrrolizidine alkaloids (80%), but the material is lacking in selectivity towards pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the presence of other alkaloids with similar functional groups such as berberine, chelidonine, and coptisine. Beyond this interaction, the selectivity could be proven for other structurally different compounds on the example of chelidonic acid.

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Khodja, Yazid Khaled, Mostapha Bachir-bey, Rachid Ladjouzi, Djenadi Katia, and Bachra Khettal. "In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of phenolic and alkaloid extracts of Laurus nobilis." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 11, no. 3 (2021): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.11(3).p345-354.

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Laurus nobilis one of medicinal and aromatic plant endemic to the Mediter-ranean region. It is highly appreciated for the condiment benefits of its leaves. Due to its richness in bioactive compounds, the leaves are also used in traditional therapy to treat several infectious diseases. Phenolic com-pounds and alkaloids are particularly important because they are used in many pharmaceutical, food supplement, and cosmetic fields. The presence of phenolic compounds and alkaloids in L. nobilis leaves attracted our atten-tion due to their various functions such as antioxidant capacity and antibac-terial properties. The main objective of this study was to determine antioxi-dant and antibacterial activities of phenolic and alkaloid extracts of L. nobilis. The quantification of antioxidant substances allowed obtaining phenolic compounds content of 86.46 EAG mg/g and a total alkaloids yield of 700 μg/g. The results of antioxidant activity show that, although the alkaloid concen-trations are low, their antioxidant power is higher than phenolic compounds. The results of antibacterial activity of L. nobilis extracts revealed that the highest inhibition was recorded for alkaloid extract against staphylococcal strains responsible for food poisoning. However, L. nobilis phenolic com-pounds showed better activity against phytopathogenic strains associated particularly with potato rot.

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